KR930010044B1 - Method of manufacturing aluminium alloy - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing aluminium alloy Download PDF

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KR930010044B1
KR930010044B1 KR1019930016428A KR930016428A KR930010044B1 KR 930010044 B1 KR930010044 B1 KR 930010044B1 KR 1019930016428 A KR1019930016428 A KR 1019930016428A KR 930016428 A KR930016428 A KR 930016428A KR 930010044 B1 KR930010044 B1 KR 930010044B1
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mold
alloy
powder
graphite
molten metal
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Korean (ko)
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이도재
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이도재
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408Light metal alloys
    • C22C1/0416Aluminium-based alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/16Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium

Abstract

The Al alloy includes 81-84 wt.% Al, 3-5 wt.% Cu, 1-2 wt.% Mg, 1-2 wt.% Ni, 4-5 wt.% C and 7-8 wt.% Fe. The alloy is manufactured by simultaneously pouring Al melt, composed of 81-84 wt.% Al, 3-5 wt.% Cu, 1-2 wt.% Mg, 1-2 wt.% Ni and 1-2 wt.% Si, and graphite coated iron powder in a rotating metal mold. According to rotation of the metal mold, the scattered Al melt and iron powder scatter against the upper metal mold to be uniformly mixed. The Al alloy has the enhanced abrasive resistance and low friction coefficient.

Description

내마모성 알루미늄(Al)합금 및 그 제조방법Wear-resistant aluminum (Al) alloy and its manufacturing method

제 1 도는 본 발명의 제조를 위한 장치의 계략도.1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for the manufacture of the present invention.

제 2 도는 본 발명의 제조를 위한 타실시예를 나타낸 장치의 계략도.2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus showing another embodiment for the manufacture of the present invention.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

2 : 금형 3 : 도가니2: mold 3: crucible

본 발명은 Al 합금으로된 내마찰재에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 Al 합금으로된 용탕과 흑연이 피복된 Fe 분말을 혼합 주조하여 내마모성과 저마찰계수 및 내소착성을 갖는데 적합한 간단한 제조 공정으로 이루어진 매마찰재와 그 제조 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an anti-friction material made of Al alloy, and more particularly, a simple manufacturing process suitable for mixing and casting molten metal made of Al alloy and Fe powder coated with graphite to have abrasion resistance, low friction coefficient and sinter resistance. It relates to a falcon friction material and a manufacturing method thereof.

일반적으로 내마모성, 저마찰계수, 내소착성을 갖는 용도로서는 브레이크 라이닝(Brake lining), 클러치 페이싱(Clutch facing)을 비롯한 각종 접동재등이 있다.In general, the use having abrasion resistance, low friction coefficient, and adhesion resistance includes various kinds of sliding materials including brake lining, clutch facing, and the like.

이와같은 용도의 재료를 제조함에 있어서는 용해 주조법과 분말 소결법으로 대별할 수 있다.In manufacturing the material for such a use, it can divide roughly into the melt casting method and the powder sintering method.

용해 주조법의 경우는 엄밀한 성분조정이 까다로울 뿐만아니라, 특히 특수성질을 부여하기 위해 첨가되는 원료가 비중이 적거나 분산성이 좋지않는 경우 제조공정상 어려움이 있는등 전반적으로 제조원가가 상승되고 있다.In the case of the melt casting method, not only the exact composition adjustment is difficult, but also the manufacturing cost is generally increased due to difficulty in the manufacturing process when the raw material added to impart specific properties is low in specific gravity or poor dispersibility.

따라서, 최근에는 분말 소결법이 많이 채용되고 있는 추세에 있다.Therefore, in recent years, the powder sintering method has been employ | adopted a lot.

이런 분말 소결합금중에는 Fe계, Cu계, Al계등이 있다.Among such powder-sintered alloys are Fe-based, Cu-based, and Al-based.

Fe계중에서는 그용도에 따라 여러가지가 있으며, 일반적으로 밸브 쉬이트(valve sheet)가 대종을 이루고 있다.In Fe system, there are many kinds according to the use, and valve sheet is generally large.

Cu계 소결 합금으로서는 그 하나의 예로서 일본 공개특허 소 59-13038호가 있다.As one example of Cu-based sintered alloy, there is Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-13038.

이는 금속분말의 일부 또는 전부를 금속단섬유(短纖維)로 치환한 저마찰계수를 갖는 차량용 브레이크재로서 Cu분 60%, Cu섬유 15%, Cu2P 8.4%에 윤활제인 흑연 20%, Pb 10%와 연삭제인 MgO 2%를 혼합하고 있다.This is a vehicle brake material having a low friction coefficient in which a part or all of the metal powder is replaced with short metal fibers. 60% Cu powder, 15% Cu fiber, 8.4% Cu 2 P, graphite 20%, and Pb 10% and MgO 2%, which is soft erase, are mixed.

그러나 본 소결재는 비교적 연한 Cu를 주성분으로 한 저경도, 고강도의 소결 합금으로 되었다.However, this sintered material became a low hardness, high strength sintered alloy mainly containing relatively soft Cu.

또 다른 CU계 분말합금으로서는 주성분인 Cu 분말에 Sn, Pb, Fe, C로 된 분말을 압축 성형, 소결한 것이 알려지고 있으나, 이는 저융점 금속에 따라 전체적으로 합금이 연하여 강도의 감소와 마찰계수의 증가를 가져온다.Another CU-based powder alloy is known as compression molding and sintering powders of Sn, Pb, Fe, and C in the main powder Cu powder. Brings an increase.

알루미늄계로서는 일본국 특허공고 공보 소 48-30803호의 공개 특허공보 평 2-194134호가 있다.As an aluminum system, Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2-194134 of Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 48-30803 is mentioned.

특허 공보 소 48-30803호는 Mg, Ni, Cr, Si, Cu를 함유한 Al 분말에 Pb, MoS2, 흑연분말을 첨가하여 압축 성형 소결한 접등재로 알려지고 있다.Patent publication No. 48-30803 is known as a compression material sintered by compression molding and sintering by adding Pb, MoS 2 and graphite powder to Al powder containing Mg, Ni, Cr, Si, Cu.

그러나, 여기서는 Al 합금중에 혼합되는 흑연이 Al 합금에 균일하게 분산 혼합되지 않고 편존하므로 강도가 약하고 내마모성도 열악하며, 소부착성(燒付着性)과 마찰 계수가 커지는등의 문제가 있다.However, in this case, graphite mixed in the Al alloy is not uniformly dispersed and mixed in the Al alloy, so that the strength is weak, the abrasion resistance is poor, and there are problems such as small adhesion and a large coefficient of friction.

또한 평 2-194134호는 Al 분말에 Mg, Cu, Sn, Pb, Bi, In과 세라믹 섬유등을 첨가하여 525℃에서 400kgf/㎠의 가압력으로 핫 프레스(Ho Press)성형하고 소결한 것으로, 저마찰 내마모성을 요하는 자동차 부품, 로보트, 항공기등의 분야에 이용되는 것으로 제안되고 있다.In addition, Pyeong 2-194134 is a hot press (Ho Press) molding and sintering at a pressure of 400kgf / ㎠ at 525 ℃ by adding Mg, Cu, Sn, Pb, Bi, In and ceramic fibers to Al powder, It is proposed to be used in fields such as automobile parts, robots, and aircrafts that require frictional wear resistance.

그러나, 이 합금은 저융점 금속인 Sn, Pb, Bi, In의 첨가에 따라 합금 전체가 연질화되기 때문에 마모가 현저히 증가될 수 있는 문제가 있다.However, this alloy has a problem that wear can be significantly increased because the entire alloy is softened by the addition of low melting point metals Sn, Pb, Bi, In.

이와같은 종래의 소결법은 상기한 문제점 이외에 제조 공정에 있어서도 각 분말 금속을 압축 성형하고 소결함으로써 그 제조공정이 복잡하는등 시설비가 막대하게 소요되고 양산이 어려운등 제조원가의 상승 요인이 되고있으며 또한 일반적으로 소규격 제품에 적용되고 있다.In the conventional sintering method, in addition to the above-mentioned problems, in addition to the above-mentioned problems, compression molding and sintering of each powder metal also causes complicated manufacturing processes such as complicated manufacturing costs and difficulty in mass production. Applied to small standard products.

이에 본 발명은 종래의 문제점을 해결하고자 안출한 것으로, 조성물을 종래와 달리함과 함께 Al 을 주성분으로 하는 용탕과 흑연으로 Fe 표면을 코팅한 분말제를 혼합주조시 금형을 회전시켜 주조함으로서 그 제조공정이 단순하면서도 Fe를 피복한 흑연이 Al 기지에 균일하게 분산되게 하여, 필요로 하는 경도의 저마찰계수를 갖는 브레이크 라이닝, 클러치 페이싱등과 같은 제품을 제공하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다.Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems, and the composition is manufactured by rotating the mold during casting, mixing the composition of the Fe surface coated with molten metal and graphite with Al as the main component, and the composition is different from the conventional The purpose is to provide a product such as brake lining, clutch facing, etc., which has a low friction coefficient of hardness, by allowing the Fe-coated graphite to be uniformly dispersed in the Al matrix even though the process is simple.

이하 본 발명을 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described.

본 발명은 중량 % 로서, 알루미늄(Al) 81-84%, 구리(Cu) 3-5%, 마그네슘(Mg) 1-2%, 닉켈(Ni) 1-2%, 규소(Si) 1-2%, 흑연 4-5%, 철(Fe) 7-8%로 이루어진 저마찰계수를 갖는 내마모성 재료로 구성된다.In the present invention, as a weight%, aluminum (Al) 81-84%, copper (Cu) 3-5%, magnesium (Mg) 1-2%, nickel (Ni) 1-2%, silicon (Si) 1-2 It is composed of a wear resistant material having a low coefficient of friction consisting of%, graphite 4-5%, iron (Fe) 7-8%.

이와같은 조성에서, Cu는 Al중에 고용하여 CuAl2화합물을 생성한다.In such a composition, Cu is dissolved in Al to produce a CuAl 2 compound.

이 CuAl2화합물의 석출에 의거 매트릭스에 충분한 강도를 부여하고, 내마모성을 향상시키는 작용을 하나 그 첨가량이 3% 미만이면 그 효과가 적고, 5%를 초과하면 내식성이 저하된다.Based on the precipitation of the CuAl 2 compound, a sufficient strength is imparted to the matrix and the abrasion resistance is improved. However, if the added amount is less than 3%, the effect is small.

따라서 3-5% 범위로 하였다.Therefore, the range was 3-5%.

Mg은 Si와 결합하여 Mg2Si를 형성하여 Al 기지 강화와 함께 특히 MgAl2O3를 생성하여 경도에 기여한다.Mg combines with Si to form Mg 2 Si to form MgAl 2 O 3 together with Al matrix strengthening, contributing to hardness.

그 사용량이 적으면 효과가 적고 그 량이 많으면 인성을 해친다.If the amount is small, the effect is small. If the amount is large, the toughness is impaired.

따라서 1-2%로 하였다.Therefore, 1-2% was set.

Ni은 Al 또는 Cu와 공존하여 Al3Ni, Al3Ni2또는 Al-Cu-Ni계의 금속간 화합물을 생성시킨다.Ni coexists with Al or Cu to form an intermetallic compound of Al 3 Ni, Al 3 Ni 2 or Al-Cu-Ni.

이 금속간 화합물은 매트릭스중에서 고온강도와 내마모성을 증대시킨다.This intermetallic compound increases the high temperature strength and wear resistance in the matrix.

그량이 적으면 상기한 효과가 적고, 그 량이 많으면 첨가량에 비해 증진된 효과를 기대할 수 없는등 경제적으로 불리하다.If the amount is small, the above-mentioned effect is small, and if the amount is large, it is economically disadvantageous such that an enhanced effect cannot be expected compared to the added amount.

Si는 Al 및 Fe와 공존하여 Al-Fe-Si계의 금속간 화합물(α相)을 생성하여 매트릭스 중에서 분산되어 내마모성을 향상시킴과 함계 용탕과 분말(흑연으로 Fe 피복)을 혼합 주조시 주조성이 좋아 표면이 매끄럽고, 이형성(금형에서 이탈)이 양호하다.Si coexists with Al and Fe to form an Al-Fe-Si-based intermetallic compound (α phase), which is dispersed in a matrix to improve abrasion resistance, and castability when mixing and casting containing molten metal and powder (Fe coated with graphite) This good surface is smooth, and mold release property (deviation from a mold) is favorable.

그량이 적으면 상기 효과가 적고, 그 량이 많으면 석출의 편석 또는 인성이 저하된다.If the amount is small, the above effect is small. If the amount is large, segregation or toughness of precipitation decreases.

따라서 그 범위를 1-2%로 하였다.Therefore, the range was made into 1-2%.

흑연은 탄화물(Al4C3)을 형성하여 이것이 미세하게 균일 분포됨으로서 마찰계수와 소부착성을 떨어뜨림과 함께 내마모성을 향상시킨다.Graphite forms carbide (Al 4 C 3 ), which is finely uniformly distributed, which reduces friction coefficient and small adhesion and improves wear resistance.

그러나 흑연은 그 비중이 2.3으로 여타원소에 비해 그 비중이 적음으로 이를 분말로 단독 사용할 경우에는 용탕과의 혼합시 비산내지는 용탕과의 혼합이 용이하지 않아 기재내에 균일 혼합이 용이치 않다.However, graphite has a specific gravity of 2.3, which is less than that of other elements, and when it is used alone as a powder, it is not easy to mix with the molten metal which is scattered when mixing with the molten metal, so that uniform mixing in the substrate is not easy.

따라서, Fe 분말 표면에 흑연을 피복하여 사용함으로서 그 비중을 높게하여 상기에서의 문제점을 해결할 수 있다.Therefore, by coating graphite on the surface of the Fe powder, the specific gravity can be increased to solve the above problems.

이때 흑연의 피복은 설탕등과 같은 점결제를 사용한다.At this time, the coating of graphite uses a binder such as sugar.

흑연은 사용량이 적으면 상기한 효과가 적고 그 량이 많으면 기지가 취약하게 된다.If the amount of graphite is small, the above-mentioned effect is small, and if the amount is large, the matrix becomes weak.

따라서 그 범위를 4-5%로 하였다.Therefore, the range was 4-5%.

Fe는 Al 및 Si와 결합하여 Al-Fe-Si계 금속간 화합물을 만들어, 이것이 매트릭스중에 분산되어 내마모성을 촉진시킨다.Fe combines with Al and Si to form an Al-Fe-Si based intermetallic compound, which is dispersed in the matrix to promote wear resistance.

따라서 그 범위를 7-8%로 하였다.Therefore, the range was 7-8%.

상기한 본 발명은 다음과 같은 제조방법에 따라 제조된다.The present invention described above is manufactured according to the following production method.

제 1 도는 본 발명의 제조를 위한 실시예를 나타낸 장치의 계략도이고, 제 2 도는 타실시예를 나타낸 것이다.FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus showing an embodiment for the manufacture of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows another embodiment.

제 1 도에 나타난 바와같이, 모터(1)에 의해 일정 속도 회전하는 제품 형상의 금형(2), 상면에 본 발명의 알루미늄 합금이 용해된 도가니(3)와 흑연을 피복한 Fe분(5)이 저장된 호퍼(6)가 설치되어 있다.As shown in FIG. 1, the mold 2 of the product shape which rotates at a constant speed by the motor 1, the crucible 3 in which the aluminum alloy of this invention was melt | dissolved on the upper surface, and the Fe powder 5 which coated graphite. This stored hopper 6 is provided.

이와같은 장치에서 모터에 의해 금형을 회전시키면서 도가니(3)를 기울임과 동시에 호퍼(6)를 열어 용탕과 분말을 동시에 금형내에 주입시키면 주입된 합금물은 금형의 회전에 따라 균일 혼합되면서 주조된다.In such a device, the crucible 3 is tilted while the mold is rotated by a motor, and the hopper 6 is opened to simultaneously inject molten metal and powder into the mold, and the injected alloy is cast while being uniformly mixed according to the rotation of the mold.

이때 주입된 용탕은 금형과 접속됨에 따라 금속 냉각되어 응고되며, 주주속도 및 시간은 제품의 형상, 두께, 크기등에 따라 적절히 조절한다.At this time, the injected molten metal is solidified by cooling the metal as it is connected to the mold.

이와같은 금형의 회전도는 상태에서 용탕과 분말을 혼합하면 휘젓는 회전력에 의거 분말이 균일하게 분산됨으로서 고정된 금형에서 주조할때 보다 기지내의 분말 분포는 균일하게 이루어진다.When the molten metal and powder are mixed in such a state, the powder is uniformly dispersed based on the stirring force, so that the powder distribution in the matrix is more uniform than when casting in the fixed mold.

또한 제 2 도와 같이 금형(2)내에 돌기(7)를 형성하고 그 상면에 위치된 금형의 하부에는 상기 돌기와 어긋나게 또 다른 돌기(8)를 형성시킴에 따라 용탕과 분말이 금형 중앙에 주입되면 이 주입물은 화살표와 같이 돌기(7)의 경사면을 타고 상승하여 상편에 부딧침과 동시에 돌기(8)의 경사면을 따라 다시 하강되면서 금형에 주조된다.Also, as shown in Fig. 2, as the projections 7 are formed in the mold 2 and another projection 8 is formed at the lower part of the mold located on the upper surface of the mold 2, the molten metal and powder are injected into the center of the mold. The injection is cast on the mold while rising along the inclined surface of the projection 7 as shown by the arrow, and then descending along the inclined surface of the projection 8 at the same time.

이와같이 주입물은 회전하는 금형을 비롯한 돌기(7)(8)와의 거듭되는 충돌에 의거 확산 주조됨에 따라 더욱 더 균일 혼합된 성분을 갖는 제품을 얻게된다.In this way the injection is diffusion cast on the basis of repeated collisions with the projections 7 and 8, including the rotating mold, resulting in a product with even more uniformly mixed components.

이와같은 본 발명에 따른 물리적 특성의 결과는 (표 1)과 같다.The results of such physical properties according to the present invention are shown in Table 1.

Claims (3)

중량 % 로서, 알루미늄(Al) 81-84%, 구리(Cu) 3-5%, 마그네슘(Mg) 1-2%, 닉켈(Ni) 1-2%, 흑연 4-5%, 철(Fe) 7-8%로 이루어짐을 특징으로 하는 내마모성 알루미늄(Al) 합금.Weight%: Aluminum (Al) 81-84%, Copper (Cu) 3-5%, Magnesium (Mg) 1-2%, Nickel (Ni) 1-2%, Graphite 4-5%, Iron (Fe) Wear resistant aluminum (Al) alloy, characterized in that consisting of 7-8%. 중량 % 로서, 알루미늄(Al) 81-84%, 구리(Cu) 3-5%, 마그네슘(Mg) 1-2%, 닉켈(Ni) 1-2%, 규소(Si) 1-2% 로 조성된 용탕과, 흑연 (4-5%) 이 피복된 철분을 회전하는 금형에 동시에 주입하여 균일 혼합되도록 함을 특징으로 하는 내마모성 알루미늄(Al) 합금의 제조방법.As weight%, it is composed of 81-84% of aluminum (Al), 3-5% of copper (Cu), 1-2% of magnesium (Mg), 1-2% of nickel (Ni), and 1-2% of silicon (Si). Method of producing a wear-resistant aluminum (Al) alloy, characterized in that the molten metal and graphite (4-5%) coated iron powder is simultaneously injected into a rotating mold to be uniformly mixed. 제 2 항에 있어서, 금형에 주입되는 용탕과 철분이 금형의 회전시 상측으로 비산되어 상부금형에 부딪혀 혼합된 다음 주조됨을 특징으로 하는 내마모성 알루미늄(Al) 합금의 제조방법.The method of claim 2, wherein the molten metal and iron injected into the mold are scattered to the upper side during the rotation of the mold to impinge on the upper mold, mixed, and then cast.
KR1019930016428A 1993-08-24 1993-08-24 Method of manufacturing aluminium alloy KR930010044B1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003089676A3 (en) * 2002-04-12 2003-12-24 Electromagnetics Corp Iterative cycle process for carbon supersaturation of molten metal and solid metals obtained thereby

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003089676A3 (en) * 2002-04-12 2003-12-24 Electromagnetics Corp Iterative cycle process for carbon supersaturation of molten metal and solid metals obtained thereby

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