MX2009012122A - Apparatus, method and system for measuring, monitoring and regulating the power consumed by users connected to a distribution transformer. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a concentrator apparatus for measuring, monitoring and regulating the power consumed by users connected to a distribution transformer, formed by at least a current intensity and voltage meter connected to each power supply line of each user, which is simultaneously connected to low voltage lines of the transformer; an electronic processor connected to the aforementioned meters in order to calculate data relating to the power consumption and load level of each user according to the individual measurements of voltage and current intensity; a first communication interface connected to the processor in order to transmit said data to a central control node and to receive commands therefrom for the processor; at least an impedance converter connected to a low-voltage tap of the transformer; at least a switch in each meter, which is connected to the user supply line, the low-voltage taps and the impedance converter; the processor is connected to the switches in order to command the same to switch the power supply line of a predetermined user from the low-voltage taps to the impedance converter.

Description

APPARATUS, METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING, SUPERVISING AND REGULATING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF USERS CONNECTED TO A TRANSFORMER OF DISTRIBUTION TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to remote control and measurement systems for the consumption of electrical energy by users connected to an electrical distribution network. More particularly, the invention relates to a concentrator apparatus, method and system for measuring, monitoring and regulating remotely the electrical energy consumption of users connected to a distribution transformer, wherein the regulation of users who have not paid their electric supply , they exceed their permitted load for their electrical installation or when there is a risk of failure in the transformer, it is carried out by switching their power supply line from the low voltage sockets of the transformer to an impedance converter, and vice versa once that this inconvenience has been corrected.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION At present, the electrical energy consumption of each user connected to an electrical distribution network can be monitored and measured remotely by using electronic voltage and current meters that calculate this consumption. Each electronic meter is located in the facilities of each user and is in remote communication with a central control node, which transfers all the information measured in order to have a centralized administrative control over the total and individualized consumption of electricity , among other parameters.

Some examples of electronic meters and remote control and measurement systems are described in the following patent documents: Tomas G. Edel, in his US Pat. No. 6,470,283 Bl, describes a self-powered non-contact meter consisting of a capacitive voltage sensor and a current sensor of the current transformer type, which together collect the analog voltage signals and current of electric power being supplied through a power line. An electronic processor in connection with the capacitive voltage sensor and the current sensor calculates one or more parameters of electrical energy, for example, the consumption of electrical energy, from the analog signals of perceived electrical voltage and current and that previously they were converted to digital signals by an analog-digital converter. The meter has a wireless transceiver to send the information of the calculated electrical parameters to a central node.

Simon H. Lightbody, et al. , in US Pat. No. 7,4175.58, describe an intelligent electronic measuring device composed of an analogue voltage sensor, a similar current sensor, which together perceive the analog voltage and current signals of the energy electrical being supplied to the user through a power line. An electronic processor in connection with the analog voltage sensor and the analog current sensor calculates one or more parameters of electrical energy, for example, the consumption of electrical energy, from the perceived voltage and current analog signals and that previously they were converted to digital signals by an analog-digital converter. The meter has a wireless transmitter to send, through data packet technology, the information calculated to a central node, for which in turn has an antenna protected with a cabinet that does not interfere with the communication signals and that at the same time protects the same intelligent electronic measurement device.

One of the disadvantages of the meters described in the above patents is that it only sends the calculated information to the central node, but by itself or by means of an order from the central node it can not provide some kind of local control with respect to the power supply line. user electric power, for example, can not carry out the disconnection of the power line when the user has not paid their consumption or is outside the contracted parameters. Likewise, a very dispersed network composed of a large plurality of meters is formed in communication with a central node, so there is a risk of communication links falling and therefore loss of information, or that certain meters are not within communication reach. the central node, for which it is required that said meters sometimes act as a backup of information and as a communication interface of nearby meters towards the central node.

On the other hand, Sayre A. Swarztrauber, et al. , in the publication of the Mexican patent application MX / a / 2008/007018, describe an apparatus for the measurement of electrical energy of multiple phase users, which is formed by a measuring head operable to measure the electrical energy consumption of multiple electric power supply lines of a plurality of users; an operable transmitter-receiver for transmitting data received from the measuring head through an electrical line (PLC) communication to a remote computer and transmitting the received data through communications by the electric line from the remote computer to the measuring head; and an operable load control module to connect and Disconnect each of the users' electric power supply line by using a plurality of relays.

The above-described measuring apparatus provides a solution to the drawback of having a very dispersed network of meters in communication with a central node by concentrating a group of meters in a single apparatus which in turn has a single transmitter-receiver to interact With the central node, making a better distributed communication network, however, it has the limitation that the communication with the central node is carried out by means of communication by the electric line or PLC, which is why the same network is required. distribution is enabled in this sense to be able to make a communication between the plurality of devices and the central node. On the other hand, this measuring device promotes local and remote control in real time over the user's power supply line, however, it makes a complete disconnection of the user's electric power supply line in the event of a payment or consumption inconvenience. no opportunity to establish a communication with it or to allow a limited supply of electrical power to the user.

In order to solve the problems encountered, it is necessary to offer an apparatus, system and method that allows concentrating a plurality of electronic meters in a single device that is placed adjacently or co-located to a distribution transformer for the purpose of to measure, monitor and regulate the electrical energy consumption of one or more users connected to the transformer, to maintain a communication with a central node and to supply an electrical voltage and the current intensity decreased under the determination that the user has exceeded its consumption of electric power, its level of electric charge or when, there is a risk of failure in the transformer, this with the purpose of establishing and maintaining contact with the user through a terminal. , SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a concentrator apparatus for measuring, monitoring and regulating the electric power consumption of users connected to a distribution transformer, the apparatus is formed by at least one electric voltage meter and current intensity connected to each one. of the power lines of each user that are connected to low-voltage sockets of the distribution transformer; an electronic processor in connection with the electric voltage and current intensity meters to calculate the electric power consumption and the load level of each of the users based on individual voltage and current measurements; a first communication interface in connection with the electronic processor for transmitting power consumption data and load level to a central control node and receiving commands from the central control node for the electronic processor; at least one impedance converter connected to at least one low voltage outlet of the distribution transformer; at least one switch connected to each of the user's power lines, to the low voltage outlets and to the impedance converter; and where the electronic processor is in connection with the switches to sort the. switching of the power line of a particular user between the low voltage outlets and the impedance converter.

It is also an object of the present invention to offer a method for measuring, monitoring and regulating the electric power consumption of users connected by power lines to a distribution transformer, the method has the steps of measuring electrical voltage and current intensity of each one of the power lines of each user that is connected to low voltage sockets of the distribution transformer; calculate electric power consumption and load level of each user according to the measurements of electrical voltage and current intensity * individual; transmit data of electric power consumption and load level calculated to a central control node; determine that a certain user has exceeded their electric power consumption b their allowed electric charge level; and increase impedance for the power supply line of a certain user when switching the power supply line of the low voltage sockets to an impedance converter to decrease the electric voltage and the current intensity supplied to the user, under the determination that the user has exceeded its electric power consumption or its allowed electric charge level.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a system for measuring, monitoring and regulating remotely the electrical energy consumption of users connected by power lines to distribution transformers, the system is composed of a central control node; and one or more concentrating devices for measuring, monitoring and regulating the electric power consumption of users connected to a distribution transformer; wherein the concentrator apparatus is in remote communication with the central control node in turn is formed by at least one meter of electrical voltage and current intensity connected to each one of the power lines of each user that are connected to sockets of low voltage of the distribution transformer; an electronic processor in connection with the voltage and electric current meters to calculate the electric power consumption and the load level of each of the users as a function of the individual voltage and current measurements; a first communication interface in connection with the electronic processor to transmit power consumption data and load level to a central control node and receive from | central control node orders for the electronic processor; at least one impedance converter connected to at least one low voltage outlet of the distribution transformer; at least one switch connected to each of the user's power lines, to the low voltage outlets and to the impedance converter; and wherein the electronic processor is in connection with the switches to command the switching of the power supply line of a particular user from between the low voltage sockets and the impedance converter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The characteristic details of the invention are described in the following paragraphs in conjunction with the accompanying figures, which are for the purpose of defining the invention but without limiting the scope thereof.

Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system for remotely monitoring and controlling parameters of electrical power supplied to one or more users connected by individual power lines to low voltage outlets of a. distribution transformer connected to a high voltage network, the system according to the invention.

Figure 2 illustrates a block diagram of a central control node according to the invention.

Figure 3 illustrates a perspective view of a single-phase pole-type distribution transformer with a co-located concentrator apparatus according to the invention.

Figure 4 shows the interior of the protection box of Figure 3 showing the concentrator apparatus co-located to the distribution transformer according to the invention.

Figure 5 illustrates a structure in block diagram of. a concentrator apparatus according to the invention.

Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment of an impedance converter according to the invention.

Figures 7A and 7B illustrate an external representation and a block diagram of a management and services terminal according to the invention.

Figure 8 shows the flow diagram of a method for sending messages from a central control node to a network of concentrator devices according to the invention.

Figure 9 shows the flow diagram of a method for receiving messages, in a central control node, from a network of concentrator devices according to the invention.

Figure 10 shows the flow diagram of a method for sending messages from a concentrator apparatus to a central control node according to the invention.

Figure 11 shows the flow chart of a method for receiving messages, in a concentrator apparatus, from a central control node according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION According to Figure 1, which illustrates a block diagram of a system for remotely monitoring and controlling parameters of electric power consumption supplied to one or more users connected by individual power lines to low voltage sockets of a power transformer. distribution connected to a high voltage network. A system 10, within an electrical power distribution network, is formed by a plurality of distribution transformers 20 connected to an electric power distribution network 30, where each distribution transformer 20 in turn has its connections connected to low voltage (not shown) one or more users 40 through power lines 50. Connected to the power lines 50, co-located or adjacent to each distribution transformer 20, there is a concentrator apparatus 60 with a first remote communication interface to a central control node 70 via a telecommunications network 65 with Internet access 75. Alternatively, each hub apparatus 60 may include a second communication interface to a management and service terminal 90 located at each user's premises 40 and / or a third local communication interface to a portable terminal 95 carried by an operator of the electricity supplier company.

The distribution transformer 20, illustrated in this embodiment, is of the pole type, however, it can be any type of distribution transformer, for example, pedestal or submerged transformer, either three-phase, single-phase, dry or submerged in oil.

Each concentrator apparatus 60 continuously, discontinuously or punctually measures parameters of the electric power supplied through the supply line 50 to each user 40 for the purpose of controlling quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the electric power supply. The measured parameters can be, for example, the current intensity and the electrical voltage to obtain the electric power consumption or load level of the user's electrical installation. This information is stored and / or processed locally and then sent in data messages to the central control node 70, to the management and service terminal 90 or to the portable terminal 95, upon remote request (by an order from the control node central 70) or in situ (by an order from the management and service terminal 90 or from the portable terminal 95) or under the occurrence of an event in the same concentrator apparatus 60. Likewise, the concentrator apparatus 60 has at least one impedance converter (not shown) connected to at least one low voltage outlet of the distribution transformer 20.

The information of the parameters of the electrical energy measured by the concentrator apparatus 60 can be processed locally by the same concentrator apparatus 60 or be sent to the central control node 70 or to the portable terminal 95 for analysis and interpretation. The information processed, either locally (concentrator apparatus 60) or remotely (central control node 70 or portable terminal 95), allows decisions to be made regarding whether or not to alter the energy impedance. electric supply to one or more users 40 to regulate the electric flow and therefore decrease the electric voltage and the current intensity supplied, under the determination that the user 40 has exceeded his electric power consumption, his electric charge level has been exceeded allowed, or there is a risk of failure in the distribution transformer. This decision can be taken and executed automatically by the same concentrator device 60 or executed by the concentrator device 60 when receiving from the central control node 70 or from the portable terminal 95 a data message with a signal for ordering the switching of users. from its power line 50 to the impedance converter (not shown).

In an alternative embodiment, the impedance converter (not shown) may be inside the distribution transformer 20 and which in turn would have an additional outlet for the concentrator apparatus 60 to be able to connect to it.

In another alternative embodiment, the concentrator apparatus 60 has a sensor interface in connection with one or more sensors located inside or outside the distribution transformer 20. Said sensors (not shown) perceive operating conditions of the transformer itself, such as oil temperature, winding temperature, ambient temperature, oil level, vibrations, etc. The information perceived by each sensor with respect to the operating conditions of the distribution transformer 20 is stored or processed locally by the concentrator apparatus 60 and then sent in data messages to the central control node 70 or to the portable terminal. 95, upon remote request (by an order from the central control node 70) or on-site (by an order from the portable terminal 95) or under the occurrence of a previously programmed event or automatically on the same device 60. The information received in the central control node 70 or in the portable terminal 95 is analyzed and interpreted for making decisions that can subsequently be executed by the concentrator apparatus 60 upon receipt of data messages with one or more supervision, programming and / or control commands from the central control node 70 or of the portable terminal 95.

The concentrator apparatus 60 has a first wireless or wired remote communication interface 100 served by the telecommunications network 65 preferably of data packet technology to access the Internet 75 network in order to send and / or receive data messages to and from the central control node 70. Examples of wireless communication technology that may be employed by the first remote communication interface 100 are General Radio Packet Service, Enhanced Data Rates for the Evolution of GSM, Division Multiple Access. Code 2000, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, Freedom of Multimedia Mobile Access, Multiple Broadband Code Division Access, Synchronous CDMA Technology by Time Division, High Speed Packet Downlink Access, High Speed Packet Ascending Access, Radio Frequency (RFiD), IEEE 802.15.4 interface. and its combinations.

The central control node 70 is located at a distance from the concentrator devices 60 and can be located centrally or distributed in a building or office. The central control node 70 has at least one communication interface 110 to the Internet network 75 by which it transmits data messages with orders of supervision, programming and / or control to the plurality of concentrator devices 60, or by which also receives data message in response to transmitted data messages or data messages with information containing reports generated by the same local control units 60. The communication interface 110 can be wireless or wired.

The management and service terminal 90 can be used so that the user 40 receives and displays information, for example, information regarding their electric power consumption, level of charge allowed, alarms or messages from their electric power supplier.; or through this, the user 40 may request information from the concentrator apparatus 60, or request information or a service from the central control node 70, such as purchasing prepaid Kw-hour electric power or temporarily disconnecting his power line fifty.

The portable terminal 95, which may be a digital personal assistant, a portable computer or a portable digital assistant, may be used by an operator or supervisor of the electric power supply company to request on-site, to the concentrator apparatus 60, relative information to the power supply conditions of the users 40 (for example, the power consumption or load level of one or more users 40) or operating conditions of the distribution transformer 20 (for example, the temperature) and can even transmit orders to the concentrator apparatus 60 for carrying out a certain operation with respect to the supply line 50 of one or more users 40, for example, ordering the switching of a particular user 40 from his power line 50 to an impedance converter (which is described below) to limit the electric service to said user, either for reasons of non-payment, maintenance, when his c The consumption of electrical energy has been exceeded in a "certain period or 'when a maximum load limit of the permitted electrical installation is exceeded.

Figure 2 shows a block diagram embodiment of a central control node according to the present invention. The central control node 70 includes one or more communication interfaces 110 to the Internet network 75, one or more local access interfaces 120, one or more remote access interfaces 130 through the Internet 75 network, a control module of events 140, an application module 150, a protocol interpretation module 160, a message sending / receiving module 170, a database of concentrator devices 180, event database 190 and a report database 200.

Through the local access interface 130, which can be a computer, terminal or a personal digital assistant, the general administrator can schedule events to be performed and enter update information for the different databases, or request execution in time actual supervision, programming and / or control commands for the concentrator devices 60.

In an alternative embodiment, one or more electric power distributors, whose networks are being remotely monitored and controlled by the central control node 70, can schedule events to be performed and enter update information for the different data bases, or request the execution Real-time monitoring, programming and / or control commands for the concentrator devices 60 through the remote access interface 130 which can be an open Internet interface 75 that can be accessed through a WEB page.

The central control node 70 through the event control module 140 determines when it is necessary to transmit data messages with supervision, programming and / or control commands to the concentrator devices 60 based on events programmed by the administrator or electric power distributors and stored in the event database 190. The event control module 140 usually uses a calendar clock to carry out time control for this purpose. of the scheduled events.

An example of the data structure, from the event database 190, is shown below in Table 1. The data shown is for demonstration purposes only.

Table 1 The information introduced or the information generated, previously programmed, is collected by the application module 150 and transferred to the protocol interpreter module 160 indicating the action to be performed.

The protocol interpreter module 160 structures the information collected by the application module 150 in a message format according to the communication protocol established between the central control node 70 and the local control unit 60 For the case in which the action to be performed is to transmit a data message to the concentrating devices 60, the protocol interpreting module 160, once the data message is structured, transfers the structured data message to the message sending / receiving module. 170 The message sending / receiving module 170 encapsulates in one or more data packets the structured message conforming, for example, to the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), so that it can be sent through the communication interface 110 to the network of Internet 75 to at least one concentrator apparatus 60 associated with the event. In order to be able to send the data message, the message sending / receiving module 170 extracts, from the concentrator device database 180, the information corresponding to. Access Point Name (APN) corresponding to the operator of the telecommunications network that provides service to the communication interface of the concentrator device 60 and the respective directory number.

The concentrator apparatus database 180 is formed based on the addresses of each of the concentrator apparatuses 60 which are monitored and controlled and which in an alternative embodiment can be classified by electric power distributors. Said database also includes information relating to the APN associated with the operator of the telecommunications network that serves the remote communication interface 100 of such concentrator devices 60. The database of concentrator devices 180 may be located within the node of central control 70 or separately from it.

An example of the data structure, of the concentrator apparatus database 180, is shown below in Table 2. The data shown is for demonstration purposes only.

Table 2 Continuously the message sending / receiving module 170 determines whether one or more data messages' coming from one or more concentrating devices 60 of one or more electric power distributors have been received through the interface to the Internet network 75, that is, the message sending / receiving module 170 detects when a data message has been received to proceed to extract the contained information so that it can be interpreted by the protocol interpreter module 160.

The message sending / receiving module 170 transfers the content of the message to the protocol interpreting module 160, which proceeds to interpret the content of the message according to the communication protocol established between the central control node 70 and the network of units of communication. local control 60.

The protocol interpreter module 160 transfers the data message content already interpreted to the application module 150, which proceeds to structure the information in a way that can be interpreted both by the general administrator or the electric power distributors in the form of statistical reports , accounting or administrative 210 that can be displayed on the screens of their terminals, printed and / or stored in a database of 200 reports.

An example of the data structure, of the report database 200, is shown below in Table 3. The data shown is for demonstration purposes only.

Table 3 Turning now to Figures 3, a perspective view of a pole-type distribution transformer with a co-located concentrator apparatus according to the invention is illustrated. The distribution transformer 20 is formed by a tank 21, high voltage sockets 22, low voltage sockets (not shown) and a protective box 23 that houses and protects a concentrator device inside (not shown). The tank 21 houses at least one core, windings and possibly coolant liquid (not shown). The high voltage outlets 22 are usually located on the transformer cover and have insulating nozzles. The low voltage terminals (not shown) are usually located on the side of the tank 21, have insulated nozzles and are also protected by the protective box 23.

The protective box 23 is an integral part of the tank 21 or can be found attached to the tank 21 by means of screws, welding, rivets or any other means of restraint, in such a way that it also protects the low voltage terminals inside it ( not shown). The protective box 23 is made, for example, of steel material with anticorrosive coating, which is defined by four side walls 24 joined together, a front door 25 with lock for accessing the interior and a rear wall (not shown) ) joined to the side walls 24 and formed by the same tank 21 or by an additional plate. The protection box 23 includes at least one opening 26 in the form of a slot or orifice that allows the entry and / or exit of cables forming each of the power lines for the users (not shown).

In an alternative embodiment, one or more impedance converters (not shown) can be housed inside the tank 21 of the distribution transformer 20, each connected in parallel and inside the tank 21 to the base of each of the low voltage sockets representing the phases (not shown), in such a way that by means of another insulating nozzle connected to the impedance converter (not shown) and coming out of the tank 21 one could have access to said impedance converter (not shown) Figure 4 shows the interior of the protection box of Figure 3 showing the concentrator apparatus co-located to the distribution transformer according to the invention. Inside the protection box 23, concentrator apparatus 60 is included formed by a contact bar 29, switches 32, an impedance converter 61, voltage and current intensity meters 34 and a first remote communication interface 100.

The contact bar 29 is interconnected to the low voltage outlets 28, through the connections 27, and to an impedance converter 61, through the connections 31. The contact bar 29 provides a better distribution of the users using the distribution transformer 20 and allows for better control and administration of legal users of the electricity network.

The impedance converter 61 is preferably of the coil type and is in turn connected to one of the low voltage sockets 28 of the distribution transformer 20.

In this embodiment, the connection of the low voltage sockets 28 is made by the upper part of the contact bar 29, and the connection of the impedance converter 61 is made by the lower part thereof; while the connection of the power lines 50 to the users (not shown) is made by cables connected by the bottom part or by the side part of the contact bar 29. It is worth mentioning that this configuration of the contact bar 29 represents an alternative embodiment, which may vary according to the needs, shape and size of the protection box 23, location of the low voltage outlets 28, among other parameters.

The connections 27 and 31, and the contact rods 29 are placed on a plate 33, usually made of dielectric material or other material that allows adequate operation, attached to the rear wall of the protection box 23.

Each of the user's power lines 50 are preferably insulated cables with anti-fraud protection, for example, concentric spiral type cables consisting of a copper or aluminum wire or cable, with thermoplastic insulation, concentrically surrounded by a neutral based on bare copper or aluminum wires, arranged in helical form, and a thermoplastic cover. These power lines 50 are connected to the low voltage sockets 28 of the distribution transformer 20 and to the impedance converter 61 via the contact bar 29 and by means of switches 32 mounted on the same contact bar 29. These switches 32 once activated, they allow switching the power line 50 of a particular user between the low voltage sockets 28 and the impedance converter 61 and vice versa. Each switch 32 can be operated by a signal generated by the same concentrator apparatus 60 or by order received remotely in the concentrator apparatus 60 from a central control node (not shown) In the power lines 50, at least one electric voltage and current intensity meter 34 is connected electrically to measure continuously, discontinuously or punctually parameters of the electric power supplied through each power line 50 to each user of the power supply. distribution transformer 20. The concentrator apparatus 60 has the first wireless or wired remote communication interface 100 for transmitting and / or receiving information to or from a central control node (not shown).

In an alternative embodiment, the concentrator apparatus 60 has a sensor interface in connection with one or more sensors 35, eg, temperature sensor, vibration sensor, oil level sensor, connected to the distribution transformer 20, such as so that the information perceived by said sensors, with respect to the operating conditions of the distribution transformer 20, is locally processed by the same concentrator apparatus 60 or is transmitted remotely to a central control node (not shown) for analysis and evaluation.

Now in Figure 5, a block diagram structure of a concentrator apparatus according to the invention is illustrated. The concentrator apparatus 60 is generally formed in the form of one or more electronic boards interconnected and powered by one or more transformers and rectifiers (not shown) and which are contained in a cabinet-like structure co-located or adjacent to a distribution transformer. The concentrator apparatus 60 consists of one or more impedance converters 61, one or more electronic processors 400, one or more voltage and current meters 410, one or more sensor interface modules 440, one or more programmable memories 450, one or more application modules 460, a protocol interpreter 470, a send / receive module 480, a calendar-clock 490, a battery 495, at least a first remote communication interface 100, at least a second communication interface to terminal 500, at least one third local communication interface 510, and one or more sensors 515.

Each meter, of voltage and current 410 is in turn composed of one or more controllers 430 in connection with one or more voltage and current sensors 420, with one or more switches 32 and with one or more programmable memories 415. And each meter, of voltage and current 410 is associated with a user of the distribution transformer in particular according to the following Table 4 stored in a programmable memory 450.

Table 4 The voltage and current sensors 420 condition the signals of the voltage and current variables of the electric power supplied, using, for this, voltage transformers and current transformers respectively, and serve to perceive and measure the electrical voltage and current current of the electric power supplied through the power line 50 to the user. The measurements of electrical voltage and current intensity are processed by the controller 430 to continuously or discontinuously calculate the user's electric power consumption and voltage level and these calculations are stored in the programmable memory 415. í Each switch 32 is in connection with one of the phases of the low voltage outlets 28 of the distribution transformer, with the user's power line 50. and with at least one impedance converter 61. The controller 430 allows the switching operation of the switch 32, in such a way that the user power line 50 is switched between the low voltage outlets 28 of the distribution transformer and the power converter. impedance 61. The controller 430 continuously. are updating in the programmable memory 415 the switching state stored by the switch 32, that is, if the switch 32 is establishing connection of the power line 50 with the low voltage outlets 28 or with the impedance converter 61. This with the purpose of the concentrator apparatus 60 having control over the action executed or to be executed with respect to said switches 32.

The electronic processor 400 is in connection with each of the voltage and current meters 410 through its controller 430, with the sensor interface module 440, with the programmable memories 450, with the application module 460, with the protocol interpreter 470, with the send / receive module 480, with the calendar clock 490, with the first remote communication interface 100, with the second local communication interface 500, with the third communication interface to terminal 510 and with the 515 sensors.

The electronic processor 400 extracts, either continuously or discontinuously, the user's electrical power consumption and load level information stored in the programmable memory 415 of each voltage and current meter 410 through the controller 430. Blister The information is processed by the electronic processor 400 to calculate the total consumption of electric power supplied to all the users of the distribution transformer and the total charge level and said calculations are stored in the programmable memory 450. Thus, the Alternatively, the electronic processor 400 stores in the programmable memory 450, as a backup, the information extracted from each of the programmable memories 415 of each of the electric voltage and current meters 410.

The sensor interface module 440 is in connection with the interfaces of the connector sensors 35 or forming part of the distribution transformer, for example, a temperature sensor, a vibration sensor, an oil level sensor, etc. which are connected to the distribution transformer (not shown).

The application module 460 extracts from the programmable memory 450 the information data generated by the electronic processor 400 or by the voltage and current meters 410, as well as the information of the interface module to sensors 440, and transfers them to the interpreter of protocol 470 indicating the action to be performed.

The protocol interpreter 470 structures the information collected by the application module 460 in a data message format according to the protocol of. communication established between the network of concentrator devices 60 and the central control node (not shown).

By the second communication interface to terminal 500 a structured data message can be received, coming from a management terminal (not shown) located with the user, to be sent to his electric power supplier.

The message structured by the protocol interpreter 460 or the message structured by the management terminal (not shown) is transferred to the send / receive module 480, which encapsulates the message in one or more data packets. structured and transmits it remotely to the central control node (not shown) through the first remote communication interface 100. To achieve sending the packed data message to the central control node (not shown), depending on the destination of the message , the send / receive module 480 extracts, from a programmable memory 450, the information corresponding to the APN or Uniform Resource Locator (URL) corresponding to the central control node (not shown).

In the case of reception of a data message from the central control node (not shown) through the first remote communication interface 100 and the send / receive module 480, it proceeds to do the following: if the message of data received is for the concentrator apparatus 60, then the send / receive module 480 extracts the information contained in the received message and transfers it to protocol interpreter 470; in the case that the received message is for the management terminal (not shown) of one or more users, then the sending / receiving module 480 transfers it to the management terminal (not shown) through the second communication interface to terminal 500.

The protocol interpreter 470 interprets the content of the data message according to the communication protocol established between the network of concentrator devices 60 and the central control node (not shown), whereby the interpreted information is transferred to the application module 460 so that the electronic processor 400 proceeds to indicate to the controller 430 of a given voltage and current meter 410 the corresponding action to be performed according to the instruction of the received data message.

The application module 460 interprets the commands and information contained in the messages received through remote communication interface 100 and that come from the central control node (not shown). Such commands and information is converted by the application module 460 into information that can be interpreted by the electronic processor 400 and by the controllers 430 of the electric voltage and current meters 410 or the sensor interface modules 440.

In case the received message orders changes in the operating parameters of the concentrator device 60, the application module 460 proceeds to update one of the programmable memories 450 with the new information received in the message, for example, date and time of execution of the message. report, link address to the central control node, or any other information that serves as an operation parameter of the concentrator apparatus 60. Such updated operation parameters in the programmable memories 450 are used by the concentrator apparatus 60 to carry out the operation adequate The clock-calendar 490 continuously controls the scheduled events calendar in one of the programmable memories 450, and under the determination of the occurrence of one of them, then instructs the application module 460 to proceed with the appropriate action, for example, send the report of the measurements of 10:00 am. The calendar clock 490 is in connection with the battery 495 to guarantee its operation and updating in case of lack of electrical power in the concentrator apparatus 60.

The first remote communication interface 100 is used to establish the exchange of information remotely with a central control node (not shown) by means of the transmission and / or reception of data messages. The first remote communication interface 100 is served by one or more wired or wireless telecommunications networks with data packet technology, for example, General Radio Packet Service, Enhanced Data Rates for the Evolution of GSM, Division Multiple Access of Code 2000, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, Freedom of Multimedia Mobile Access, Broadband Code Division Multiple Access, Synchronous CDMA Technology by Time Division, Downlink-Packet Access at High Speed, Upward Access of Packs to High Speed, Radio Frequency (RFiD), IEEE 802.15.4 interface. and combinations of one or more telecommunications network operators. The first remote communication interface 100 can be a cellular telephony unit with data transmission and reception capacity or simply "consisting of basic circuitry that allows the transmission and reception of data by wireless networks.

The second communication interface 500 in connection with the electronic processor 400 allows data to be transmitted of the user's electric power consumption, the level of user load, alarm messages and information messages generated by the electronic processor 100 or received from the node of the user. central control (not 'shown) to a management and service terminal (not shown) located with the user. The second communication interface 500 is, for example, data communication by power lines (PLC), broadband device by electric power lines (BPL), Bluetooth interface, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) interface, Radio Frequency Identification (RFiD), IEEE 802.15.4 interface and its combinations.

The third communication interface 510 in connection with the electronic processor 100. It allows to transmit power consumption data, upon request, to a portable terminal (not shown) wired or wirelessly connected to the apparatus concentrator 100 and to receive from the portable terminal (not shown) orders for the electronic processor 100. The third communication interface 510 is, for example, a USB port, an RS-232 port, an RS-485 port, an Ethernet port, an LPT parallel port, a TCP-IP interface, a Firewire interface, a Bluetooth interface, an Infra-Red Direct Access (IrDA) interface, a Radio Frequency Identification Interface (RFID), a Hiperlan-2 interface, an interface of HomeRF, an X.10 interface, a PS-2 interface, a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) interface, an IEEE 802.11b interface, an IEEE 802.11 interface, an IEEE 802.15.4 interface, an IEEE 802 interface with protocols standardized or communication owners and their combination.

The sensors 515 are continuously monitoring in real time the occurrence of problems or conditions of internal faults of the concentrator apparatus 60, as they are, for example, open cabinet, fault in impedance converter, presence of humidity, power failure, some Communication interface dropped, circuitry malfunctioning or combinations of them.

One of the programmable memories 450 in communication with the electronic processor 400 stores continuously or discontinuously the electric power consumption of each user connected to the distribution transformer (not shown), a total consumption of electrical energy by all users, a maximum limit of electric charge allowed to each user and a maximum limit of electricity consumption per user for a certain period.

On the other hand, another programmable memory 450 can store alarm messages for the users, in such a way that the electronic processor 400 sends the alarm message to the user at a time prior to the power consumption electric and / or user load reaches the maximum limit of electric power consumption for the user and / or the maximum load limit allowed for the user. These limit parameters have been previously programmed in one of the programmable memories 450.

The programmable memories can be programmed remotely from the central control node (not shown) or locally from a portable terminal wired or wirelessly to the concentrator apparatus 61 through the third communication interface 510.

The electronic processor 400 commands one or more controllers 430 of the electric voltage and current meters 410 to switch the user's power line 50 from the low voltage sockets 28 of the distribution transformer (not shown) to the impedance converter 61 to alter the impedance of the electric power supplied to the user, decreasing the electric voltage and the current intensity supplied to said user, under the determination in the electronic processor 400 that the user has exceeded his electric power consumption or his electric charge level allowed , or upon receiving from the central control node (not shown) a signal to command the switching of the user's power lines 50 from the low voltage sockets 28 to the impedance converter 61. To determine said action, the electronic processor 400 compares Real-time power consumption or load level per user measured, for each measured electric voltage and current 410 with the maximum limit of electric power consumption for the user and / or the maximum load limit allowed for the user that have been previously programmed in one of the programmable memories 450.

The electronic processor 400 also commands all controllers 430 of the electric voltage and current meters 410 to switch all the power lines 50 of the users of the low voltage sockets 28 to the impedance converter 61, under the determination of a risk of failure in the distribution transformer (not shown) as a function of the operating parameters of the transformer, or when receiving from the central control node (not shown) a signal to command the switching of all power lines 50 of the tap user from low voltage 28 to impedance converter 61.

An impedance converter 61 is connected for each phase of the sockets. low voltage 28, that is, in the case of a single-phase distribution transformer, two impedance converters 61 will be connected (one for each phase) and in the case of a three-phase distribution transformer, three impedance converters 61 will be connected (one for each phase) . As seen in Figure 6, each impedance converter 61 consists of at least one winding 62 optionally wound on a core 63 forming a reactor type, with a first terminal 64 which is connected to one of the phases of the low voltage sockets 28 of the distribution transformer and a second terminal 65 which is connected to each of the switches' 32 of the voltage and current meters 410. In turn, each impedance converter 61 may be immersed in oil inside a container ( not shown) which in turn may be inside the concentrator apparatus 60 or the distribution transformer (not shown). The impedance converter 61 has an impedance (Zs) different from the nominal impedance of the distribution transformer.

When the power line 50, of a particular user, is in direct connection with the low voltage sockets 28 of the distribution transformer, the electric voltage supplied to the user's load (VL) is equal to the electric voltage of the source ( Vs), that is, the electrical voltage supplied through the low voltage sockets 28 of the distribution transformer; while the intensity of current supplied to the circuit (Is) is given by the ratio between the electric voltage of the source (Vs) and the impedance of the user's load (ZL); well then: VL = Vs On the other hand, when the supply line 50 of a certain user is in direct connection with at least one impedance converter 61 which in turn is connected to the distribution transformer, the electric voltage supplied to the user's load (VL) is is decreased by virtue of an increase in circuit impedance by counting the circuit now with two impedances in series (load impedance of the user ZL and the impedance of the impedance converter Zs), while the current of the circuit (Is ) is now given by the relation between the electric voltage of the source (Vs) and the sum of the series impedances (Zs + ZL); well then: ZL VL = -Vs Zs + ZL Is - Zs + ZL Therefore, the electrical voltage is reduced from a nominal value (for example, 127 V) up to a marginal voltage value (for example, 10% of the nominal value), with this reduced voltage the electronic boards of the management and service terminal located in the user's premises can be powered, in such a way that the user can see on the screen of his terminal of management and service what was the cause of the reduction of electrical tension and consequently he can take actions to re-establish the service.

Also, the reason for limiting the current is so that when the user's devices receive a power supply lower than the nominal power supply, they do not consume too much current, since doing so can damage them.

Once the user who has exceeded their electric power consumption or their permitted charge level and who subsequently no longer exceeds their electric power consumption or has returned to their permitted charge level, then the electronic processor 400 commands the switches 32 involved, via the corresponding controllers 430, switch the power line 50 of the user of the impedance converter 61 to the. low voltage outlets 28 of the distribution transformer (not shown) to restore the normal impedance (ZL) of the user's power line.

On the other hand, the electronic processor 400 can also command all the switches 32, via the corresponding controllers 430, to switch all the power lines 50 of the users of the impedance converter 61 to the low voltage sockets (not shown), under the determination of the risk of failure in the distribution transformer (not shown) has been solved, or upon receiving from the central control node (not shown) a signal to command the switching of all power lines 50 · of the converter user of impedance 61 to low voltage sockets (not shown).

Figures 7A and 7B illustrate an external representation and a block diagram of a management and service terminal according to the invention. The management and service terminal 90, located in the user's premises, is in communication with the concentrator apparatus (not shown) through the second communication interface. In this embodiment of the invention, the management and service terminal 90 is formed by a control module 600 which is generally configured in the form of one or more interconnected printed circuit boards, which consist of an application module 610, an interpreter of service protocol 620, a send / receive module 630, a programmable memory 640, a display 650, a keypad 660, at least one communication interface 670, visual or auditory indicators 680 and a rectifier 690.

The application module 610 collects the information data entered through the 660 keyboard and transfers them to the service protocol interpreter 620 indicating the action to be performed.

The service protocol interpreter 620 structures the information collected by the application module 610 in a message format according to the communication protocol established between the management terminal and services 90 and the concentrator apparatus (not shown).

The management and service terminal 90 is in communication with the concentrator apparatus 60 via the communication interface 670, by which structured service management messages are received and sent to and from an electric power distributor.

The message structured by the service protocol interpreter 620 is transferred to the send / receive module 630, which transmits it to the concentrator apparatus 60 so that it in turn sends it to the central control node (not shown) of the power supplier electricity through its data communication interface. In order to achieve sending the structured message to the central control node of the electric power provider, depending on the destination of the message, the sending / receiving module 630 extracts, from the programmable memory 640, the information corresponding to the APN or Uniform Resource Locator. (URL) corresponding to the central control node of the electric power supplier as the case may be and indicates it to the concentrator apparatus 60 so that the latter sends it in turn to the central control node of the correct electric power supplier.

An example of the data structure, of the programmable memory 640, is shown below in Table 5. The data shown is for demonstration purposes only.

Table 5 The communication interface 670 in connection with the control module 600 allows to receive data on the user's electric power consumption, the level of user load, alarm messages and information messages generated or coming from the concentrator device (not shown). The 670 communication interface is, for example, data communication by power lines (PLC), broadband device by lines, electric power (BPL), Bluetooth interface, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) interface, Radio Frequency Identification (RFiD), IEEE 802.15.4 interface and its combinations.

In the case of receiving messages from an electric power supplier through a central control node, they arrive at the sending / receiving module 630 through the concentrator apparatus 60, in particular through the communication interface 670. The send / receive module 630 transfers the received message to the service protocol interpreter 620 which interprets the content of the message according to the communication protocol established between the management terminal and services 90 and the concentrator apparatus 60, so that the information interpreted is transferred to the application module 610 so that it proceeds, if so indicated, to display it on the screen 650 and alternatively the visual or auditory indicators 680 are activated to indicate by a sound or the lighting of a red or red light. another color the reception of information.

Such messages received in the management terminal and services 90 may indicate authorization or not of a requested service to any of the electric power providers, for example, KW-hour prepaid purchase. It is worth mentioning that the messages are supported by the management terminal and 90 services are discarded.

The management and service terminal 90 is powered by electric power through the rectifier 690 which in turn is connected to the user's power line.

In an alternative embodiment, the keypad 660 can be formed by at least two keys, a key to request information 661 and a key to request service reset 662. When the user presses the key to request information 661, the management terminal and service 90 requests from the concentrator apparatus (not shown) the information of electric power consumption in particular or information messages for said user, for which the concentrator apparatus proceeds to extract said information from its programmable memory and sends it, via one or more data messages, to the management terminal and services 90 that requested it so that it is subsequently displayed on the screen 650. On the other hand, when the power supply to the user is suspended for some reason, and the user believe that this situation has been solved and the supply of electric power has not been restored in a given period, the You can choose to press the key to request service reset 662, for which the terminal management and service terminal 90 requests the concentrator device (not shown) to verify if said service suspension condition has been remedied and if so proceed to the restoration of electricity supply to the user immediately that this is confirmed; it is worth mentioning that in order for the concentrator apparatus to re-establish the normal supply of electrical energy to the affected user, it must verify internally that the user's electrical parameters are within the limits and that a message has previously been received from the central control node to restore, impedance to the user. So, for example, when a user has had their supply voltage decreased due to the fact that it exceeded its charge level limit of its electrical installation, then the concentrator device sends an alert message to its management terminal and services 90 indicating this situation, so the user can choose to disconnect or turn off electrical appliances to reduce their load and then press the key to request service reset 662 for which the concentrator device verifies if the load level is within the limits and therefore restore the normal supply of electrical power to the user.

Now, returning to Figure 2 in conjunction with Figure 8 illustrating a flow diagram of the method for transmitting messages from a central control node to a network of concentrator devices according to the invention. The method starts-in step 700, where the general manager and / or the operators of the electric power providers introduce, through the local access interface 120 or the remote access interface 130 respectively, the supervision orders, programming and / or control for the concentrator devices 60 to be supervised and controlled remotely.

The general manager and / or operators can indicate, within their supervision orders entered, the network of concentrator devices 60 that should be the recipients of the supervision order, as well as indicate if this order is subject to a calendar event that initiates its sending, for example, if the order of supervision, programming and / or control must be sent at a certain time and / or date to all the concentrator devices 60 or only to a certain group of them or to one of them in specific.

Based on the foregoing, in step 710, it is determined whether the supervision, programming and / or control order is subject to a scheduled calendar event, so in the affirmative case, in step 720, said order is stored. monitoring in the event database 190 (see Table 1 described above). Otherwise, the supervision, programming and / or control order is stored temporarily and this is considered to be an immediate execution, as if a scheduled event will just happen.

Continuously, in step 730, the event control module 140 monitors in real time by a calendar clock the occurrence of events after comparing in the calendar event associated with the supervision order programming and / or control with the event occurred marked by the calendar clock, so, in step 740, it is determined that one or more events have occurred.

Under the determination that one or more scheduled events have occurred, the application module 150, in step 750, retrieves from the event database 190 or from the temporary memory the information of the order type of supervision, programming and / or or control, as well as the list of recipient concentrator devices of said order, so that such information is transferred to the protocol interpreter module 160 indicating the action to be performed based on the type of supervision, programming and / or control order.

Once the above is done, in step 760, the protocol interpreter module 160 structures the information of the monitoring order type into a message format according to the communication protocol established between the central control node 70 and the network of concentrator devices 60 and based on the type of supervision order, programming and / or control received from application module 150.

Table 6 shows an example of the generic structure of messages according to the communication protocol between the central control node 70 and the concentrator apparatus 60. Such a message structure is used by the protocol interpreter module 160 to structure the information coming from the 150 application module.

Generic Message Structure Message type Message content Type of message: 3 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter 000 Value not available 001 Notification to User 002 Change report delivery date-time 003 Change address for report delivery 004 Information request 005 Reset total counters 006 Reset user counters 007 Set limits to user 008 Information Report 009 Internal Fault Report 010 Corrected Failure Report 011 Change Confirmation 012 Increase, or Reset impedance to a user 013 Increase or Restore impedance to all the users 014 Values available for other types of messages 999 Table 6 Table 7 shows examples of the possible parameters contained in the field, content of the message of Table 6, which depend on the type of message to be sent or received both by the central control node 70 or by the network of concentrating devices 60, as applicable.

MESSAGE: 001 Notification to User Message used by the central control node to order the concentrator device to notify its users some information, for example, that the tariff for electricity consumption has changed.

Identifier of User Node Text of the notification Recipient control Central Control Node Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Central Allowed values: 0000 to the Central control node identifier, by 9999 example: AA01 A to Z Recipient User: 2 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 00 All users 01 User 1 02 User 2 03 User 3 04 User 4 05 User 5 06 User 6 07 User 7 08 User 8 09 User 9 10 User 10 11 User 11 12 User 12 13 to 99 Values available for other users Notification Text: 127 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: String Text message of the message to be Notified to the user MESSAGE: 002 Change Date-Delivery Time of Report Message used by the central control node to order the concentrator to change the date and time of the delivery of the information report.

Node Identifier Control 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Central ',' Allowed values: 0000 to the Central control node identifier, by 9999 example: AA01 A to Z Time: 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: HHMM New time when the report must be delivered by the supervised local control unit Format: HH: hour (00 to 23) MM: minutes (00 to 59) Start Date: 6 Characters Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: DDMMAA Start date of the delivery period of the report Format: DD: Day (01 to 31) MM: Month (01 to 12) AA: Year (00 to 99) End Date: 6 Characters Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: DDMMAA End date of the report delivery period Format: DD: Day (01 to 31) MM: Month (01 to 12) AA: Year (00 to 99) Change duration indicator: 1 Character Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 0 Temporary change with confirmation not required Permanent change with confirmation not required 2 Temporary change, confirmation of change required 3 Permanent change with confirmation of change required 4 to 9 Values available for other indicators MESSAGE: 003 Change Address for Report Delivery Message used by the central control node to order the hub device to change the destination address of its report.

Control Node Identifier 4 Characters Type: Central Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 0000 to the Central control node identifier, by 9999 example: AA01 A to Z Change duration indicator: 1 Character Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 0 Temporary change with confirmation not required 1 Permanent change with confirmation not required 2 Temporary change, confirmation of change required 3 Permanent change with confirmation of change required 4 to 9 Values available for other indicators Expiration date 6 Characters Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: DDMMYA Date of expiration of the change of address, valid only if the indicator of the change indicates temporary change Format: DD: Day (01 to 31) MM: Month (01 to 12) AA: Year (00 to 99) Type of address: 1 Character Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 0 Cell phone number 1 landline number 2 Message propagator address 3 Email address 4 to 9 Values available for other types of addresses Destination Address 14 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: Phone number or address of message or email propagator MESSAGE: 004 Information Request Message used by the central control node to order the concentrator device to generate a report, on demand, with the information requested.

Control Node Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Central Allowed values: 0000 to the Central control node identifier, by 9999 example: AA01 A to Z Amount of data requested 2 Characters Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 01 to 99 Number of information requests Type of 'requested information 2 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 00 Total consumption 01 Total load 02 Transformer temperature 03 Transformer oil level 04 Outside temperature 05 Vibrations in transformer 06 User consumption 1 07 Load user 1 08 User consumption 2 09 User load 2 10 User consumption 3 11 User load 3 12 User consumption 4 13 User load 4 14 User consumption 5 15 User load 5 16 User consumption 6 17 User load 6 18 User consumption 7 19 User load 7 20 User consumption 8 21 User load 8 22 User consumption 9 23 User load 9 24 User consumption 10 25 User load 10 26 to 99 Values available for other types of information requests MESSAGE: 005 Reset Total Counters Message used by the central control node to order the concentrator apparatus to reset its total counters.

Control Node Identifier 4 Characters Type: Central Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 0000 to the Central control node identifier, by 9999 example: AA01 A to Z Total energy consumption 1 Character Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 0 Unchanged 1 and start the total energy consumption meter of the transformer users 2 to 9 Values available for other types of indicators Total Load 1 Character Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 0 Unchanged 1 Reset total load counter connected to the transformer 2 to 9 Values available for other types of indicators Number of faults in 1 Characters Type: Parameter Optional Transformer Allowed values: No change Reset transformer failure number counter Values available for other types of indicators MESSAGE: 006 Reset User Counters Message used by the central control node to order the concentrator apparatus to reset the counters of a particular user.

Control Node Identifier 4 Characters Type: Central Mandatory Parameter 0000 to the Central control node identifier, by 9999 example: AA01 A to Z User ID 1 Character Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 00 Reserved 01 User 1 02 User 2 03 User 3 04 User 4 05 User 5 06 User 6 07 User 7 08 User 8 09 User 9 10 User 10 11 to 99 Values available for other types of indicators Power consumption 1 Character Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 0 Unchanged 1 Reset the user's energy consumption counter indicated 2 to 9 Values available for other types of indicators Total Load 1 Characters Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 0 Unchanged 1 and start the user's load counter indicated 2 to 9 Values available for another type of indicators MESSAGE: 007 Set Limits to User Message used by the central control node to order the concentrator apparatus to establish power consumption and load level limits for a particular user.

Control Node Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Central Allowed values: 0000 to 9999 Identifier of the central control node, for A to Z example: AA01 User ID 1 Character Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 00 Reserved 01 User 1 02 User 2 03 User 3 04 User 4 05 User 5 06 User 6 07 User 7 08 User 8 09 User 9 10 User 10 11 to 99 Values available for other types of indicators Limit of Energy Consumption 4 Characters Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 0000 to 9999 Value in kWh of the power consumption limit for the indicated user Allowed Load Limit 4 Characters Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 0000 to 9999 Value in kW of the power consumption limit for the indicated user MESSAGE: 008 Information Report Message used by the hub apparatus to send the requested information in response to the information request message received from the central control node.

Apparatus Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Concentrator Parameter Allowed values: 0000 to the Concentrator Device Identifier, for 9999 example: A23B A to Z Amount of data included 2 Characters Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 01 to 99 Number of information data included Type of information included 2 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 00 Total consumption 01 Total load 02 Transformer temperature 03 Transformer oil level 04 Outside temperature 05 Vibrations in transformer 06 User consumption 1 07 Load user 1 08 User consumption 2 09 User load 2 10 User consumption 3 11 User load 3 12 User consumption 4 13 User load 4 14 User consumption 5 15 User load 5 16 User consumption 6 17 User load 6 18 User consumption 7 19 User load 7 20 User consumption 8 21 User load 8 22 User consumption 9 23 User load 9 24 User consumption 10 25 User load 10 26 to 99 Values available for other types of information requests Information 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter (at least one) Allowed values: 0000 to the numerical value according to the type of 9999 information included MESSAGE: 009 Internal Fault Report Message used by the concentrator device to send an internal fault report to the central control node.

Apparatus Identifier Type of Internal Fault Concentrator Apparatus Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Concentrator ' Allowed values: 0000 to the Concentrator Device Identifier, for 9999 example: A23B A to Z Type of Internal Fault 2 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 00 Value not allowed 01 Open cabinet 02 Fault in impedance converter 03 Presence of humidity 04 Failure in first communication interface 05 Failure in second communication interface 06 Failure in third communication interface 07 Electrical power failure 08 Malfunction of circuitry 09 to 99 Values available for other types of failures MESSAGE: PIO Corrected Failure Report Message used by the hub device to notify the central control node that an internal fault has been corrected.

Phone Identifier Type of Internal Fault Public Corrected Apparatus Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Concentrator Allowed values: 0000 to the Concentrator Device Identifier, for 9999 example: A23B A to Z Type of Internal Fault 2 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 00 Value not allowed 01 Open cabinet 02 Fault in impedance converter 03 Presence of humidity 04 Failure in first communication interface 05 Failure in second communication interface 06 Failure in third communication interface 07 Failure of electrical power 08 Malfunction of circuitry 09 to 99 Values available for other types of corrected faults MESSAGE: Olí Confirmation of Change Message used by the concentrator device as confirmation to notify the central control node that a requested change has been made.

Phone Identifier Reason Why Not Change Indicator Public Made the Change Device Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Concentrator Allowed values: 0000 to the Concentrator Device Identifier, for 9999 example: A23B A to Z Change indicator 1 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 0 Unrealized change 1 Change made 2 to 9 Values available for other types of indicators Reason why 2 characters were not made Type: Parameter Optional Change Allowed values: 00 Value not allowed 01 Memory error 02 Malfunction of circuitry 03 to 99 Values available for other types of reasons MESSAGE: 012 Increase or Restore Impedance to a User Message used by the central control node to command the concentrator apparatus to increase the impedance or restore the normal impedance of a particular user.

Control Node Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Central Allowed values: 0000 to the Central control node identifier, by 9999 example: AA01 A to Z User ID 1 Character Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values :. 00 Reserved 01 User 1 02 User 2 03 User 3 04 User 4 05 User 5 06 User 6 07 User 7 08 User 8 09 User 9 10 User 10 11 to 99 Values available for another type of indicators Action 1 Character Type: Optional Parameter 0 Restore impedance to the user 1 Increase impedance to the user 2 to 9 Values available for another type of indicators MESSAGE: 013 Increase or Restore Impedance to all Users _ Message used by the central control node to order the concentrator apparatus to increase the impedance or restore the normal impedance of all users due to transformer failure or maintenance.

Control Node Identifier 4 Characters Type: Central Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 0000 to the Central control node identifier, by • 9999 example: AA01 A to Z Action 1 Character Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 0 Restore impedance to all users 1 Increase impedance to all users 2 to 9 Values available for another type of indicators Table 7 For example, in the event that the scheduled event corresponds to an order of supervision, programming and / or control whose action is "increase the impedance of the user 9 associated with the concentrator apparatus that has exceeded its power consumption", the application module 150 instructs the protocol interpreter module 160 to structure a message "Increase or Restore Impedance of a User", whereby the protocol interpreter module 160 proceeds to structure the information received based on tables 6 and 7 in the form of a string of characters, for example "012123091", where from left to right the "012" corresponds to the message type of Increase or Restore Impedance of a User, "123" corresponds to its' identifier as a central control node to identify itself with the concentrator apparatus 60 who goes to receive the message, the "09" corresponds to the identifier of the user to whom the impedance will be increased to limit the electric voltage, and finally the "1" corresponds to the action of increasing impedance to the user.

Once the message has been structured, the protocol interpreter module 160 transfers the structured message and the identifiers of the target devices 60 to the message sending / receiving module 170.

Having done the above, in step 770, for each of the identifiers of the received concentrator devices 60, the message sending / receiving module 170, in step 780, extracts, from the database of concentrating devices 180, the information corresponding to the APN corresponding to the operator of the telecommunications network that serves the first communication interface of the concentrator apparatus 60 and the respective directory number associated therewith (see Table 2 described above).

Once the information is extracted, in step 790, the message sending / receiving module 170 proceeds to encapsulate in one or more data packets the message structured according to a data packaging protocol, for example, the HTTP Protocol.

Finally, in step 800, the message sending / receiving module 170 sends the message encapsulated in data packets, through the interface to the Internet network 70, to the associated APN corresponding to the operator of the telecommunications network that gives service to the first communication interface of the concentrator apparatus 60 associated with the event.

Now changing to Figure 2 in conjunction with Figure 9, which shows the flow diagram of a method for receiving messages, in a central control node, from a network of concentrator devices according to the invention. The method starts at step 810 where the message sending / receiving module 170 continuously determines whether one or more messages from data packets coming from one or more concentrator devices 60 have been received through the interface to the Internet network 75. , that is, the message sending / receiving module 170 continuously detects when a data packet message has been received to proceed to extract the contained information so that it can be interpreted by the protocol interpreter module 160.

The message sending / receiving module 170, in step 820, validates against the concentrator device database 180 that the identifier of the concentrator apparatus received in the message, for example, in the form of an identifier of "originator of the message, corresponds to a valid address or number for said database, otherwise the message is discarded.

Under the determination that the received message comes from a valid hub apparatus 60, the message sending / receiving module 170, in step 830, validates that the received message type is supported by the central control node 70 on the basis of Table 6 described above, otherwise, the message is discarded.

Once the message has been validated, the message sending / receiving module 170 transfers the content of the message to the protocol interpreter module 160, which it proceeds, in step 840, to interpret, based on Tables 6 and 7 described above, the content of the message according to the communication protocol established between the central control node 20 and the concentrator devices 60, for example, in the event that the content of the message in the form of a character string is "009A23B01" , where from left to right the "009" means the type of message received corresponding to the Internal Fault Report, the "A23B" corresponds to the identifier of the concentrator device that presents the fault and that sends the message and the "01" indicates that the flaw is that the cabinet of said apparatus is open.

In an alternative embodiment, prior to the interpretation of the message, the protocol interpreter module 170 validates that the content of the message is correct, by verifying that a key code that may be included as an additional parameter in the message corresponds to the generated key code , according to the character string contained in the message, by the concentrator apparatus 60 that sent the message. In case the codes do not match the message is discarded.

Once the content of the message is interpreted, the protocol interpreter module 160 transfers the message content already interpreted to the application module 150, which proceeds, in step 850, to structure the information in a way that can be interpreted, both by the administrator general or public telephone network operators, in the form of statistical, accounting or administrative reports 210 that can be displayed on the screens of their terminals, printed and / or stored in the 200 report database. The information is classified in base to identifier of the concentrator apparatus 60 received in the message (see Table 3 described above).

Now in Figure 5 in conjunction with Figure 10, there is shown a flow diagram of a method for sending messages from a concentrator apparatus to a central control node according to the invention. The method starts in step 900, wherein continuously the clock-calendar 490 monitors in real time the occurrence of ^ calendar events programmed in a programmable memory 450. Also in step 910, the sensors 515 monitor in real time the occurrence of problems or fault conditions internal of the concentrator apparatus 60 as they are, for example, open cabinet, fault in impedance converter, presence of humidity, electrical power failure, some communication interface dropped, circuitry malfunctioning or combinations of them.

In step 920, the electronic processing 400 determines the occurrence of an event, either a scheduled event (detected by the 490 calendar clock) or the detection of a problem or internal fault (detected by the 515 sensors), as such so that under the determination of the occurrence of one of them, it proceeds to indicate to the application module 460 that, proceed with the action corresponding to the event, for example, send a scheduled report with the information of all the users contained in one of the programmable memories 450 or send a failure report (at the time it occurs) to the central control node.

In the event that the detected event is a scheduled event, the application module 460, in step 930, retrieves from the programmable memory 450 the information 'contained therein, which was generated and stored up to that moment, by the voltage meters and stream 410; while in the event that the detected event is a problem or internal failure, the application module 460, in step 940, determines the type of fault occurred, based on the sensor 515 that detected it. Therefore, one or the other information is transferred to the protocol interpreter 470, indicating the action to be performed based on the type of event that occurred.

Once the above is done, in step 950, the protocol interpreter .470 structures the information in a message format according to the communication protocol established between the concentrator apparatus 60 and the central control node and based on the type of event occurred, for example, in the event that the event occurred corresponds to a scheduled event to send the daily report with the information generated and stored up to that moment in the users connected to the distribution transformer, the application module 460 orders the protocol interpreter 470 structuring an Information Report message, whereby the protocol interpreter 470 proceeds to structure the programmable memory information 450 in the form of a character string, based on Tables 6 and 7 described above, for example, "008A23B00135001225002006003111104003505000006010007050008050009 0750100750111000", where from left to right the" 008"means that the type of message as er sent corresponds to an Information Report, "A23B" corresponds to the identifier of the concentrator device 60 that sends the message, "00" indicates that the total consumption information data is present in the distribution transformer, "1350" indicates that the total consumption is 1350 Wh, the "01" indicates that the total load information information of the users connected to the distribution transformer is present, the "2250" indicates that the total load is 2250 W, the "02" indicates that the temperature data of the distribution transformer is present, "0060" indicates that the temperature is 60 ° C, "03" indicates that the oil level data of the distribution transformer, "1111", is present indicates that the transformer is full of oil, "04" indicates that the temperature data outside the distribution transformer is present, "0035" indicates that the temperature is 35 ° C, "05" indicates that the vibration data in the distribution transformer, the "0000" indicates that there are no vibrations, the "06" indicates that the consumption information data of the user 1 connected to the distribution transformer is present, the "0100" indicates that the user's consumption 1 is 100 Wh, the "07" indicates that the user's load information data is present 1 connected to the distribution transformer, the "0500" indicates that the user's load 1 is 500 W, the "08" indicates that the user's consumption information data is present 2 connected to the distribution transformer, the "0500" indicates that the user's consumption 2 is 500 Wh, "09" indicates that the load information data of user 2 connected to the distribution transformer is present, "0750" indicates that user load 2 is 750 W, "10" indicates that it is present the consumption information data of the user 3 connected to the distribution transformer, the "0750" indicates that the consumption of the user 3 is 750 Wh, the "11" indicates that the load information data of the user 3 connected to the distribution transformer and finally the "1000". indicates that the load of user 3 is 1000 W.

In another example, in the event that the event occurred corresponds to a detected internal fault, such as an open cabinet, the application module 460 instructs the protocol interpreter 470 to structure an Internal Failure Report message, so the protocol interpreter 470 proceeds to structure the fault information in the form of a string of characters, based on Tables 6 and 7 described above, for example, "" 009A23B01", where from left to right the" 009"means that the type of The message to be sent corresponds to an Internal Fault Report, the "A23B" corresponds to the identifier of the concentrator apparatus 60 that sends the message and presents the fault, and the "01" indicates that the concentrator apparatus has the cabinet open.

On the other hand, independently of what has been described above, through the second communication interface 500, an already structured message can be received, in step 960, from a service and management terminal 90 that needs to be transferred to the node of central control.

The message structured by the protocol interpreter 470 or the message structured by the management terminal and services 90 is transferred to the send / receive module 480, which, in step 970, encapsulates the structured message in one or more data packets. and transmits it to the central control node 20 through the first communication interface 100. To achieve sending the encapsulated message to the central control node, depending on the destination of the message, in step 980, the sending / receiving module 480 extracts, from a programmable memory 450, the information corresponding to the APISI or URL corresponding to the central control node.

Finally, in step 990, the send / receive module 480 sends the encapsulated message to the central control node through the communication interface 100.

Now, returning to Figure 5 in conjunction with Figure 11 illustrating a flow chart of the method for transmitting messages from a concentrator apparatus to a management terminal and services according to the invention. The method starts at step 1000, where the electronic processor 400 determines that one or more users have exceeded their limit of electric power consumption or their limit of charge level allowed for their electrical installation, or has received through the first communication interface a message to Increase the Impedance to a User; or on the other hand, in step 1010, it has been received through the first interface of communication a Notification to User message from the central control node.

In step 1020, the electronic processor 400 determines which event of the previous ones has occurred in order to indicate to the protocol interpreter 470 the action to be performed as indicated in Table 9 and 10.

Table 9 shows an example of the generic structure of messages according to the communication protocol between the concentrator apparatus 60 and the management and services terminal 90. Such a message structure is used by the protocol interpreter module 470 to structure the pertinent information. of the application module 460.

Generic Message Structure Message type Message content Type of message: 3 Characters. Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values 000 Value not available 001 Alarm 002 Power consumption 003 Load on electrical installation 004 General Information 005 Supply Reinstatement Request 006 Reset Authorization for Supply 007 Values available for other types of messages 999 Table 9 Table 10 shows examples of the possible parameters contained in the content field of the message of Table 9, which depend on the type of message to be sent or received by both the concentrator apparatus 60 or the management and services terminal 90, according to apply the case.

MESSAGE: 001 Alarm Message used by the concentrator device for one or more management terminals and services to notify one or more users of any alarm information, for example, that power supply will be limited by exceeding the consumption or non-payment limit.

Device Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Concentrator Allowed values: 0000 to 9999 Concentrator Device Identifier, A to Z example: AC01 Alarm Text: 127 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: String Alarm text message to be Notified to the user MESSAGE: 002 Energy Consumption Message used by the concentrator device for one or more management terminals and services to notify one or more users of their individual power consumption.

Identifier of the Information on Energy Consumption Apparatus electrical in kW-h Concentrator Device Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Concentrator Allowed values: 0000 to 9999 Concentrator Device Identifier, for A to Z example: AC01 Information: 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 0000 to the numerical value according to the type 9999 information included MESSAGE: 003 Load in Electrical Installation Message used by the concentrator device for one or more management terminals and services to notify one or more users of their individual load of their electrical installation.

Identifier of the Information of the Load in the Apparatus Electrical installation in kW Concentrator Device Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Concentrator Allowed values: 0000 to 9999. Identifier of the Concentrator Apparatus, by A to Z example: AC01 Information: 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 0000 to the numerical value according to the type of 9999 information included MESSAGE: 004 General Information Message used by the concentrator device for one or more management terminals and services to notify one or more users of information coming from the central control node, for example, which has changed the tariff for electricity consumption.

Device Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Concentrator Allowed values: 0000 to 9999 Concentrator Device Identifier, for A to Z example: AC01 Notification Text: 127 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: String Text message from Notification to user MESSAGE: 005 Supply Reinstatement Request Message used by the management and services terminal addressed to the concentrator apparatus to request the normal restoration of power supply to the requesting user.

Identifier Action of user User ID 1 Character Type: Mandatory Parameter Allowed values: 00 Reserved 01 User 1 02 User 2 03 User 3 04 User 4 05 User 5 06 User 6 07 User 7 08 User 8 09 User 9 10 User 10 11 to 99 Values di: for other types of indicators Action 1 Character Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 0 Do not reset impedance to the user 1 Restore impedance to the user 2 to 9 Values available for other types of indicators MESSAGE: 006 Authorization of Supply Reset Message used by the concentrator device for one or more management terminals and services in response to the Supply Reinstatement Request message to notify one or more users that the restoration of their supply has been authorized or not.

Apparatus Identifier 4 Characters Type: Mandatory Parameter Concentrator Allowed values: 0000 to 9999 Concentrator Device Identifier, for A to Z example: AC01 Authorization 1 Character Type: Optional Parameter Allowed values: 0 Denied 1 Approved 2 to 9 Values available for another type indicators Table 10 Based on the type of event that occurred, either one or more users have exceeded their electric power consumption limit or their permitted load level limit for their electrical installation, or a communication has been received through the first communication interface. Increase the Impedance message to a User, in step 1030, the protocol interpreter 470 indicates to the application module 460 that it proceeds to send an alarm message to the user to alert him that his electric power supply will be affected by any of the reasons mentioned above, so that, in step 1040, it extracts some of the message formats of alarms stored in one of the programmable memories 450.

For example, in the event that the event occurred and detected by the electronic processor 400 is that the user 01 has exceeded its power consumption, then / the application module 460 instructs the protocol interpreter 460 to structure an "Alarm" message , so that the protocol interpreter 460 proceeds to structure the information received based on Tables 9 and 10 in the form of a string of characters, for example "001A23BEN 15 MINUTES YOUR ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY WILL BE LIMITED BY EXCEEDING YOUR CONSUMPTION", where from left to right the "001" corresponds to the type of Alarm message, "A23B" corresponds to the identifier of the concentrator device for identify with management terminal and services 60 which will receive the message, "IN 15 MINUTES YOUR ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY WILL BE LIMITED BY EXCEEDING YOUR CONSUMPTION" corresponds text of the alarm message to be displayed on the management terminal screen and services of the affected user.

Once the alarm message has been sent to the user and after the indicated time has elapsed, in step 1050, the electronic processor 400 commands the controller 430 of the electric voltage and current meter 410 associated with the user whose electricity supply will be limited, activate the switch 32 for switching the user's power line 50 to the impedance converter 61, this by using Table 4.

In the event that the detected event is that a Notification to User message from the node has been received through the first communication interface. central control, the electronic processor 400 temporarily stores, in step 1060, the text content of the notification in a programmable memory 450, then in step 1070, the application module 460 retrieves the notification text from the programmable memory 450 contained in it, so this information is transferred to the protocol interpreter 470 indicating the action to be performed based on the type of event occurred.

For example, suppose that the concentrator apparatus 60 received a message from "Notification to User" from the central control node containing a message- for the user 01 indicating that "HAS A DISCOUNT OF 10% ON THE CONSUMPTION OF TODAY", then, the application module 460 orders the protocol interpreter 460 structuring a "General Information" message, whereby the protocol interpreter 460 proceeds to structure the information received based on Tables 9 and 10 in the form of a string of characters, for example "004A23 HAS A DISCOUNT OF 10% ON THE Today's Consumption ", where from left to right" 001"corresponds to the type of Alarm message," A23B "corresponds to the identifier of the concentrator device to be identified with management terminal and services 60 which will receive the message, the "HAS A 10% DISCOUNT ON TODAY'S CONSUMPTION" corresponds to the text of the notification message s be displayed on the screen of the user management and services terminal 01.

The message structured by the protocol interpreter 470 is transferred to the send / receive module 480, which, in step 1080, encapsulates the structured message in one or more data packets and transmits it to the service management terminal 90 through of the second first communication interface 500. To achieve sending the encapsulated message to the management terminal and services, depending on the destination of the message, in step 1090, the send / receive module 480 extracts, from a programmable memory 450 , the information corresponding to the address of the destination management and services terminal.

Finally, in step 2000, the send / receive module 480 sends the encapsulated message to the management end and services 90 through the second communication interface 500.

Based on the embodiments described above, it is contemplated that modifications to these described embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments will be considered obvious to a person skilled in the art of the art under the present disclosure. It is therefore contemplated that the claims encompass said modifications and alternatives that are within the scope of the present invention or its equivalents.

Claims (46)

REVIVAL DICTION EN
1. A concentrator apparatus for measuring, monitoring and regulating the consumption of electrical energy of one or more users connected to a distribution transformer, the apparatus is of the type that contains at least one meter of electrical voltage and current intensity connected to each power line of each user, which in turn is connected to low-voltage sockets of the distribution transformer, an electronic processor in connection with the electric voltage and current intensity meters to calculate the electric power consumption and the load level of each one of them. users based on measurements of individual voltage and current strength and a first communication interface in connection with the electronic processor to transmit power consumption data and load level to a central control node and receive from the control node central commands for the electronic processor, the apparatus characterized by including eE: at least one impedance converter connected to at least one low voltage outlet of the distribution transformer; at least one switch in each voltage and current meter, wherein the switch is connected to the user's power supply line, to the low voltage outlets and to the impedance converter; Y wherein the electronic processor is in connection with the switches for ordering the switching of the power supply line of a particular user between the low voltage outlets and the impedance converter.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the electronic processor commands one or more switches to switch the user's power supply line from the low voltage sockets to the impedance converter to decrease the electrical voltage and current intensity supplied to said user, under the determination in said electronic processor that the user has exceeded their electric power consumption or their allowed electric charge level, or upon receiving from the central control node a signal to command the switching of the user's power line of the outlets of low voltage to the impedance converter.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the electronic processor instructs all the switches to switch all the power lines of the users of the low voltage sockets to the impedance converter to decrease the electrical voltage and the current intensity supplied to said users , under the determination of risk of failure in the distribution transformer, or when receiving from the central control node a signal to order the switching of all the power lines of the users of the low voltage outlets to the impedance converter.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the switches are of the relay or thyristor type.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the communication interface is wireless data packet technology selected from a group consisting of General Service of Radio Packs, Enhanced Data Rates for the Evolution of GSM, Multiple Access by Division of Code 2000, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, Freedom of Multimedia Mobile Access, Broadband Code Division Multiple Access, Synchronous CDMA Technology by Time Division, Downlink Access of High Speed Packages, Access Ascending Packet at High Speed, Radio Frequency (RFiD), IEEE 802.15.4 interface. and its combinations.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the distribution transformer is pole-type, pedestal or submerged, either three-phase, single-phase, dry or submerged in oil.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that it is contained in a cabinet located in a manner adjacent to the distribution transformer.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that it also includes a second communication interface in connection with the electronic processor for transmitting data of the user's electric power consumption, user load level, alarm messages and information messages generated by the processor electronic or received from the control node to a management and services terminal located with the user.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, characterized in that the second communication interface is selected from a group consisting of data communication by power lines (PLC), broadband device by electric power lines (BPL), Bluetooth interface, interface of Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Radio Frequency Identification Interface (RFiD), IEEE 802.15.4 interface and their combinations.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that it further includes a third communication interface in connection with the electronic processor for transmitting power consumption data, upon request, to a portable terminal wired or wirelessly connected to the apparatus and for receiving from the terminal Laptop orders for the electronic processor.
11. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, characterized in that the third communication interface is selected from a group consisting of USB port, RS-232 port, RS-485 port, Ethernet port, LPT parallel port, TCP-IP interface, Firewire interface, Bluetooth interface, Infra-red Direct Access (IrDA) interface, Radio Frequency Identification Interface (RFiD), Hiperlan-2 interface, HomeRF interface, X.10 interface, PS-2 interface, Wireless Fidelity interface (Wi-Fi) Fi), IEEE interface 802. 11b, IEEE 802.11 interface, IEEE 802.15.4 interface, IEEE 802 interface with standardized protocols or communication owners and their combinations.
12. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that it also includes one or more programmable memories in communication with the electronic processor to store the electric power consumption of each user connected to the distribution transformer, a total consumption of electrical energy by all users, a maximum limit of electric charge allowed to each user and a maximum limit of electricity consumption per user for a certain period.
13. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, characterized in that the programmable memory also stores alarm messages for users, and where the electronic processor sends at least one alarm message to the user at a time prior to the consumption of electric power and / or load of the user reaches the maximum limit of electricity consumption for the user and / or the maximum load limit allowed for the user.
14. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, characterized in that the programmable memory is programmed remotely from the central control node and locally from a portable terminal wired or wirelessly connected to the apparatus.
15. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that it also includes an interface to sensors in connection with said electronic processor and to one or more sensors located inside or outside the distribution transformer, where said sensors perceive operating conditions of the distribution transformer. selected from a group consisting of oil temperature, winding temperature, ambient temperature, oil level and vibrations, and wherein information perceived by said sensors is received through said interface and sent to said central control node.
16. 16. The device of claim 1, characterized in that said impedance converter includes at least one winding wound on a core forming a reactor type, with a first terminal connected to one of the phases of the low voltage outlets of the distribution transformer and a second one. terminal connected to each of the switches of the voltage and current meters.
17. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that said impedance converter includes at least one winding wound without a core with a first terminal connected to one of the phases of the low voltage sockets of the distribution transformer and a second terminal connected to each of the switches of the voltage and current meters.
18. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that said impedance converter is immersed in oil inside a container which in turn is inside said concentrator apparatus or said distribution transformer.
19. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that said impedance converter has an impedance different from the nominal impedance of the distribution transformer.
20. 20. A method to measure, monitor and regulate the electrical energy consumption of users connected by power lines to a distribution transformer, the method has the steps of: measure electrical voltage and current intensity of each of the power lines of each user that is connected to low voltage sockets of the distribution transformer; calculate electric power consumption and load level of each of the users based on the measurements of electrical voltage and individual current intensity; transmit data of electric power consumption and load level calculated to a central control node; determine that a certain user has exceeded their electric power consumption or their allowed electric charge level; Y where the method is characterized by including the step of: increase impedance for the power supply line of said determined user when switching the power supply line of the low voltage sockets to a impedance converter to decrease the electric voltage and the current intensity supplied to said user, under the determination that said user has exceeded his electric power consumption or his allowed electric charge level.
21. 21. The method of claim 20, characterized in that it also includes the step of transmitting data of the user's electric power consumption, user load level, alarm messages and information messages to a management terminal and services located with the user.
22. 22. The method of claim 20, characterized in that it also includes the step of sending at least one alarm message to a management terminal and services located with the user, at a time prior to the user's electric power consumption and / or load a maximum limit of electric power consumption for the user and / or a maximum load limit allowed for the user.
23. 23. The method of claim 20, characterized in that it also includes the steps of: determine that the user who has exceeded their electric power consumption or their permitted electric charge level no longer exceeds their electric power consumption or has returned to their permitted charge level; Y restore the normal impedance of the power supply line of said user when switching the supply line of the impedance converter to the low voltage sockets to normalize the electric voltage and the current intensity supplied to the user, under the determination that the user no longer exceeds his electricity consumption or has returned to his permitted load level.
24. 24. The method of claim 20, characterized in that it also includes the steps of: perceive operating conditions of the distribution transformer selected from a group consisting of oil temperature, winding temperature, ambient temperature, oil level and vibrations; send the information of operating conditions of the perceived distribution transformer to the central control node; determine that a risk of failure in the distribution transformer has occurred; and Increase impedance for all the power lines of all users by switching all the power lines of the low voltage outlets to an impedance converter to reduce the electric voltage and the current intensity supplied to all users, under the determination of that a risk of failure in the distribution transformer has occurred.
25. 25. The method of claim 24, characterized in that it also includes the steps of: determine that the risk of failure in the distribution transformer has been solved; Y restore the normal impedance of all the power lines of all users when switching the supply lines of the impedance converter to the low voltage sockets to normalize the electric voltage and the current intensity supplied to all users, under the determination of that the risk of failure in the distribution transformer has been solved.
26. 26. The method of claim 24, characterized in that it also includes the steps of: determine that the user who has exceeded their electric power consumption or their permitted electric charge level no longer exceeds their electric power consumption or has returned to their permitted charge level; Y restore the normal impedance of the power line of said user when switching the supply line of the impedance converter to the low voltage sockets to normalize the electric voltage and the current supplied to said user, under the determination that the user no longer exceeds their electricity consumption or has returned to their permitted load level.
27. 27. A system for measuring, supervising and regulating remotely the electrical energy consumption of one or more users connected by power lines to a distribution transformer, the system comprises: a central control node; Y one or more concentrating devices for measuring, monitoring and regulating the electric power consumption of one or more users connected to a distribution transformer, wherein the concentrator apparatus is in remote communication with the central control node and comprises: at least one meter of electrical voltage and current intensity connected to each power line of each user which in turn is connected to low voltage sockets of the distribution transformer; an electronic processor in connection with the electric voltage and current intensity meters to calculate the electric power consumption and the load level of each of the users based on individual voltage and current measurements; a first communication interface in connection with the electronic processor for transmitting power consumption data and load level to a central control node and receiving commands from the central control node for the electronic processor; at least one impedance converter connected to at least one low voltage outlet of the distribution transformer; at least one switch in each voltage and current meter, wherein the switch is connected to the user's power supply line, to the low voltage outlets and to the impedance converter; Y wherein the electronic processor is in connection with the switches for ordering the switching of the power supply line of a particular user between the low voltage outlets and the impedance converter.
28. 28. The system of claim 27, characterized in that the electronic processor of the concentrator apparatus commands one or more switches to switch the user's power supply line from the low voltage outlets to the impedance converter to decrease the electrical voltage and the current intensity supplied to the user. said user, under the determination in said electronic processor that the user has exceeded their electric power consumption or their permitted electric charge level, or upon receiving from the central control node a signal to command the switching of the user's power line from the low voltage outlets to the impedance converter.
29. 29. The system of claim 27, characterized in that the electronic processor of the concentrator apparatus instructs all the switches to switch all the power lines of the users of the low voltage sockets to the converter of impedance to decrease the electrical voltage and the current intensity supplied to said users, under the determination of a risk of failure in the distribution transformer, or when receiving from the central control node a signal to order the switching of all the power supply lines from the users of the low voltage outlets to the impedance converter.
30. 30. The system of claim 27, characterized in that the switches of the concentrator apparatus are of the relay or thyristor type.
31. 31. The system of claim 27, characterized in that the communication interface of the concentrator apparatus is wireless of packet data technology selected from a group consisting of General Service of Radio Packs, Enhanced Data Rates for the Evolution of GSM, Multiple Access by Division of Code 2000, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, Freedom of Multimedia Mobile Access, Multiple Access Broadband Code Division, Technology Synchronous CDMA by Time Division, High Speed Packet Downlink Access, High Speed Packet Uplink, Radio Frequency (RFiD), IEEE 802.15.4 interface. and its combinations.
32. 32. The system of claim 27, characterized in that the distribution transformer is pole-type, pedestal or submerged, either three-phase, single-phase, dry or submerged in oil.
33. 33. The system of claim 27, characterized in that the concentrator apparatus is contained in a cabinet located adjacent to the distribution transformer.
34. 34. The system of claim 27, characterized in that it also includes one or more management terminals and services located with each user of the distribution transformer and in communication with a concentrator apparatus adjacent or co-located to said distribution transformer.
35. 35. The system of claims 27 and 34, characterized in that in addition the concentrator apparatus includes a second communication interface in connection with the electronic processor for transmitting data of the user's electric power consumption, user load level, alarm messages and messages of information generated by the electronic processor or received from the control node to a management and services terminal located with the user.
36. 36. The system of claim 35, characterized in that the second interface of. Communication is selected from a group consisting of data communication by power lines (PLC), broadband device by electric power lines. (BPL), Bluetooth interface, Wireless Fidelity interface (Wi-Fi), Radio Frequency Identification Interface (RFID), IEEE 802.15.4 interface and combinations thereof.
37. 37. The system of claim 27, further characterized in that the concentrator apparatus includes a third communication interface in connection with the electronic processor for transmitting power consumption data, upon request, to a portable terminal wired or wirelessly connected to the apparatus and for receiving of the portable terminal orders for the electronic processor.
38. 38. The system of claim 37, characterized in that the third communication interface is selected from a group consisting of USB port, RS-232 port, RS-485 port, Ethernet port, LPT parallel port, TCP-IP interface, Firewire interface, Bluetooth interface, Infra-red Direct Access (IrDA) interface, Radio Frequency Identification Interface (RFiD), Hiperlan-2 interface, HomeRF interface, X.10 interface, PS-2 interface, Wireless Fidelity interface (Wi-Fi) Fi), IEEE 802.11b interface, IEEE 802.11 interface, IEEE 802.15.4 interface, IEEE 802 interface with standardized protocols or communication owners and their combinations.
39. 39. The system of claim 27, characterized in that in addition the concentrator apparatus includes one or more programmable memories in communication with the electronic processor to store the electric power consumption of each user connected to the distribution transformer, a total consumption of electrical energy by all the users, a maximum limit of electric charge allowed to each user and a maximum limit of electricity consumption per user, for a certain period.
40. 40. The system of claim 39, characterized in that the programmable memory also stores alarm messages for the users, and where the electronic processor sends at least one alarm message to the user at a time prior to the consumption of electric power and / or charge of the user reaches the maximum limit of electricity consumption for the user and / or the maximum load limit allowed for the user. )
41. 41. The system of claim 39, characterized in that the program memory is programmed remotely from the central control node and locally from a portable terminal wired or wirelessly to the apparatus.
42. 42. The system of claim 27, characterized in that in addition the concentrator apparatus includes an interface to sensors in connection with said electronic processor and to one or more sensors located inside or outside the distribution transformer, wherein said sensors perceive operating conditions of the distribution transformer selected from a group consisting of oil temperature, winding temperature, ambient temperature, oil level and vibrations, and wherein information perceived by said sensors is received through said interface and sent to said central control node .
43. 43. The system of claim 27, characterized in that said impedance converter of said concentrator apparatus includes at least one winding wound on a core forming a reactor type, with a first terminal connected to one of the phases of the low voltage outlets of the transformer of distribution and a second terminal connected to each of the switches of the voltage and current meters.
44. 44. The system of claim 27, characterized in that said impedance converter of said concentrator apparatus includes at least one winding wound without a core with a first terminal connected to one of the phases of the low voltage, voltage of the distribution transformer and a second terminal connected to each of the switches of the voltage and current meters.
45. 45. The system of claim 27, characterized in that said impedance converter of said concentrator apparatus is immersed in oil inside a container which in turn is inside said concentrator apparatus or said distribution transformer.
46. 46. The system of claim 27, characterized in that said impedance converter of said concentrator apparatus has an impedance different from that of. nominal impedance of the distribution transformer.