KR940003210B1 - Method for producing polymer coagulent - Google Patents

Method for producing polymer coagulent Download PDF

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KR940003210B1
KR940003210B1 KR1019910006724A KR910006724A KR940003210B1 KR 940003210 B1 KR940003210 B1 KR 940003210B1 KR 1019910006724 A KR1019910006724 A KR 1019910006724A KR 910006724 A KR910006724 A KR 910006724A KR 940003210 B1 KR940003210 B1 KR 940003210B1
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chitosan
maleic acid
flocculant
polymer
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KR920019675A (en
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김용범
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김용범
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56Macromolecular compounds

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)

Abstract

The amphoteric polymeric flocculant is prepd. by graft copolymerizing chitosan with maleic acid or fumaric acid at 20-100 deg.C for 0.5-10 hrs., in the presence of a catalyst selected from ceric ammonium nitrate and vanadium pentanitrate. The chitosan is obtained from the shell of a crab or a lobster etc.. The obtd. flocculant has both of cationic properties of amino gp. in chitosan component, and anionic properties of carboxyl gp. in maleic acid component, and is useful for wide range of pH. The obtd. polymer is natural and has biodegradable property, and prevents secondary pollution.

Description

양쪽성 고분자 응집제 제조방법Amphoteric Polymer Coagulant Manufacturing Method

제1도는 키토산(a)과 본 발명품인 말레인산으로 그라프트 된 키토산(b)의 IR 스펙트럼.1 is an IR spectrum of chitosan (b) grafted with chitosan (a) and maleic acid of the present invention.

제2도는 키토산과 본 발명품과 알룸(Alum)의 침강율을 전 pH 범위에 걸쳐 비교한 것.2 is a comparison of the sedimentation rate of chitosan and the present invention and Alum over the entire pH range.

제3도는 키토산과 본 발명품과 알룸의 침강율을 제지공장 폐수에 직접 적용해 비교한 것.Figure 3 compares the sedimentation rate of chitosan, the present invention and Alum by applying them directly to the paper mill wastewater.

제4도는 pH가 4.5(a)일 때와 9(b)일 때의 제지공장 폐수에 대하여 본 발명품의 투여량에 따른 침강율을 나타낸 것이다.Figure 4 shows the sedimentation rate according to the dosage of the present invention for paper mill wastewater at pH 4.5 (a) and 9 (b).

본 발명은 게나 새우껍질 등으로부터 추출되는 키토산(CHITOSAN)에 말레인산을 그라프트 공중합시켜 제조되는 양이온성과 음이온성을 함께 지닌 양쪽성 고분자 응집제의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for preparing an amphoteric polymer coagulant having cationic and anionic properties, which is prepared by graft copolymerization of maleic acid to chitosan extracted from crab or shrimp shell.

근래 들어 경제적 발전과 함께 급격히 증가되고 있는 공장폐수나 생활하수로 인하여 수자원의 오염문제가 커다란 국가적 과제로 떠오름에 따라 그 설비 투자와 함께 폐수처리에 사용되는 강력한 효과를 지닌 응집제의 개발이 시급한 실정이다.In recent years, due to the rapid increase of the industrial wastewater and factory sewage, the pollution problem of water resources has become a big national problem. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a coagulant with strong effects to be used in wastewater treatment with the investment of the facility. .

일반적으로 폐수처리에 사용되는 고분자 응집제는 그 해리상태에 따라 비이온성, 양이온성, 음이온성 및 양쪽성으로 대별되는데, 종래 폐수처리 응집제로 주로 사용되어 왔던 무기계 응집제에 비하여 현탁 콜로이드 입자에 대하여 소량 첨가하여도 응집효과가 크고 입자의 조대화 현상이 나타나는 등의 특성을 지니고 있다.Generally, the polymer flocculant used for wastewater treatment is classified into nonionic, cationic, anionic and amphoteric properties depending on its dissociation state, and a small amount of the polymer flocculant is added to the suspended colloidal particles as compared to the inorganic flocculant which has been mainly used as a wastewater treatment flocculant. In addition, the coagulation effect is large and the coarsening phenomenon of the particles appears.

양이온성 중합체의 경우, 비닐중합 같은 중합 반응에 의해 얻어지는 양이온성 중합체는 고분자 합성시 관능기의 몰(mole)비에 의해서도 성능이 다른 응집제가 얻어지며, 축합계 양이온성 중합체에 비하여 분자량이 크고 하전밀도가 적고 제품형태가 분말상 또는 액상인 반면, 축합반응에 비하여 분자량이 크고 하전밀도가 적고 제품 헝태가 분말상 또는 액상인 반면, 축합반응에 의해 얻어지는 양이온성 중합체는 중합체 주사슬중에 질소기를 갖는 분자 형태를 갖고 있으며, 분자량이 비교적 적고 하전밀도가 큰 특징을 지니고 있다. 폐수처리제로 흔히 사용되는 양이온성 중합체로는 디메틸아미노에틸메타크릴레이트와 같은 양이온성 단량체를 함유하는 중합체, 폴리아크릴아마이드의 만니히 반응물, 키토산 등이 있다.In the case of cationic polymers, cationic polymers obtained by a polymerization reaction such as vinyl polymerization yield cohesive agents having different performances even by the mole ratio of functional groups in polymer synthesis, and have a higher molecular weight and a higher charge density than condensed cationic polymers. In contrast, the product form is powdery or liquid, whereas the molecular weight is high, the charge density is low, and the product condition is powdery or liquid compared to the condensation reaction, whereas the cationic polymer obtained by the condensation reaction has a molecular form having a nitrogen group in the polymer main chain. It has a characteristic of relatively low molecular weight and large charge density. Cationic polymers commonly used as wastewater treatment agents include polymers containing cationic monomers such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, Mannich reactants of polyacrylamide, chitosan and the like.

또한, 음이온성 또는 비이온성 중합체는 양이온성 중합체에 비하여 종류가 적으며, 폴리아크릴아미드계, 폴리아크릴산소오다, 폴리에틸렌옥사이드, 폴리비닐알코올이 이에 속하고, 특히나 음이온성 중합체 경우는 중합체의 하전이 치환기의 종류에 의해 변화하고 응집성능에도 큰 영향을 미치는 특성이 있다.In addition, anionic or nonionic polymers are less diverse than cationic polymers, and polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene oxide, and polyvinyl alcohol belong to this category. There is a characteristic that it varies depending on the type of substituent and has a great influence on the cohesive performance.

한편, 양쪽성 중합체로서 응집제로 사용되고 있는 경우는 전세계적으로 거의 알려져 있지 않은 실정이며, 단지 넓은 pH 영역에서 사용할 수 있는 등 여러 점들이 있을 것으로 추측되고 있을 뿐이다.On the other hand, when used as a flocculant as an amphoteric polymer, it is rarely known in the world, and it is only supposed that there are various points such as being usable in a wide pH range.

본 발명자는 상기와 같은 점에 착안하여 양쪽성 성질을 지닌 응집제를 개발하기 위해 연구 노력한 결과, 천연 폐자원의 활용을 위한 연구개발의 일환으로 지구상에서 대량으로 생산되는 천연 고분자 물질의 하나인 게, 가제, 갑각류 등의 피각 주성분인 키친(CHITIN)에서 추출된 키토산(CHITOSAN)을 이용한 새로운 양쪽성 응집제의 개발에 성공하였다.The present inventors have focused on the above point, and as a result of research efforts to develop agglomerates having amphoteric properties, as part of research and development for the utilization of natural waste resources, it is one of the natural polymers produced in large quantities on the planet, We have successfully developed a new amphoteric flocculant using chitosan, which is extracted from chitin, the main ingredient of crustaceans and crustaceans.

현재 키토산에 대해서는 그 탈수성 자연분해성 등의 장점을 인정하고 응집제로서의 우수성을 예견하여 선진 각국에서 이를 이용한 응집제의 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있는데, 본 발명자는 이러한 키토산에 말레인산(또는 푸말산)을 그라프트 공중합시켜 카르복실기를 대량으로 도입함으로써 키토산 자체의 아미노기의 양이온 응집특성과 말레인산의 카르복실기의 음이온 응집특성을 공유케 하여 산성 및 알카리성의 넓은 pH 영역에서 두루 사용될 수 있고, 수용성이며, 탈수성과 천연분해성이 뛰어난, 그리고 2차 오염의 우려가 적은 새로운 천연고분자 응집제를 개발하게 되었다.Currently, the development of flocculant using chitosan is recognized in the advanced countries to recognize the merits of dehydration, natural degradability and the like as a flocculant, and the present inventors graft maleic acid (or fumaric acid) to chitosan. By introducing a large amount of carboxyl groups by copolymerization, the cation aggregation property of the amino group of chitosan itself and the anion aggregation property of the carboxyl group of maleic acid can be shared, so that it can be used widely in a wide range of acidic and alkaline pHs, and is water-soluble, excellent in dehydration and natural degradability. And new natural polymer flocculants with less risk of secondary contamination.

본 발명에서 주 합성원료로 사용되는 키토산은 하기 공정을 거쳐 제조된다.Chitosan used as the main synthetic material in the present invention is prepared through the following process.

그리고, 상기의 공정을 거쳐 제조된 키토산은 다시 하기의 공정을 거쳐 최종적으로 응집제로 사용되는 공중합체가 제조되는데,In addition, the chitosan prepared through the above process is further subjected to the following process to finally produce a copolymer used as a flocculant,

상기 공정중 사용가능 촉매로는 세릭암모늄 나이트레이트, 바나듐 펜타 나이트레이트, 기타 라디칼 중합에 사용될 수 있는 모든 과산화물이 사용가능하며, 방사선 조사법도 이용될 수 있다.As the catalyst usable in the process, all peroxides that can be used for ceric ammonium nitrate, vanadium penta nitrate, and other radical polymerizations can be used, and irradiation can also be used.

이하에서 실시예를 들어 본 발명을 좀 더 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.

[실시예 1]Example 1

[시약 및 시료][Reagents and Samples]

키토산은 전술한 바와 같은 공정으로 제조되었으며, 말레인산은 준세화학(JUNSEI CHEMICAL) 사제 제1급 시약을 사용하였고 반응 개시제인 세릭 암모늄 나이트레이트(CAN)는 일본 와코(WAKO)사 제1급 시약을 정제하지 않고 IN-HNO3100㎖당 5.48g을 용해하였으며 기타 다른 시약도 일본 와코사제 및 준세 화학사제의 제1급 시약을 사용하였다.Chitosan was prepared by the process described above, maleic acid was used as a first-class reagent manufactured by JUNSEI CHEMICAL, and the reaction initiator, ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), was used to purify the first-class reagent from WAKO, Japan. 5.48 g per 100 ml of IN-HNO 3 was dissolved and other reagents were used as first-class reagents manufactured by Wako Corp. and Quasi-Chemicals.

[그라프트 공중합 공정][Graft Copolymerization Process]

질소 유입관, 온도계, 교반기, 냉각기가 장치된 300㎖ 4구 플라스크에 키토산 3g, 말레인산 5g, 15wt%-초산용액 150㎖를 넣고 질소를 통하면서 1시간 동안 교반시켰다. 여기에 반응개시제인 CAN 용액 2g을 주가한 후 60℃ 온도에서 3시간 동안 중합을 행 하였다.Into a 300 ml four-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet tube, a thermometer, a stirrer, and a cooler, 3 g of chitosan, 5 g of maleic acid, and 150 ml of 15 wt% acetic acid solution were stirred for 1 hour while passing through nitrogen. 2 g of a CAN solution as a reaction initiator was added thereto, followed by polymerization at 60 ° C. for 3 hours.

얻어진 생성물은 아세톤에 침전시켜 유리필터를 사용하여 여과한 다음 50℃에서 감압 건조하였다. 건조된 생성물중에 포함되어 있는 말레인산 호모폴리머를 제거하기 위하여 디옥산-물(체적비 80 : 20) 혼합액으로 4시간 동안 교반하여 추출하였으며 다시 이것을 아세톤에 침전시켜서 50℃ 진공오븐내에서 건조하여 목적물을 제조하였다.The obtained product was precipitated in acetone, filtered using a glass filter, and dried under reduced pressure at 50 ° C. In order to remove the maleic acid homopolymer contained in the dried product, the mixture was extracted by stirring with dioxane-water (volume ratio 80:20) for 4 hours, precipitated in acetone, and dried in a vacuum oven at 50 ° C. to prepare a target product. It was.

실시예 1에서 제조된 응집제를 구조와 물성을 조사하여 도면으로 나타내었는바, 제1도는 키토산(a)과 본 발명품인 말레인산 그라프트 공중합 키토산(b)의 IR 스펙트럼인데, b의 경우 a에서 볼 수 없는 1650-1550㎝-1에서의 강력한 카르복실레이트의 신축진동에 의한 흡수띠가 나타나 있음을 볼 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 1320-1210㎝에서도기의신축진동에 의한 흡수띠가 있고, 역시 1440-1395㎝에서의기의 -OH 변각 진동에 의한 흡수띠가 나타나고 있는 것으로 보아 말레인산이 그라프트 공중합 되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.The coagulant prepared in Example 1 is shown in the drawings by examining the structure and physical properties. FIG. 1 is an IR spectrum of chitosan (a) and maleic acid graft copolymerized chitosan (b). It can also be seen that the absorption band due to stretching vibration of carboxylate strong in 1650-1550㎝ -1 does not appear as in 1320-1210㎝ Spirit There is an absorption band due to expansion and vibration, and at 1440-1395㎝ It was confirmed that maleic acid was graft copolymerized from the absorption bands of -OH variable vibration of the group.

제2도는 키토산과 본 발명품과 알룸 1㎖를 각각 30㎖ 침강관에 넣고 응집효과를 비교한 결과를 나타낸 것으로 0.4wt%-카오린 현탁액에 적용시 본 발명품이 키토산이나 알루미늄에 비해 전 pH 범위에서 월등히 높은 침강율을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다.2 shows the results of comparing the flocculation effect of chitosan, the present invention, and 1 ml of alum in 30 ml settling tubes, respectively. It can be seen that the sedimentation rate is high.

제3도는 상기 실험의 결과를 기초하여 실제 산업현장에서의 적용가능여부를 확인하기 위하여 제지공장의 폐수를 사용하여 실험한 결과를 나타낸 것으로, 역시 본 발명품이 pH 전영역에 걸쳐 월등히 높은 응집효과를 보여주었다.Figure 3 shows the results of experiments using the wastewater of the paper mill to confirm the applicability in the actual industrial field based on the results of the experiment, also the present invention exhibits a significantly higher aggregation effect over the entire pH range Showed.

또한 제4도는 pH가 4.5일 때와 9일 때의 제지공장 폐수에 대한 응집제 투여량에 따른 응집효과를 나타낸 것으로, 시료의 pH가 4.5인 경우 용해율 0.83g/ℓ의 본 발명품을 투여한 결과 투입량이 1㎖에 이르기까지는 침강속도와 투과율이 급격히 상승하다가 그 이상에서는 거의 일정한 값을 보이고 있고, 시료의 pH를 9로 한 경우 pH 4.5일 때와 마찬가지로 동일하게 투입량 1㎖에 이르기까지는 침강속도가 급격히 상승하다가 1㎖ 이상에서는 그 속도가 급격히 하락하는 경향을 보여주었다.In addition, Figure 4 shows the coagulation effect according to the coagulant dose to the paper mill wastewater when the pH is 4.5 and 9, when the pH of the sample is 4.5 as a result of administering the present invention with a dissolution rate of 0.83g / ℓ The sedimentation rate and permeability increased rapidly up to 1 ml, but showed almost constant values above that. When the pH of the sample was 9, the sedimentation rate rapidly reached up to 1 ml as in the case of pH 4.5. It increased, but above 1ml, the speed decreased rapidly.

제지폐수외에 우유폐수 등 각종 폐수에 있어서도 상기와 같은 우수한 효과를 나타내었는바, 결국 본 발명에 의한 새로운 고분자 응집제는 키토산이 지니는 양이온성과 말레인산이나 푸말산이 지니는 음이온성을 함께 소유한 양쪽성 응집제로 넓은 pH 범위에서 사용될 수 있고, 소량으로도 강력한 응집효과를 발휘하며, 수용성이고 천연분해가 가능한 매우 우수한 응집제로서, 아울러 타 용도로의 개발도 크게 기대되고 있다.In addition to paper wastewater, milk wastewater and other wastewaters exhibited excellent effects as described above. Thus, the new polymer flocculant according to the present invention is an amphoteric flocculent possessing both the cationicity of chitosan and the anionicity of maleic acid and fumaric acid. As a very good flocculant which can be used in a wide pH range, exhibits a strong flocculation effect even in a small amount, and is water soluble and naturally decomposable, it is also expected to be greatly developed for other purposes.

Claims (2)

키토산에 말레인산이나 푸말산을 촉매존재하 20-100℃에서 0.5-10시간 동안 그라프트 공중합시킴을 특징으로 하는 고분자 응집제 제조방법.Method for producing a polymer flocculant, characterized in that graft copolymerization of maleic acid or fumaric acid in chitosan at 20-100 ° C. for 0.5-10 hours. 제1항에 있어서, 촉매는 세릭암모늄나이트레이트, 바나듐펜타나아트레이트 중에서 선택됨을 특징으로 하는 고분자 응집제 제조방법.The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is selected from ceric ammonium nitrate and vanadium pentana atrate.
KR1019910006724A 1991-04-26 1991-04-26 Method for producing polymer coagulent KR940003210B1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108862544A (en) * 2018-06-27 2018-11-23 宁夏宝塔化工中心实验室(有限公司) A kind of sewage treatment composite oxidant and preparation method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108862544A (en) * 2018-06-27 2018-11-23 宁夏宝塔化工中心实验室(有限公司) A kind of sewage treatment composite oxidant and preparation method thereof

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