MX2008012523A

MX2008012523A - Calcium phosphate complex in acid containing chewing gum.

Info

Publication number: MX2008012523A
Application number: MX2008012523A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Doris Tancredi; Samantha Holme; Ding Ming
Original assignee: Cadbury Adams Usa Llc
Priority date: 2006-04-05
Filing date: 2007-04-04
Publication date: 2008-10-14
Also published as: PL2001452T3; CN101415393B; PL2001436T3; CA2645763C; CA2645763A1; RU2008133370A; AU2007235444B2; EP2001452A4; JP2014110818A; EP2001452A2; WO2007117537A2; AU2007235445A1; AU2007235444A1; BRPI0710844A2; AU2007235445B2; RU2417621C2; JP2011200256A; EP2026745A4; CA2648313C; JP2009532065A

Abstract

The present invention relates to chewing gum and confectionery compositions for improving the dental health of mammals, particularly humans. In particular, the compositions may include a gum base or carrier, sweetening agents, casein phosphopeptide- calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and food-grade acids. The compositions may be employed to remineralize the tooth surfaces of mammals, as well as impart acid resistance thereto.

Description

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE COMPLEX IN MASK CONTAINING ACID GUMS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to methods for the remineralization of dental surfaces of mammals, as well as methods for imparting acid resistance thereto. The methods employ confectionery compositions or chewing gums to release the calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and a food grade acid into the oral cavity of a mammal. The present invention also relates to confectionery compositions and chewing gums that remineralize and / or impart acid resistance to dental surfaces of mammals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The formation of tooth decay in teeth has been well studied. Although the use of fluorides has decreased the prevalence of dental caries, the disease continues to be a public health problem. Caries is understood to result from the accumulation of plaque in the teeth and the production of organic acids (plaque acids) when the microorganisms in the plaque ferment the sugars and starches in the food. Before being washed by saliva, the acids accumulate in the plate long enough to lower the pH and cause some of the enamel, a phosphorus-calcium mineral known as hydroxyapatite, to dissolve, that is, demineralize which can lead to the dental caries (deterioration of the teeth) and sensitivity.

In addition, many confectionery products and chewing gums, particularly fruit flavored products contain acids, for example, as part of the flavor or flavor system. Many consumers, especially children, enjoy confectionery and fruit flavored gum. The acids, however, can cause demineralization of the tooth surface, which can lead to tooth decay.

Efforts have been made over the years to address the problem of dissolution or demineralization of tooth enamel and the resulting formation of dental caries. The casein calcium phosphate-phosphopeptide complexes are known to have intensifying anticariogenic effects when used as dendritics. The complexes, also known as CPP-ACP complexes or calcium phosphate-caseone calcium casein are calcium phosphate stabilized by casein phosphopeptides. CPP-ACP counteracts demineralization by improving remineralization while stabilizing plaque acid. It acts by locating the phosphate and calcium ions in the dental plaque on the tooth surface. This increased level of calcium and phosphate in the dental plaque helps to stabilize the acid in the plaque and maintain a state of supersaturation of calcium and phosphate in solution, that is, in saliva.

U.S. Patent Nos. 5,130,123 and 5,227,154 teach casein phosphopeptides in the prevention of dental caries. WO 98/40406 teaches the calcium phosphate-phosphopeptide complexes to provide anti-caries efficacy. U.S. Patent Nos. 6,846,500 and 6,733,8 8 describe confectionery and chewing gum products containing a combination of amorphous calcium phosphate-casein phosphate with sodium bicarbonate.

Dental caries, however, continues to be a problem in many communities. The high cost for individuals and the community in the treatment of dental caries has necessitated the development of new preventive products for caries.

There is a need, therefore, for new methods for the reduction of dental caries. As many consumers enjoy confectionery and chewing gum products, there is a need to reduce tooth decay by using such products, particularly sugar-free products. Chewing gum and confectionery products that decrease the progress of caries lesions, as well as the improvement of the regression thereof are necessary. In addition, there is a need for chewing gums and confectionery compositions containing acid that can impart both remineralization and acid resistance to the dental surfaces of mammals.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In some embodiments, there is a chewing gum composition that includes a gum base, at least one sweetening agent, calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and at least one food grade acid.

Some embodiments provide a confectionery composition that includes a confectionery carrier, at least one sweetening agent, calcium phosphate of casein phosphopeptide and at least one food grade acid.

Some embodiments provide a method of remineralizing the dental surface of a mammal, which includes: (a) applying a chewing gum product to the oral cavity of the mammal, wherein the chewing gum product contains a gum base, less a sweetening agent, calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and at least one food-grade acid and (b) chewing the chewing gum product for a sufficient time to remineralize the individual's dental surface.

Some embodiments provide a method for imparting acid resistance to the dental surface of a mammal, which includes (a) applying a chewing gum product to the oral cavity of the mammal, wherein the chewing gum product includes a gum base , at least one sweetening agent, calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and at least one food-grade acid and (b) chewing the chewing gum product for a sufficient time to impart acid resistance to the dental surface of the mammal.

In some embodiments, there is a method for remineralization of the dental surface of a mammal, which includes: (a) applying a confectionery product in the oral cavity of the mammal, wherein the confectionery product contains a confectionery carrier, at least a sweetening agent, calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and at least one food-grade acid and (b) retaining the confectionery product in the oral cavity for a sufficient time to remineralize the individual's dental surface.

In some embodiments there is a method for imparting acid resistance to the dental surface of a mammal, which includes (a) applying a confectionery product within the oral cavity of the mammal, wherein the confectionery product includes a confectionery carrier, at less a sweetening agent, calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and at least one food-grade acid and (b) retaining the confectionery product in the oral cavity for a sufficient time to impart acid resistance to the dental surface of the mammal.

Some embodiments provide equipment for remineralization of the dental surface of a mammal including (a) a chewing gum product containing a gum base, calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and at least one food grade acid; (b) a set of instructions for using the chewing gum product and (c) a package for housing the chewing gum product and the instruction set.

Some embodiments provide equipment to remineralize the dental surface of a mammal including: (a) a confectionery product that includes a confectionery carrier, calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and at least one food grade acid, (b) a set of instructions for using the confectionery product and (c) a package for housing the confectionery product and the set of instructions.

Some embodiments provide equipment for imparting acid resistance to the dental surface of a mammal including: (a) a chewing gum product that includes a gum base, calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and at least one food grade acid; (b) a set of instructions for using the chewing gum product and (c) a package for housing the chewing gum product and the set of instructions.

Some embodiments provide equipment for imparting acid resistance to the dental surface of a mammal that includes: (a) a confectionery product including a confectionery carrier, calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and at least one food grade acid; (b) a set of instructions for using the confectionery product and (c) a package for housing the confectionery product and the set of instructions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The embodiments described herein provide confectionery and chewing gum products containing calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide (CPP-ACP) which is an anti-caries agent and methods for employing said compositions to improve the dental health of the mammals.

Some embodiments described herein provide chewing gum or confectionery compositions, particularly sugar-free compositions for the reduction of dental caries in a mammal. The chewing gum or confectionery composition may include a gum base or pharmaceutical carrier, respectively, at least one sweetening agent and CPP-ACP. High levels of CPP-ACP can be used in compositions to reduce dental caries. CPP-ACP can also be used with other oral care assets as part of a multi-functional oral care product. These other oral care assets may include but are not limited to bleaching assets, antimicrobial assets, breath freshening assets, sensory-lowering assets, and other remineralization agents. Methods for the reduction of dental caries are also described herein using chewing gum or confectionery compositions. Such methods can delay progress and improve the regression of caries lesions to a substantially greater extent than similar products that are free of CPP-ACP.

Some other embodiments described herein provide chewing gum or acid-containing confectionery compositions, particularly sugar-free compositions, for remineralization and / or imparting acid resistance to the dental surface of a mammal. The chewing gum or confectionery composition may include a gum base or confectionery carrier, respectively, at least one sweetening agent, CPP-ACP and a food grade acid. Methods for remineralization and / or imparting acid resistance to the dental surface of a mammal are also described herein using chewing gum and confectionery compositions.

As used herein, the term "comprising" (also "comprises", etc.) that is synonymous with "including", "containing" or "characterized by" is inclusive or an open term and does not exclude unreported elements , additional or stages of the method, regardless of its use in the preamble or the body of a claim.

As used herein, the terms "balloon gum" and "chewing gum" are used interchangeably and both mean that they include any gum composition.

The term "food grade acid" as used herein, contemplates any acid that is acceptable for use in the edible compositions.

As used herein, the term "center fill" refers to the innermost region of a gum or confectionery product filled in the center. The term "center fill" does not imply symmetry of a gum or confectionery product, only the "center fill" is within another region of the product. In some modalities, more than one filling in the center may be present.

As used herein, the term "gum region" or "confectionery product" refers to a region of a gum or confectionery product with a filling at the center, respectively that may be adjacent to or at least partially surrounding the filling. in the center or the innermost region. In some embodiments, the gum region or confectionery region is an intermediate region.

As used herein, the terms "coating" or "coating region" are used to refer to the outermost region of a gum or confectionery product with center fill.

As used herein, the terms "circled", "circling" and the like are not limited to fencing. These terms may refer to closing or confining on all sides, enclosing or wrapping and are not limited to identical or symmetrical thicknesses for a region in a confectionery or rubber filled product in the center.Compositions and Methods for Reducing Dental Caries As mentioned above, the modalities described in this document provide compositions and methods to reduce dental caries. The compositions may be chewing gum or confectionery compositions which may include CPP-ACP an anti-caries agent. Such compositions can lead to significantly greater reductions in dental caries compared to similar compositions that are free of CPP-ACP.

The chewing gum compositions may include a gum base, at least one sweetening agent and CPP-ACP. The chewing gum compositions can be provided in a variety of different forms, such as, for example, strips, granules, bars, gums with center fill, deposited gums and compressed gums. The confectionery compositions may include a confectionery carrier, at least one sweetening agent and CPP-ACP. The confectionery compositions may be provided in a variety of different forms, such as for example, candies, soft candies, cotton candy, compressed tablets, lozenges, nougat, caramels, frappe and chews. The chewing gum and confectionery compositions may also include at least one flavor and a variety of optional additives.

As mentioned above, the chewing gum compositions may include a gum base. The gum base may include any component known in the chewing gum art. Said components can be water-soluble, insoluble in water or a combination thereof. For example, the gum base may include elastomers, bulking agents, waxes, elastomer solvents, emulsifiers, plasticizers, fillers and mixtures thereof.

The elastomers (rubbers) employed in the gum base will vary greatly depending on various factors such as the type of gum base desired, the consistency of the desired gum composition and the other components used in the composition to make the rubber product of chew final. The elastomer may be any water-insoluble polymer known in the art and includes those gum polymers used for chewing gums and balloon gums. Illustrative examples of the appropriate polymers in the gum bases include both synthetic and natural elastomers. For example, those polymers that are suitable in gum base compositions include, without limitation, natural substances (of vegetable origin) such as chewing gum, natural rubber, crown gum, medlar, rosidinha, jelutong, perillo, niger gutta, tunu, balata, gutta-percha, lechi capsi, sorva.gutta kay and the like and mixtures thereof. Examples of synthetic elastomers include without limitation, styrene-butadiene copolymers (SBR), polyisobutylene, isobutylene-isopropene copolymers, polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate and the like and mixtures thereof.

The amount of elastomer employed in the gum base may vary depending on various factors such as the type of gum base used, the consistency of the desired gum composition and the other components used in the composition to make the gum product. final. In general, the elastomer will be present in the gum base in an amount of from about 10% to about 60% by weight, desirably from about 35% to about 40% by weight.

In some embodiments, the gum base may include wax. This softens the polymeric elastomer mixture and improves the elasticity of the gum base. When present, the waxes employed will have a melting point below about 60 ° C and preferably between about 45 ° C and about 55 ° C. The low melting point wax may be a paraffin wax. The wax may be present in the gum base in an amount of from about 6% to about 10% and preferably from about 7% to about 9.5% by weight of the gum base.

In addition to the low melting point waxes, waxes having a higher melting point can be used in the gum base in amounts above about 5%, by weight of the gum base. Such high-melting waxes include beeswax, vegetable wax, candelilla wax, fleshy wax, most petroleum waxes and the like and mixtures thereof.

In addition to the components set forth above, the gum base may include a variety of other ingredients, such as the selected components of the elastomer solvents, emulsifiers, plasticizers, fillers and mixtures thereof.

The gum base may contain elastomeric solvents to aid in the softening of the elastomeric component. Said elastomeric solvents may include those elastomeric solvents known in the art, for example terpinene resins such as alpha-pinene or beta pinene polymers, methyl, glycerol and pentaerythritol esters of rosins and modified rosins and gums such as hydrogenated, dimerized and polymerized and mixtures thereof. Examples of elastomeric solvents suitable for use herein may include the pentaerythritol ester of partially hydrogenated wood and rosin gum, the wood pentaerythritol ester and rosin gum, the glycerol ester of wood rosin, the glycerol ester of partially dimerized wood and rosin gum, polymerized wood glycerol ester and rosin gum, polymerized wood glycerol ester and rosin gum, glycerol ester of tall rosin ester, wood glycerol ester and gum rosin and partially hydrogenated wood and gum rosin and partially hydrogenated methyl ester of wood and rosin and the like and mixtures thereof. The elastomeric solvent can be employed in the gum base in amounts of about 2% to about 15% and preferably from about 7% to about 11% by weight of the gum base.

The gum base may also include emulsifiers that aid in the dispersion of immiscible components in a simple stable system. Emulsifiers useful in this invention include glyceryl monostearate, lecithin, monoglycerides of fatty acids, diglycerides, propylene glycol monostearate and the like and mixtures thereof. The emulsifier can be used in amounts of about 2% to about 15% and more specifically from about 7% to about 11% by weight of the gum base.

The gum base may include plasticizers or softeners to provide a variety of desirable textures and consistency properties. Due to the low molecular weight of these ingredients, plasticizers and softeners are able to penetrate the fundamental structure of the rubber base making it plastic and less viscous. Useful plasticizers and softeners include lanolin, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, sodium stearate, potassium stearate, glyceryl triacetate, glyceryl lecithin, glyceryl monostearate, propylene glycol monostearate, acetylated monoglyceride, glycerin and the like and mixtures thereof. Waxes, for example, natural and synthetic waxes, hydrogenated vegetable oils, petroleum waxes such as polyurethane waxes, polyethylene waxes, paraffin waxes, microcrystalline waxes, fatty waxes, sorbitan monostearate, tallow, propylene glycol, mixtures thereof and the like can also be incorporated into the gum base. The plasticizers and softeners are generally used in the gum base and more specifically in amounts of about 9% to about 17% by weight of the gum base.

The plasticizers also include hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as soybean oil and safflower oils, which can be used alone or in combination. These plasticizers provide the rubber base with good texture and soft chewing characteristics. These plasticizers and softeners are generally used in amounts of about 5% to about 14% and more specifically in amounts of about 5% to about 13.5% by weight of the gum base.

Anhydrous glycerin can also be used as a softening agent, such as those of commercially available United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade. Glycerin is a liquid with the consistency of syrup with a warm sweet taste and has a sweetness of approximately 60% of that of sugar cane. Because glycerin is hygroscopic, the anhydrous glycerin can be maintained under anhydrous conditions through the preparation of the chewing gum composition.

In some embodiments, the gum base may also include effective amounts of bulk agents such as mineral adjuvants that can serve as fillers and texturizing agents. Useful mineral adjuvants include calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum silicate, talc, tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate and the like and mixtures thereof. These bulking agents or adjuvants can be used in the gum base compositions in various amounts. Preferably the amount of the filler, when used will be present in an amount of about 15% to about 40% and desirably from about 20% to about 30% by weight of the gum base.

A variety of traditional ingredients may optionally be included in the gum base in effective amounts such as flavoring agents and coloring agents, antioxidants, preservatives and the like. For example, titanium dioxide and other dyes suitable for food, drugs and cosmetic applications, known as dyes F. D. & C. can be used. An antioxidant such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), propylgalate, vitamin E and mixtures thereof may also be included. Other conventional chewing gum additives known to one skilled in the chewing gum art can also be used in the gum base.

In general, the gum base is present in amounts of about 5% to about 95% by weight of the chewing gum composition. More specifically, the gum base may be present in amounts of about 20% to about 60% by weight of the chewing gum composition.

The chewing gum products can be prepared using standard techniques and equipment known to those skilled in the art. The apparatus useful in accordance with the embodiments described in this document includes mixing and heating apparatus well known in the chewing gum manufacturing arts and therefore the selection of specific apparatus will be apparent to the skilled person. For the general chewing gum preparation processes see U.S. Patent Nos. 4,271, 197 of Hopkins et al., 4,352,822 of Cherukuri et al, and 4,497,832 of Cherukuri et al, each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety. as reference.

In compressed rubber formats, the gum base may be in a particulate form, such as but not limited to a granular or powdered rubber base, as opposed to the molten or thermoplastic rubber base. The particulate gum base can be essentially free of water and can be formed rapidly in any desired form, such as by compression.

The particulate gum base can be formed using standard grinding techniques known in the art. The starting material can be any conventional gum base, such as those used to produce the molten gum bases. The particulate gum base may be formed, for example, by fragmentation, grinding or breaking of the gum base or other processes, as described in US Patent Nos. 3,262,784; 4,405,647; 4,753,805 and 6,290,985 and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/00276871, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Desirably, the particulate gum base is crushed or the like in a particulate form that is similar in particle size to bind the powder. By using similar particle size components, a homogeneous mixture of gum base and tabletting powder can be achieved, which can provide a rubber tablet of similar homogeneous structure. The gum base and the tabletting powder can have a particle size of from about 4 to about 100 mesh, desirably about 8 to about 25 mesh and more desirably about 12 to about 20 mesh.

The particulate gum base may be present in amounts of about 10% to about 80% by weight of the chewing gum or tablet composition, desirably about 20% to about 50% by weight and more desirably about 30% to about 40% by weight.

The particulate gum base can be combined with a tabletting powder to form the compressed gum tablet. The tabletting powder may be in a dry finely divided form. The desirable particle size was provided above. The tabletting powder may be a powder with a polyol base or with a dextrose base, or with a sucrose base or combinations thereof. For example, the polyol-based powder can be a powder of mannitol and sorbitol. The tabletting powder may include other optional ingredients, such as flavoring agents, such as flavoring agents, coloring agents, sweeteners without sugar and / or sugar and the like and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, it may be desirable to combine a food grade lubricant with the particulate gum base and the tabletting powder. Food-grade lubricants can aid in the processing of water composition in compressed tablets. More specifically, lubricants are used to prevent excess wear in drills and dies in the manufacture of sheeting. Lubricants can be useful immediately after compression of the tablet within the bore to reduce friction between the tablet and the inner wall of the die.

The food grade lubricant can be added separately or can be included with the tabletting powder, as in some commercially available tabletting powders. Examples of suitable food grade lubricants include: metal stearates, fatty acids, hydrogenated vegetable oil, partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, animal fats, polyethylene glycols, polyoxyethylene monostearate, talc, silicon dioxide, and combinations thereof. Food grade lubricants may be present in amounts of about 0-6% by weight of the gum composition.

Alternatively, in some embodiments, a compressible chewing gum composition can be formed by preparing a chewing gum composition and subsequently grinding the mixture. The chewing gum composition can be prepared by mixing together the ground gum base, the sweeteners by volume, the softeners, the plasticizers, other sweeteners, colorants and the like by any known mixing technique such as paste mixing. As with the preparation of the particulate gum base, the chewing gum mixture can be formed into a particulate chewing gum composition using standard grinding techniques known in the art. The particulate chewing gum can be formed, for example by fragmentation, grinding or breaking of the chewing gum or other processes as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,262,784; 4,405,647; 4,753,805 and 6,290,895 and United States Publication No. 2003/00276871, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

As described above, the compressible chewing gum composition may be in the form of a compressed gum tablet. In some embodiments, the particulate gum base and the modified release ingredients are compressed into a tablet form. In chewing, the compressed gum tablet is consolidated into a soft chewable substance.

In some embodiments, the compressible chewing gum composition is a single layer compressed tablet. In some embodiments, the compressible chewing gum composition is a compressed multi-layer tablet. The modalities of multi-layer tablets can have any desirable number of layers. The different layers can have the same or different thickness. In addition, the different layers include the same or different ingredients.

The compressed gum tablet may also have a coating layer surrounding the tablet. The coating layer may contain any ingredient conventionally used in the chewing gum art. For example, the coating may contain sugar, polyols or high intensity sweeteners or the like, coloring agents, flavoring agents and cooling agents and / or heat, among others.

Compressible chewing gum compositions or compressed tablets desirably have a very low moisture content. In some embodiments, the tablets are essentially free of water. Accordingly, some embodiments have a total water content of greater than about 0% to about 5% by weight of the composition. The density of the composition or tablet may be from about 0.2 to about 0.8 g / c. In addition, the compressible chewing gum compositions or tablets may have a dissolution rate of about 1 to about 20 minutes. When in a compressed tablet form, the chewing gum can have a Shore hardness of about 30 to about 200.

In contrast to the paste-mixed chewing gums where the gum mixture can achieve temperatures from 35 ° C to 60 ° C, the temperatures of the compressed chewing gum can remain around room temperature (23 ° C to 25 ° C). ° C). In some embodiments, subjecting the compressible chewing gum compositions to lower temperatures can protect temperature-sensitive ingredients from thermal degradation. Similarly, the absence of deep mixing at temperatures above ambient may protect release systems that include temperature sensitive ingredients or ingredients that undergo degradation of gum ingredients such as flavorings, plasticizers, etc. In addition, ingredients susceptible to chemical or thermal degradation due to conventional paste mixing may be less likely to experience degradation in compressed gum systems.

Confectionery compositions include confections other than chewing gum compositions. Instead of a gum base, the confectionery compositions may include a confectionery carrier. The confectionery carrier may be selected from a variety of carriers well known in the art. The selection of appropriate carriers depends on the type of confectionery being prepared.

In general, a candy confectionery has a base composed of a mixture of sugar or sugar-free sweetening agents and other carbohydrate volume agents preserved in a crystalline or amorphous condition. In some embodiments, at least one sweetening agent by itself may serve as the carrier for the confectionery composition or additional carrier components may be employed. Any of the subsequently established sweetness agents can be used. A general description of the composition and preparation of candy type confectionery can be found in E. B. Jackson, Ed. "Sugar Confectionery Manufacture," 2nd. Edition, Blackic Academy & Professional Press, Glasgow UK, (1990) on pages 129-169, as well as in H. A. Lieberman, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets, Volume 1 (1980), Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, N.Y. at pages 339 to 469, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Such confectionery compositions can be routinely prepared by conventional methods such as those involving direct fire cooking devices, vacuum cooking devices and scraper cooking devices also referred to as high-speed atmospheric cooking devices.

Direct fire cooking devices involve the traditional method of making a sweet base. In this method, the desired amount of carbohydrate volume agent is dissolved in water by heating the agent in a cauldron until the bulk agent dissolves. The additional volume agents can then be added and cooked continuously until a final temperature of 145 ° C to 155 ° C is achieved. The batch is subsequently cooled and worked as a plastic mass to incorporate additives such as flavorings, colorants and the like.A high-speed atmospheric cooking device uses a heat exchange surface that involves distributing a candy film on a heat exchange surface, the candy is heated to 165 ° C to 170 ° C in a few minutes. The caramel is then rapidly cooled to 00 ° C to 20 ° C and worked as a plastic mass allowing the incorporation of the additives, such as flavorings, colorants and the like.

In vacuum cooking devices, the carbohydrate volume agent is boiled at 125 ° to 132 ° C, the vacuum is applied and additional water is boiled separately without extra heating. When the cooking is complete, the dough is semi-solid and has a consistency like plastic. At this point, the flavors, colorants and other additives are mixed in the dough by routine mechanical mixing operations.

The optimum mixing required to uniformly mix the flavors, colorants and other additives during the conventional manufacture of candy confectionery is determined by the time necessary to obtain a uniform distribution of the materials. Normally, mixing times of 4 to 10 minutes have been found to be acceptable.

Once the caramel mass has been properly tempered, it can be cut into portions that can be worked or formed into desired shapes. A variety of forming techniques can be used depending on the shape and size of the desired final product.

Soft confectionery compositions include sugar pastes, chewy candies, chocolate topping, marshmallows and nougat and the like and may also include jams and jellies. The preparation of soft confectionery compositions, such as nougat, involves conventional methods, such as the combination of two primary components, namely (1) a high-boiling syrup and (2) a frappe of relatively light texture, generally prepared from egg albumin, gelatin, vegetable proteins such as soy-derived compounds, milk-derived compounds such as milk proteins and mixtures thereof. A general disclosure of the composition and preparation of such confectionery can be found in E. B. Jackson Ed. "Sugar Confectionery Manufacture," 2nd. Edition, Blackie Academy & Professional Press, Glasgow U (1990), on pages 70-235.

The high-boiling syrup or soft confectionery "molasses syrup" is relatively viscous and has a higher density than the frappe component and frequently contains a substantial amount of carbohydrate volume agent such as a hydrogenated starch hydrolyzate. Conventionally, the final nougat composition is prepared by the addition of "molasses syrup" for the frappe under agitation to form the basic nougat mixture. Additional ingredients such as flavorings, additional carbohydrate volume agents, colorants, preservatives, medicaments, mixtures thereof and the like can be added later also under agitation. A general disclosure of the composition and preparation of nougat confectionery can be found in B. W. Minifie, Chocolate, Cocoa and Confectionary: Science and Technology, 2nd. edition, AVI Publising Co. Inc. Westport, Coon. (1980) on pages 424-425, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The process for the preparation of soft confectionery involves the known procedures. In general, the frappe component is prepared first and subsequently the syrup component is slowly added under stirring at a temperature of at least about 65 ° C and preferably at least about 100 ° C. The mixture of components is continued to mix to form a uniform mixture, after which the mixture is cooled to a temperature below 80 ° C at that point, the flavor is added. The mixture is further mixed for an additional period until it is ready to be stirred and formed into appropriate confectionery shapes.

The confectionery compositions of compressed tablets contain particular materials and are formed in structures under pressure. These confectionery generally contain sugar or sugar substitutes in amounts above about 95% by weight of the composition and excipients of typical tablets such as binders and lubricants.

In general, the confectionery carrier is present in amounts of about 5% to about 99% by weight of the confectionery composition. More specifically, the confectionery carrier may be present in amounts of about 80% to about 99% by weight of the confectionery composition.

Both the chewing gum and the confectionery compositions described herein may include at least one sweetness agent. The sweetness agents include sugars, sugarless bulk sweeteners, high intensity sweeteners or the like or mixtures thereof.

Suitable sugar sweeteners generally include mono-saccharides, disaccharides and poly-saccharides such as but not limited to: sucrose (sugar), dextrose, maltose, dextrin, xylose, ribose, glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose (levulose), sugar inert, fructo oligosaccharide syrups, partially hydrolyzed starch, corn syrup solids and mixtures thereof.

Suitable unsweetened sugar sweeteners include sugar alcohols (or polyols) such as, but not limited to sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, galactitol, maltitol, hydrogenated isomaltulose (ISOMALT), lactitol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates and mixtures thereof.

Suitable hydrogenated starch hydrolysates include those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,279,931 and various hydrogenated glucose syrups and / or powders containing sorbitol, maltitol, hydrogenated disaccharides, hydrogenated higher polysaccharides or mixtures thereof. The hydrogenated starch hydrolysates are prepared primarily by the controlled catalytic hydrogenation of corn syrups. The resulting hydrogenated starch hydrolysates are mixtures of monomeric, dimeric and polymeric saccharides. The proportions of these different saccharides provide different properties of different hydrogenated starch hydrolysates. Mixtures of hydrogenated starch hydrolysates such as LYCASIN®, a commercially available product manufactured by Roquette Freres of France and HYSTAR®, a commercially available product manufactured by SPI Polyols, Inc. of New Castle, Delaware, are also useful.

In some embodiments, high intensity sweeteners may be used. Without being limited to particular sweeteners, representative categories and examples include: (a) water-soluble sweetening agents such as dihydrochalcones, monelin, steviosides, glycyrrhizin, dihydroflavenol, and sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, xylitol, erythritol and amides of aminoalkenoic acid esters of L-aminodicarboxylic acid, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,619,834, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, and mixtures thereof; (b) water-soluble artificial sweeteners such as soluble saccharin salts, ie sodium or calcium saccharin salts, cyclamate salts, the sodium, ammonium or calcium salt of 3,4-dihydro-6-methyl- 1, 2,3-oxathiazine-4-one-2,2-dioxide, the potassium salt of 3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4-one-2,2-dioxide (Acesulfame K), the free acid form of saccharin, and mixtures thereof, (c) sweeteners based on dipeptides, such as sweeteners derived from L-aspartic acid, such as the methyl ester of L-aspartyl-L phenylalanine (Aspartame), 1-methyl ester of N-LN- (3,3-dimethylbutyl) -L-aspartyl] -L-phenylalanine (Neotamo) and the materials described in US Pat. No. 3,492,131, hydrate L-alpha -partyl-N- (2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-thietanyl) -D-alaninamide (Alitame), methyl asters of L-aspartyl-L-phenylglycerin and L-aspartyl-L-2,5- dihydrophenyl glycine, L-aspartyl-2,5-dihydro-L-phenylalanine; L-aspartyl-L- (1-cyclohexen) -alanine, and mixtures thereof; (d) water-soluble sweeteners derived from water-soluble sweeteners of natural origin, such as chlorinated derivatives of common sugar (sucrose), for example, chlorodeoxysugar derivatives, such as chlorodeoxysucrose or chlorodeoxygalactosucrose derivatives, known, for example , under the product name of Sucralose; examples of chlorodeoxysucrose and chlorodeoxygalactosucrose derivatives include but are not limited to: 1-chloro-1'-deoxysucrose; 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-alpha-D-fructofuranoside, or 4-chloro-4-deoxygalactosucrose; 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-1-chloro-1-deoxy-beta-D-fructo-furanoside, or 4,1 '-dichloro-4,1'-dideoxygalactosucrose; 1 ', 6'-dichloro-1', 6'-dideoxysucrose; 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranoside, or 4, 1, 6'-trichloro-4,1 ', 6' -trideoxygalactosucrose; 4,6-dichloro-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-6-chloro-6-deoxy-beta-D-fructofuranoside, or 4,6,6'-trichloro-4,6,6'-trideoxygalactosucrose; 6,1 ', 6'-trichloro-6,1', 6'-trideoxysucrose; 4,6-dichloro-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galacto-pyranosyl-1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranoside, or 4,6,1 ', 6'-tetrachlor -4.6, 1 ', 6'-tetradeoxygalactosucrose; and 4.6, 1 ', 6'-tetradeoxy-sucrose, and mixtures thereof and (e) protein-based sweeteners such as t aumaoccous danielli (Thaumatin I and II) and talin; (f) the monatin sweetener (2-hydroxy-2- (indol-3-ylmethyl) -4-aminoglutaric acid) and its derivatives and (g) the sweetener Lo han guo (sometimes referred to as "Lo han kuo").

The intense sweetening agents can be used in many different physical forms well known in the art to provide an initial burst of sweeteners and / or a prolonged sensation of sweetness. Without being limited to this, said physical forms include free forms, such as encrusted, dew-dried, encapsulated forms and mixtures thereof.

In general, at least one sweetening agent is present in amounts of about 0.001% to about 95% by weight of the chewing gum or confectionery composition. More specifically, the volume sweeteners (sugars and sugar-free volume sweeteners) can be present in amounts of about 5% to about 95% by weight of the chewing gum or confectionery compositions. In some embodiments, the sweetening agents may be present in amounts of about 40% to about 90% by weight of the chewing gum or confectionery composition. Intense sweeteners may be present in amounts of about 0.001% to about 3% by weight of the composition, depending on the sweetener or combination of sweeteners used. The exact range of amounts for each type of amounts for each type of sweetener can be selected by those skilled in the art.

In addition, chewing gum and confectionery compositions include CPP-ACP. As mentioned above, the CPP-ACP is an anticaries agent. In general, the CPP-ACP may be present in amounts of about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the chewing gum or confectionery composition. In some embodiments, high levels of CPP-ACP can be used to reduce dental caries, for example, by approximately 16.9% on a chewing gum or confectionery that is free of CPP-ACP. For example, CPP-ACP may be present in amounts of at least about 3% by weight of the chewing gum or confectionery composition.

In some embodiments described herein, the chewing gum or confectionery composition may include an anticane agent, consisting essentially of CPP-ACP. In such embodiments, the anticaries agent may be present in amounts of about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the chewing gum or confectionery composition. In some embodiments, the anticaries agent may be present in amounts of at least about 3% by weight of the chewing gum or confectionery composition. In some embodiments, other oral care assets may be included with the CPP-ACP in the chewing gum or confectionery composition.

In some embodiments, the CPP-ACP may be incorporated in the chewing gum or the confectionery composition in a modified release form. For example, the CPP-ACP can be encapsulated to provide modified release features to the component. In general, the partial or complete encapsulation of the CPP-ACP with an encapsulating material can delay the release of the ingredient during the consumption of the chewing gum or the confectionery composition, therefore delaying when the ingredient becomes available within the the mouth, throat and / or stomach of the consumer, available to react or mix with another ingredient and / or available to provide some sensory and / or functional experience or therapeutic benefit. This can be particularly true when the ingredient is soluble in water or at least partially soluble in water.

In some embodiments, the CPP-ACP can be used in its encapsulated and / or non-encapsulated forms (sometimes referred to as "free"). In the confectionery or gum filled with center forms, for example, the CPP-ACP may be incorporated in one or more product regions filled in the center in their encapsulated and / or non-encapsulated forms. For example, in a gum with filling in the center, the encapsulated CPP-ACP can be included in the gum region and the unencapsulated CPP-ACP can be included in the filled region in the center. Alternatively, in some embodiments a combination of encapsulated CPP-ACP and unencapsulated CPP-ACP may be included in the same region of the product. The encapsulated and non-encapsulated forms can be used in the same or different amounts.

Suitable encapsulating materials for CPP-ACP may include water-insoluble polymers, co-polymers or other materials capable of forming a strong matrix, solid coating or film as a protective barrier with or for the ingredient. In some embodiments, the encapsulating material can completely enclose, cover or enclose the CPP-ACP. In other embodiments, the encapsulating material can enclose, cover, cover or partially enclose only the CPP-ACP. Different encapsulating materials can provide different release profiles or release rates for the encapsulated CPP-ACP. In some embodiments, the encapsulating material used in a delivery system may include one or more of the following: polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polymethylmethacrylate, polylactide acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl acetaphthalate, polyethylene glycol esters, methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and the like and combinations thereof.

A more detailed description of the appropriate encapsulating materials and techniques are provided in the PCT Application co-dependent of the assignee No. PCT / US06 / 19761, which is published as International Publication No. WO 2006/127618 which is incorporated herein. as a reference in its entirety.

The confectionery and chewing gum compositions may also include amounts of conventional additives selected from the group consisting of plasticizers, softeners, emulsifiers, waxes, fillers, bulking agents (carriers, binders, bulk sweeteners), mineral adjuvants, flavoring agents and coloring agents, physiological cooling agents, heat agents, tingling agents, antioxidants, acidulants, thickeners, medicaments, oral care active ingredients, such as other remineralization agents, antimicrobials and tooth whitening agents, as described in the co-pending US Patent Application of Assignee No. 10/901, 51 1, filed July 29, 2004 and entitled "Tooth Whitening Compositions and Delivery Systems Therefor.", which is incorporated herein in its entirety as reference and the like and mixtures thereof. Some of these additives may serve more than for a purpose. For example, in sugar-free gum compositions, a sweetener, such as maltitol or other sugar alcohol, may also function as a bulking agent.

In some embodiments, for example, the chewing gum or confectionery composition may include at least one flavoring (flavoring, flavoring or flavoring agent). At least one flavoring may include those flavors known to those skilled in the art, such as natural and artificial flavors. These flavors can be selected from synthetic flavor oils and aromatic oils and / or flavorings and extracts derived from plants, leaves, flowers, fruits and so on and combinations thereof. Representative non-limiting flavor oils include peppermint oil, cinnamon oil, wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate), black peppermint oil, Japanese peppermint oil, clove oil, bay oil, anise oil, eucalyptus oil, thyme oil, cedar leaf oil, nutmeg oil, jamaica pepper, sage oil, mace, bitter almond oil and cassia oil. Flavors are also useful synthetic and natural, artificial fruit flavors such as vanilla and citrus oils including lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit, yazu, sudachi and fruit essences including apple, pear, peach, grape, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, cherry , plum, pineapple, melon, apricot, banana, green melon, damask, ume, cherry, raspberry, blackberry, tropical fruit, mango, mangosteen, pomegranate, papaya and so on. Other potential flavors whose release profiles can be handled include a milk flavor, a butter flavor, a cheese flavor, a cream flavor and a yoghurt flavor, a vanilla flavor, tea and coffee flavors, such as flavor of green tea, an oolong tea flavor, a tea flavor, a cocoa flavor, a chocolate flavor and a coffee flavor; mint flavors, such as a black mint flavor, a spearmint flavor and a Japanese mint flavor, flavors to spices, such as an asafetida flavor, a garlic flavor, an anise flavor, an angelica flavor, a sweet fennel flavor, a Jamaican pepper flavor, a cinnamon flavor, a chamomile flavor, a mustard flavor, a cardamom flavor, a cumin flavor, a clove flavor, a pepper flavor, a flavor a cilantro, a sassafras flavor, an appetizing flavor, a Zanthoxyli fruit flavor, a knob flavor, a juniper berry flavor, a ginger flavor, a star anise flavor, a French jasmine flavor, a flavor to thyme, a tarragon flavor, a dill flavor, a pepper flavor, a nutmeg flavor, a basil flavor, a oregano flavor, a rosemary flavor, a bayleaf flavor and a wasabi flavor (a Japanese jasmine); alcoholic flavors, such as a wine flavor, a whiskey flavor, a brandy flavor, a rum flavor, a gin flavor and a liquor flavor; floral flavors and vegetable flavors such as an onion flavor, a garlic flavor, a cabbage flavor, a carrot flavor, a celery flavor, a mushroom flavor and a tomato flavor. These flavoring agents can be used in solid or liquid form and can be used individually or as a mixture. The commonly used flavors include mints such as black mint, menthol, spearmint, artificial vanilla, cinnamon derivatives and various fruit flavors, whether used individually or as a blend. Flavors can also provide breath freshening properties, particularly mint flavors when used in combination with the cooling agents described later herein.

In some embodiments, other flavorings include aldehydes and esters such as cinnamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, citral diethylacetal, dihydrocarvyl acetate, eugenyl formate, p-methylamisol and so forth can be used. Generally any flavorings or food additive such as those described in Chemicals Used in Food Processing, publication 1274 pages 63-258 by the National Academy of Sciences can be used. This publication is incorporated herein by reference. These can include both natural and synthetic flavors.

Additional examples of aldehyde flavors include but are not limited to acetaldehyde (apple), benzaldehyde (cherry, almond), anisic aldehyde (licorice, anise), cinnamic aldehyde (cinnamon), citral, ie, alpha-citral (lemon, lime ), neral, that is, beta-citral (lemon, lime), decanal (orange, lemon), ethyl vanillin (vanilla, cream), heliotrope, that is, piperonal (vanilla, cream), vanillin (vanilla, cream) , alpha-amyl cinnamaldehyde (fruit flavorings with spices), butyraldehyde (butter, cheese), valeraldehyde (butter, cheese), citronellal (modifiers, many types), decanal (citrus fruits), aldehyde C-8 (citrus fruits), aldehyde C-9 (citrus fruits), aldehyde C-12 (citrus fruits), butyraldehyde of 2-ethyl (berries), hexenal, ie trans-2 (berries), tolyl aldehyde (cherry, almond), veratraldehyde (vanilla) ), 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptanal, ie, melonal (melon), 2,6-dimethyloctanal (green fruit) and 2-dodecenal (citrus, tangerine ), cherry, grape, blueberry, blackberry, strawberry cake and mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the flavoring agent can be used in liquid form and / or dry form. When employed in this latter form, suitable drying means such as spray drying can be used to dry the liquid, Alternatively, the flavoring agent can be absorbed in water soluble materials such as cellulose, starch, sugar, maltodextrin, gum arabic and so on. successively or they can be encapsulated. In still other embodiments, the flavoring agent can be absorbed into silicas, zeolites and the like.

In some embodiments, flavoring agents can be used in many different physical forms. Without being limited thereto, said physical forms include free forms, such as spray drying, powder forms, encapsulated forms and mixtures thereof.

In general, at least one flavor is present in amounts of about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the chewing gum or confectionery composition. More specifically, the flavors may be present in amounts of about 0.5% to about 50% by weight of the chewing gum or the confectionery compositions.

The coloring agents can be used in effective amounts to produce the desired color. The coloring agents can include pigments that can be incorporated in amounts of up to about 6% by weight of the chewing gum or confectionery composition. For example, titanium dioxide may be incorporated in amounts of about 2% and preferably less than about 1% by weight of the composition. The colorants may also include natural food colors and dyes suitable for food, drugs and cosmetic applications. These dyes are known as dyes and lacquers F. D. & C. Materials acceptable for the above uses are preferably water soluble. Non-limiting non-limiting examples include the indigoid dye known as F.D. &C .; Blue No. 2, which is the disodium salt of 5,5-indigotindisulfonic acid. Similarly, the dye known as F.D. &C. Green No. 1 comprises a tifenilmethane dye and is the monosodium salt of 4- [4- (N-ethyl-p-sulfoniumbenzylamino) diphenylmethylene] - [1 - (N-ethyl-Np-sulfoniumbenzyl) -delta-2,5- cyclohexadienoimine]. A complete description of all dyes F.D. & C. and their corresponding chemical structures can be found in the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd. Edition, in volume 5 on pages 857-884, the text of which is incorporated herein by reference.

A variety of known cooling agents can be employed. For example, useful cooling agents include menthol, xylitol, erythritol, menthone, menthone, menthyl acetate, menthyl salicylate, N, 2,3-trimethyl-2-isopropyl butanamide (WS-23), N-ethyl. -p-menthane-3-carboxamide (WS-3), menthyl succinate, 3,1 -mentoxypropane 1,2-diol and glutarate esters, among others and combinations thereof. These and other appropriate cooling agents are further described in the following US Patent, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: US 4,230,688 and 4,032,661 to Rowsell et al., 4,459,425 to Amano et al., 4,136,163 to Watson. et al and 5,266,592 to Grub et al.

The heat agents can be selected from a wide variety of known compounds to provide the sensory heat signal to the individual user. These compounds offer the perceived sensation of heat, particularly in the oral cavity and commonly improve the perception of flavors, sweeteners and other organoleptic components. Useful heat agents include those that have at least one vinyl allyl component, which can bind to the oral receptors. Appropriate examples of suitable heat agents include but are not limited to: n-butyl ether of vanillyl alcohol (TK-1000, supplied by Takasago Perfumery Company Ltd. Tokyo, Japan); alcohol vanillyl n-propyl ether, vanillyl alcohol isopropyl ether, vanillyl alcohol isobutyl ether, vanillyl alcohol n-amino ether, vanillyl alcohol isoamyl ether, vanillyl alcohol n-hexyl ether; methyl alcohol of vanillyl alcohol, vanillyl alcohol ethyl ester, gingerol, shogaol, paradol, zingerone, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, sodium-alcohol, benzyl alcohol, glycerin, chloroform, eugenol, oil cinnamon, cinnamic aldehyde, phosphate derivatives thereof and combinations thereof.

The tingling agents can be used to provide a tingling, itching or numbness to the user. Tingling agents include, but are not limited to: Bamboo oleoresin or cress (Spilanthes sp.), In which the active ingredient is Spilantol; Japanese pepper extract (Zanthoxylum peperitum), including the ingredients known as Saanshool-I, Saanshool-ll and Sanshoamida, black pepper extract (black pepper), including the active ingredients chavicina and piperidina; Echinacea extract; northern thorny ash extract; red pepper oleoresin and effervescent agents, such as acids and edible bases, which can be encapsulated. Tingling agents are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,780,443 to Nakatsu et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,407,665 to McLaughlin et al., U.S. Patent No. 6, 159,509 to Johnson et al, and U.S. Patent No. 5,545,424. from Nakatsu et al., each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety as a reference.

Other conventional confectionery or rubber additives known to one skilled in the confectionery and chewing gum art can also be used in the compositions.

In some embodiments, the chewing gum or confectionery composition may be free of sodium bicarbonate. More specifically, some known confectionery and chewing gums have included sodium bicarbonate with CPP-ACP to reduce plaque on consumption. Sodium bicarbonate can also be used as a filler. The modalities described in this document, however, may be free of sodium bicarbonate and CPP-ACP may only reduce dental caries. In particular, CPP-ACP in amounts of at least about 3% by weight of the chewing gum or confectionery composition can reduce caries by approximately 16.9% on chewing gum and confectionery compositions that are free of CPP -ACP. Similarly, some embodiments described herein may be free of any mineral filler.

Some embodiments are directed to chewing gum or confectionery compositions consisting essentially of some of the components described above. More specifically, in some embodiments, a chewing gum composition for reducing dental caries can consist essentially of a gum base, at least one sweetening agent, CPP-ACP present in amounts of at least about 3% by weight of the composition of rubber, at least one flavor, at least one coloring agent and at least one surfactant. Similarly, in some embodiments, a confectionery composition may consist essentially of a confectionery carrier, at least one sweetening agent, CPP-ACP present in amounts of at least about 3% by weight of the confectionery composition, at least one flavor and at least one coloring agent.

As mentioned above, the chewing gum compositions can be provided as a variety of different products, such as bars, granules, strips, gums with center fill, deposited gums and compressed gums. Confectionery compositions can also be provided as a variety of different products, such as bars, granules, bars, gums with center fill, deposited gums and compressed gums. The confectionery compositions may also be provided as a variety of different products, such as candies, soft candies, candies with center fill, cotton candy, compressed tablets, bars, edible films, nougat, caramels, frappe and chewy. Any of the confectionery products and chewing gums may have a coating thereon, which may at least partially surround or wrap the product.

More specifically, in some embodiments, the chewing gum or confectionery product may include a chewing gum or confectionery region and a coating region. The chewing gum region can be formed from any of the chewing gum compositions described above. Similarly, the confectionery region can be formed from any of the confectionery compositions described above. The coating region can at least partially surround the chewing gum or the confectionery region. CPP-ACP can be located in the chewing gum or the coating region in the coating region or in both regions.

Some other modalities are directed to confectionery products or chewing gum with filling in the center. Chewing gums with center fill may include a filled region at the center and a rubber region at least partially surrounding or positioned adjacent to the center filled region. The gum region can be formed from any of the chewing gum compositions described above. Confectionery with center filling, such as, for example, candies with filling in the center, may include a filled region in the center and a confectionery region, such as hard or chewy candy region, at least partially surrounding or positioned adjacent to the region with fill in the center. The confectionery region can be formed from any of the confectionery compositions described above. The CPP-ACP can be located in the region of rubber or confectionery, the region with filling in the center or in both regions.

The region with filling in the center of the gum or confectionery product may be a liquid, solid or semi-solid, gas or the like. The embodiments may include a filled composition in the liquid center, as well as some semi-solid liquid filled compositions may involve what concerns the retention of the liquid center during manufacture and duration, as mentioned above. In the chewing gum modalities it may be desirable, therefore to employ the gum region compositions with gums with liquid filler that substantially reduce or prevent the leakage of the liquid center. Appropriate gum region compositions are described in co-pending U.S. Application No. 1 1 / 210,954 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, products with center fill may also include a coating region that at least partially surrounds the gum region or the confectionery region.

In confectionery and chewing gum covered modalities, the outer layer may be soft, hard or crunchy. Any suitable coating material known to those skilled in the art can be employed. Typically, the outer coating may include sorbitol, maltitol, xylitol, isomalt, erythritol and other crystallizing polyols; Sucrose can also be used. Therefore, the coating may include several opaque layers, so that the chewing gum or confectionery composition is not visible through the coating by itself, which may optionally be covered with an additional or more transparent layer for protective purposes, of texture and aesthetics. The outer coating may also contain small amounts of water and gum arabic. The coating can also be covered with wax. The coating can be applied in a conventional manner by successive applications of a coating solution with drying between each layer. As the layer dries it usually becomes opaque and is usually white, although other colorants may be added. A polyol coating can also be covered with wax. The coating may also include flakes or colored dots. If the composition includes a coating, it is possible that one or more of the active oral care products may be dispersed throughout the coating. This is especially preferred if one or more oral care assets are incompatible in a one-phase composition with another of the assets. Flavors can also be added to produce unique product characteristics.

Other materials can be added to the coating to achieve the desired properties. These materials may include, without limitation, cellulosics such as carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, xanthan gum and gum arabic.

The coating composition can be applied by any method known in the art including the method described above. The coating composition may be present in an amount of from about 2% to about 60%, more specifically from about 25% to about 45% by weight of the total chewing gum or the confectionery product.

Products with center fill can be formed by any technique known in the art, including the method described in US Pat. No. 6,280,780 to Degady et al. ("Degady"), which is incorporated in this document in its entirety as a reference.

Some modalities, described in this document, extend to methods of reducing or preventing dental caries in mammals, particularly by decreasing the progress and improving the regression of caries lesions. Such methods may be particularly useful for reducing or preventing dental caries in humans. Accordingly, any chewing gum or confectionery products described above can be applied in the oral cavity of a mammal. The product may include a gum base for the chewing gums or a confectionery carrier for confectionery, at least one sweetening agent and CPP-ACP as described herein. Any of the optional additives described above may also be included.

Once the chewing gum product is applied in the oral cavity, it can be chewed for a sufficient time to reduce caries formation. Similarly, once the confectionery product is applied in the oral cavity, it can be retained therein for a sufficient time to reduce caries formation. More specifically, in some modalities, such periods of time may be sufficient to decrease progress and improve the regression of caries lesions. These periods of time may be at least 1 minute, more specifically at least 10 minutes in some modalities.

These methods can reduce or prevent the formation of cavities to a greater extent than the chewing of a sugar-free chewing gum product that is free of CPP-ACP for the same period of time. More specifically, chewing one of the chewing gum products described in this document can reduce caries formation by approximately 16.9% on sugar-free chewing gum products that are free of CPP-ACP. Similarly, the retention of one of the confectionery products described herein in the oral cavity can reduce caries formation by approximately 16.9% on confectionery that is free of CPP-ACP.

In addition, in some modalities, chewing gum or confectionery product may display a brand or logo (ie, slogans, trademarks, terms and colors) that communicate the presence of CPP-ACP in an amount sufficient to reduce or prevent tooth decay In some modalities, the chewing gum or the confectionery product itself can unfold the brand or logo. In some other modalities, the chewing gum or confectionery product may be housed within packages that display the brand or logo.

The brand or logo that communicates the presence of CPP-ACP can also be marked for consumers in a variety of ways. Appropriate marketing strategies include, for example, press, radio, satellite radio, television, cinema and online advertising campaigns, point of purchase advertisements, billboard advertisements, advertisements on both television and public transport, instant messages, ringtones of telephone and the like.

Some modalities described in this document can be extended to teams that address the problem of dental caries in mammals. In particular, in some embodiments, a kit can be provided to reduce dental caries in a mammal. The equipment may include any of the confectionery or chewing gum products described in this document. The kit also includes a set of instructions for using the confectionery or chewing gum product and a package for housing the chewing gum or the confectionery product and the instruction set. Similar equipment for the prevention of tooth decay in a mammal or for slowing down progress and improving regression of caries lesions in a mammal are also provided.

Compositions and Methods for Remineralizing and / or Imparting Resistance to Acid to Dental Surfaces As mentioned above, many consumers, particularly children, enjoy confectionery and chewing gums containing acid. Acids can be used in chewing gums and confectionery for a variety of reasons. Sometimes the acids are used to add flavor, such as in the gums flavored with fruits, to add sour flavor or promote wetting of the mouth or the like. As mentioned above, however, gums containing acid can lead to demineralization of dental surfaces.

Accordingly, some embodiments described herein extend to acid-containing compositions for remineralization and / or to impart acid resistance to the dental surface of a mammal. In general, these compositions can be confectionery and chewing gum products using CPP-ACP in combination with a food grade acid. Such products may remineralize and / or impart a greater degree of acid resistance to dental surfaces than similar compositions that are free of CPP-ACP.

The chewing gum compositions may include a gum base, at least one sweetening agent, CPP-ACP and at least one food grade acid. The chewing gum compositions can be provided in any of the ways described above.

The confectionery compositions may include a confectionery carrier, at least one sugar-free sweetening agent, the CPP-ACP and at least one food grade acid. The confectionery compositions may also be provided in any of the ways described above.

The confectionery or chewing gum compositions may also include additional oral care assets such as but not limited to bleaching actives, antimicrobial actives, breath freshening actives, sensory actives and other remineralization actives.

The confectionery compositions and the chewing gum may also include at least one flavor and a variety of optional additives. Sugar-free compositions may be desirable and include sugar-free sweetening agents previously established.

The gum base, the confectionery carrier, the sweetening agents, the flavorings and the optimum additives, such as coloring agents, used in the chewing gum and the confectionery compositions are all described above in the section entitled "Compositions and Methods for Dental Caries Reduction ". These components can be used in the same amounts described above.

The confectionery and chewing gum compositions also include CPP-ACP and at least one food grade acid. The CPP-ACP may generally be present in amounts of about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the confectionery composition or chewing gum. More specifically, in some embodiments of confectionery and chewing gum for remineralization and / or imparting acid resistance to dental surfaces, CPP-ACP may be present in amounts from about 0.5% to about 1.5% by weight of the composition.

At least one food grade acid included in the chewing gum and confectionery compositions may include but not limited to: acetic acid, atypical acid, ascorbic acid, butyric acid, citric acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, glyconic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid and combinations thereof.

The food grade acids may be present in amounts of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight of the chewing gum or confectionery composition. More specifically, in some embodiments, the food grade acids may be present in amounts of about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the chewing gum or confectionery composition and even more specifically about 2.5% to about 5% by weight of chewing gum or confectionery composition.

The confectionery and chewing gum compositions may include any of the other additives described above. In addition, confectionery compositions and chewing gum can be provided in any of the above-described product forms, such as, for example, gums with center filling and confectionery. In addition, as described above, the CPP-ACP may be present in a variety of different regions of the product in some embodiments.

As described above, the CPP-ACP can be used in its encapsulated and / or unencapsulated form. At least one food grade acid may also be used in its encapsulated and / or non-encapsulated form. The CPP-ACP and the food grade acid can be encapsulated separately or together as a mixture. In some embodiments in which the CPP-ACP and the food grade acid are encapsulated separately, the same or different encapsulation materials can be used.

In the confectionery modalities with center fill or rubber with filling in the center, for example, the CPP-ACP and at least one food-grade acid can be incorporated into one or more regions of the product with filling in the center in its forms encapsulated and / or not encapsulated. For example, in a gum with filling in the center, the encapsulated CPP-ACP can be included in the gum region and an encapsulated food-grade acid can be included in the filled region in the center. Alternatively, a mixture of CPP-ACP and a food grade acid can be encapsulated together and incorporated into one or more regions of the product. In some other embodiments, at least one of the components can be used in their encapsulated or non-encapsulated forms. For example, CPP-ACP may be included in its encapsulated and non-encapsulated forms in combination with a food grade acid, which may or may not be encapsulated. The encapsulated and non-encapsulated forms can be used in the same or in different amounts.

In some embodiments, the chewing gum or confectionery product may also display a brand or logo, or lodge within the package that displays a brand or logo, as described above.

Some embodiments described herein extend to remineralization methods of dental surfaces in mammals, as well as to methods for imparting acid resistance to dental surfaces of mammals. Such methods may be particularly useful for remineralization and / or for imparting acid resistance to the dental surfaces of humans. In accordance with such methods, any of the confectionery products or chewing gum described above can be applied in the oral cavity of a mammal. The product may include a gum base, for chewing gums or a confectionery carrier for confectionery, at least one sweetening agent, CPP-ACP and at least one food grade acid, as described herein. Any of the other optional additives described above may also be included.

Once the chewing gum product is applied in the oral cavity, it can be chewed for a sufficient time to remineralize the dental surface of the mammal. Similarly, once the confectionery product is applied in the oral cavity, it can be retained therein for a sufficient time to reduce caries formation. These periods of time can be at least 1 minute, more specifically, at least 10 minutes in some modalities.

These methods can remineralize dental surfaces to a greater extent than by chewing a chewing gum product that is free of CPP-ACP for the same period of time. More specifically, chewing one of the chewing gum products described above can lead to at least about 10% more remineralization than chewing gums that include a food grade acid, but are free of CPP-ACP. In addition, chewing one of the chewing gums described above can cause at least 3% more remineralization than chewing gums that are free of both CPP-ACP and food-grade acid. The same benefits of remineralization can be achieved with the confectionery products described above. These benefits may be particularly applicable in sugar-free gums and confectionery products.

According to some embodiments, chewing one of the chewing gums or confectioners described above may impart a greater amount of acid resistance to tooth surfaces than a chewing gum product that is free of CPP-ACP for the same period of time . More specifically, the chewing gum products described above can impart at least about 13% more acid resistance than chewing gums that include a food grade acid, but are free of CPP-ACP. Additionally, the chewing gums described above can impart at least 4% more acid resistance than chewing gums that are free of both CPP-ACP and food grade acid. The same benefits of acid resistance can be achieved with the confectionery products described above. These benefits may also be particularly applicable in sugar-free gums and confectionery products.

Some embodiments described in this document can be extended to equipment to address the problem of demineralization of dental surfaces in mammals. In particular, in some embodiments, a device may be provided for the remineralization of dental surfaces. The kit may include any chewing gum or confectionery product described above, which may include CPP-ACP and food grade acids. The equipment may also include a set of instructions for using the gum product or the confectionery product and a package for housing the chewing gum or the confectionery product and the instruction set. Similar equipment for imparting acid resistance to tooth surfaces in a mammal is also provided.

The features and advantages of the present invention are more broadly shown by the following examples which are provided for purposes of illustration and are not constructed to limit the invention in any way.

EXAMPLES Example 1: This example shows the anticariogenicity of the sugarless chewing gum containing CPP-ACP as compared to that of a sugarless chewing gum control in a sample of adolescents employing usual oral hygiene practices.

A strip of chewing gum without sugar containing CPP-ACP was prepared according to the formulation in Table 1 below. A strip of control-free sugar chewing gum that is free of CPP-ACP was prepared in accordance with the formulation in Table 2 below.

Table 1: Chewing Gum Strip without Sugar Containing CPP-ACP Table 2: CPP-ACP Free Sugar Free Chewing Gum Strip ("control rubber") Individual pieces of chewing gum were formulated in accordance with Table 1 above containing 54.4 mg CPP-ACP. The control gum is identical to the sugar-free chewing gum containing CPP-ACP except formulated without the CPP-ACP.

The sugar-free chewing gum containing CPP-ACP and the control gum were used in a two-year double-result randomized trial designed to measure the comparative reduction in dental caries. The test was carried out using 2,720 adolescents (around the age of 12 years) who underwent usual oral hygiene care in a period of two years including normal dental visits and drinking water containing fluoride. The gums were chewed three times a day for 10 minutes per session. The test group chewed the sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP and the control group chewed the control gum. Standardized digital radiographs (dental X-ray radiographs) of each subject's tooth were taken at the baseline at the end of the study (24 months) using the Dexis digital X-ray system. X-rays were marked and evaluated for the proximal surface of the dental caries in both the enamel and the dentin level. The analysis of cavity progression or regression was made using a transition matrix. The results showed a statistically significant difference in the distributions of the transition results in the two groups.

In particular, the sugarless chewing gum containing CPP-ACP decreased the progress of the carious lesion as compared to the control gum. For subjects chewing sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP, 814 (4.41%) of the surfaces nearby experienced caries progress compared with 932 (5.31%) of the surfaces nearby in the control group, which is a reduction of 16.9 % as compared to the control group. The test also showed that the sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP improved the regression of the caries lesions compared with the control gum. In particular, 56 (0.30%) of the proximal surfaces that experienced decay of the caries with the sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP compared with 36 (0.21%) of the surfaces next to the gum control. Additionally, a larger percentage of the neighboring surfaces remained unchanged with the sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP than with the control gum. These results are provided in greater detail in Table 3 below.

Table 3: Results of Digital Radiographs In particular, the transition results represent the transition from the measurement of the baseline to the measurement at the end of the test. The negative transition results represent the regression of dental caries, in view of the fact that the positive transition results represent the progress of dental caries. As can be seen in Table 4, for example, the control gum resulted in the regression of 0.21% of dental caries, in view of the fact that the CPP-ACP containing the gum resulted in 0.3% of the regression of dental caries as It was mentioned above.

Therefore, the sugarless chewing gum containing 54.4 mg (3% by weight) of CPP-ACP significantly decreased the progress and improved the regression of dental caries in a two-year test relative to chewing gum without normal sugar .

Example 2: This example shows the remineralization and the acid resistant effects of the sugarless chewing gum containing CPP-ACP and a food grade acid as compared to the sugarless chewing gums of control.

A sugarless chewing gum granule containing CPP-ACP and citric acid was prepared according to the first formulation in Table 4 below. Two granules of chewing gum without sugar control were also prepared. The first control gum contained citric acid, but was free of CPP-ACP as indicated by the second formulation in Table 4 below ("Control with acid"). The second control gum was free of both citric acid and CPP-ACP as indicated by the third formulation in Table 4 below ("Control without acid").

Table 4: Chewing Gum Formulations The individual gum granules were formulated in accordance with each of the formulations in Table 4 above. The sugar-free gum of the first formulation (2 granules) contained 18.8 mg of CPP-ACP and 20 mg of citric acid. The sugarless gum of the second formulation (2 granules) contained 20 mg of citric acid alone. The sugar-free gum of the third formulation (2 granules) did not contain citric acid or CPP-ACP.

The three different sugar-free chewing gums were used in a 14-day double-result randomized test designed to measure remineralization and the effects of acid resistance of an acid-containing gum and CPP-ACP. The test was carried out using 10 subjects who carried removable palatal devices. The palatal devices each had 4 insertions of madia strip of human enamel containing lesions on the demineralized sub-surface. The gums (2 granules) were chewed 4 times a day for 20 minutes per session. At the end of each chewing session, the half enamel strips were removed and half of the remineralized lesion was treated with lactic acid / carbopol for 16 hours. The enamel strips were subsequently incised, sectioned and subjected to microradiography to determine the level of remineralization.

The results of the remineralization and acid resistance are shown in Table 5 below.

Table 5: Results As can be seen from the results in Table 5, chew the gum it contains CPP-ACP and citric acid resulted in significantly higher remineralization than chewing gum that does not contain CPP-ACP or citric acid or gum that contains citric acid alone. In addition, the 16-hour acid resistance test of the remineralized lesions showed that the mineral level after the acid test was significantly greater than the gum containing CPP-ACP and the citric acid as compared to the two gums control.

Therefore, sugar-free chewing gum containing CPP-ACP and acid significantly promote remineralization of tooth surfaces.

Examples 3-6: The following are examples of the modified release, ie, encapsulated forms of CPP-ACP and various food grade acids (atypical, citrus and malic). The encapsulated CPP-ACP of Example 3 can be used in chewing gum or confectionery compositions to reduce dental caries. CPP-ACP can also be used in combination with one or more of the encapsulated acids of Examples 4-6 to provide chewing gum or confectionery compositions to remineralize and / or impart acid resistance to dental surfaces.

In addition, each of the encapsulated components of Examples 3-6 can be incorporated in the chewing gum or confectionery compositions in combination of the unencapsulated form of the component. For example, the CPP-ACP of Example 3 can be combined with unencapsulated CPP-ACP for use in chewing gum or confectionery composition to reduce dental caries. The encapsulated and non-encapsulated forms can be used in the same or in different amounts.

Similarly, each of the encapsulated acids of Examples 4-6 can be combined with free amounts of the same acid for use in chewing gum or confectionery compositions for remineralization and / or for imparting acid resistance to tooth surfaces. The combinations of different acids can be used. The encapsulated and non-encapsulated forms can be used in the same or different amounts.

Example 3: Encapsulation of the CPP-ACP-Polyvinyl Acetate Matrix Composition: Ingredient Percentage in Weight Polyvinyl acetate 55.00% Hydrogenated oil 3.75% Glycerol monostearate 1.25% CPP-ACP 40.00% Total 100.00% The polyvinyl acetate was mixed at a temperature of approximately 80 ° C in a high shear mixer such as an extruder (single or twin screw) or Sigma or Banbury mixer. The glycerol monostearate and hydrogenated oil were subsequently added to the molten polyvinyl acetate. The CPP-ACP is then added to the resulting mixture and mixed under high cut to completely disperse the ingredients. The resulting mixed filled polymer is cooled and ground to produce a powder material with a particle size of less than 420 microns. The encapsulated matrix is stored in hermetic containers with low humidity below 35 ° C.

The polyvinyl acetate was mixed at a temperature of about 10 ° C in a high-cut mixer such as an extruder (single or double thyme) or a Sigma or Banbury mixer. The glycerol monostearate and hydrogenated oil were subsequently added to the molten polyvinyl acetate. The adipic acid is then added to the resulting mixture and mixed under high cut to completely disperse the ingredients. The resulting mixed filled polymer is cooled and ground to produce a powder material with a particle size of less than 420 microns. The encapsulated matrix of atypical acid is stored in hermetic containers with low humidity below 35 ° C.

Example 5: Encapsulation of the citric acid-Polyvinyl Acetate Matrix Composition: Ingredient Percentage in Weight Polyvinyl acetate 55.00% Hydrogenated oil 3.75% Glycerol monostearate 1.25% Citric acid 40.00% Total 100.00% The polyvinyl acetate was mixed in a temperature of approximately 1 10 ° C in a high-cut mixer such as extruder (single or double screw) or Sigma or Banbury mixer. The glycerol monostearate and hydrogenated oil were subsequently added to the molten polyvinyl acetate. The citric acid is subsequently added to the resulting mixture and mixed under high cut to completely disperse the ingredients. The resulting mixed filled polymer is cooled and ground to produce a powder material with a particle size of less than 420 microns. The encapsulated citric acid matrix is stored in hermetic containers with low humidity below 35 ° C.

The polyvinyl acetate was mixed at a temperature of about 10 ° C in a high shear mixer such as an extruder (single or twin screw) or Sigma or Banbury mixer. The glycerol monostearate and hydrogenated oil were subsequently added to the molten polyvinyl acetate. The malic acid is subsequently added to the resulting mixture and mixed under high cut to completely disperse the ingredients. The resulting mixed filled polymer is cooled and ground to produce a powder material with a particle size of less than 420 microns. The malic acid encapsulation matrix is stored in hermetic containers with low humidity below 35 ° C.

Claims

CLAIMS 1 . A rubber composition comprising: (a) a gum base; (b) at least one sweetening agent, (c) calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and (d) at least one food grade acid. 2. The chewing gum composition according to claim 1, wherein said chewing gum composition comprises a gum region and a coating region and said calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide is located in a region selected from the group consisting of of said chewing gum region, said coating region and combinations thereof. 3. The chewing gum composition according to any of claims 1 -2, wherein said chewing gum composition comprises a gum with filling in the center, said gum with filling in the center comprises a filling region in the center and a gum region at least partially surrounding said region with filling in the center and said calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide is located in a region selected from the group consisting of said gum region, said region with filling in the center and combinations thereof. 4. The chewing gum composition according to any of claims 1 - 3, wherein said calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide is encapsulated. 5. The chewing gum composition according to any of claims 1 -4, wherein said at least one food grade acid is encapsulated. 6. The chewing gum composition according to any of claims 1-5, wherein said composition comprises a chewing gum product comprising about 18 mg of calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and about 20 mg of said acid. of food grade. 7. The chewing gum composition according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein said composition provides about 13% remineralization to the teeth in chewing. 8. The chewing gum composition according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein said chewing gum composition comprises a chewing gum product exhibiting a brand or logo that communicates the presence of said calcium phosphate-phosphopeptide. of casein and said food-grade acid in amounts sufficient to promote remineralization of tooth surfaces or to impart acid resistance to tooth surfaces. 9. A method for remineralizing the dental surface of a mammal, comprising the steps of: (a) applying a chewing gum product to the oral cavity of the mammal, wherein the chewing gum product comprises: (i) a base of rubber; (ii) at least one sweetening agent; (iii) calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and (iv) at least one food-grade acid and (b) chewing the chewing gum product for a sufficient time to remineralize the individual's dental surface. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the chewing gum product comprises a sugarless chewing gum product and chewing the sugarless chewing gum product remineralizes the dental surface of the mammal by at least about 10% more than chewing a sugarless chewing gum product comprising a food grade acid but which is free of calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide. eleven . A method for imparting acid resistance to the dental surface of a mammal comprising the steps of: (a) applying a chewing gum product to the oral cavity of the mammal, wherein the chewing gum product comprises: (i) a rubber base; (ii) at least one sweetening agent; (iii) calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and (iv) at least one food-grade acid and (b) chewing the chewing gum product for a sufficient time to impart acid resistance to the dental surface of the mammal. 12. The method according to any of claims 9-1 1, wherein the chewing gum product comprises a sugar-free chewing gum product and chewing the sugar-free chewing gum product imparts at least about 13% more resistance to chewing gum. acid to the dental surface of the mammal that chews a sugarless chewing gum product comprising a food grade acid but that is free of calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide. 13. The method according to any one of claims 9-12, wherein said mammal chews said rubber gum product for at least about 1 minute. 14. The method according to any one of claims 9-13, wherein said calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide is present in amounts of about 0.5 to about 5% by weight of said product. 15. A device for remineralizing the dental surface of a mammal or for imparting acid resistance to the dental surface of a mammal comprising: (a) a chewing gum product comprising a gum base, calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide and minus a food grade acid; (b) a set of instructions for using said chewing gum product and (c) a package for housing said chewing gum product and said set of instructions.