MX2013014479A - Multistructural system for walls and slabs. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention consists in a multistructural system for walls and slabs, which comprises wall panels, foundation slabs and floor structures formed by two electrowelded meshes located one above the other so that the space therebetween includes expanded polystyren plates arranged in rows and columns through the whole surface of the mesh. The panels are interconnected by different systems of interconnection and fixation.

Description

MULTI-STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR WALLS AND SLABS Field of the invention The present invention belongs to the technical field of construction; More particularly, it belongs to the technical field of wall panels and building slabs.

State of the art Currently, there are two main types of walls: i) walls built with blocks of prefabricated concrete blocks and ii) monolithic concrete walls. The construction of monolithic monolithic concrete walls involves manufacturing a structure with wood in the workplace. In this structure steel reinforcing rods are placed and poured into the concrete. After the concrete cures, the wood structure is removed, cleaned and transported to the warehouse. As can be seen, this process is time-consuming and usually requires skilled workers to build the forms. On the other hand, the construction of concrete forms for the concave or convex curved walls significantly increases the costs and complexity of the work for the job. Similarly, climate and elements can have a significant impact on the construction of conventional walls, especially in rainy climates. For example, the excavation and construction of the shape of the walls is particularly difficult, and sometimes it is not possible, especially during the rainy months. i In this sense, various techniques have been developed for the prefabrication of walls in order to reduce manufacturing costs at the construction site of a property.

For example, patent US6167671 B1 describes a prefabricated concrete wall which can be used in the construction of buildings. The wall has an outer panel and an interior panel, each of which can be made from a gypsum board, plywood cladding, cement boards, rigid foam sheets, plaster exterior cladding, steel cladding, steel or aluminum sheet, or fiberglass panels. The exterior and interior panels are supported by a series of metal cables in a horizontal zigzag pattern. Vertical wooden strips are also used that contain horizontal slots corresponding to the wires used to hold these cables in place. Electrical boxes, plumbing conduits, electrical conduits, doors, windows, and spaces for floor joists are made by including a wooden mold inside the wall mold, forming a desired hollow structure within the concrete .

Also, patent application US2011138702A1 describes a prefabricated wall having interior and exterior panels of insulating material and concrete forms. The inner and outer panels are connected by connecting rods that attach a metal frame to the wall beam inside the wall structure, and a metal frame wall stud on the outside of the wall structure. The connecting rods serve to align the inner and outer side wall panels separated from, and parallel to, each other, thereby providing a space for reinforcing bars and concrete to form a concrete wall armed. A brick / stone covering is attached to the wall assembly by inserting a fixing rod through the outer and inner side wall panels, and secured with a mechanical seal, thus ensuring the brick / stone covering in place until the poured concrete permanently secures the brick / stone covering for the exterior of the wall assembly.

Additionally, US5465545 discloses a multi-component modular system for use in the manufacture of wall structures of the type that can be fortified with concrete or other similar materials. The system includes a plurality of identical prefabricated shapes, each shape consisting of an elongated rectangular piece of plastic having a cavity defined by a pair of side panels and a pair of end panels. An end panel has a pair of "L" shaped flanges facing outward, and the other end panel has a pair of inwardly oriented slots for coincidentally receiving the L-shaped flanges. Two or more shapes can be interconnected in an end-to-end manner by inserting the L-shaped flanges in a way in the L-shaped slots of a second shape. A plurality of holes are provided in the end panels of the shapes to allow the concrete to be distributed monolithically between the adjacent shapes and to accommodate the placement of horizontal reinforcing bars. The system also includes the members of the left wing and dock members of the right end with the left end and right end panels, respectively, in a way to contain the flow of concrete from the ends of a shape and / or join a pair of forms of an end-to-side relationship (that is, to make the walls perpendicular), elements of Support strut transversally mountable within the shapes, and panels of cells for use in partitioning cavities form in concrete-receiving spaces and isolation spaces.

Similarly, patent application CN2911054 discloses a preformed wall panel which comprises a panel surface which is made of concrete, and a concatenation unit disposed on the outer periphery of the panel surface for splicing adjacent wall panels of preforming. The concatenation unit is a blind mortise type. The two sides of a wall will house the preformed wall panel to mount the surface of the wall and pour the concrete into the space between the preformed wall panels.

Finally, the patent application US2011277414A1 describes a prefabricated wall that includes: i) a rectangular section of concrete comprising a projection along one side, a recess along the other side that is complementary to the projection, a projection a along one end, a channel along the other end that is complementary to the projection, channels containing a slot at each of its ends; ii) a rectangular surface board formed integrally with an exterior surface of the concrete section; and iii) an interconnection comprising a transverse portion of the spaced apart longitudinal tubes, each adapted to fit into the channel to connect two adjacent prefabricated components together.

As noted, there are a lot of prefabricated walls. However, some of them lack a lateral interconnection system, and others have an extremely complicated upper / lower interconnection system to perform. In this way, it is necessary to develop prefabricated walls that have good interconnection systems. That is why the present invention provides a multi-structural system for walls and slabs.

In general, the construction of walls for a building can take 4-5 days of labor, including excavation, building castles and curing concrete. Comparatively, the construction of a building using the multi-structural system of the present invention requires less than one day of labor at the construction site. With this, not only labor costs are reduced, but also construction is much less affected by the environment.

Brief description of the figures Figure 1 is an isometric view of the structure of electrowelded meshes that make up the wall.

Figure 2 is an isometric (A) and aerial (B) view of the wall (A), where (1) is the structure of electrowelded meshes, (2) are expanded polystyrene souls, and (3) are the flaps of Connection.

Figure 3 is an isometric view of the wall, where (1) is the structure of electro-welded meshes, (2) are expanded polystyrene souls, and (4) are the ladders.

Figure 4 is a side view (A) of the ladders and aerial view (B), where (5) is the central element in the form of a zigzag, (6) are the longitudinal rods, and (7) is the structural element in the form of a beam? " Figure 5 is an isometric (A) and aerial (B) view of the wall, where (2) are expanded polystyrene souls, and (8) are cast-type structural elements.

Figure 6 is an isometric (A) and aerial (B) view of the wall, where (3) are the connecting flaps.

Figure 7 is an isometric (A) and aerial (B) view of two interconnected walls, where (2) are expanded polystyrene webs, (3) are the connecting flaps, and (8) are cast type structural elements.

Figure 8 is an isometric view of two walls, where (8a) are the dragging chains, and (9) are the foundation dents.

Figure 9 is an isometric (A) and aerial (B) view of a building that contains the multistructural for walls and slabs, where (9) is the dentellón, (10) is the excavation done, (11) is the platform compacted, (12) is the foundation slab, and (13) are the reinforcement mesh squares.

Figure 10 is an isometric (A) and aerial (B) view of a building that contains the multistructural for walls and slabs, where (8) are the dragging chains, (12) is the foundation slab, and (13) ) are reinforcement mesh squares.

Figure 11 is an aerial view of the wall, where (14) is the enclosure chain, and (15) is the mezzanine or roof slab.

Figure 12 is an isometric view of the mesh structure, where (1a) and (1b) are the upper and lower meshes that make up the slab.

Figure 13 is a somatic view of the multi-structural slab or roof, where (1a) and (1b) are the upper and lower meshes that make up the slab, and (2) is the expanded polystyrene core.

Fig. 14 is a side view of the expanded polystyrene core, wherein (2a) are the lower slits, (2b) are the upper enhancements, and (2c) are upper slits.

Figure 15 is an isometric view of the expanded polystyrene core, wherein (16) are perforations.

Figure 16 is an isometric (A) and aerial (B) view of a portion of the multi-structural slab or roof, where (1) are the welded mesh, (2) is the expanded polystyrene core, and (17) are the pyramidal joists.

Figure 17 is an isometric view of the pyramidal (A) and triangular (B) joists, wherein (18a) are the longitudinal wires, and (18b) are the transverse wires.

Figure 18 is a cross section of the multistructural slab, where (19) is the structural element of square or rectangular shape.

Figure 19 is a cross section of the multistructural slab, where (20) are the stitches.

Figure 20 is an isometric (A) and aerial (B) view of the joint between mezzanine slabs and intermediate wall, where (21) are the mezzanine slabs, (22) is the intermediate wall, (23) is the layer of concrete compression, (24) is the wall repelled, and (25) are the seam meshes.

Figure 21 is an isometric (A) and transverse (B) view of the junction between a mezzanine slab and a perimeter wall, where (21) is the mezzanine slab, (23) is the concrete compression layer, ( 25) is the seam meshes, (8) is the chain, and (26) is the perimeter wall.

Figure 22 is a cross section of the foundation slab, where (1a-1b) are electrowelded meshes, (2) is the expanded polystyrene core, and (18a-18b) are pyramidal or triangular, respectively.

Figure 23 is an isometric view of the joint between two multi-structural foundation slabs, where (27) is the foundation slab, (18a-18b) are the pyramidal or triangular, respectively, (23) is the compression layer of concrete, (25) is the seam mesh, and (8) is the chain.

Figure 24 is an isometric view of the walls already cast, where (A) is the wall with its ribs of union between walls, (B) are two walls cast and joined by their ribs, (C) are three walls joined by their ribs, (D) is a wall with its ceiling support, (E) are two walls with the ceiling inserted, (28) are the connecting ribs, (29) in the ceiling support.

Best method for carrying out the invention The present invention is based on a prefabricated property that integrates: i) walls or slabs inside two electrowelded mesh containing polystyrene plates in its center, and ii) elements of interconnection and fixation.

In this sense, both the wall and the multi-structural slab are composed of two meshes of square or rectangular shape (according to the needs of the work). Each of the meshes is made up of a series of interconnected and electrowelded wires in a horizontal and vertical direction in such a way that a series of square spaces that vary in dimension (2-6") are formed (figure 1). The wire used for the construction of these meshes is high strength Fy = 6000 kg / cm2 that vary in height (10X10 to 10X30 cm) and caliber (12 to 6), depending on the requirements of the work.

The two meshes are placed one on top of the other (1, figure 2), and in the space between them are placed a series of low density expanded polystyrene plates (2, figure 2) arranged in rows and columns throughout the surface of the mesh. The meshes are placed in such a way that in their horizontal sides there is a vertical space if they are occupied by the polystyrene plates. These spaces or flaps (3, figure 2) will have the function of serving as connectors between one or more walls (or slabs).

The polystyrene plates are of rectangular geometric shape having a series of slits in the lower face (2a, figure 14), a series of enhancements in the upper face (2b, figure 14), a series of slits in the upper face ( 2c, figure 14), and a series of transverse perforations (16, figure 15). This series of conformations (grooves, enhancements and perforations) allow the polystyrene plates to have a greater bond with the concrete.

The polystyrene plates arranged in rows and columns are arranged between them in such a way that a space is created between them, both vertically and horizontally. In the space created between them a metal structure in the shape of a ladder is placed (4, figure 3). This structure in the form of a ladder is formed by a metallic central element elongated in shape of zigzag (5, figure 4A), and two longitudinal rods (6, figure 4A). This structure forms a beam in the shape of? "(7, figure 4B).

Once the wall has been formed, the castle type structural elements (8, figure 5) are placed in part of the space generated by the flaps (3, figure 6). Two walls can be interconnected by the remaining part of the flaps (3, figure 7).

In each lower part of the wall, a chain of reinforcement (8a, figure 8 and 10) is placed in the longitudinal direction, as well as a foundation dentellon (9. Figure 8).

Both the walls and slabs are interconnected. The walls are attached to the floor by means of an excavation (10, figure 9) on a compacted platform (11, figure 9). In the excavation the dentellón of the wall is lodged (9, figure 9). The joint between a wall and a foundation slab (12, figure 9 and 10) is reinforced by means of reinforcing mesh brackets (13, figure 9 and 10).

Just as a foundation slab can be constructed, the invention also makes it possible to construct in the same way a slab of mezzanine or roof (14, figure 11), which is interconnected with a closing chain arranged longitudinally in the upper part of a roof. wall (15, figure 11) The slabs, like the walls, are composed of two meshes arranged one above the other (1a and 1b, figure 12) and in the space between them are placed a series of plates of expanded polystyrene of low density (2, figure 13) arranged in rows and columns across the entire surface of the mesh.

The polystyrene plates of the slabs are also arranged in rows and columns (2, figure 16) creating a space between them, where a pyramidal or triangular joist is placed, according to the needs of the work (17, figure 16). Said beams are formed by both longitudinal and transverse wires (18a and 18b, figure 17, respectively). At a certain distance determined by the work needs, an elongated structural element of square or rectangular shape is placed in place of the pyramidal or triangular joists (19, figure 18). On the other hand, the union between two slabs is carried out by means of structures called seam meshes (20, figure 19) On the other hand, when building a building can be formed perimeter walls (26, figure 21), intermediate walls (22, figure 20), foundation slabs (figure 23A) and slabs of mezzanine (21, figure 20). In this sense, the union between mezzanines and intermediate walls is carried out by means of structures called seam meshes (25, figure 20). In the same way, the walls are covered with a covering layer (24, figure 20), and the slabs are covered with a concrete compression layer (23, figure 21).

One foundation slab can be joined to another by means of pyramids or triangles (18a-18b, figures 22-23).

Both the walls and slabs with each of its components are filled with a mixture of any kind of concrete. As a result, it can be seen that the walls, slabs and other components of the system can be manufactured in a place conditioned for this purpose and free from inclement weather. With this, the time of building construction is reduced, as well as production costs. The present system allows the production at industrial level of walls of warehouses and complete walls already cast. The doors and windows are integrated once the placement of the walls and slabs has been completed.

Once the walls are cast, they are transported to the place where the property will be established. As can be seen in Figure 24, the two or more walls are interconnected by the vertical ribs (28, Figure 24A). This union can occur between two walls in the longitudinal direction (figure 28B) or between three walls in the perpendicular direction (figure 28C). For the installation of the roof (figure 24D), in the upper part of the walls there is a bracket type flange where the roof will rest (29, figure 24D). In this support there are a series of channels in the vertical direction in order to insert a clamping device between wall and ceiling.

This system can be combined with other construction elements, and the materials and dimensions of the components of the present invention can vary according to the needs of the user. It should also be understood that the best method for carrying out the invention in no way is limiting of the invention, and that multiple adaptations can be made without losing the concept of the invention. twenty

Claims (1)

1. A multi-structural system for walls and slabs, characterized in that it comprises: i) at least one wall panel composed of two meshes of square or rectangular shape formed by a series of interconnected and electrically welded wires in a horizontal and vertical direction in such a way as to form a series of square spaces and placed each mesh one above the other so that in the space between them is a series of plates of expanded polystyrene of low density arranged in rows and columns across the entire surface of the meshes and remaining a space in its horizontal sides as a point of interconnection between walls, ii) at least one foundation slab panel composed of two meshes of square or rectangular shape formed by a series of interconnected and electrowelded wires in horizontal and vertical direction in such a way that form a series of square spaces, and placed each mesh one above the other in a way that in the space between them a series of plates of expanded polystyrene of low density arranged in rows and columns through the entire surface of the meshes and leaving a space in their horizontal sides as a point of interconnection between foundation slabs; iii) at least one mezzanine slab panel composed of two meshes of square or rectangular shape formed by a series of interconnected and electrically welded wires in a horizontal and vertical direction in such a way that they form a series of square spaces, and each mesh is placed one by one on top of the other so that a series of expanded polystyrene plates are arranged in the space between them low density arranged in rows and columns across the entire surface of the meshes and leaving a space on its horizontal sides as interconnection point between mezzanine slabs; where the polystyrene plates are of rectangular geometric shape that have: a) a series of slits in the lower face, b) a series of enhancements in the upper face, c) a series of slits in the upper face, and d) a series of transversal perforations; wherein the polystyrene plates are arranged in rows and columns in such a way that a space is created between them, both vertically and horizontally; wherein the space created between the polystyrene plates of the wall panel is placed a metal structure in the form of a ladder formed by an elongated metal central element in a zigzag shape attached by each of its longitudinal sides to a longitudinal rod; where the space created between the polystyrene plates of the panel of the slab is placed a pyramidal or triangular joist; where the union between two walls is carried out in the location of the horizontal flaps by means of castle type structures; where each wall is connected by its longitudinal lower part to a string of rebar; wherein each stringer chain is connected by its longitudinal lower part to a foundation structure; where the walls are connected to a compacted platform by means of a longitudinal excavation as counterpart of the foundation structure; where the union between wall and slab is reinforced by means of reinforcing mesh squares; wherein a mezzanine slab is interconnected with a closing chain arranged longitudinally on the upper part of a wall; where a a square or rectangular shaped joist is placed between the foundation slabs or mezzanine; wherein the union between two slabs is carried out by means of structures called seam meshes; where the walls are covered by a layer of plaster; where the slabs are covered by a concrete compression layer.