KR900003037B1 - Swaged metal denture base - Google Patents
Swaged metal denture base Download PDFInfo
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- KR900003037B1 KR900003037B1 KR1019870012738A KR870012738A KR900003037B1 KR 900003037 B1 KR900003037 B1 KR 900003037B1 KR 1019870012738 A KR1019870012738 A KR 1019870012738A KR 870012738 A KR870012738 A KR 870012738A KR 900003037 B1 KR900003037 B1 KR 900003037B1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/053—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure characterised by the material of the blanks
- B21D26/055—Blanks having super-plastic properties
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/01—Palates or other bases or supports for the artificial teeth; Making same
- A61C13/06—Palates or other bases or supports for the artificial teeth; Making same made by punching
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/20—Methods or devices for soldering, casting, moulding or melting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S164/00—Metal founding
- Y10S164/04—Dental
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- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
Abstract
Description
제1도는 본 발명에 의한 의치용 압인상을 제조하는 장치의 개략적인 단면도.1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus for producing a denture for denture according to the present invention.
제2도는 본 발명에 의한 성형 작업중의 의치용 압인상과 암컷금형(Female die)의 관계를 나타낸 단면도.Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the impression of the denture and the female die during the molding operation according to the present invention.
제3도는 본 발명의 의치용 압인상의 평면도이다.3 is a plan view of the denture for denture of the present invention.
* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings
1: 밀폐된 주형 2: 암컷금형(Female die)1: hermetically sealed mold 2: female die
2a: 가공면 3: 합금판2a: Machined surface 3: alloy plate
4: 도관 5: 주형뚜껑4: conduit 5: mold lid
6: 가스켓 7: 형성된 의치용 압인상6: gasket 7: formed denture for denture
8: 공간 9: 공간8: space 9: space
10: 관통구멍 A: 간극10: through hole A: gap
본 발명은, 의치용 압인상(壓印床) 및 그의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a stamped image for dentures and a method for producing the same.
종래의 전형적인 금속 의치용 압인상은, 정밀주조에 의해 용이하게 형태를 만들 수 있는 코발트-크롬합금이나 니켈-크롬 합금으로 제조되었다. 그러나, 이러한 주조에 의한 의치용 압인상의 제조물은 다음과 같은 결점이 있었다: (가) 얇은 의치용 압인상을 생산하기 곤란하며; (나) 결함있는 생산품의 발생율이 높으며; (다) 주조물의 표면이 평활하지 못하여, 연마 작업에 많은 시간을 요한다.Conventional typical metal denture stamps are made of cobalt-chromium alloys or nickel-chromium alloys that can be easily shaped by precision casting. However, the production of denture indents by such casting has the following drawbacks: (a) it is difficult to produce thin dentures for dentures; (B) the incidence of defective products is high; (C) The surface of the casting is not smooth, which requires a lot of time for polishing.
상기와 같은 주조에 의한 의치용 압인상 제조품의 결점을 해소하기 위하여, 최근에 스테인레스 강판이나 순수 티타니움판을 냉각 성형함에 의하여 제조되는 스웨이지 가공에 의한 금속 의치용 압인상이 제안되었다.In order to alleviate the drawbacks of the denture indentation article manufactured by the above casting, the denture indentation for metal denture by swaging process which is manufactured by cold-molding a stainless steel plate or a pure titanium plate is proposed recently.
그러나, 이러한 스웨이지에 의한 금속 의치용 압인상을 제조하기 위하여는, 값비싼 프레스 기계가 필요하다. 또한, 그 제조방법도 다수의 복잡한 단계를 포함한다. 예를들면, 고무프레스 단계, 금속프레스 단계와 다듬질 프레스 단계를 필요로 한다. 또한, 가공 경화시의 문제점들을 제거하기 위하여는 소둔(Annealing)단계로 필요하다.However, in order to manufacture the stamped image for metal dentures by such swage, an expensive press machine is needed. The method of manufacture also includes a number of complex steps. For example, a rubber press step, a metal press step and a finishing press step are required. In addition, in order to eliminate the problems during work hardening is necessary in the annealing (Annealing) step.
상기한 각각의 프레스 단계에는 반드시 1쌍의 암. 수 정밀금형이 구비되어야 한다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 상술한 바와같이 냉간성형(프레스 성형)된 의치용 압인상은 주조에 의한 압인상과 비교할때 정밀도가 떨어진다. 그러므로, 개개인의 구강에 정확하게 맞는 스웨이지 가공에 의한 의치용 압인상을 얻기는 매우 어려운데, 이는 주로 금속판이 복원(Spring back) 특성을 가지는데에 연유한다.Each press step described above necessarily has a pair of arms. Male precision molds should be provided. Nevertheless, cold stamping (press molding) denture stamping indentations as described above are inferior in precision when compared to stamping stampings by casting. Therefore, it is very difficult to obtain denture stamps for dentures by swaging to precisely fit an individual's oral cavity, mainly because the metal plate has spring back characteristics.
따라서, 본 발명의 목적은, 정확하게 착용되는 의치용 압인상과 그것을 높은 정밀도로 냉간성형하는 효과적인 방법을 제공함에 있다. 본 발명에 의하면, 초가소성(Super plasticity)을 가지는 합금판을 압착 성형함으로써 의치용 압인상이 만들어진다.Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a denture impression for denture wear that is precisely worn and an effective method for cold forming it with high precision. According to the present invention, a denture indentation for denture is produced by compression molding an alloy plate having super plasticity.
이하에서 사용되는 "초가소성"의 정의는, 맥그로우힐(McGraw-Hill) 과학기술용어 대사전(제5판, 일본국 일간공업 신문사 발행)에 의하며, 이는 다음과 같다. "어떤 금속이나 합금이, 높은 온도에서는 마치 가열된 중합체나 유리체처럼 수천 % 일정하게 늘어나는 특이한 성질."The definition of "superplasticity" used below is defined by the McGraw-Hill Scientific and Technological Metabolism Dictionary (Fifth Edition, published by Japan Daily Newspaper). "The unusual nature of any metal or alloy that stretches thousands of percent at high temperatures, like a heated polymer or glass body."
또한, "통상의 크리이프 조건하에서는, 종래의 합금은 일정하게 늘어나지 않고, 넥 -다운(Necked-down) 영역을 형성하며, 단지 100% 이하의 신장후 파쇄된다."In addition, "under normal creep conditions, conventional alloys do not stretch uniformly, form a necked-down region, and fracture only after elongation of less than 100%."
상기 합금판은 일본국 정기 간행물 "철강"지(1984년) 제 15호 378 내지 385 페이지에 개시된 바와같은, Ti-6Al-4V 합금등의 알파(α)+베타(β)형 티타니움 합금이나, 델타(δ)+감마(γ) 2-위상(Two-phase) 스테인레스강 등의 2위상 스테인레스강으로 되는 것이 바람직한데, 이러한 합금들은 무독성이며 양호한 내부식성 및 높은 강도를 갖기 때문이다.The alloy plate is an alpha (α) + beta (β) type titanium alloy, such as Ti-6Al-4V alloy, as disclosed in Japanese Periodical Publication "Steel" magazine (1984) No. 15, pages 378-385, It is preferred to be a two phase stainless steel, such as delta (δ) + gamma (γ) two-phase stainless steel, since these alloys are non-toxic and have good corrosion resistance and high strength.
이러한 의치용 압인상을 제조하는 방법은, 초가소성을 가진 합금판을 가공면을 가진 암컷금형과 마주 대하도록 위치시키는 작업과, 이 합금판이 초가소성을 나타내는 온도에서, 가공면상의 합금판을 압착 성형하는 작업을 포함한다.The method for producing a denture base for dentures includes the operation of placing an alloy plate having superplasticity so as to face a female mold having a working surface, and pressing the alloy plate on the processing surface at a temperature at which the alloy plate exhibits superplasticity. Work of molding.
예를들면 합금판의 제1면이 상기 암컷금형의 가공면과 마주보게 놓고, 이 합금판의 다른쪽면이 제1면에서 받은 것보다 높은 압력을 받게 함으로써, 이 합금판이 암컷금형의 가공면상에서 초가소성 변형을 겪게 된다.For example, the alloy plate is placed on the female mold surface by placing the first surface of the alloy plate facing the machining surface of the female mold and subjecting the other surface of the alloy plate to a higher pressure than that received from the first surface. It will undergo superplastic deformation.
상기 합금판은, 바람직하게는 압력원으로서, 이 합금판과 반응을 일으키지 않는, 불활성 기체, 질소가스, 용융염, 용융광석 등을 사용하여 압착 성형된다. 압착 성형 동안에 합금판과 금형사이의 공간은 진공으로 될 수 있다. 암컷금형은, 바람직하게는, 지르코니아, 알루미나, 실리카 또는 이들의 조합과 같은 내구성물질로 만들어지는데, 초가소성 온도가 비교적 높으며, 이러한 세라믹스들로부터는 금형들이 비교적 용이하게 제조되기 때문이다. 암컷금형은, 실질적으로 합금판과 동일한 온도팽창 계수를 갖는 것이 바람직하다.The alloy plate is preferably press-molded using an inert gas, nitrogen gas, molten salt, molten ore, or the like, which does not react with the alloy plate as a pressure source. During compression molding, the space between the alloy plate and the mold can be vacuumed. The female mold is preferably made of a durable material such as zirconia, alumina, silica or a combination thereof, since the superplasticity temperature is relatively high, and molds are made relatively easy from these ceramics. It is preferable that the female mold has substantially the same temperature expansion coefficient as the alloy plate.
본 발명은, 많은 장점을 제공한다. 예를들면, 합금판이 초가소성을 갖기 때문에, 암컷금형의 가공면이 복잡한 형태로 되어 있더라도 수컷금형(Male die)을 사용하지 아니하고 개개인의 구강에 효과적이고도 정확하게 착용될 수 있다.The present invention provides many advantages. For example, because the alloy plate has a superplasticity, even if the processing surface of the female mold has a complicated shape, it can be effectively and accurately worn on the oral cavity of an individual without using a male die.
또한, 알파(α)+베타(β)형 티타니움 합금이나 2위상 스테인레스강의 경우에, 초가소성 온도가 비교적 높기 때문에, 매우 적은 변형에너지만이 남게 되어, 성형후 응력제거 소둔처리 단계가 필요하지 않게 된다. 주조에 의한 의치용 압인상을 성형하는데 사용되는 종래의 어떠한 금형도, 본 발명의 암컷금형으로 이용될 수 있다.In addition, in the case of alpha (α) + beta (β) type titanium alloy or two-phase stainless steel, since the superplasticity temperature is relatively high, very little strain energy remains, so that the post-molding stress relief annealing step is unnecessary. do. Any conventional mold used for forming the denture for dentures by casting can be used as the female mold of the present invention.
따라서, 구강에 정확하게 맞는 판을 만들기 위한 암컷금형이 매우 용이하게 제작된다. 합금판이 압착 성형되기 때문에, 주조성형 상태가 불량하게 된다든가, 수축공동이 생기는 등, 주조기술과 관련된 여러 문제점등을 피할 수 있다.Therefore, the female mold for making the plate exactly fit in the oral cavity is very easily manufactured. Since the alloy plate is press-molded, various problems related to the casting technique, such as poor casting state or shrinkage cavity, can be avoided.
또한, 생산품의 표면도 평활하게 되며, 얇은 의치용 압인상이 용이하게 얻어질 수 있다.In addition, the surface of the product is also smoothed, and a thin stamped impression for dentures can be easily obtained.
본 발명에 의한 의치용 압인상은, 소수의 제작 단계를 거쳐 값싸게 생산될 수 있다.The denture stamp for denture according to the present invention can be produced inexpensively through a few manufacturing steps.
[실시예]EXAMPLE
제1도는 본 발명에 의한 의치용 압인상의 제조에 있어서의 초가소성 합금판의 압착 성형을 나타낸다.1 shows the compression molding of a superplastic alloy plate in the production of a denture base for dentures according to the present invention.
완전히 밀폐된 주형(1)에는, 구강에 정확하게 맞도록 상기한 바와같은 내구성 물질로 만들어진 암컷금형(2)이 마련된다. 초가소성을 갖는 합금판(3)이 암컷금형(2)과 마주보게 놓여진다. 이 합금판(3)은 바람직하게 는 Ti-6Al-4V 합금이다. 도관(4)이 주형뚜껑(5)내로 유체를 공급하게 된다. 가스켓(6)은 완전한 밀폐를 제공하기 위하여 상기 뚜껑(5)과 합금판(3) 사이에 배설된다.The fully sealed mold 1 is provided with a female mold 2 made of a durable material as described above so as to fit precisely into the oral cavity. The superplasticity alloy plate 3 is placed facing the female mold 2. This alloy plate 3 is preferably a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The conduit 4 supplies fluid into the mold lid 5. A gasket 6 is disposed between the lid 5 and the alloy plate 3 to provide a complete seal.
상기 합금판(3)의 산화를 방지하기 위해서, 주형내의 공간(8), (9)은 진공으로 되거나 불활성 기체로 채워지며, 그후에 Ti-6Al-4V 합금의 초가소성 온도로 가열된다. 합금판(3)이 초가소성을 나타내게 되는 온도로 가열되었을때, 불활성 기체나 용융염 액체가, 공간(8)내로 흘러 넣어져서, 암컷금형(2)의 가공면(2a)상으로 합금판(3)에 압력을 가하게 된다. 이 합금판(3)은 상기 암컷금형(2)의 가공면(2a)상에서 초가소성적으로 압착 성형된다. 형성된 합금판(3)은 용이하게 연마될 수 있는 매끄러운 표면을 가지게 되며, 응력제거 소둔처리 단계는 불필요하다.In order to prevent oxidation of the alloy plate 3, the spaces 8 and 9 in the mold are either vacuumed or filled with an inert gas and then heated to the superplasticity temperature of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. When the alloy plate 3 is heated to a temperature exhibiting superplasticity, an inert gas or molten salt liquid flows into the space 8, and the alloy plate 3 is formed on the processed surface 2a of the female mold 2. Pressure is applied to 3). The alloy plate 3 is superplastically press-molded on the working surface 2a of the female mold 2. The formed alloy plate 3 has a smooth surface that can be easily polished, and the stress relief annealing step is unnecessary.
[시험예][Test Example]
표 1에 기술한 3개의 판을 준비하였다. 내구성물질로 만들어진 암컷금형을 구강 형태로 맞도록 하여 준비하였다. 각 물질의 성분을 표 1에 나타내었다. 각각의 판과 암컷금형은 제1도에 나타낸 바와같이, 주형(1)내에 위치된다. 표 2에서 주어진 조건하에, 상기 판들은 스웨이지 가공에 의한 의치용 압인상으로 형성시켰다.Three plates as described in Table 1 were prepared. Female molds made of durable materials were prepared to fit the oral cavity. The components of each material are shown in Table 1. Each plate and female mold is located in mold 1, as shown in FIG. Under the conditions given in Table 2, the plates were formed into denture indents by swaging.
상기 의치용 압인상에 대한 시험결과가 종래의 2가지 의치용 압인상에 대한 시험결과와 비교되어 표 2에 나타내어져 있다. 형성된 의치용 압인상(7)은 다수개의 관통구멍(10)들이 형성되어 있는 플랜지 부분을 가진다. 생산정밀도는 제2도에 나타낸 바와같이, 형성된 의치용 압인상(7)과 암컷금형(2) 사이의 측정간극(A)에 의해 결정된다. 이러한 간극(A)은, 합금판의 복원특성에 기인하여 발생된다. 종래의 냉간-프레싱 방법의 경우에는, 간극(A)이 50 내지 500μ이었다.The test results for the denture impressions are shown in Table 2 in comparison with the results of the two conventional denture impressions. The formed denture indentation 7 has a flange portion in which a plurality of through holes 10 are formed. The production accuracy is determined by the measurement gap A between the formed denture indentation 7 and the female mold 2, as shown in FIG. This gap A is generated due to the recovery characteristics of the alloy plate. In the case of the conventional cold-pressing method, the gap A was 50 to 500 mu.
그러나, 본 발명에 있어서는 간극(A)이 불과 5 내지 100μ임이 확인되었다. 표 2에서 알수 있는 바와같이, 본 발명에 의한 의치용 압인상은, 소정의 구성에 있어서 정확한 형태 및 뛰어난 착용감을 제공할 수 있었다. 또한, 표면 연마 시간이 짧고, 응력제거 소둔처리가 불필요하기 때문에, 제작비가 매우 싸다.However, in this invention, it was confirmed that the clearance gap A is only 5-100 micrometers. As can be seen from Table 2, the denture stamp for denture according to the present invention was able to provide an accurate shape and excellent fit in a predetermined configuration. In addition, since the surface polishing time is short and the stress relief annealing process is unnecessary, the manufacturing cost is very low.
[표 1]TABLE 1
[표 2]TABLE 2
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP24002486A JPH0669459B2 (en) | 1986-10-08 | 1986-10-08 | Imprinting plate for denture and manufacturing method thereof |
JP61-240024 | 1986-10-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR890007710A KR890007710A (en) | 1989-07-05 |
KR900003037B1 true KR900003037B1 (en) | 1990-05-04 |
Family
ID=17053328
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019870012738A KR900003037B1 (en) | 1986-10-08 | 1987-11-12 | Swaged metal denture base |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4824373A (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0669459B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR900003037B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU584524B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1320654C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3733991A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2196261B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4209569C2 (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1994-11-10 | Hahn Rainer | Denture base |
US5467626A (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1995-11-21 | The Boeing Company | Integral forming die system for superplastic metal forming |
JP2754197B2 (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1998-05-20 | 工業技術院長 | Mold for superplastic working of titanium alloy |
US6116070A (en) | 1998-11-11 | 2000-09-12 | Advanced Research And Technology Institute | Superplastically-formed prosthetic components, and equipment for same |
JP2000325365A (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2000-11-28 | Casting Okamoto:Kk | Denture having projecting and recessed part on the mucosa side and manufacture therefor |
US7112064B1 (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2006-09-26 | Jerry Fenc | Denture |
US20070003908A1 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-01-04 | Sequoia Dental Studio, Llc | Dental crown composed of anodized titanium |
RU2405498C1 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2010-12-10 | Андрей Леонидович Калинин | Frame detachable denture with soft basis |
RU2428952C1 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-09-20 | Андрей Леонидович Калинин | Frame detachable prosthesis with soft basis and micromobility of artificial teeth |
JP5707179B2 (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2015-04-22 | 株式会社ジーシー | Technical stand |
KR101292989B1 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-08-02 | 주식회사 신흥 | Method for manufacturing crown and the crown manufactured thereby |
ES2380964B1 (en) * | 2012-04-03 | 2012-11-27 | Iñigo Casares Gurmendi | MODEL DUPLICATOR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DENTAL PROSTHETICS |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1032982A (en) * | 1964-03-25 | 1966-06-15 | Nat Res Dev | Production of metal denture plates and the like |
US3600752A (en) * | 1969-01-23 | 1971-08-24 | Erich Kopp | Device for making dental casting patterns |
JPS572828A (en) * | 1980-06-10 | 1982-01-08 | Nippon Steel Corp | Manufacture of steel product with superior suitability to pickling |
SU1199244A1 (en) * | 1983-10-28 | 1985-12-23 | Turkmenskij Druzhby Narodov G | Apparatus for casting dentures |
DE3610349A1 (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1987-10-08 | Rolf Schatz | Process and device for producing individual cast plastic models for dental cast articles |
-
1986
- 1986-10-08 JP JP24002486A patent/JPH0669459B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-10-02 US US07/103,648 patent/US4824373A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-10-07 GB GB8723552A patent/GB2196261B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-07 AU AU79422/87A patent/AU584524B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-10-07 CA CA000548757A patent/CA1320654C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-10-08 DE DE19873733991 patent/DE3733991A1/en active Granted
- 1987-11-12 KR KR1019870012738A patent/KR900003037B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4824373A (en) | 1989-04-25 |
JPS6395048A (en) | 1988-04-26 |
GB2196261B (en) | 1990-06-06 |
GB2196261A (en) | 1988-04-27 |
GB8723552D0 (en) | 1987-11-11 |
KR890007710A (en) | 1989-07-05 |
DE3733991A1 (en) | 1988-04-21 |
JPH0669459B2 (en) | 1994-09-07 |
AU584524B2 (en) | 1989-05-25 |
DE3733991C2 (en) | 1991-12-19 |
AU7942287A (en) | 1988-04-28 |
CA1320654C (en) | 1993-07-27 |
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