MXPA00001582A - Rotary piston machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotary piston machine which can function as a pump, compressor or motor. A cycloid power component and a correspondingly formed blocking component are indented in said machine. The difference in the number of teeth between both components is one. The volume of the working chambers (16) thus created attains a maximum and a minimum level at each rotation owing to the synchronous rotation of said power component and blocking component.

Description

ROTATING PIERCING MACHINE Description of the invention The invention is based on a rotary piston machine according to the type of the main claim. A rotary piston machine is known (DE P 42 41 320.6; DE G 92 18 694.7; PCT / DE 92/01025) in which all the lines forming the operating direction transversely to the operating direction of the cycloid element and of the control element pass through the cutting point of the axes of rotation. To this are added constraints on the expansion and compression behavior of the work compartments, which limit the possibility of adapting the rotating drive machine to various working methods and fields of application. In contrast, the object according to the invention with the distinguishing features of the main claim has the advantage that the suction and ejection behavior of the work compartments is adjusted by the displacement of the phases, thereby reducing a undesirable reflux or mixing of the suctioned work medium and that which will be expelled. According to another advantageous development of the invention, the displacement of the phases from the internal diameter to the external diameter is at least 360 °, so that at least in an angular position of the first or second element, the work compartment is isolated of the environment. In accordance with another advantageous development of the invention, the amplitudes of the cycloids forming the bearing surfaces of the cycloid element are different from one another, so that an additional degree of freedom is obtained with regard to the design of the behavior of the cycloid element. the work compartments. In accordance with another advantageous development of the invention, the work compartments are isolated from one another by means of the shape drag between the flanks and the crests of the teeth of the elements facing one another, so that the ridges of the teeth of the control element run over the flanks of the teeth of the cycloid element due to the difference in the number of the teeth, and the reflux of the fluid tends to zero, and in addition the control element can be driven by the cycloids. According to another advantageous development of the invention, there is no form drag between the cycloids forming the bearing surface of the cycloid element and the control element, so that the machine obtains the characteristics of a turbine, derived from the driving forces and mass of the working medium. In addition, sensitive media can be used as working media whose characteristics can be impaired by crushing. According to another advantageous development of the invention, the control channel for the input of the working medium is arranged in the outer diameter of the gear and the control channel for the output of the working medium in its internal diameter, so that during operation as a turbine or as a motor, the drive and mass forces of the working medium act in coordination with the ejection direction of the work compartment. In addition, this reduces losses due to leaks and improves the degree of efficiency. According to another advantageous development of the invention, the working positions of the axes of rotation of the existing elements can be altered independently of one another. In accordance with the invention, it is also conceivable that other additional wheel matings exist, where at least one of the elements has on the rear side also a front toothing which again cooperates with another rotary element with double or simple toothing. The condition is that the box enclosing these rotating elements has a radial packing towards them. For driving and for exiting the force, it is possible to use, in a manner known per se, toothed gears or crowns connected to or mounted on the rotating elements and cooperating with other devices for driving or exiting the force. By altering the working positions of the axes of rotation can be achieved that the alteration of the volume in one of the elements of the rotary piston machine takes place delayed or advanced with respect to the other, so that by this and the communication of the work compartments a stepped work is possible or it is possible to carry out a combined drive. According to a suitable development of the invention, the cycloid element or control element exists in duplicate, and between these existing elements in duplicate the other element is arranged as a ring provided with bilateral frontal application or cycloidal bearing surfaces, being that in accordance with another improvement, at least two working compartments can be communicated on both sides of the ring. By this, for example, a double-action pump or a driving machine is obtained in which, between two cycloid elements that rotate in an absolutely synchronized manner, a toothed element is arranged on both sides, which has a difference of one tooth with respect to to the elements that exist twice over. This control element, depending on whether it is a pump or an engine, can comprise a drive or force output device, or the drive and / or output of the force can be made through the existing cycloid elements by starting double. The box can serve as a stator in which both cycloid elements driven under a corresponding working angle are mounted in a bearing, between which the control element rotates freely with a difference of one tooth for each front side. Accordingly, in accordance with another advantageous development of the invention, there are corresponding channels in the housing or in the control element which are possibly controlled during the rotation for the connection or evacuation of the working means. By this means, not only additional valves are dispensed with, but washing in the direction of centrifugation is also possible. According to a further preferred development of the invention, the radial jacket surface of the elements has a spherical configuration, these elements being radially sealed on an internal surface of the box of corresponding spherical configuration. In particular, the spherical conduction results in the possibility of altering the working position without additional sealing problems. This externally or internally spherical, radially obturating wall of the work compartment can be connected to the control element or cycloid and rotate with it, and center the elements one with respect to the other. Another advantageous development of the invention is its application as a compressor with independent control of the revolutions, in particular by altering the phase displacement of both rotating elements with respect to the channels of the working means. Regardless of the conveniently large centrifugal stability of the moving elements and of the small dimensions at high machine power, the compression ratio can be continuously controlled by the displacement of the phases, in particular independently of the number of revolutions. By means of this a compressor of this kind is particularly suitable for loading internal combustion machines because they have a high number of revolutions, above all very high numbers of revolutions, being that the mass of the magazine must be as light as possible , in particular the rotating masses to be driven, and that the power must be controlled independently of the number of revolutions. By virtue of the possibility of working with phase displacement of several pairs of work compartments, in addition to the control that is carried out without valves and in the direction of the flow (without inversion of the flow) and of the very good sealing quality of the working compartments, the compressors according to the invention can be applied for pressure ranges in which until now it was only possible to use piston machines. Another advantageous development of the invention is its application in the hydrostatic field as a pump, motor or drive mechanism. Also in this case the extremely favorable relationship of the size of the construction with respect to the volume of circulation affects. The simple kinematics, the firmness of the construction at revolutions and the very wide cross sections of the washing channels allow these machines to be suitable even for the highest revolutions. The internal resistance to the flow of the machine according to the invention is very low. In the case of its application as a pump, the high rigidity of the shape of the elements is conveniently affected. Also the wear only affects so that a kind of grinding occurs between the moving elements. In addition, the machine is suitable for the highest working pressures. In the case of the application as a hydromotor, the same advantages apply, but above all the small masses to be accelerated, the good starting behavior and the high degree of volumetric effectiveness. In the case of the application as a hydrostatic driving mechanism, the small volume of the construction and the possibility of compactly connecting the pump and the hydromotor are particularly advantageous. Another advantageous development of the invention is its application as a driving machine or a refrigerating machine, in particular according to the Stirling principle. In the latter, the work compartments associated with one another work with a phase shift of 90 °. Two rotating cycloid elements in combination with a rotary control element form pairs of compartments which in each case work with a phase shift of 90 ° from one another. One compartment admits heat, the other cools, a regenerator is integrated in the control element. According to the design of the invention there are no alternating elements between the hot and the cold area. The walls of the cold work compartments and the hot work compartments are isolated from each other nevertheless being spatially close.

An extreme sizing of the convection / volume ratio of the work compartments is possible by virtue of the high rigidity of shape of the elements forming the work compartments. One of the rotating elements can be designed as a rotor of a linear generator of the Stirling engine or of a linear motor of a Stirling refrigerating machine. In this way it is possible to close the machine hermetically and dimension it for a very high load pressure with few losses due to leakage of the working gas. The displacement of the phases that determines the power of the Stirling engine can be carried out very easily with this form of construction. In the case of a refrigerating machine designed in this way it is possible in all cases to regulate the amount of heat transported independently of the number of revolutions. Other advantages and suitable improvements of the invention are apparent from the following description, drawing and claims. An exemplary embodiment of the invention is depicted in the drawing and is described in more detail below. They show: FIG. 1 shows the delivery or force output element and the closing element in an exploded view, FIG. 2 shows the delivery or force output element and the closing element in the assembled state with a box, FIG. 3 a plan view on a cycloid tooth with 4 cycloids and a spiral angle of approximately 170 °, and figure 4 a plan view on a corresponding tooth of the closure element, with 5 teeth. On the right side of FIG. 1 are represented the power element 1 and the drive shaft 2 or force output. The drive shaft or force outlet mounted on the bearing in the box not shown here carries the power element 1 at one of its ends. The power element 1 is constituted by a spherical zone 3 which made the drive shaft 2 or force outlet is delimited by a flat base surface 4, while its front face 5 has a spiral cycloid toothing. In contrast to the conventional construction of the cycloids, the cycloid 6 is formed by developing a circle on the line 7 of intersection between the spherical surface 8 and the base surface 4, the point of this circle being found which describes the cycloid 6 always on the 8 spherical surface. Cycloid 6 is the necessary guide curve for the toothing process. A straight serration of the cycloid results if a straight generating line is moved around a fixed point on the axis of rotation of the drive shaft 2 or force output along the guide curve 6. If a spiral-shaped generatrix line is used instead of the straight generatrix line, the spiral cycloid toothing in accordance with the invention of the power element results. The closure element 10 shown on the left side of figure 1 has a similar geometry. A shaft 11 similarly mounted on a bearing in the box (not shown) carries the closing element 10 in the form of a spherical zone which made the shaft 11 delimited by a base surface 12 and whose external contour corresponds to that of a spherical surface 13. The front surface 14 of the closure element 10 has a spiral-shaped tooth whose number of teeth is greater than the number of the cycloids 6 of the power element 1. The contour of the teeth corresponds to the tangents against the cycloids 6 during the synchronous rotation of the power elements 1 and the closing element 10. The contour of the teeth can also be chosen so that there is always a certain distance between the cycloids and the teeth of the closing element 10. Then the ejector machine becomes a turbine. This is convenient, for example, if the working medium could be damaged due to crushing in the sealing lines 9, or if the drive and mass forces of the working medium should be used. The axes of rotation of the closing element 10 and of the power element 1 are joined together forming a working angle. For the invention it has no significance if the cycloid toothing is disposed on the front face of the power element 1 as shown here, and the corresponding toothing on the closing element 10, or vice versa. In FIG. 2, the power element 1 and the closing element 10 are shown in their assembled position. In this it is possible to recognize two sealing lines 9 of the power element 1 and the closing element 10, represented in the drawing as contact points. Depending on the quantity of cycloids, the closing element 10, the power element 1 and the box 17 form several working compartments 16, of which two are visible. In the direction of rotation of the power element 1 and of the closing element 10 indicated by the two arrows, the working compartments 16 expand in the segment of the rotational movement shown. Correspondingly, the volume of the work compartment is compressed in the second half of the rotation not shown. The sealing lines 9 migrate from the outside to the inside or vice versa, depending on the direction of rotation, and thereby produce the flow of the working medium or the drive of the output shaft 2. The control openings not shown in box 17 are determined according to the requirements of the process. Thus, in the case of the operation as a pump with flow direction from the inside out, the opening of the box 17 is placed at that point in which the sealing line 9 is detached from the internal diameter of the toothing. The external toothing is placed in that place of the box in which the working compartment 16 has the desired volume. With a constant number of revolutions the power of the rotary piston machine can be regulated by moving the closing element 10 with respect to the power element 1. In this case the axis of rotation of the closing element 10 always remains on a conical surface whose angle of conicity corresponds to the working angle 15. In Figure 3 a simplified plan view on the power element 1 is shown. In this are drawn four lines 18 generatrices in the form of a spiral, which serve to clarify the construction of the spiral cycloid teeth. Generating lines 18 are placed on the highest points of the cycloids. The angle 19 of the spiral is approximately 170 ° in the example shown. In Figure 4 the corresponding generatrix lines 21 of the closure element 10 are shown. By comparing Figure 3 and Figure 4 on the one hand you can see the difference in the number of teeth, and on the other hand you can also reconstruct the effect of spiral teeth. In contrast to a straight serration of the cycloid, one and the same working compartment can expand and compress simultaneously in its internal and external area. This gives considerable design possibilities with respect to the desired volumetric behavior of the work compartment. If the angle 19 of the spiral enclosed by the spiral-shaped generating line is greater than 360 °, then each working compartment 16 is momentarily closed on all sides during the rotation of the power element 1 and the closing element 10. This excludes the reflux of the working medium and other effects on the output side on the input side or vice versa. All the features described in the description, the following claims and the drawing can be constitutive of the invention, both individually and in any combination of each other.

List of reference symbols 1 Part of power 2 Drive shaft or force output 3 Spherical zone 4 Base surface of the power element 5 Front face of the power element 6 Cycloid 7 Line of intersection between the spherical surface and the base surface 8 Spherical surface 9 Sealing line between the power element and the closing element 10 Closing element 11 Tree 12 Base surface of the closing element 13 Spherical surface 14 Front face of the closing element 15 Working angle 16 Working compartment 17 Box 18 Generating lines of the power element 19 Angle of the spiral 20 21 Generating lines of the closing element

Claims (1)

1. CLAIMS Rotary piston machine that works as a pump, compressor, turbine or motor, comprising a box that has an interior compartment in the form of a spherical zone and at least in each case an inlet and an outlet opening, a power element attached to a shaft provided with a drive or force output device, mounted on a bearing in the box, which element is constituted by a spherical zone delimited by a front face and a base surface, the central point of which is in the axis of rotation of the drive shaft or force output and whose diameter corresponds to that of the interior compartment of the box, whose base surface extends perpendicular to the axis of rotation and whose front face is formed by the movement of a straight generating line joined with a point of the axis of rotation along a curve of cycloidal guidance with at least two cycloids, being that the development of the circle necessary for the construction of the cycloids is carried out on the intersecting line of circular shape between the base surface and the spherical zone, and that the point of the circle forming the cycloid moves on the surface of the spherical zone, a closing element attached to a bearing-mounted shaft in the box, which element is constituted by a spherical zone delimited by a front face and a base surface, whose central point is located on the axis of rotation of the shaft and whose diameter corresponds to that of the compartment inside the box, whose base surface extends perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft and whose front face is shaped as toothing cooperating with the power element, being that the difference of the number of teeth of the closure element with respect to the number of cycloids of the power element is one, that the power element and the closing element move in synchronized manner around the axes of rotation of the ol of impulsion or output of force and of the associated shaft, arranged with respect to each other so that they form an angle of work, and that between the cycloids and the teeth of the closing element are formed working compartments that with each revolution reach a maximum and a minimum, determined by the cycloids, the shape of the teeth and the working angle, characterized in that the generating line of the front face of the power element in a plane extending through the axis of rotation of the drive shaft or Force output is a curved line. Rotary piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the generating line of the front face of the power element is a spiral. Rotary piston machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the angle of the spiral is greater than 360 °. Rotary piston machine according to one of the preceding subordinate claims, characterized in that the working compartments are isolated by the form drag between the cycloids and the teeth of the closing element and the power element. Rotary piston machine according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that there is a certain distance between the cycloids forming the bearing surface of the power element and the closing element. Rotary piston machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control channel for the input of the working medium is arranged in the internal diameter of the toothing and the control channel for the output of the working medium is arranged in the outer diameter of the teeth. Rotary piston machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control channel for the input of the working medium is arranged in the outer diameter of the toothing and the control channel for the output of the working medium is arranged in the inner diameter of the teeth. Rotary piston machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working position of the axes of rotation of the existing rotating elements is altered independently of one another. Rotary piston machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power element or the closing element is provided twice, and because between these two existing elements there is arranged the other element disposed as a disc provided bilaterally with application of front teeth or cycloidal bearing surfaces. Rotary piston machine according to claim 9, characterized in that at least two of the working compartments on both sides of the disk can communicate with one another. Rotary piston machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there are corresponding channels in the box or in the closing element for feeding or evacuating the working means. Rotary piston machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spherical surfaces are radially sealed on the internal face of the spherical shape of the box. Rotary piston machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used as a compressor with independent control of the number of revolutions, and in particular by moving the working phases of both rotary elements towards the channels of the working means. Rotary piston machine according to claim 13, characterized in that there are two axially mounted power elements in the housing, driven from the outside, and a bilaterally-toothed closing element, disposed therebetween, and because the arrangement of the teeth on the The closing element is displaced on one of the sides with respect to the other side, or because a different number of teeth is provided on both sides. Rotary piston machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is used in the hydrostatic field as a pump, motor or drive mechanism. Rotary piston machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is used as a driving machine or as a refrigerating machine, in particular according to the Stirling principle, with the working compartments associated with each other cooperating phase shifted by 90 °.