KR900003924B1 - Alkaline protease and alkalophilic streptomyces sp. ysa-130 - Google Patents
Alkaline protease and alkalophilic streptomyces sp. ysa-130 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
제 1 도 : 박층 크로마토그래피 방법에 의한 LL-DAP(디아미노피멜산)이성체 선별사진.1: Selected LL-DAP (diaminopimelic acid) isomer screen by thin layer chromatography method.
제 2a 및 2b 도 : 본 발명에 따른 스트렙토마이세스 속 YSA-130의 포자표면에 대한 주사형 전자 현미경의 5,000배 및 10,000배의 확대 사진.Figures 2a and 2b Figures: 5,000 times and 10,000 times magnification of a scanning electron microscope of the spore surface of the YSA-130 genus Streptomyces according to the present invention.
본 발명은 알카리성 단백질 분해효소를 생산하는 신규한 미생물 스트렙토마이세스 속 YSA-130 및 이에 의해 생산된 상기 효소에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a novel microbial Streptomyces genus YSA-130 that produces alkaline proteases and the enzymes produced thereby.
알카리성 단백질 분해효소는 단백질 분해효소의 일종으로 식품공업, 세제공업, 및 피혁공업과 같은 효소산업에서 사용되고 있으며[예 ; 참조 : Horikoshi, K.(1972), Agr, Biol.Chem., 36,285], 특히 세제공업에서는 알카리성 단백질 분해효소가 중성단백질 분해효소에 비하여 보다 효과적인 효소작용을 나타내기 때문에 그 수요는 상당히 급증하고 있는 추세에 있다. 종래에는 알카리성 단백질 분해효소의 생성을 단지 바실러스 속에만 의존해 왔으며 최근에 곰팡이, 방선균, 효모등으로부터도 생성됨이 밝혀지고 있다. 이에 부응하여 본 발명자도 장기간의 실험을 통해 효소학적으로 우수한 알카리성 단백질 분해효소를 생성하는 방선균의 일종인 신규한 스트렙토마이세스 속 YSA-130을 발견하기에 이르렀다.Alkaline proteases are a type of proteolytic enzymes that are used in the enzyme industry, such as the food industry, the food service industry, and the leather industry [eg; References: Horikoshi, K. (1972), Agr, Biol. Chem., 36,285], especially in the tax service industry, because alkaline proteases show more effective enzymatic activity than neutral proteases. There is a trend. In the past, the production of alkaline proteases has been dependent only on Bacillus, and recently, it has been found to be produced from fungi, actinomycetes, yeasts, and the like. In response to this, the present inventors have also found a novel Streptomyces genus YSA-130, which is a type of actinomycetes that produces an enzymatically superior alkaline protease through long-term experiments.
따라서 본 발명의 목적은 알카리 조건하에서 배양된 본 발명의 미생물에 의해 생산된 내열성, 내알칼리성 단백질 분해효소를 제공하는데 있다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a heat-resistant, alkali-resistant protease produced by the microorganism of the present invention cultured under alkaline conditions.
본 알카리성 단백질 분해효소를 생성하는 신규한 스트렙토마이세스 속 YSA-130[Streptomyces sp. YSA-130(대한민국 기탁기관 : 한국종균협회, 기탁일 : 1988년 3월 22일, 수탁번호 : KFCC-10581)]은 토양 샘플에서 분리하였다. 이하에서는 본 미생물을 다른 유사한 균종의 공지된 특징과 비교하고[참조 : R.E.Buchanan and N.E. Gibbsons, Eds., "Berjerjs Manual of Determinative Bacteriology" 8th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974 ; 및 E.B. Shirling and D.Gottlieb, "Cooperative Description of Type Cultures of Streptomyces "Int.J.Syst. Bacterial 19(4) : 279-399(1968) ]동시에 실험비교를 기본으로 하여 기술될 것이다.A novel Streptomyces genus YSA-130 [Streptomyces sp. YSA-130 (Korean Depositary Organization: Korean spawn association, Deposit Date: March 22, 1988, Accession No .: KFCC-10581)] was isolated from soil samples. In the following, the microorganisms are compared with the known features of other similar strains [R.E.Buchanan and N.E. Gibbsons, Eds., "Berjerjs Manual of Determinative Bacteriology" 8th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974; And E.B. Shirling and D. Gottlieb, "Cooperative Description of Type Cultures of Streptomyces" Int. J. Syst. Bacterial 19 (4): 279-399 (1968)] Simultaneous description will be based on experimental comparisons.
본 발명 미생물의 분류에 있어서, 스트렙토마이세스 속의 특징에 관한 국제 스토렙토마이세스 프로젝트(International Streptomyces Project)에 의해 제기된 방법[E.B Shirling and D.Gottlieb, "Methods of Characterization of Streptomyces species" Int.J.Syst.Bacterial 16(3), 313-340(1966)]에 따라 실험을 수행하였다.In the classification of microorganisms of the present invention, a method raised by the International Streptomyces Project on the characteristics of the genus Streptomyces [EB Shirling and D. Gottlieb, "Methods of Characterization of Streptomyces species" Int.J. Syst. Bacterial 16 (3), 313-340 (1966).
배양학적 특성과 생리적 특징을 검초하고자 할때 본 발명 미생물은 중성에서 생육되지 않기 때문에 PH를 7.5 및 PH 10.0로 조정하여 관찰하였다. 탄소원 이용은 필터-멸균된 탄소원이 최종농도 1.0% 가해진 배치로 측정하였다. 평판을 28℃에서 배양시키고 7 및 14일후에 관찰하였다. 멜라닌 색소 생성은 ISP No.7(타이로신 한천)배지에서, 전분, 잔틴(Xanthine) 및 타이로신(Tyrosine)분해는 ISP No.4(무기염-전분한천)배지에서 관찰하였다. Nacl 내성은 Nacl을 목적하는 농도와 동일하게 ISP No.2 한천배지에 첨가하여 측정하였다. 형태는 광학현미경으로 관찰하였고 주사형전자현미경(SEM-101 Hitachi-Akashi)을 사용하여 포자 표면을 관찰하였다. 본 발명 세포의 가수분해물중의 디아미노피멜산(DAP) 이성체의 존재 및 탄수화물(carbohydrate)의 존재 여부는 각각 백커등 및 레커발리어의 크로마토그래피 방법으로 확인하였다[참조 : B.Becker, M.P. Lechevalier, R.E. Gordon and H.A. Lechevalier, "Rapid Differentiation Between Nocardia and Streptomyces by paper chromatography of whole Cell Hydrolysates, "App1.Microbiol.11 : 421-423(1964) : 및 M.D.Lechevalier, "Identification of Aerobic Actinomycttes of Clinical Importance"J. Lab. Clin. Med.71 : 934-944(1968) ] .When examining the culture and physiological characteristics, the present invention was observed by adjusting the pH to 7.5 and PH 10.0 because the microorganism of the present invention does not grow in neutral. Carbon source utilization was measured in batches with a filter-sterilized carbon source at a final concentration of 1.0%. Plates were incubated at 28 ° C. and observed after 7 and 14 days. Melanin production was observed in ISP No. 7 (Tyrosine Agar) medium, and starch, Xanthine and Tyrosine degradation were observed in ISP No. 4 (Inorganic Salt-Starch Agar) medium. Nacl resistance was measured by adding Nacl to ISP No. 2 agar medium in the same concentration as desired. Morphology was observed by optical microscope and spore surface was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM-101 Hitachi-Akashi). The presence of diaminopimelic acid (DAP) isomers and carbohydrates in the hydrolyzates of the cells of the present invention was confirmed by chromatographic methods of Backker et al. And Reckervalier, respectively. See B. Becker, M.P. Lechevalier, R.E. Gordon and H.A. Lechevalier, "Rapid Differentiation Between Nocardia and Streptomyces by paper chromatography of whole Cell Hydrolysates," App 1. Microbiol. 11: 421-423 (1964) and M.D. Lechevalier, "Identification of Aerobic Actinomycttes of Clinical Importance" J. Lab. Clin. Med. 71: 934-944 (1968)].
제 1 도는 스트렙토마이세스 세포벽의 한 성분인 2,6-디아미노피멜산(DAP)이성체를 동정하는 방법으로서 박층 크로마토그래피하여 LL-및 메조-DAP 이성체중 LL-DAP 이성체가 선별되었음을 입증한 사진이다.FIG. 1 is a method for identifying 2,6-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) isomers of streptomyces cell wall, showing that LL-DAP isomers in LL- and meso-DAP isomers have been selected by thin layer chromatography. to be.
제 2 도는 전자현미경을 사용하여 스토렙토마이세스 종의 포자 표면 형태를 알아본 사진이다.2 is a photograph of spore surface morphology of Streptomyces spp. Using an electron microscope.
본 발명의 신규한 미생물 스트렙토마이세스 YSA-130의 성상확인Identification of Novel Microorganism Streptomyces YSA-130 of the Present Invention
[배양학적 특성][Culture Characteristics]
포자의 색은 흰색(W) 계통이 우세하였다. 뒷면의 색은 브라운(B)이었고 용해색소가 나타나지 않았고 멜라닌 색소를 생성하였다. 배양학적 특징을 표 1에 요약한다.Spore color was dominated by the white (W) line. The color on the back was brown (B) and no soluble pigment appeared, producing melanin pigment. The culture characteristics are summarized in Table 1.
[표 1]TABLE 1
스트랩토마이세스속 YSA-130(수탁번호 : KFCC-10581)의 배양적 특징.Cultural characteristics of Streptomyces YSA-130 (Accession No .: KFCC-10581).
* 본 발명 미생물의 배양학적 특징은 인터내셔날 스트렙토마이세스 프로젝트(I.S.P)에서 정한 배지를 사용하여 나타내었다.* The culture characteristics of the microorganisms of the present invention are shown using a medium defined by the International Streptomyces Project (I.S.P).
[형태학적 특성][Morphological characteristics]
포자는 5개이상의 파상형 배열로 되어 있다. 포자낭(Sporangia), 보속균체(sclerotia) 및 운동포자는 관찰되지 않았다. 배양물은 프리드함등의 렉트프렉서블(RF)섹션중에 놓는다[참조 : T.G.Fredham, C.W.Hesseltime and R.C. Benedict, "A Guide for the Classification of Streptomycetes According to Selected Groups" App1.Microbiol: 6; 52-79(1951)]. 포자형태는 타원형이고 포자크기는 주사형 전자현미경으로 측정한 경우 길이가 1.0 내지 1.2μM이고 폭은 0.5 내지 0.6μM이다. 포자 표면은 평평하다.Spores are arranged in five or more wavy shapes. Sporangia, sclerotia and motor spores were not observed. Cultures are placed in the Reflexible (RF) section of Friedham et al. [T.G.Fredham, C.W.Hesseltime and R.C. Benedict, "A Guide for the Classification of Streptomycetes According to Selected Groups" App 1. Microbiol: 6; 52-79 (1951). The spores are elliptical and the spore size is 1.0-1.2 μm in length and 0.5-0.6 μM in width when measured by scanning electron microscope. Spore surface is flat.
[생리학적 특성][Physiological characteristics]
스트렙토마이세스속 YSA-130은 그람양성이며 생육 PH 범위는 7.5-11.0이었고 생육온도는 20℃-40℃이었다. 전분, 타이로신을 분해하였고 잔틴을 분해하지 않았으며 12%이하의 염농도에서 생육하였다. 세포 가수분해물에는 세포벽의 한성분으로서 메조 및 하이드록시 이성체가 존재하지 않았고 4-디아미노 피멜산(DAP)만이 포함되어 있었다. 세포 가수분해물중에 존재하는 당은 특정한 당이 없는 당 타입 C이었다(참조 : 상기의 Buchanan et a1 및 rechevalier) 배양을 위한 탄소원은 다음과 같다. D-글루코즈, D-아라비노즈, D-갈락토즈, D-만니톨이 증식에 이용되며, 이노시톨, 자이로즈, 슈크로즈, 라피노즈, 살리신 및 프락토즈 중식에 이용하지 않았다. 생리적 특징을 표 2에 요약한다.Streptomyces genus YSA-130 was Gram-positive and had a pH range of 7.5-11.0 and a growth temperature of 20 ° C-40 ° C. Starch, tyrosine was digested and no xanthine was grown at salt concentrations below 12%. Cell hydrolysates contained no meso and hydroxy isomers as components of the cell wall and contained only 4-diamino pimelic acid (DAP). The sugars present in the cell hydrolysates were sugar type C without specific sugars (see Buchanan et al and rechevalier, above). D-glucose, D-arabinose, D-galactose, D-mannitol were used for propagation and were not used for inositol, gyrose, sucrose, raffinose, salicylic and fructose lunches. Physiological features are summarized in Table 2.
[표 2]TABLE 2
스트렙토마이세스속 YSA-130의 생리학적 및 생물학적 특성Physiological and Biological Properties of Streptomyces YSA-130
* ; 일정치 않음.*; Inconsistent.
[종의 결정][Decision of species]
배양학적, 형태학적 및 생리적 특징을 문헌[Buchanan et al., 상기참조 : Kurylovoioz et al., 상기 참조 : Eberhard Kuster "Simple Working Key for th Classification Identification of Named Toxa Included International Streptomyces project, Int.J. Syst bacterio1., 22(3) : 139-148(1972) : Hideo Nonomura, "Key for Classitication and Indentification of 458 species of the Streptomyces Included in ISP", J. Ferment Technol 52(3) : 78-82(1974)]에 공개된 특성과 비교하였다. 다음의 2가지 스트렙토마이세스 속은 본 배양물과 유사하였다 : 스트렙토마이세스 알보롱거스(Streptomyces abolongus(: 스트렙토마이세스 비리다리스 (Streptomyces viridaris). 이들 배양물은 파상형(RF)포자형태, 평평한 포자표면을 갖는 흰색(W) 계통에 속하여 멜라닌 색소를 생성하는 공통의 특징이 보고되어 있다. 그러나, 스트렙토마이세스 비리다리스는 녹색의 영양균사를 생성하는 특징과 탄소원 이용 패턴이 다르다. 스트렙토마이세스 알보롱거스도 탄소원 이용 패턴이 다른 특징을 가진다. 이의 탄소원 이용 패턴은 표 3에 요약된다.For culture, morphological and physiological characteristics, see Buchanan et al., Supra: Kurylovoioz et al., Supra: Eberhard Kuster "Simple Working Key for th Classification Identification of Named Toxa Included International Streptomyces project, Int. J. Syst bacterio 1., 22 (3): 139-148 (1972): Hideo Nonomura, "Key for Classitication and Indentification of 458 species of the Streptomyces Included in ISP", J. Ferment Technol 52 (3): 78-82 (1974) The following two Streptomyces genus were similar to this culture: Streptomyces abolongus (Streptomyces viridaris). A common feature of melanin pigmentation has been reported, belonging to the white (W) strain with a flat spore morphology and a flat spore surface, however, Streptomyces viridaris has the characteristic of producing green nutrient mycelia. And carbon source utilization pattern is different. Streptomyces al borong Gus also have the other features carbon source utilization patterns. Carbon source utilization patterns thereof are summarized in Table III.
[표 3]TABLE 3
스트렙토 마이세스 속 YSA-130과 스트렙토마이세스 알보롱거스의 탄소원 이용 비교Comparison of Carbon Source Utilization between Streptomyces YSA-130 and Streptomyces Alvorongus
이를 비교한 결과 본 균주는 알보롱거스와는 상이한 신규균주임을 알 수 있다. 한편, 스트렙토마이세스 속 YSA-130(대한민국 기탁기관 : 한국종균협회, 기탁일 : 1988년 3월 22일, 수탁번호 : KFCC-10581)의 배양 배지는 제조시 비용이 절감되므로 경제적으로 유리하다. 대규모 발효시, 바람직한 탄소원으로서는 전분이 사용되며 질소원으로서는 콩가루, 특히 정제된 콩가루가 사용된다. 배양 배지중의 영양 무기염은 황산마그네슘, 인산칼륨을 사용한다. 호기성 발효조건하에서의 알칼리성 단백질 분해효소는 활성이 매우 높으며 정제방법이 용이하다. 배양액을 유안분별침전시킨 다음 겔 크로마토그래피하여 82mg의 정제된 효소를 수득하였다(수율 : 20.3%). 이 결정화된 효소는 칼슘-아세테이트 완충용액(PH 6.0)을 사용하여 이틀간 투석하는 과정에서 얻어졌다.As a result of the comparison, it can be seen that this strain is a new strain different from Alvorongus. Meanwhile, the culture medium of Streptomyces genus YSA-130 (Korean Depository Organization: Korean spawn association, Deposit Date: March 22, 1988, Accession No .: KFCC-10581) is economically advantageous because the cost is reduced during manufacture. In large scale fermentation, starch is used as a preferred carbon source and soy flour, in particular refined soy flour, is used as nitrogen source. As nutrient mineral salt in culture medium, magnesium sulfate and potassium phosphate are used. Alkaline protease under aerobic fermentation conditions is very active and easy to purify. The culture solution was subjected to zonal precipitation and gel chromatography to give 82 mg of purified enzyme (yield: 20.3%). This crystallized enzyme was obtained in the course of two days of dialysis using calcium-acetate buffer (PH 6.0).
상기 수득된 알칼리성 단백질 분해효소는 PH 및 열 안정성 범위가 각각 5.0 내지 12.0 및 50℃ 이하이며 Ca2+첨가시 열안정성이 60℃까지 증가한다. 본 효소의 반응최적온도 및 최적 PH는 60℃ 및 11.5이다.The obtained alkaline protease has a pH and thermal stability range of 5.0 to 12.0 and 50 ° C. or less, respectively, and the thermal stability increases to 60 ° C. when Ca 2+ is added. The optimum temperature and optimum pH of the enzyme were 60 ° C and 11.5.
또한 알칼리성 단백질 분해효소는 분자량이 30,000이고 금속이온, 에틸렌 디아민 테트라아세트산(EDTA), 환원제에 의해 효소활성이 영향을 받지 않고 디이소프로필 플루오로포스페이트(DFP)에 의해 활성이 감소된다. 본 효소는 또한 계면활성제에 저항성이 크다. 효소의 결정모양은 막대형이나 침상형이다. 정제된 효소의 분자량(약 M.W30,000)은 에스.디.에스 폴리아크릴 아마이드(SDS-polyacrylamide) 전기영동법으로 측정한 것으로 이것은 이미 보고된 다른 스트렙토마이세스 속(Nakanidsh et al)바실러스 속(horikoshi)의 효소 분자량과 다름을 알수 있었다. 특히, 나까니시등의 스토렙토마이세스 속에 의해 생산된 단백질 분해효소와는 효소적 특성에서 현저한 차이점이 나타난다. 다음의 표 4에는 본 발명 미생물과 나까니시의 스트렙토마이세스 속과의 몇가지 현저한 차이점이 기술되어 있다.In addition, alkaline protease has a molecular weight of 30,000 and is not affected by metal ions, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), or a reducing agent, and is reduced by diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). The enzyme is also highly resistant to surfactants. Enzymes are rod-shaped or needle-shaped. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme (approximately M.W30,000) was determined by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis, which was previously reported by other genus Streptomyces genus (Nakanidsh et al). horikoshi) was found to be different from the molecular weight. In particular, there is a marked difference in the enzymatic properties from proteases produced by the Streptomyces genus such as Nakanishi. Table 4 below describes some significant differences between the present microorganisms and the genus Streptomyces genus.
[표 4]TABLE 4
스트렙토마이세스속 YSA-130과 스트렙토마이세스속(Nakanish)와의 차이점Difference between Streptomyces YSA-130 and Streptomyces (Nakanish)
정제된 본 발명의 효소는 PH와 온도 안정성 면에서 매우 우수하였고 계면활성제 내성 또한 강했다. 따라서, 본 발명의 효소는 기종의 알카리성 단백질 분해효소의 효소학적 특징과는 다르다는 것을 알수 있다.The purified enzyme of the present invention was very good in terms of pH and temperature stability and was also resistant to surfactants. Therefore, it can be seen that the enzyme of the present invention is different from the enzymatic characteristics of the alkaline alkaline proteases.
본 발명의 스트렙토마이세스속 YSA-130은 당계전문가라면 물리화학적 방법으로 변형시킬 수 있음을 잘 알수 있을 것이다. 예를들면 본 발명 균주의 인위적 변형주 및 돌연변이 유발원(mutagen)으로 처리함으로써 얻어질 수 있다. 따라서 본 발명 균주의 알카리성 단백질 분해효소생성 돌연변이주, 변형주 및 재조합균주가 본 발명의 범주에 포함된다.Streptomyces genus YSA-130 of the present invention can be seen that can be modified by physicochemical methods if the expert in sugar. For example, it can be obtained by treatment with artificial strains and mutagens of the strains of the invention. Therefore, alkaline protease-producing mutant strains, modified strains, and recombinant strains of the strains of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
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