MX2008007387A - Array antenna with enhanced scanning - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an improved array antenna, an array antenna system and an improved method for utilizing the improved array antenna and array antenna system. This is accomplished by an array antenna comprising a region of reference potential, e.g. a ground plane, and a spatially extended collection of at least two antenna elements capable of being at least partly balanced driven and at least partly unbalanced driven. The antenna elements have a first radiating element connected to a first port and a second radiating element connected to a second port. In other words, the antenna element has at least two ports. The radiating elements are arranged substantially adjacent and parallel to each other so as to extend at least a first distance approximately perpendicularly from said region of reference potential. The antenna element is further comprising a radiating arrangement connectedto said first and said second radiating elements so as to extend at least a second distance above and approximately parallel to said region of ground reference.

Description

Network of Antennas with Enhanced Sweep Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a network of antennas for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation and more particularly to a network of antennas with an improved direction of the antenna lobe, in particular the direction of the antenna lobe.

Background of the Invention Antenna networks and in particular phase-controlled antennas networks have become more attractive, not only for military applications but also for civil and commercial applications Antenna networks can be used advantageously in radar systems, in radio telescopes or in the so-called base stations in a wireless telecommunications network etc. One of the most favorable properties of an antenna network and in particular a phase-controlled antenna network is the increased capacity to reform and / or redirect dynamics and very quickly the Antenna lobe In particular, this can be used to prevent the transmission and / or reception of interference signals to and from nearby transmitters and / or receivers. In many cases the antenna lobe can be formed and / or directed to prevent reception I transmission of such disturbances In radar systems this capability can be used, for example, to avoid intentionally hostile interference resources In the cellular telecommunication system or similar, this capability can be used, for example, to improve the use of the frequency spectrum available for example, the frequency spectrum in a GSM system, a CDMA system, a WCDMA system or other similar radio communication systems These are only examples of applications There is a wide range of different applications, as is well known The ability to reform and / or redirect dynamic and very quickly the antenna lobe is also advantageous since the antenna lobe can be directed to transmit and / or receive electromagnetic radiation to and / or from a small geographical area, which increases the energy efficiency of the system of antenna These and other advantages provided by antenna networks and in Particularly by phase-controlled antenna arrays are well known in the antenna array art and do not require further explanation. An antenna array is basically a spatially extended collection of several substantially similar antenna elements. The term "spatially extended" implies that Each element has at least one nearby element that is placed at a close distance in order to avoid the emission of electromagnetic radiation in ambiguous directions. "similar" implies that preferably all elements have the same polar radiation patterns, oriented in the same direction in 3-d space. However, the elements do not have to be separated in a regular grid, nor must they have the same voltages terminals, although it is assumed that all of them are fed with the same frequency and that you can define a fixed amplitude and phase angle for the driving signal of each element By adjusting the relative phases of the respective signals that feed the antenna elements into a Antenna network, the effective radiation pattern (the antenna lobe) of the antenna can be reinforced in a desired direction and removed in undesirable directions The relative amplitudes of, and the constructive and destructive interference effects between the signals radiated by the elements antenna patterns determine the effective radiation pattern of the antenna array An ordinary antenna array can be used This is done to achieve a fixed radiation pattern (fixed antenna lobe j) while a more sophisticated phase-controlled antenna network can be used to sweep the radiation pattern (the antenna lobe) more quickly in azimuth and / or elevation. However, depending on the individual antenna elements selected for the network of antennas in question there is formally at least one direction in which the antenna lobe can not be directed easily, ie there is at least one null point The individual antenna elements in a network of antennas can be, for example, the well-known dipole 10 or similar as shown schematically in Figures 1A-1D The illustrative dipole 10 in Figure 1A comprises two opposing radiation elements 11a, 11b The radiating elements 11a, 11b are preferably formed as elongated filaments, cylinders or rectangles to extend 1/4 (? / 4) of the wavelength used along a horizontal axis DP1 Each radiating element 11a 11b is individually connected to a power line 12a 12b in a well-known manner for communicating the high frequency signals to and from the dtpolo 10 Therefore, formally the dipole 10 comprises two ports Usually the balanced current (or differential mode) is considered ldlf, = (- l2) / 2 as the current that excites the dipole where it is assumed that the energy transported by ld, ff is converted to transmitted electromagnetic energy. This is illustrated in Figure 1A by means of a first current l + fed to the first supply line 12a (the first port) and a second stream l_ fed to the second supply line 12b (the second port) The two streams 0 , l_ are substantially of the same magnitude although provided with opposite suffixes to indicate that they are out of phase at 1800 that is, to indicate that the dipole 10 is operating in accordance with a balanced or differential mode in a well-known manner The dipole antennas balanced dual ports like these have been Widely studied and can be made broadband and can also be swept to a large extent. Figure 1B illustrates a cross section of a schematic radiation pattern from the dipole 10 cost along the axis DP1 and Figure 1C illustrates a view of said schematic radiation pattern, while Figure 1D illustrates a schematic perspective view of the radiation pattern in Figures 1B-1 C As can be seen substantially no radiation emanating along the DP1 axis, it is say, substantially there is no radiation from the short ends of the radiating elements 11a, 11b This implies that an array of antennas comprising a spatially extended collection of dipoles 10 will have a reduced ability to transmit electromagnetic radiation along the DP1 axis of the dipoles 10, as will be described later Naturally, the radiation pattern as described now is equally valid for the r eception The individual antenna elements in a network of antennas may also be the well-known monopole 20 or the like as illustrated schematically in Figures 2A-2D The illustrative monopole 20 in Figure 2A has a single radiating element 21 extending 1/4 (? / 4) of the wavelength used from a substantially horizontal ground plane 23 and along a substantially vertical axis MP In other words, the monopole 20 is a quarter-wave antenna or the so-called antenna Marconi The radiant element 21 is connected to a power line (not shown in Figures 2a-2d) in a well-known manner for communicating high frequency signals to and from the monopole 20, and the radiating element 21 is powered by means of an individual unbalanced current U (not shown in Figures 2a-2d ) as is well known in the art Unbalanced single port monopole antennas like this have also been extensively studied Figure 2B illustrates a cross section of a schematic radiation pattern from the monopole 20 cut along the MP axis, and Figure 2C illustrates a top view of said schematic radiation pattern, while Figure 2D illustrates a schematic perspective view of the radiation pattern in Figures 2B-2C. As can be seen substantially there is no radiation emanating along the MP axis ie substantially no radiation emanating from the radiating element 21 along the ground plane 23 This implies that the antenna arrays that comprise a spatially extended collection of monopoles 20 will have a reduced capacity to transmit electromagnetic radiation throughout! MP axis of the monopole, as will be described later Naturally the radiation pattern as described now is also valid for reception. Attention is now directed to a first illustrative antenna array arrangement, illustrated in Figures 3A and 3B Figure 3A is a schematic top view of an illustrative antenna array 30 comprising an array of three dipoles 30a 30b, 30c, for example, as the dipole 10 illustrated in Figures 1A-1D The dipoles 30a-30c in Figure 3A are colmeally placed along an axis DP2 on the surface of a substantially flat substrate 33 As is well known, the first dipole 30a has two radiating elements 31aa, 31ab, each connected to a supply line 32aa, 32ab, while the second dipole 30b has two radiating elements 31ba, 31bb, each connected to a 32ba supply line , 32bb and the third pole 30c has two radiating elements 31c, 31cb, each connected to a power line 32c, 32cb Figure 3B is a schematic side view of the illustrative antenna network 30 of Figure 3A As you can see colinear radiant elements 31aa-31cb and supply lines 32aa-32cb are placed on the surface of the substrate 33 to extend in the same plane or in an adjacent one As is well known, the maximum radiation direction (the lobe principal) of an antenna such as the array of antennas 30 in Figure 3A-3B is perpendicular to the horizontal plane in which the radiating elements 31aa-31cb extend. This is indicated in Figure 3B by a first arrow 35 extending perpendicularly upward from the substrate 33 and a second arrow 35 'extending perpendicularly downward from the surface of the substrate 33 The second arrow 35' has been drawn by dotted lines to indicate that radiation in that direction can be attenuated, stopped or reflected by means of the substrate 33, that is, depending on the composition of the material in the substrate 33 The type of antenna array illustrated schematically in Figures 3A-3B is generally referred to as "antennas" in transverse radiation arrangement since the radiation originates predominantly from the broad side of the network more than from the end side The sweep of the main lobe 35 of the transverse radiation antenna 30 is achieved in a well-known manner by prescribing a certain phase increment? between the antenna elements 30a, 30b, 30c in the direction As a result, a first signal U, I_ with a first phase angle? is fed to the first antenna element 30a, a second signal / + / _ with a second phase angle? +? is fed to the second phase element. antenna 30b and a third signal / +, / _ with a third phase angle? + 2? is fed to the third antenna element 30c? Sweep is achieved by varying the phase increment?, as is well known in FIG. to the technique of the phase-controlled antenna arrays The signals / +, / _ mentioned above have been provided with opposite suffixes to indicate that they are out of phase by 180 ° that is to say that the dipoles 30a-30c operate in accordance with a balanced or differential mode in a well-known way However, as the phase increase increases? so that the sweep direction F of the main lobe 35 approaches 00 ie it approaches the horizontal direction in which the radiating elements 31aa-31cb extend, the impedance of the dipoles 30a-30c in the antenna array 30 changes in such a way the adaptation deteriorates. This implies that a network of antennas 30 comprising a spatially extended collection of dipoles 30a-30c or the like has a reduced ability to transmit electromagnetic radiation in the directions approaching the direction in which the elements extend. radiant 31aa-31cb In other words, there is substantially no radiation along the axis DP2, ie from the short ends of the radiating elements 31aa-31cb which is compatible with the findings in relation to the individual dipole 10 described above Naturally, the radiation pattern as described now is valid for reception. Attention is now paid to a second illustrative antenna array arrangement, shown in Figures 4A and 4B. Figure 4A is a schematic top view of an illustrative antenna array 40. comprising an arrangement of six monopoles 40a 40b, 40c, 40d 40e, 40f, for example as the monopole 20 illustrated in Figures 2A-2D Each monopole 40a-40f has a radiating element 41a-41f The radiating elements 41a-41f are placed in a straight line L1 on the surface of a flat ground plane 43 Each radiating element 41a ~ 41f is further connected to a power line 41a-41f in a well-known manner Figure 4B is a schematic side view of the array of antennas 40 illustrated in Figure 4A The radiating elements 41a-41 f extend from the surface of the ground plane 43 along of vertical axes MPa-MPf, while the power lines 42a-42f are placed on or adjacent to the ground plane 43. As is well known, the possible directions of maximum radiation (the main lobes) of an antenna such as the network of antennas 40 extends along the line L1, ie along the line of radiating elements 41a-41f and in parallel to the ground plane 43. This is indicated in Figure 4B by means of a first arrow 45 to the right and a second arrow 45 'to the left. The type of antenna networks 40 illustrated schematically in Figures 4A-4B is generally referred to as an "array antenna with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis", since the radiation originates predominantly from the extreme of the arrangement and not predominantly from the broad side of the arrangement as in the antenna arrays in transverse radiation arrangement 30 of Figures 3A-3B. Part of the sweep of the main lobe 45, 45 'of the array of maximum radiation array antennas in the direction of the axis 40 can be achieved in a well-known manner by prescribing a certain phase increase? between the antenna elements 4Oa-40f in the sweep direction F. Accordingly, a first signal / + with a first phase angle? it can be fed to the first antenna element 40a; a second signal /, with a second phase angle? +? it can be fed to the second antenna element 40b; a third signal / + with a third phase angle? + 2? can be fed to the third antenna element 40c and so on up to a sixth signal I with a sixth phase angle? + 5? which is fed to the sixth antenna element 40f The sweep is then achieved by varying the phase increment? as is well known in the art of phase-controlled antenna networks The signal / + has been provided with a positive suffix to indicate that the signals fed to the monopole have the same original phase?, ie, to indicate that the monopoles 40a-40f They operate according to an unbalanced or summing mode in a well known way. However, as the phase increase increases? so that the sweep direction F of the main lobe 45 or 45 'approaches 90 °, that is, it approaches the vertical direction in which the radiating elements 41a-41f extend, the impedance of the antenna elements 40a -40f in the antenna array 40 changes in such a way that the coupling deteriorates. This implies that an array of antennas 40 comprising a spatially extended collection of monopoles 40a-40f or the like has a reduced ability to transmit electromagnetic radiation in directions that are approximate the vertical direction in which the radiating elements 41a-41f extend. In other words, substantially no radiation along the axes MPa-MPf of the radiating elements 41a-41f ie along the normal to the ground plane, which is compatible with the findings in relation to the individual monopole 20 described above. Naturally, the radiation pattern as described now is also valid for the reception To summarize the well-known dipole 10 and the well-known monopole 20 and variations thereof are frequently used as individual antenna elements in antenna arrays eg, as in the antennas in transverse radiation arrangement 30 in Figures 3A -3B and in the arrangement antenna with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis 40 in Figures 4A-4B However, almost without exception the antenna lobe of these antenna elements formally have at least one null point ie, at least one direction in which the antenna element can not transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation with ease. A network of antennas comprising a spatially extended collection of several antenna elements of that type is commonly showing at least one direction in which the antenna lobe of the antenna array can not be easily addressed, that is, there is a null point in the antenna diagram of a antennas network comprising said antenna elements Accordingly there is a need for an improved antenna network and in particular an antenna network with improved capacity to direct the antenna lobe, especially to reduce possible null points Brief Description of the Invention The invention provides an improved antenna network, an antenna network system and an improved method for using the improved antenna network and the antenna network system. This is achieved by means of an antenna array comprising a region of antenna potential. reference for example a ground plane, and a spatially extended collection of at least two antenna elements sutible to being at least partially partially activated and at least partially activated in an unbalanced manner. The antenna elements have a first radiating element connected to a first port and a second radiating element connected to a second port In other words, the antenna element has at least two ports The radiating elements are placed substantially adjacent and parallel to each other to extend at least a first distance of approximately perpendicular way from said region of reference potential The element d and antenna further comprises a radiating arrangement connected to said first and second radiating elements to extend at least a second distance about and approximately parallel to the ground reference region. One embodiment of the invention comprises an antenna array wherein the radiating arrangement comprises a substantially continuous radiant element connected to! first radiant element and to the second radiating element The continuous radiating element may be, for example, a loop element Another embodiment of the invention comprises a network of antennas wherein the radiating arrangement comprises a third radiating element connected to the first radiating element and a fourth radiating element connected to the second element radiant A further embodiment of the invention comprises a network of antennas wherein the third and fourth radiating element is selected from a group of elements comprising elements of substantially straight filament shape or elements of cylindrical shape elements in the form of loop substantially curved , substantially flat plate elements The term "flat plate elements" is intended to also comprise plate elements that are slightly curved. The invention is also achieved through an antenna system comprising a network of antennas according to the above in where the first and second ports of the antenna elements are connected to a supply arrangement The supply arrangement is arranged to vary the phase difference f between a first signal I, communicated between the first port and the supply arrangement and a second signal l2 communicated between the second port and the feeding arrangement One embodiment of the invention comprises a feeding arrangement comprising a device for example, a balanced-unbalanced transformer The device is placed so that a signal l (for example i0el (1>) communicated with a first terminal SUM of the device is divided with a first phase difference substantially fixed fi (for example substantially 0o) between a first signal 0 and a second signal l communicated between the feed arrangement and the antenna element The device is further positioned so that a signal o (eg l0e '. {' 'n>) communicated with a second terminal DIFF of said device is divided with a second substantially fixed phase difference? 2 (e.g., substantially 1800 between a first signal and a second signal I2 communicated between the feed arrangement and the antenna element Said device can in a further embodiment have the first device terminal SUM and the second terminal of DIFF device connected to a switch which in a first position allows a signal l0 to be communicated with the first terminal of the device SUM, and in a second position allows a signal I0 to be communicated with the second DIFF device terminal. Another embodiment of the invention comprises a feed arrangement comprising a distribution arrangement (e.g., a combiner / separator) connected to the first and second ports and one power line The distribution layout is placed to combine 0 signals, l2 received from the ports inside the power line, and to divide a signal l0 (for example, l0e "n ') received from the power line between said ports The feeding arrangement is also comprised of at least one phase vapator connected between at least one of the ports and the distribution arrangement to vary the phase f of a signal! communicated between that port and the distribution arrangement The invention is furthermore achieved through a method for transmission or reception by means of a network of antennas comprising a region of reference potential and a spatially extended collection of at least two elements of antenna capable of being activated at least partially balanced and activated at least partially unbalanced The antenna elements have a first radiating element connected to a first port and a second radiating element connected to a second port In other words, the antenna element has at least two ports The radiating elements are positioned substantially adjacent and parallel to each other to extend at least a first distance approximately perpendicularly from the region of reference potential The antenna element is further comprised by an arrangement radiant connected to the prim The second method includes the steps of transmitting or receiving electromagnetic radiation by means of the antenna elements in one direction when varying, as opposed to phase, in order to extend at least a second distance above and approximately parallel to the ground reference region. f between a first signal l-communicated with the first port of the antenna element and a second signal! I2 communicated with the second port A method according to one embodiment of the invention achieves the phase difference f by using a supply arrangement connected to the first and second ports of each antenna element The feeding arrangement is placed to vary the phase difference f between a first signal communicated between the first port and the supply arrangement, and a second signal l2 communicated between the second port and the supply arrangement One mode of the method uses a supply arrangement comprising a device placed in a manner that a signal l0 (for example, / oe '("" 0 communicated with a first terminal SUM of the device is divided by a first phase difference substantially fixed f (eg, substantially O5) between the first signal and the second signal l2 The feeding device is furthermore arranged so that a signal I0 (for example l0e '(L'n >) communicated with In a second terminal DIFF of the device is divided with a second phase difference substantially fixed f (for example substantially 180 °) between the first signal 0 and the second signal l2 Said device can have, in one embodiment the first device terminal SUM and the second terminal of DIFF device connected to a switch, which is operated so that in a first position the signal l0 is communicated with the first SUM device terminal. and so that in a second position the signal l0 is communicated with the second device terminal DIFF. Another embodiment of the method utilizes a feed arrangement comprising a distribution arrangement (eg, a combiner / divider) is connected to the first and second ports and to a power line, and which is set to combine the signals l2 received from the ports inside the power line, and to divide a signal l0 (for example, l0e ' {' 'n') received from the power line between the ports The power supply is also comprised at least by phase vapors connected between at least one of the ports and the distribution arrangement to vary the phase f of a signal communicated between that port and the distribution arrangement These and other aspects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of the modal DIABETES OF THE INVENTION Brief description of the drawings Figure 1a is a schematic illustration of a side view! of a well-known dipole 10 Figure 1b is a schematic illustration of a cross section of a radiation pattern from the dipole 10 in the Figure 1a Figure 1c is a schematic illustration of a top view of the radiation pattern in Figure 1b Figure 1d is a schematic illustration of a perspective view of the radiation pattern in Figure 1 b-1c Figure 2a is a schematic illustration from a side view of a well-known monopole 20 Figure 2b is a schematic illustration of a cross section of the radiation pattern from the monopole 20 in Figure 2a Figure 2c is a schematic illustration of a top view of the radiation pattern in the Figure 2b Figure 2d is a schematic illustration of a perspective view of the radiation pattern in Figure 2b-2c Figure 3a is a schematic illustration of a top view of an array of antennas with illustrative transverse radiation arrangement 30 Figure 3b is a schematic illustration of a side view of the array of antennas 30 in Figure 3a Figure 4a is a schematic illustration a top view of array antenna array with maximum radiation in the direction of the illustrative axis 40 Figure 4b is a schematic illustration of a side view of antenna array 40 in Figure 4a Figure 5a is a schematic illustration of a top view of a network of antennas 50 according to a modality preferred of the present invention. Figure 5b is a schematic illustration of a side view of the array of antennas 50 in Figure 5a. Figure 6a is a schematic illustration of the array of antennas 50 in Figure 5a-5b provided with a feeding arrangement according to a first embodiment. Figure 6b is a schematic illustration of the antenna array 50 in Figure 5a provided with a feeding arrangement according to a second embodiment. Figure 7a is a schematic illustration of a loop antenna element. Figure 7b is a schematic illustration of a dipole having a parasitic or resonator element. Figure 7c is a schematic illustration of a dipole having inclined dipole arms. Figure 7d is a schematic illustration of a rabbit antenna element powered by a double probe. Figure 7e is a schematic illustration of a double probe-fed coupling antenna element having a parasitic or resonator element. Figure 7f is a schematic illustration of a double polarized mode of a dipole antenna element. Figure 7g is a schematic illustration of a double polarized mode of a dipole antenna element known as the quadrangular antenna element Figure 7h is a schematic illustration of a network of coupling element antennas with a corner feeding arrangement Detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to illustrative embodiments thereof. Other embodiments of the invention are clearly conceivable and the invention is not limited in any way to the illustrative antenna networks and the feeding arrangements described below. also that the same or different reference numbers used in the present text indicate identical or similar objects and / or functions throughout the text The network of antennas Figures 5A and 5B are a schematic illustration of an array of antennas 50 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5A is a schematic top view of antenna array 50 comprising an arrangement of three dipoles 50a, 50b, 50c positioned substantially colmeally along an axis DP3 in particular - the first dipole 50a has two opposite and separate radiating elements 51aa, 51ab each directly or at least indirectly connected to a power line 52aa, 52ab, - the second dipole 50b has two opposed and separate radiating elements 51ba, 51bb, each directly or at least indirectly connected to a power line 52bab, 52bb, - the third dipole 50c has two opposed and separate radiating elements 51ca, 51cb, each directly or at least indirectly connected to a power line 52ca, 52cb The radiating elements 51aa-51cb of the dipoles 50a-50c are preferably formed as elongated filaments, cylinders or rectangles extending a distance E1 of about 1/4 (? / 4) of the wavelength used along the axis DP3 In other words, the dipoles 50a-50c are placed in a manner similar to the dipoles 30a-30c in the array of antennas 30 described above with reference to Figures 3A-3B. However, other lengths and shapes of the radiating elements 51aa-51cb they are clearly conceivable, since the function of the radiating elements in a network of antennas in a transverse radiation arrangement can be substantially preserved. The length can, for example, assume other multiples of the wavelength used or even slightly removed from the multiples of the wavelength used, while the shape of a radiating element may for example be curved and / or extend at various angles etc. Figure 5B is a side view of the array of antennas 50 in the Figure 5A, which illustrates that each radiating element 51aa-51cb is placed substantially horizontally on a vertical element 54aa-54cb, to extend a certain distance on a ground plane 53 A horizontal radiating element 51aa-51cb and a vertical element 54aa- 54cb form an L-shaped structure (the inverted and possibly rotated L), while each of the two adjacent vertical elements 54aa-54cb provided with a horizontal radiating element 51aa-51cb form a T-shaped structure. It is preferred that the ground plane mentioned previously 53 is substantially planar and that the horizontal elements 51aa-51cb extend substantially parallel to the ground plane 53, it is preferred that the ground plane 53 be substantially parallel to the axis DP3 along which the horizontal elements 51aa-51cb extend However, other embodiments of the invention may have a ground plane 53 or a region of ground potential that is curved or assumes other forms that completely or partially deviate from a planar shape. In certain embodiments the ground plane 53 or region of ground potential can be formed, for example, by a grid of conductors or the like or even by a grid of dot-shaped ground regions. With respect to the vertical elements 54aa-54cb illustrated in Figure 5B it is preferred that they are electrically placed in the ground. way that - the top distribution end 56aa of the vertical element 54a is connected to the right end of the horizontal element 51 aa, - the upper distribution end 56ab of the vertical element 54ab is connected to the left end of the horizontal element 51ab, - the upper distribution end 56ba of the vertical element 54ba is connected to the right end of the horizontal element 51ba, - the upper distribution end 56bb of the vertical element 54bb is connected to! left end of the horizontal element 51bb, - the upper distribution end 56c of the vertical element 54c is connected to the right end of the horizontal element 51 ca - the upper distribution end 56cb of the vertical element 54cb is connected to the left end of the horizontal element 51cb - the lower feed end 57aa of the vertical element 54aa is connected to the feed line 52aa - the lower feed end 57ab of the element 54ab is connected to the feed line 52ab - the end bottom feed 57ba of element 54ba is connected to feed line 52ba - lower feed end 57bb of element 54bb is connected to feed line 52bb - the lower feed end 57ca of the element 54ca is connected to the feed line 52ca - the lower feed end 57cb of the element 54cb is connected to the feed line 52cb The feed lines 52aa 52ab connected to the feed ends 57aa, 57ab respectively form two ports, and the power lines 52ba, 52bb connected to the feed ends 57ba, 57bb form two other ports respectively, while the power lines 52ca, 52cb connected to the feed ends 57ca, 57cb respectively form two other ports moreover, the vertical elements 54aa-54cb in Figure 5B preferably extend a distance E2 of about 1/4 (? / 4) of the wavelength used from the horizontal ground plane 53 throughout of vertical and substantially parallel axes MPaa-MPcb, ie, the vertical elements 54aa-54cb are substantially perpendicular to The axis DP3 and the ground plane 53 in Figure 5B However, other lengths and shapes of the vertical elements 54aa-54cb are clearly conceivable, since it is possible to substantially preserve the function of a radiating element in a network of arrangement antennas with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis, as will be explained later. The length can, for example, assume other multiples of the wavelength used or even depart slightly from the multiples of the wavelength used in so much so that the shape of a radiating element can be curved and / or extended at various angles etc. As can be seen in Figures 5A-5B, the vertical elements 54aa-54cb are placed in pairs 54aa, 54ab, 54ba, 54bb, 54ca, 54cb on the surface of the ground plane 53 and along a substantially straight line L2, whose line L2 is preferably parallel or substantially parallel to the axis DP3 Stated in other words, the vertical elements 54aa-54cb in Figures 5A-5B are placed in a manner similar to the monopoles 40a-40f in Figures 4A-4B except that the monopoles 40a-40f in Figures 4A-4B are equidistanced individuals while the vertical elements 54aa-54cb in Figures 5A-5B are positioned in Adjacent Way in Substantially Equctistanced Pairs It is preferred that the power lines 52aa-52cb schematically illustrated in Figures 5A-5B be positioned to extend in a plane adjacent to the preferred ground plane 53 is deci This arrangement of the power lines 52aa-52cb implies that the horizontal elements 51aa-51cb in Figures 5A-5B are not directly connected to the power lines 52aa-52cb but are connected through the power lines 52aa-52cb. of the vertical elements 54aa-54cb Therefore, the horizontal elements 51aa-51cb can be considered as indirectly connected to the power lines 52aa-52cb On the other hand, the elements can also be considered verticals 54aa-54cb as extensions of the power lines 52aa-52cb, that is, as part of the power lines 52aa-52cb From the foregoing it can be concluded that the substantially horizontal radiating elements 51aa-51cb of the antenna array 50 in Figures 5A-5B are similar to the horizontal radiating elements 31aa-31cb of the array of antennas in transverse radiation arrangement! 30 in Figures 3A-3B The radiating elements 51aa-51cb can be used in the same way or at least in a manner similar to the radiating elements 31aa-31cb of the antenna antenna array in transverse radiation arrangement 30 It can be concluded also from the aforementioned that the substantially vertical elements 54aa-54cb of the array of antennas 50 in Figures 5A-5B resemble the vertical radiating elements 41a-41f of the array of arrangement antennas with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis 40 in Figures 4A-4B This similarity is not accidental In fact, the vertical elements 54aa-54cb of the array of antennas 50 can be used in the same way as the vertical array elements 41 aa-41cb of array antennas with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis 40, as will be described later. However, before proceeding it will be emphasized that the invention is not limited in any way to an individual row of the three dipoles. collinear 50a-50c as shown in Figures 5A-5B On the contrary, an antenna network according to the present invention may comprise any of the two antenna elements for a plurality of antenna elements placed in one or several rows. In addition, the antenna elements do not necessarily have to be dipoles and the antenna elements do not necessarily have to be placed in a line or in a In contrast, the antenna elements or at least a subset of antenna elements can be placed at different heights and in accordance with other patterns than the rows, for example, that move slightly away from a row to form a pattern. zigzag or the like, or placed in groups of several antenna elements where the groups (although not necessarily the individual antenna elements in a group) are placed substantially in a row or the like It will also be emphasized that the description of the horizontal radiating elements 51aa -51cb and the vertical elements 54aa-54cb will not be limited to the transmission of electromagnetic radiation On the contrary, the description is equally valid for the reception of electromagnetic radiation Sweep of the main lobe As previously explained in connection with the individual dipole 10 in Figures 1A-1B, the balanced or differential mode current is usually considered ldlff = (7, - 12) / 2 to be the current that drives the dipole and the energy transported by lül is supposed to be converted to radiated electromagnetic energy According to this, the differential mode for the three dipole antenna elements 30a, 30b, 30c of the antenna array 30, as described above with refer to FIGS. 3A-3B, is illustrated by a first current / + powered to a first supply line 32aa, 32ba, 32c of the dipoles 30a, 30b, 30c, and a second current / _ fed to a second supply line 32ba, 32bb, 32cb of the dipoles 30a, 30b, 30c The currents / + , / _ have opposite suffixes to indicate that they are out of phase at 1800 that is, the dipoles 30a, 30b, 30c operate according to a differential mode in a well known manner. As stated previously, the three dipoles 30a, 30b 30c of the antenna array 30 in FIGS. 3A-3B are similar to the three dipoles 50a, 50b 50c of the antenna array 50 in FIGS. 5A-5B. The dipoles 50a-50c of the antenna array 50 can therefore be excited in a differential or balanced way in the same way or by at least in a manner similar to dipoles 30a-30c, or for this application, in the same manner as or at least in a manner similar to dipole 10 of Figures 1A-1D. Therefore dipoles 50a-50c may be energized by supplying the dipoles 50a 50b, 50c with - a current / + for the first supply line 52aa and a current / _ for the second supply line 52ab, - a current J + for the first supply line 52ba and a current / _ for the second power line 52bb, - a current / + for the first power line 52ca and a current / _ for the second supply line 52cb The maximum radiation direction (the main lobe) of the dipoles 50a-50c in a differential or balanced mode is substantially perpendicular to the axis DP3 along which the radiating elements 51aa extend Thus, the main lobe is also substantially perpendicular to the ground plane 53, as explained above. The main lobe has been indicated in Figure 5B by means of an arrow 55 extending vertically and substantially perpendicular upwards from the plane As can be seen, the main lobe 55 that originates from the dipoles 50a-50c of the array of antennas 50 in Figures 5A-5B is essentially the same as the main lobe 35 that originates from the dipoles 30a- 30c in the array of antennas in transverse radiation arrangement 30 in Figures 3A-3B. As previously explained in relation to antenna array 30, the main lobe 55 of antenna 50 can be swept by prescribing a phase increase? between the antenna elements 50a-50c of the antenna 50 However, if the phase increase? is increased so that the direction F of the main lobe approaches the direction in which the horizontal radiating elements 51aa-51cb extend in Figure 5A-5B, the impedance of the antenna elements 50a-50c changes in such a way that the coupling deteriorates The radiating elements 51aa-51cb of the dipoles 50a-50c in the antenna array 50 will therefore show a reduced capacity for transmit electromagnetic radiation in the horizontal direction, ie along the line DP3 or said in other words substantially perpendicular to the normal of the ground plane 53 in Figures 5A-5B Accordingly, there can be substantially no radiation from the dipoles 50a 50c of the array of antennas 50 along the axis DP3 extending along the radiating elements 51aa-51cb and substantially parallel to the horizontal ground plane 53 in Figure 5B as a contrast, the antenna array antenna array with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis 40 described above with reference to Figures 4A-4B has its pr (n) lobe (s) 45, 45 'which they extend along the line L1 and along the horizontal ground plane 43 in Figure 4A-4B. However, the array antenna antenna arrangement with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis 40 has a reduced capacity to transmit radiation electromagnetic in directions approaching the vertical direction in which the radiating elements 41a-41f extend in Figure 4B, ie in a direction substantially perpendicular to the ground plane 43 Therefore, it would be advantageous if the capacity of the network of antennas in transverse radiation arrangement 30 for transmitting electromagnetic radiation in a vertical plane, as described above with reference to Figures 3A-3B, could be combined with the capacity of the disposition antenna with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis 40 to transmit electromagnetic radiation in a plane horizontally as described above with reference to Figures 4A-4B This would provide a considerable improvement in the ability to steer the antenna lobe of the antenna array especially in directions that would otherwise be inaccessible, i.e. in the direction of the so-called null points For this purpose, a function similar to that of the monopoles in the network of array antennas with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis 40 described above can be achieved in the array of antennas 50 In particular, this can be achieved through the use of grouped pairs of elements 54aa, 54ab 54ba, 54bb 54c, 54cb positioned substantially along the line L2 and extending in a substantially vertical direction from the ground plane 53. Thus, the vertical elements 54aa- 54cb of the dipoles 50a-50c in Figures 5A-5B are excited in a sum mode (not shown in Figure 5a-5b) by supplying dipoles 50 a, 50b 50c with - a current for the first supply line 52aa and a current /., for the second supply line 52ab, - a current? for the first power line 52ba and one current / + for the second power line 52bb, - one current / + for the first power line 52ca and one current / + for the second power line 52cb In the sum mode the radiation from the opposite pairs of horizontal elements 51aa, 51 ab 51ba, 51bb 51ca, 51cb substantially cancel each other out, while each pair of vertically placed vertical elements 54aa, 54ab, 54ba, 54bb, 54c, 54cb will essentially function as a single quarter-wave monopole, ie, elements 51aa, 51ab will function as a first monopole, the elements 51ba, 51bb will function as a second monopole and the elements 51ca, 51cb will function as a third monopole in the sum mode. Naturally this presupposes that the vertical elements 54aa, 54ab, 54ba, 54bb 54ca, 54cb in a pair they are placed close enough to be able to cooperate as a single monopole or the like and allow the horizontal elements 51aa, 51ab, 51ba, 51bb, 51c, 51cb in the pair to cooperate as a dipole or the like In addition, radiation from the vertical elements of a par 54aa, 54ab, 54ba, 54bb, 54ca, 54cb essentially cancel each other when dipoles 50a-50c are excited in differential mode, since the currents in the elements Numbers of a pair have opposite directions in the differential mode From the foregoing, an excitation of the vertical elements 52aa-52cb of the antenna elements 50a-50c in a sum mode allows the main antenna lobe 55 of the network of antennas 50 is pointed in a direction F that approaches or even coincides with the horizontal direction in which the radiating elements 51aa-51cb of the dipoles 50a-50c extend, i.e. substantially as the array antenna with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis 40 described above with reference to Figures 3A-3B This is illustrated in Figure 5B by means of two opposing arrows 55 'and 55"representing the directions of arrangement with maximum radiation in the direction of the possible axis for the antenna lobe 55 of the antenna array 50 In other words, the substantially horizontal elements 51aa-51cb of the antenna array 50 can be powered in a differential mode and used to radiate electromagnetic radiation in a manner similar to an antenna array of transverse radiation dipole arrangement (e.g., as the array of antennas in transverse radiation arrangement 30 in Figures 3A-3B), while the substantially vertical elements 54aa-54cb of the array of antennas 50 can be powered in a sum mode and used to radiate electromagnetic radiation in a manner similar to a layout antenna with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis (for example, as the array of array antennas with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis 40 in FIGS. 4A-4B) The optimum switching point between the differential mode and the summing mode depends, for example, on the plane pattern cut E for an individual polarized antenna element The switching may be substantially continuous, for example, a continuous decrease of the 180 ° phase difference between the two currents / +, / _ fed to the dipoles 50a-50c in a differential mode to approximate and / or choose as objective the phase difference of 0o between the currents / +, / + fed to the dipoles 50a-50c in an addition and return mode again. The switching may also be a more or less bidirectional switching, for example a switching that simply swings or switches between the 180 ° phase difference between the currents / +, / _ fed to the dipoles 50a-50c in a differential mode and the phase difference of 0o between the currents / +, / + fed to the dipoles 50a-50c in a sum mode. In particular, a substantially continuous or progressive switching between a differential supply (/ +, / _) and an addition supply (/ +, / +) allows the antenna array 50 to transmit electromagnetic radiation substantially in any direction F throughout of a half circle extending substantially perpendicular from the ground plane 53 in the plane that is defined by the axis DP3 and the line L2, ie, in the direction of the arrow 55 in Figures 5A-5B. The optimum switching point between the differential mode and the summing mode, or the optimal mixing of a differential mode and a summing mode, ie, the optimum phase difference between the two currents fed to a dipole 50a-50c can, for example, to be determined empirically through the measurement of the antenna pattern, as is well known in the art. A measurement can be achieved, for example, by exciting the dipoles 50a-50c as described above, and prescribing a phase difference f between the two feed currents that is varied in a manner it proceeds in a plurality of small steps from 0 ° to 180 ° (ie, alternating the excitation of a 0o sum mode to a 180 ° differential mode through small stages) and continuously measuring the electromagnetic radiation transmitted in different stages. addresses through the antenna network 50 The radiation capacity (transmission) as described now is equally valid for reception, that is, an adequate switching between differential reception (/ + / _) and addition reception ( / +, / +) allows the antenna array 50 to receive electromagnetic radiation substantially in any direction F along a half circle extending substantially perpendicular from the ground plane 53 in the plane that is defined by the axis DP3 and line L2, that is, in the direction of arrow 55 in Figures 5A-5B The optimum switching point between differential mode and addition mode or even mixing optimally in a differential mode and a summing mode can therefore be measured alternatively by means of transmitting the electromagnetic radiation towards the antenna array 50 from one direction after the other and continuously measuring the phase and magnitude of the the two currents received from each dipole 50a-50c in a well-known manner To achieve an adequate switching between a differential mode (/ "/ _) and a summing mode (, / +) it is preferred that the dipoles 50a-50c of the network of antennas 50 are connected to a device that feeds the dipole antenna elements 50a-50c with a ldlf (= (7, - l2) / 2 and an lsum = (+ l2) / 2 in a ratio that improves or maximizes the energy conversion to and from the dipole antenna elements 50a-50c of the network of antennas 50 The preferred embodiment of such power devices will now be described with reference to Figures 6A-6C Figures 6A-6B comprise schematic illustrations of the antenna array 50 in Figures 5A-5B As can be seen, only illustrate the first dipole 50a and the third dipole 50c The connection and feeding of a single dipole antenna element 50a will now be described with reference to Figures 6A-6B It will be emphasized that the same is valid mutatis mutandis for the other dipole elements 50b and 50c in the network of antennas 50 and also the dipole elements 50n that can be placed in an array of antennas according to various embodiments of the present invention. The dipole 50a is the same as that illustrated in Figures 5A-5B. Accordingly the dipole 50th in Figure 6A-6C has horizontal elements 51aa, 51a vertical elements 54aa 54ab and fee lines 52aa, 52ab in the same manner as those described previously with reference to Figures 5A-5B As can be seen in Figure 6A a fee arrangement 600a comprises a fee device 60a and a bidirectional switch 64a The feed device 60a is connected to the feed lines 52aa 52ab of the dipole antenna element 50a for transmitting and receiving a first current /, to and from the first feed line 52aa, and a second stream l2 to and from the second feed line 52ab The feed device 60a is provided with a first terminal SUM and a second terminal DIFF, whose terminals are positioned to be alternately connected to a third feed line 62a through of the bidirectional switch 64a The third feed line 62a of the feed arrangement 600a is connected, in turn, to a phase beamer 66a or the like to add a possible phase increase? to the antenna element 50a, which allows conventional scanning of the antenna lobe in a well-known manner as briefly described above. The feeding device 60a of the feeding arrangement 600a is preferably implemented through a balanced transformer. unbalanced or similar A balanced-unbalanced transformer is a device that is particularly designed for the conversion between balanced (differential mode) and unbalanced (summation mode) signals, as is well known in the art. Balanced-unbalanced transformer 60a is commonly implemented by means of a small isolation transformer with the connection or ground chassis that is left floating or disconnected in the balanced fado in a known way The balanced-unbalanced transformer 60a can also be implemented by means of, for example, the so-called T-Magica or Union-T, which is a common component n and well known in the art However, the invention is not limited to having the balanced-unbalanced transformer 60a implemented by means of an isolation transformer, a T-Magica or a T-Union. On the other hand, the balanced-unbalanced transformer can be implemented by means of any other suitable device with the same or a function similar to said transformer, T-Magica or Union-T The function of the balanced-unbalanced transformer power supply device 60a in Figure 6A is such that a commentary provided for the first SUM terminal of the device 60a is substantially equally divided into two currents. I- = ISU? KO / 2 and l2 = lSum < c 12, whose coments are provided from the device 60a to the antenna element 50a with a phase difference of 00 that is, the two currents h and l2 are in phase and the antenna element 50a is therefore driven in a sum mode , cf the streams l + 0 described above Similarly, a given stream for the second terminal DIFF of the device 60a is equally divided into two currents I- = l iff < 180 ° / 2 and l2 = lQlff < However, these two currents are provided from the device 60a for the antenna element 50a with a phase difference of 1800 ie the two currents and l2 are now out of phase and the antenna element 50a is energized by thus in a differential mode, cf the above mentioned l +, I described above. The antenna element 50a can transmit electromagnetic radiation in a sum mode (unbalanced or unbalanced mode). arrangement with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis) or in a differential mode (balanced mode or in transverse radiation arrangement) as required by tilting the bidirectional switch 64aa depending on the direction F in which the antenna lobe 55 of the network of antennas 50 is intended to radiate The following expressions can clarify the function of a power supply device (60a, 60b, 60c 60n) If the input signal for the DIFF terminal is zero and the input signal for the end! SUM is lSuw = loe'i? P \ where? N represents the phase increment for the antenna element, in question then i (? n) - i or (1) (? n i - i or (2) where 0 is the current! 0 adjusted for possible losses in the feeding device (60a, 60b, 60c 60n) in question, and where 10 is the current /, for the antenna element in question, and where l2n is current 12 for the antenna element in question If the input signal for the SUM terminal is zero and the input signal for the DIFF terminal is I DIFF = l0e't? n ', where? n represents the phase increment for the antenna element in question, then i (? n * - 2 * (3) < ? ~, + - 2) or e (: where 0 is the current I0 adjusted for possible losses in the feed device (60a, 60b 60c 60n) in question, and where 10 is the current 0 for the antenna element in question, and where 10, is the current I2 for the antenna element in question Naturally, the radiation capacity (transmission) as described now is equally valid for reception, that is, the antenna element 50a can receive electromagnetic radiation in a sum mode (unbalanced mode or of arrangement with maximum radiation in the direction of the axis) or in a differential mode (balanced mode or in transverse radiation arrangement) as required depending on the direction F from which the antenna lobe 55 of the antenna array 50 is intended to receive However a balanced-unbalanced transformer power supply device 60a or the like as described above is not necessarily required in certain modes of operation. A feeding arrangement according to the present invention This is illustrated in Figure 6B where the balanced-unbalanced transformer power supply device 60a has been omitted. Instead, the power supply 52ab of the dipole 50a has been connected to an energy separator / combiner 67a, ie not to a balanced-unbalanced transformer 60a or the like as in the supply arrangement 600a in Figure 6A Similarly, the power supply line 52aa of the dipole 50a is not connected to a balanced-unbalanced transformer 60a or the like as in the supply arrangement 600a but to a phase vane 65a, which in turn is connected to the energy separator / combiner 67a. The separator / combiner 67a can be implemented for example by means of waveguides or the like as is well known in the art. input for the energy separator / combiner 67a in FIG. 6B is Idiv / comb = lDe '(n> where? n represents the phase increment for the element of an had in question, then ? n - = I. ? (? n + o 2) or e? (2) (5) I = l'c e'l? N '= lO the (n + 2Í or e M ° 2' (6) where 0 is the current I0 adjusted for possible losses etc in the separator / combiner 67a, and where f represents the phase shift added by the phase vapator 65a and where 10 is the current for the antenna element in question, and where | -n is the current l2 for the antenna element in question It is clear from equations 5 and 6 that the phase vane 65a in the feed arrangement 620a in Figure 6B allows a substantially continuous alteration of the phase between the two currents 0, 12, for example a substantially continuous alteration from a phase difference of 0 C to a phase difference of 180 ° between the two streams l2 This allows a mixture of the sum mode and the differential mode, that is to say a mixture of the unbalanced mode and the balanced mode Said in other words, the phase vapator 65a allows a simultaneous use of the horizontal elements 51aa, 51ab and the vertical elements 52aa, 52ab and Numerous amounts to transmit and / or receive, ie the horizontal elements 51aa, 51ab can transmit in a certain amount at the same time that the vertical elements 52aa, 52ab transmit in a certain amount which is also maintained for the reception. The invention is now described through illustrative embodiments. However, it will be emphasized that the invention is not limited in any way to the modalities just described. On the contrary, the invention is intended to include all modalities covered by the scope of the appended claims. For example, the invention is not limited in any way to the single row of three collinear dipoles 50a-50c as shown in Figures 5A-5B and 6A-6B. Conversely, a network of antennas according to the present invention can comprise any of the two antenna elements for a plurality of antenna elements that are placed in one or more rows. In addition, antenna elements are not necessarily placed in a line or row. In contrast, the antenna elements or at least a subset of the antenna elements can be placed according to patterns other than rows. It will also be emphasized that the description of the substantially horizontal elements 51aa-51cb and the substantially vertical elements 54aa-54cb is applicable mutatis mutandis for both transmission and reception. In addition, the antenna elements should not necessarily be a traditional dipole. In one embodiment, the antenna element can be, for example, a loop antenna as shown schematically in Figure 7A. The loop antenna comprises a loop having one or more turns and extending at least a first distance E1A substantially in parallel to a ground plane (not shown) and at least a second distance E2A substantially perpendicular to said ground plane . Another embodiment of the invention may use an element of dipole antenna having a parasitic element or resonator extending parallel to the horizontal radiating elements as shown schematically in Figure 7B The dtpolo antenna element in Figure 7B extends at least a first distance E1B substantially in parallel to a ground plane (not shown) and at least a second distance E2B substantially perpendicular to said ground plane, while the parasitic element extends a third distance E1B 'substantially in parallel to said ground plane and by at least a fourth distance E2B 'substantially perpendicular to said ground plane Furthermore, the antenna element in one embodiment of the invention may be a dipole having inclined radiating elements for example as the V-shaped antenna element shown schematically in Figure 7C the V-shaped dipole antenna in Figure 7C extends at least a substantial first distance E1C In parallel to a ground plane (not shown) and at least a second distance E2C substantially perpendicular to said ground plane. Additionally the antenna element in an embodiment of the invention may be the so-called Rabbit Ears antenna, for example as the rabbit ears antenna shown schematically in Figure 7D The rabbit ears antenna in Figure 7D extends at least a first distance E1D substantially parallel to a ground plane (not shown) and by at least a second distance E2D substantially perpendicular to said ground plane Further, some embodiments of the invention may employ an antenna element in the form of a coupling antenna, as schematically illustrated in Figure 7E the illustrative coupling antenna in Figure 7E comprises a first substantially flat plate forming an antenna element placed in a well known manner on a first substrate having a first dielectric constant p, whose substrate in turn is placed on a ground plane (not shown) The coupling antenna element extends at least a first distance E1E above and substantially parallel to said ground plane and is fed by two substantially parallel supply lines extending at least a second distance E2E substantially perpendicular to the plane of ground In analogy with the parasitic element shown in Figure 7B, the antenna Figure 7E may also possess a parasitic element placed on a second substrate having a second dielectric constant e2 The parasitic element may be, for example, a substantially flat plate extending a third distance E1E 'substantially in parallel to the plane of ground and at least a fourth distance E2E 'substantially perpendicular to said ground plane The antenna element in an embodiment of the invention can also be a dual polarized antenna element, for example as the double-polarized antenna element shown in Figure 7F comprising two dipoles positioned at 90 ° with respect to each other, as is well known in relation to the polarized double antenna elements. The dipole antenna can, for example, be based on a dipole antenna element such as the dipoles 50a-50c shown in Figures 5A-5B. Therefore, the dual-antenna element polarized in Figure 7F extends at least a first distance E1F over and substantially parallel to a plane of ground (not shown) and then at least a second distance E2F substantially perpendicular to said ground plane.

Figure 7G is a schematic illustration of another exemplary double polarized embodiment of a dipole antenna element known as the quadrangular antenna element. The quadrangular antenna element comprises two dipoles. each comprising two plates substantially square The four plates are placed in a square formation so that the dipoles are offset 90 ° with respect to each other A feeding probe is provided at the corner of each square plate very close to the center of the square formation Plates are placed at least a first distance above and substantially parallel to a ground plane (not shown) and then at least a second distance substantially perpendicular to said ground plane Figure 7H is a schematic illustration of a network of coupling element antennas with a provision of corner feeding The coupling element can be for example similar to the patch element illustrated schematically in Figure 7E The coupling elements in Figure 7H are placed in a checkerboard pattern wherein each pair of feeding probe conveying the 11, 12 connects to the closely spaced corners of two nearby couplings This mode can also be provided with additional probe pairs that allow for double polarization Any of the antenna elements described above can be combined with one or more of the different layers dielectrics above and / or below the element to modify the sweep patterns of SUM and DIFF Reference Signs 10 Dipole 41b Radiant Element 11a Radiant Element 41c Radiant Element 11b Radiant Element 41d Radiant Element 12a Power Line 41e Radiant Element 12b Power Line 41f Radiant Element 20 Monopole 42a Power Line 21 Vertical Radiant Element 42b Power Line 23 Plan Horizontal Earth 42c Power Line 30 Antenna Network in 42d Arrangement Power Supply Line Transverse Radiation 30a Dipole 42e Power Line 30b Dipole 42f Power Line 30c Dipole 43 Earth Plane 31aa Radiant Element 45 Main Loop of Disposition Antenna with Maximum Radiation in Shaft Direction 31ab Radiant Element 45 'Main Antenna Loop of Disposition with Maximum Radiation in Shaft Direction 31 ba Radiant Element 50 Red of 31bb antennas Radiant Element 50a Dipole 31 ca Radiant Element 50b Dipole 31cb Radiant Element 50c Dipole 32aa Power Line 51 aa Horizontal Radiant Element 32ab 51ab Power Line Horizontal Radiant Element 32ba Power Line 51 ba Horizontal Radiant Element 32bb Power Line 51 bb Horizontal Radiant Element 32ca Power Line 51 ca Horizontal Radiant Element 32cb Power Line 51 cb Horizontal Radiant Element 33 Substrate 52aa Power Supply Line 35 Main Array of 52ab Arrangement Transverse Radiation Power Supply Line 35 'Main Array of 52ba Arrangement Transverse Radiation Power Line 40 Array Antenna Network with 52bb Power Supply Line Maximum Radiation in 40A Shaft Direction Monopolo 52ca Power Line 40b Monopod 52cb Power Line 40c Monopole 53 Earth Plane 40d Monopole 54aa Vertical Radiant Element 40e Monoopolo 54ab Vertical Radiant Element 40f Monopod 54ba Vertical Radiant Element 41a Radiant Element 54bb Vertical Radiant Element 54th Vertical Radiant Element 67a Separator / Power Combiner 54cb Vertical Radiant Element 67c Separator / Power Combiner 55 Main Lobe in Arrangement 600a Transverse Radiation Power Arrangement 55 Main Array of Arrangement with 600c Arrangement of Power Maximum Radiation in Shaft Direction 55 Main Displacement Lobe with 620a Power Supply Maximum Radiation in Shaft Direction 56aa Upper Distributor End 620c Power Supply 56ab Upper Distributor End E1 Extension, Radiant Element 56ba Top Distributor End E2 Extension, Radiant Element 56bb Top Distributor End DP1 Horizontal Dipole Shaft 56th Top Distributor End DP2 Horizontal Dipole Shaft 56cb Top Distributor End DP3 Horizontal Dipole Shaft 57aa Lower Feed End MP Vertical Monopole Shaft 57ab Lower Feeding End MPa Vertical Monopole Shaft 57ba Bottom Feeding End MPb Vertical Monopole Shaft 57bb Bottom Feed End MPc Vertical Monopole Shaft 57ca Bottom Feed End MPd Vertical Monopole Shaft 57cb Lower Feeding End MPe Vertical Monopole Shaft 60a Feeding Device (Balun) MPf Vertical Monopole Shaft 60c Feeding Device (Balun) MPaa Vertical 'Monopole' Shaft 62a MPab Feeding Line Vertical 'Monopole' 62c Line MPba Power Vertical Mono Monopole Shaft 64a MPbb Bi-Directional Shaft Vertical Mono Monopole Shaft 64c MPCa Bidirectional Switch Vertical Monopole Shaft 65a MPcb Phase Vander Vertical Monopole Shaft (Mode Shift) 66c Phase Vapor L1 Line / Row of Monopoles (Mode Shift) 66a Phase Vanator L2 Line / Row of Monopoles (Main Lobe Sweep) 66c Phase Vanator (Head Lobe Sweep)

Claims (7)

1. CLAIMS An antenna network (50) comprising a region of reference potential (53) and a spatially extended collection of at least two antenna elements (50a, 50b, 50c) capable of being at least partially activated in a balanced manner and at least partially activated in an unbalanced manner wherein said antenna elements have a first radiating element (54aa, 54ba, 54ca) connected to a first port (52aa, 52ba, 52ca), and a second radiating element (54ab, 54bb) , 54cb) connected to a second port (52ab, 52bb, 52cb), whose radiating elements (54aa 54ab, 54ba, 54bb, 54c, 54cb) are positioned substantially adjacent and parallel to each other to extend at least a first distance (E2) of approximately perpendicular from said region (53), and - at radiant disposition (51aa, 51ab, 51ba, 51bb 51c, 51cb) connected to the first and second radiating elements (54aa, 54ab, 54ba, 54bb, 54c, 54cb) to be extended at minus one sec distance (E1) on and approximately parallel to said region (53) 2 An array of antennas (50) according to claim 1 characterized in that the radiant arrangement comprises a third radiating element (51aa, 51ba, 51ca) connected to the first radiating element (54aa, 54ba, 54ca), and a fourth radiating element (51ab 51bb, 51cb) connected to the second radiating element (54ab, 54bb, 54cb) 3 An array of antennas (50) according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiating arrangement comprises a substantially continuous radiant element connected to the first radiating element (54aa 54ba, 54ca) and to the second radiating element (54ab, 54bb 54cb) 4 A network of antennas (50) according to claim 2-3, characterized in that the third and fourth radiating element is selected from a group of elements comprising elements in the form of filaments substantially straight or cylindrical in shape (51aa, 51ab, 51ba 51bb, 51c, 51cb), substantially loop-like elements substantially flat plate elements 5 An antenna system comprises an array of antennas (50) in accordance with claim 1 -4, characterized in that the first and second ports (52aa, 52ab, 52c, 52cb) of each antenna element (50a, 50c) are connected to a supply arrangement (600a, 600c, 620a, 620c), characterized in that the feeding arrangement (600a, 600c, 620a, 620c) is set to vary the phase difference f between a first signal (/,) communicated between the first port (52aa, 52ca) and the feeding arrangement (600a, 600c, 620a, 620c) and a second signal (12) communicated between the second port (52ab, 52cb) and the feeding arrangement (600a, 600c, 620a, 620c) An antenna system according to claim 5, characterized in that - the feeding arrangement (600a, 600c) comprises a device (60a.60c) placed in such a way that - a signal (lo) communicated with a first terminal (SUM ) of the device (60a, 60c) is divided with a first substantially fixed phase difference f, between the first signal (0) and the second signal (i 2), and - a signal (l0) communicated with a second terminal (DIFF) of the device (60a, 60c) is divided with a second substantially fixed phase difference f2 between the first signal (/,) and the second signal (/2). An antenna network system according to claim 6, characterized in that the first device terminal (SUM) and the second device terminal (DIFF) is connected to a switch (64a, 64c), which in a first position allows the signal (l0) to be communicated with the first device terminal (SUM). and in a second position allows the signal (10) to be communicated with the second device terminal (DIFF) 8 An antenna network system according to claim 5, characterized in that the feeding arrangement (620a, 620c) comprises " - available to distribution (67a, 67c) connected to the first and second ports (52aa, 52ab, 52ca, 52cb) and a line of power (62a, 62c), and that is positioned to combine signals (/, l2) received from the ports (52aa, 52ab, 52c, 52cb) in the power line (62a, 62c), and to divide a signal ( / 0) received from the power line (62a 62c) between the ports (52aa, 52ab, 52ca, 52cb), and - at least one phase vapator (65a) connected between at least one of the ports (52aa, 52ab, 52c, 52cb) and the distribution arrangement (67a) to vary the phase f of a signal communicated between that port (52aa, 52ab, 52c, 52cb) and the distribution arrangement (67a, 67c) 9 A method for transmission or reception by means of a network of antennas (50) comprising a region of reference potential (53) and a spatially extended collection of at least two antenna elements (50a, 50b, 50c) capable of being activated at least partially balanced and activated at least partially unbalanced, where the antenna elements have - a pr a radiant element (54aa, 54ba, 54ca) connected to a first port (52aa 52ba, 52ca), and a second radiating element (54ab, 54bb, 54cb) connected to a second port (52ab, 52bb 52cb), whose radiating elements ( 54aa. 54ab, 54ba, 54bb, 54c, 54cb) are positioned substantially adjacent and parallel to each other to extend at least a first distance (E2) approximately perpendicularly from said region (53), and - to radiant disposition (51aa, 51ab 51ba , 51bb 51ca, 51cb) connected to the first and second radiating elements (54aa, 54ab, 54ba 54bb, 54c to 54cb) to extend at least a second distance (E1) over and approximately parallel to said region (53) the method that includes the steps of transmitting or receiving radiation electromagnetic by means of the antenna elements (50a, 50b, 50c) in a variable direction by varying the phase difference f between a first signal (/,) communicated with the first port (52aa, 52ba, 52ca) of the antenna element (50a, 50b 50c) and a second signal (12) communicated with the second port (52ab, 52bb, 52cb) A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the phase difference f is achieved a! use a feeding arrangement (600a, 600c 620a, 620c) connected to the first and second ports (52aa, 52ab, 52ca, 52cb) of each antenna element (50a 50c), characterized in that the feeding arrangement (600a 600c, 620a, 620c) is varying the phase difference f between a first signal (0) communicated between the first port (52aa, 52ca) and the supply arrangement (600a, 600c, 620a, 620c), and a second signal (/ 2) communicated between the second port (52ab, 52cb) and the feeding arrangement (600a, 600c, 620a, 620c) 11 A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the feeding arrangement (600a, 600c) comprises a device (60a 60c) positioned such that - a signal (l0) communicated with a first terminal (SUM) of the device (60a, 60c) is divided by a substantially fixed phase difference between the first signal (/,) and the second signal (0), and - a signal (I0) communicated with a second terminal (DIFF) of the device (60a, 60c) is divided with a second substantially fixed phase difference f2 between the first signal (/,) and the second signal (/
2. 2) 12 A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the first device terminal (SUM) and the second device terminal (DIFF) is connected to a switch (64a), which is operated in a manner that in a first position the signal (l0) is communicated with the first device terminal (SUM), and so that in a second position the signal (l0) is communicated with the second device terminal (DIFF) 13 A method of according to claim 10 characterized in that the phase difference f is achieved by using a feed arrangement (620a 620c) in which - to the distribution arrangement (67a, 67c) is connected to the first and second ports (52aa, 52ab 52ca 52cb) and a feed line (62a) 62c), and that it is placed to combine signals (/, l2) received from the ports (52aa, 52ab, 52ca, 52cb) in the power line (62a, 62c), and to divide a signal (10) received from the power line (62a, 62c) between the ports (52aa, 52ab '52ca, 52cb). and - at least one phase vapator (65a) is connected between at least one of the ports (52aa, 52ab: 52c, 52cb) and the distribution arrangement (67a) to vary the phase f of a signal communicated between that port (52aa, 52ab, 52c, 52cb) and the distribution layout (67a, 67c)