KR20160143408A - Pressure generating device using heat exchange of ultralow temperature liquid nitrogen and thermal media of all sorts and power generating apparatus using thereof - Google Patents

Pressure generating device using heat exchange of ultralow temperature liquid nitrogen and thermal media of all sorts and power generating apparatus using thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20160143408A
KR20160143408A KR1020150080092A KR20150080092A KR20160143408A KR 20160143408 A KR20160143408 A KR 20160143408A KR 1020150080092 A KR1020150080092 A KR 1020150080092A KR 20150080092 A KR20150080092 A KR 20150080092A KR 20160143408 A KR20160143408 A KR 20160143408A
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South Korea
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heat
liquid nitrogen
pressure vessel
main pressure
various
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KR1020150080092A
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Korean (ko)
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권희재
권예지
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권희재
권예지
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Priority to KR1020150080092A priority Critical patent/KR20160143408A/en
Publication of KR20160143408A publication Critical patent/KR20160143408A/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/16—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being hot liquid or hot vapour, e.g. waste liquid, waste vapour
    • F24J2/00—
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a pressure generating device using a heat exchange between ultralow temperature liquid nitrogen and various thermal media, which obtains various types of actually usable energy by using a high pressure in a sealed pressure container generated by accommodating liquid nitrogen evaporating to expand to a gas state at a temperature of -196 at a general atmospheric pressure of 1 atm in the sealed pressure container, exchanging heat between the liquid nitrogen and various heat sources, and very speedily and rapidly vaporizing the liquid nitrogen. According to an appropriate embodiment of the present invention, the pressure generating device using a heat exchange between ultralow temperature liquid nitrogen and various thermal media comprises: a main pressure container which accommodates the ultralow temperature liquid nitrogen; and a medium supply means which accommodates liquid or gas state heat media obtained from various external heat sources and heat-transfers heat energy of the liquid or gas state heat media to the ultralow temperature liquid nitrogen in the main pressure container, wherein a high pressure is generated in the main pressure container accommodating the ultralow temperature liquid nitrogen through a heat exchange between the ultralow temperature liquid nitrogen and the liquid or gas state heat media in the medium supply means.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pressure generating device using heat exchange between cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat mediums and a power generating device using the same,

The present invention relates not only to all the heat sources such as the cold heat of liquid nitrogen at a cryogenic temperature and the waste heat discharged from each factory, industrial facility, public facilities and various commercial facilities, Energy acquisition to efficiently acquire the energy of proper means such as the state of electric energy or the state of the air pressure and the rotational driving force by heat exchange between the hot water of the hot water and the hot spring area or the underground hot water of the appropriate water temperature Liquid nitrogen which is supposed to expand in a gaseous state at a temperature of -196 ° C under a normal atmospheric pressure (1 atm) is accommodated in a sealed pressure vessel, and heat (heat) Heat) exchange, so that the high pressure in the pressure vessel A force directed to a cryogenic liquid nitrogen and the pressure generating apparatus and power generation apparatus using the same by heat exchange between the various heating medium for obtaining the energy of the actual use of the various means available.

Liquid nitrogen is a byproduct which is generated during the process of obtaining liquid oxygen by cooling the air and is very cheap in price. Unlike LNG and LPG, liquid nitrogen itself does not emit energy while directly burning, Only.

Liquid oxygen is a basic material for industry that is widely used in various industries such as rocket fuel and steelmaking. Liquid nitrogen, which is a byproduct of cooling the air and separating liquid oxygen by boiling point difference, And various experimental researches. Recently, it has been used as refrigerant for superconducting, but its demand is much lower than that of liquid oxygen, and the price is very low, about 200 ~ 500 won per liter.

 In addition, liquid nitrogen has a large latent heat of evaporation that takes up 47.65 cal of heat per gram at -196 ° C under atmospheric pressure. Its specific gravity is 0.808, and liquid nitrogen weighing about 1 kg weighs about 1.24 liters do.

As described above, liquid nitrogen, which is very cheap and contains a considerably large amount of cold energy, has a very low rate of vaporization in contact with atmospheric air, and thus it has not been utilized as an alternative energy source which is realistic until now.

In reality, various means such as solar power, wind power generation, and hydrogen energy field, which are somewhat useful, are exposed to limitations and shortcomings of their own. First, the initial cost for making solar power generation facilities is very expensive (10-15%), which requires a very large area of land, while generating efficiency is low.

Not only is wind power generation costly at an early stage, but it is also very inefficient because a very large area of land is required.

Hydrogen energy, in particular, is very dangerous in terms of explosion, but it is a gas itself that is expensive to produce and store and transport. In order to make it liquid, there is enormous pressure and the containers, equipment and devices Hydrogen fuel cells, which are used in part because they are necessary and practically impossible, are also very expensive.

 On the other hand, nitrogen in liquid or gaseous state does not burn by itself like LNG or LPG, so there is no danger of sudden ignition and explosion or fire due to it, and sudden explosion (Or liquid), which is completely free of danger, and especially because it is a by-product of the process of making liquid oxygen as mentioned above, it is a great advantage that the price is very low.

In addition, it has a social infrastructure based on the distribution process such as storage and transportation. Also, it is completely excluded to secure a large area as in the case of photovoltaic or wind power generation, and the initial cost for making the device is also very low.

Nitrogen is a clean, clean energy source that contains 78% of the atmospheric air and does not cause any environmental damage even if the liquid nitrogen is vaporized and released into the atmosphere.

In recent years, attempts have been made to generate electric energy by means of a thermoelectric element (Peltier element) such as waste heat or waste water that can be obtained from various factories or industrial facilities, but the thermoelectric element Peltier element) is used as a cooling material that is effectively used in a small food refrigerator or the like to cool the heat generated from components of various electronic products. The Peltier element is applied to a thermoelectric generator utilizing the temperature difference between the heat absorbing part and the heat radiating part The efficiency of the device is very low, less than 10%, and the base material itself consists of a continuous combination of P-type and N-type semiconductors. The price of the device itself is very high and the temperature difference between the heat- C), it is only possible to secure the efficiency of about 15%, which is the commercial limit. It is too limited to secure a temperature difference of several hundred degrees (about 200 ° C ~ 500 ° C) as waste heat or waste water obtained from factories or industrial facilities, and even if it is secured, It is also obvious that it costs a lot of money.

In the above, liquid nitrogen is a by-product of the process of producing liquid oxygen, and is stored and transported by a tanker vehicle or small pressure vessels. As a result, liquid nitrogen in a container which is simply sealed is somewhat vaporized And the pressure of the container will increase a little, but its size is so small that it is impossible to obtain realistic useful power.

As a background of the present invention, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 1998-018292, a gas turbine, an operation method thereof, and a power generation system have been proposed. Wherein the power generation system comprises a compressor section, a combustor for receiving compressed air from the compressor section, a gas turbine having a turbine section for receiving hot combustion gases from the combustor, and a cooling system, A heat exchanger for cooling the generator and for expanding the liquid nitrogen to a gaseous state by arranging the liquid nitrogen in a heat exchange relationship with the cooling system of the generator by receiving liquid nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen source, , Means for supplying the gas phase (i) to the combustor to reduce NOx formation therein, or (ii) to feed the turbine section to increase the gas turbine power output.

In the background art, nitrogen gas is obtained by passing liquid nitrogen through a cooling coil to control nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a combustor, and it is difficult to efficiently operate the turbine without a combustor. Also, this background art has no way to utilize the various waste heat mentioned above.

Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1998-018292 (Gas Turbine, Operation Method and Power Generation System)

In the present invention, liquid nitrogen which is vaporized at -196 ° C under normal atmospheric pressure (1 atm) and tries to expand into a gaseous state is accommodated in a sealed pressure vessel, and heat exchange with the various heat sources A pressure generating device using heat exchange between cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat mediums to obtain energy of various means which can be practically used as a high pressure in a pressure vessel generated at that time, And a power generation device.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a pressure generating apparatus using heat exchange between cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat mediums,

There is provided a main medium pressure vessel for accommodating cryogenic liquid nitrogen and a heating medium supply means for receiving heat energy of a heating medium in a liquid or gaseous state obtained from various external heat sources and for transferring heat energy of the heating medium to cryogenic liquid nitrogen in the main pressure vessel And a high-pressure pressure is generated in the main pressure vessel accommodating the liquid nitrogen by the mutual heat exchange between the ultra-low temperature liquid nitrogen and the heat medium in the heat medium supply means.

A liquid nitrogen supply conduit connected to the liquid supply port for supplying liquid nitrogen to the main pressure vessel;

A liquid nitrogen supply opening / closing valve connected to the liquid nitrogen supply pipe for opening / closing the liquid nitrogen introduction passage;

A high pressure gas discharge pipe connected to the main pressure vessel for discharging high pressure gas generated by vaporization from cryogenic liquid nitrogen;

And a high-pressure gas discharge opening / closing valve connected to the high-pressure gas discharge pipe for opening / closing the high-pressure gas in the main pressure vessel.

Further, an auxiliary pressure vessel for storing the high-pressure gas is further provided between the main pressure vessel and the high-pressure gas discharge pipe.

Further, an intermediate valve is further provided in a line connecting the main pressure vessel and the auxiliary pressure vessel.

Further, each of the heat radiating plates and the heat absorbing plates, which are in the form of a plate, a band plate, a rod, a pin or a ring, are further attached to the inner and outer surfaces of the main pressure vessel.

In addition, a plurality of heat conductors penetrating the inside and outside of the outer wall of the main pressure vessel are provided, and one side portion of the heat conductor inside the main pressure vessel is in direct contact with the cryogenic liquid nitrogen accommodated in the inside of the pressure vessel And the other side of the heat conductor outside the main pressure vessel is in direct contact with the heating medium obtained from the various heat sources outside, thereby increasing the pressure inside the main pressure vessel by heat exchange.

The heat conductor includes a wide plate-shaped thermally conductive plate contacting the surface of the main pressure vessel and a thermally conductive protrusion protruding from the thermally conductive plate to the inside of the main pressure vessel.

Further, a plurality of small endothermic plates in the form of a plate, a strip, or a rod are attached to the outer surface of the thermally conductive plate.

Further, the heat radiating plates are further attached to the surface of the portion protruding from the heat conduction protrusion to the inside of the main pressure vessel by a certain amount, in the form of a plate, a band plate, or a rod.

In addition, one side of the main pressure vessel or a part of the outer walls of both sides are made of a material different from the body of the main pressure vessel and excellent in thermal conductivity, and one side is directly connected to the liquid or gaseous heating medium, And the other side of the main pressure vessel is provided with a heat conduction wall which is in direct contact with the cryogenic liquid nitrogen accommodated inside the main pressure vessel, and the heat conduction wall is hermetically sealed to the body of the main pressure vessel by bolts and nuts.

In addition, a plurality of heat sinks and endothermic plates, which are in the form of a plate, a band plate, and a rod, are attached to the inside and outside of the heat conductive wall.

In addition, the heating medium supply means may include:

And a heating medium accommodating chamber accommodating all or a part of the main pressure vessel and having a heating medium accommodating chamber capable of accommodating a liquid or gaseous heating medium obtained from various external heat sources.

In addition, the heating medium supply means may include:

The main pressure vessel may have a plurality of bends to penetrate or penetrate the main pressure vessel in an integral straight pipe shape continuously and collectively to lengthen the path in the main pressure vessel, A hollow pipe or a pipe is installed in a path passing through the curved path of the pipe to return to a position adjacent to the original inlet and flows through a pipe or a vessel provided with liquid or gaseous heat mediums obtained from various external heat sources And one or more heat conduction tubes for transferring heat to the cryogenic liquid nitrogen in the main pressure vessel to increase the pressure inside the main pressure vessel.

The heat conduction pipe is further provided with heat dissipating plates in the form of a plate, a band plate, or a barrel, the outer circumferential surface being in direct contact with the liquid nitrogen in the main pressure vessel in a section located inside the main pressure vessel .

Further, the heating medium is characterized by being hot water obtained by solar heat.

The heating medium is characterized by being hot spring water or ground water obtained in a natural environment.

Further, the heating medium is obtained from waste heat or wastewater generated in various industrial facilities or commercial facilities.

The heat medium storage container may have a heat medium inlet port on one side and a heat medium discharge port on the other side.

Meanwhile, the power generation apparatus to which the pressure generating apparatus using the heat exchange between the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat mediums according to the present invention is applied,

A pressure generating device for generating a high pressure by using heat exchange between the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat mediums;

A turbine connected to a discharge port side of the main pressure vessel provided in the pressure generator to obtain rotational power from a discharge pressure of high-pressure nitrogen gas;

And a generator driven by the rotary shaft of the turbine to generate electric energy.

According to the pressure generating apparatus using the heat exchange between the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and the various heating mediums of the present invention, a heating medium accommodating vessel for accommodating a heating medium obtained from various external heat sources (heat sources) together with a pressure vessel accommodating liquid nitrogen is separately provided Mutual heat exchange between the heating medium and the liquid nitrogen is rapidly performed, the pressure in the pressure vessel is increased, and the air pressure is safely generated, so that the energy of the proper means such as the rotational driving force or the electric energy can be efficiently obtained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention, Shall not be construed as limiting.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a pressure generating device using heat exchange between cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heating mediums according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
Fig. 2 is a configuration diagram in a state in which a sub-pressure vessel according to a modification of Fig. 1 is added. Fig.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the main pressure vessel and the heating medium accommodating vessel of FIG. 1 are engaged. FIG.
Figure 4 is a modified perspective view of the main pressure vessel of Figure 3;
5 is a configuration diagram of a pressure generating device using heat exchange between cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heating mediums according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a modified configuration diagram of Fig. 5; Fig.
FIGS. 7 to 9 are diagrams showing the configuration of a pressure generating device showing various aspects according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
10A to 11B are diagrams showing the configuration of a pressure generating device showing various aspects according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The pressure generating device using heat exchange between the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat mediums according to the present invention may be configured as shown in FIG. 1 according to the first embodiment.

A main pressure vessel 10 for receiving cryogenic liquid nitrogen as shown in Fig. 1, and a main pressure vessel 10 for accommodating a liquid or gaseous heating medium obtained from various external heat sources, (20) as a heating medium supply means for transferring heat to the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and raising the internal pressure of the main pressure vessel (10), liquid nitrogen A liquid nitrogen supply opening and closing valve 32 connected to the liquid nitrogen supply pipe 30 for opening and closing the liquid nitrogen introduction passage and a liquid nitrogen supply opening and closing valve 32 connected to the main pressure vessel 10, And a high-pressure gas discharge opening / closing valve (42) connected to the high-pressure gas discharge pipe (40) for opening and closing the discharge of the high-pressure gas in the main pressure vessel (10) do.

As another form of the first embodiment, an auxiliary pressure vessel 50 connected to the main pressure vessel 10 and the high-pressure gas discharge pipe 40 through a pipeline to store high-pressure gas may be further installed . At this time, the intermediate valve 16 may further be installed in the pipeline 14 connecting the main pressure vessel 10 and the auxiliary pressure vessel 50.

The main pressure vessel 10 generates liquid nitrogen which is consumed in the process of power generation by generating compressed air pressure energy due to an increase in pressure instead of vaporization or vaporization of the cryogenic liquid nitrogen inside the liquid nitrogen supply pipe 30 ).

The main pressure vessel 10 accommodating the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and the auxiliary pressure vessel 50 dividing and sharing the pressure generated in the main pressure vessel 10 are each made of a steel or stainless steel having a sturdy structure capable of sufficiently holding a high pressure, Special alloy steel or the like, and the thickness thereof is also considered to have a sufficient strength of the container. The outer shape of the main pressure vessel 10 and the auxiliary pressure vessel 50 is preferably an elongated circular shape which is a typical shape of a pressure tank which is most resistant to internal pressure.

The heating medium accommodating container 20 has a heating medium accommodating chamber 201 accommodating all or a part of the main pressure vessel 10 and capable of accommodating therein a liquid or gaseous heating medium obtained from various external heat sources .

It is preferable that the heating medium accommodating container 20 is made of a material having excellent thermal insulation and heat insulation property so as to minimize the heat loss due to the difference in temperature from the outside. The heating medium accommodating container 20 is made of a sturdy structure which can sufficiently withstand the various heating mediums accommodated therein. It is preferable that the heating mediums have a heating medium inlet 20a at one side and a heating medium outlet 20b at the other side in the heating medium accommodating container 20 for arbitrarily introducing and discharging the heating medium such as hot water and air. On / off valves may be provided on the heating medium inlet 20a and the heating medium outlet 20b, respectively.

Here, the heating medium has a temperature of room temperature or higher and can be hot water acquired by solar heat. The heating medium may also be hot spring water or ground water obtained in a natural environment. The heating medium may also be obtained from waste heat or waste water generated from various industrial or commercial facilities.

As described above, in the first embodiment, the main pressure vessel 10 in which the liquid nitrogen is contained therein is installed to be accommodated in the heat medium accommodating vessel 20 again. Thus, heat exchange in which the heat energy of the heating medium in the heating medium accommodating vessel 20 is transmitted to the liquid nitrogen in the main pressure vessel 10 is performed. The temperature and pressure of the liquid nitrogen in the main pressure vessel 10 are increased by the heat exchange action, and the high-pressure gas pressure is discharged through the high-pressure gas discharge pipe 40. The discharged gas pressure acquires electrical energy through the turbine 44 connected to the discharge port side of the high-pressure gas discharge pipe 40 and the generator 46. The generator 46 is connected to the rotating shaft 44a of the turbine 44. [

The turbine 44 is constituted by a turbine housing and a turbine wheel, for example, as means for obtaining rotational power from air pressure or gas pressure, but is not limited to a specific shape, structure or manner, and may be selected considering energy efficiency. Although the turbine 44 and the generator 46 are separated from each other in this embodiment, they may be integrally manufactured. The generator 46 may be an ac or dc generator.

2, when liquid nitrogen is to be replenished to the main pressure vessel 10, the intermediate valve 16 connecting the main pressure vessel 10 and the auxiliary pressure vessel 50 is first closed and the main pressure vessel 10 ) And the auxiliary pressure vessel (50). Thereafter, the liquid nitrogen supply opening / closing valve 32 in the liquid nitrogen supply pipe 30 of the main pressure vessel 10 is opened little by little, and the pressure remaining in the main pressure vessel 10 is gradually lowered safely, Supplement. When the replenishment is completed, the intermediate valve 16 interrupting the flow of the pressure between the main pressure vessel 10 and the auxiliary pressure vessel 50 after the liquid nitrogen supply opening / closing valve 32 is completely closed is gradually opened So that the flow of pressure between the main pressure vessel 10 and the auxiliary pressure vessel 50 can be safely restarted.

Pressure compressed in the main pressure vessel 10 and the auxiliary pressure vessel 50 obtained through the above-described process of the present invention is supplied through the high-pressure gas discharge pipe 40 to the generator / (46) to acquire electric power. At this time, the discharged gas is naturally gaseous nitrogen and is radiated into the atmosphere. At this time, the rotational speed of the turbine 44 can be adjusted by adjusting the opening amount of the high-pressure gas discharge opening / closing valve 42.

On the other hand, on the inner and outer surfaces of the main pressure vessel 10, a heat sink 101 and a heat absorbing plate 102 each having a plate shape or a ring shape as shown in FIG. The heat absorbing plate 102 may contact the heating medium to absorb heat, and the heat radiating plate 101 may contact the liquid nitrogen to release heat, thereby improving the heat transfer performance.

As a form of the second embodiment, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, a heat conductor 12 is further provided for further increasing the heat exchange between the heat mediums obtained from the various external heat sources and the liquid nitrogen. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a plurality of heat conductors 12 are installed through the inside and outside of the outer wall of the main pressure vessel 10. One side of the heat conductor 12 inside the main pressure vessel 10 is in direct contact with the cryogenic liquid nitrogen accommodated in the inside of the main pressure vessel 10 and the heat conductor 12 Is brought into direct contact with the heating medium to raise the pressure inside the main pressure vessel 10 by heat exchange.

The heat conductor 12 is made of aluminum, copper, graphite or the like having a very high thermal conductivity, and may be formed into various shapes such as long bars or rods, or plate shapes or rod and plate shapes, The portion directly contacting the liquid nitrogen in the inside of the main pressure vessel 10 and the portion directly contacting the external heating medium in the inside of the main pressure vessel 10 can be more effectively exchanged by various forms in which the surface area is maximized, It is preferable that the portion that penetrates the light guide plate is a simple circular shape or the like. At this time, a portion of the heat conductor 12 that passes through the outer wall of the main pressure vessel 10 is filled with a separate plate made of the same material as the outer wall of the main pressure vessel 10, Allow it to stand safely.

The heat conductor 12 has a large plate-shaped heat conductive plate 121 contacting the surface of the main pressure vessel 10, a plurality of small heat absorbing plates 122 provided on the outer surface of the thermally conductive plate 121, A heat conduction protrusion 123 protruding from the thermally conductive plate 121 to the inside of the main pressure vessel 10 by a predetermined amount and a heat sink 124 provided on the surface of the heat conduction protrusion 123. At this time, the heat conduction plate 121 and the heat absorbing plate 122 are accommodated in the heat medium accommodating container 20, and the heat radiating plate 123 is attached to the heat conduction protrusion 123 protruding a certain amount into the main pressure vessel 10, It is contained in nitrogen. The heat absorbing plate 122 and the heat radiating plate 123 may have any one of a plate shape, a band plate shape, and a bar shape.

The wide plate-shaped thermally conductive plate 13, which is in contact with the outer surface of the portion accommodated in the heat-storage container 20 above, is integrally formed with the end of each of the thermally conductive protrusions 123 exposed through the outer wall of the main pressure vessel 10 Respectively.

7, 8 and 9, the main body of the main pressure vessel 10 may be provided with the thermally conductive wall 11 in the forms of the third embodiment. The heat conduction wall 11 is provided on one side of the main pressure vessel 10 or on a part of the outer wall on both sides. The heat conduction wall 11 is made of a material different from the body of the main pressure vessel 10 and having excellent thermal conductivity. The heat conduction wall 11 is in direct contact with the liquid or the gaseous heat medium obtained from various external heat sources and the other side is in direct contact with the cryogenic liquid nitrogen accommodated inside the main pressure vessel 10. [ The heat conductive wall 11 is joined to the body of the main pressure vessel 10 by fastening the bolt and the nut. At this time, a gasket for airtightness may be additionally provided at a portion where the heat conduction wall 11 and the main pressure vessel 10 are in contact with each other.

A plurality of heat sinks 111 and heat absorbing plates 112 may be further attached to the heat conductive wall 11 in the form of a plate, a band, or a bar. The heat conduction wall 11 may be made of aluminum, copper or graphite, which has a very high thermal conductivity, but it is preferably made of an alloy containing copper or copper that can safely withstand the high pressure in the main pressure vessel 10 Do. At this time, it is preferable that the materials of the alloy including copper or copper have excellent thermal conductivity, but the thickness thereof is sufficiently large in consideration of the relatively low strength to withstand high pressure.

As another embodiment of the fourth embodiment, the heating medium supply means may be constituted by one or more heat conduction tubes 21 as shown in Figs. 10A to 11B. 10A and 10B, the heat conduction pipe 21 may be installed so as to penetrate the inside of the main pressure vessel 10 in a straight pipe shape. The heat conduction pipe 21 may be installed in the form of a return pipe positioned inside the main pressure vessel 10 for a certain period as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B.

Therefore, the heat conduction pipe 21 allows the heat medium, which is obtained from various external heat sources, to flow through the heat medium held by the heat medium, into the cryogenic liquid nitrogen in the main pressure vessel 10, Thereby increasing the pressure of the gas.

In order to enhance heat exchange performance, the heat conduction pipe 21 is further provided with a heat dissipating plate 211 having a shape of a plate shape, a band plate shape, or a rod shape as an outer circumferential surface in an area accommodated in the main pressure vessel 10 .

Assuming that the liquid nitrogen in the main pressure vessel 10 rises from -196 ° C to 0 ° C in accordance with the present invention, the internal pressure of the main pressure vessel 10 and the auxiliary pressure vessel 50 at that time, P = 646atm = 667kg / cm < 2 > At this time, assuming that the high-pressure gas discharge opening / closing valve 42 connected to the high-pressure gas discharge pipe 40 is arbitrarily adjusted so as to discharge 1 L (liter) of liquid nitrogen into the gas state for 1 hour, Nitrogen gas expanded at a volume of 800 times is discharged, but since the internal pressure of the main pressure vessel is calculated in the liquid state, the discharge amount for one hour is converted into the liquid state consistently.

The power W (watts) = pressure x discharge amount obtained from the above assumption, where W is a value according to the time unit of the discharge amount.

In order to convert the above power, it is necessary to change the pressure unit to N (Newton unit) / m 2, so 667 kg / cm 2 = 667 x 9.8 x 10000 = 65,366,000 N / m 2.

If 1 L of liquid nitrogen is discharged in the gaseous state for 1 hour, the liquid discharge amount per 1 second becomes 0.001 / 3600 = 2.7 × 10 -7 m³ / sec (here, 1 liter = 0.001 m³) The power per second becomes W = 65,366,000 x 2.7 x 10 -7 = 18.156w, and if the power is converted again by the power for one hour, 18.156 x 3600 = 65,364wh = about 65 kwh.

If it is assumed that the liquid nitrogen remaining in the main pressure vessel 10 is always at least about 50 L (liters), the high-pressure gas discharge opening / closing valve 42 may be arbitrarily adjusted to continuously discharge the air pressure of the nitrogen gas, The pressure in the main pressure vessel 10 can always be maintained at the above value due to the increase in pressure by continuous heat exchange by the apparatus of the present invention.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. will be. The invention is not limited by these variations and modifications, but is limited only by the claims appended hereto.

10: Main pressure vessel
11: Heat conduction wall
12: thermoconductor
121: Thermal conduction valve
122: endothermic plate
123: heat conduction protrusion
124: heat sink
14: Channel
16: intermediate valve
20:
20a: heat medium inlet
20b: heat medium outlet
21: Heat conduction tube
30: liquid nitrogen supply pipe
32: liquid nitrogen introduction opening / closing valve
40: High-pressure gas discharge pipe
42: High-pressure gas discharge opening / closing valve
44: Turbine
46: generator
50: auxiliary pressure vessel
101, 111, 123, 211:
102, 112, 122:

Claims (19)

A main pressure vessel 10 for accommodating the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and a heat transfer member for receiving heat or gaseous heat medium from the external heat sources and transferring the thermal energy possessed by the heat medium to the cryogenic liquid nitrogen in the main pressure vessel 10 Wherein a high-pressure liquid nitrogen and a low-temperature liquid nitrogen are generated in the main pressure vessel (10) containing liquid nitrogen by mutual heat exchange between the ultra-low temperature liquid nitrogen and the heating medium in the heating medium supply means Pressure generating device using heat exchange between various heat mediums. The method according to claim 1,
A liquid nitrogen supply pipe (30) connected to inject liquid nitrogen into the main pressure vessel (10);
A liquid nitrogen supply opening / closing valve (32) connected to the liquid nitrogen supply pipe (30) for opening / closing the liquid nitrogen introduction passage;
A high pressure gas discharge pipe (40) connected to the main pressure vessel (10) and discharging high pressure gas generated by vaporization from cryogenic liquid nitrogen;
And a high-pressure gas discharge opening / closing valve (42) connected to the high-pressure gas discharge pipe (40) for opening / closing the high-pressure gas in the main pressure vessel (10) . The method according to claim 1,
And a supplementary pressure vessel (50) for storing the high-pressure gas is further provided between the main pressure vessel (10) and the high-pressure gas discharge pipe (40), and heat exchange between the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat- Pressure generating device used. The method of claim 3,
Characterized in that an intermediate valve (16) is further provided in a conduit (14) connecting the main pressure vessel (10) and the auxiliary pressure vessel (50) Device. The method according to claim 1,
A heat radiating plate 101 and a heat absorbing plate 102 are further attached to the inner and outer surfaces of the main pressure vessel 10 in the form of a plate, a band plate, a rod, a pin or a ring. A pressure generating device using heat exchange between cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat mediums. The method according to claim 1,
A plurality of heat conductors 12 penetrating the inside and outside of the outer wall of the main pressure vessel 10 are provided and one side portion of the heat conductor 12 inside the main pressure vessel 10 is connected to the inside of the pressure vessel 10 And the other part of the heat conductor 12 outside the main pressure vessel 10 is in direct contact with the heating medium obtained from various external heat sources and is heated by heat exchange with the inside of the main pressure vessel 10 Pressure liquid nitrogen and heat exchange between the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat mediums. The method according to claim 6,
The thermoconductor 12 includes a thermally conductive plate 121 having a large plate contact with the surface of the main pressure vessel 10 and a thermally conductive protrusion 123 protruding from the thermally conductive plate 121 to the inside of the main pressure vessel 10 And a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat mediums. 8. The method of claim 7,
A plurality of small endothermic plates 122 in the form of a plate, a band plate, or a bar size are attached to the outer surface of the thermally conductive plate 121, and the heat exchange between the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat- Pressure generating device used. The method according to claim 6,
Wherein a heat sink (124) in the form of a plate, a band plate, or a rod is attached to the surface of the portion protruding from the heat conduction protrusion (123) to the inside of the main pressure vessel (10) And a pressure generating device using heat exchange between various heat mediums. The method according to claim 1,
The main pressure vessel 10 is made of a material different from the main body of the main pressure vessel 10 and having excellent thermal conductivity on one side or a part of the outer walls of both sides of the main pressure vessel 10, And the other side thereof is in direct contact with the cryogenic liquid nitrogen accommodated inside the main pressure vessel 10. The thermally conductive wall 11 is fixed to the main pressure vessel 10 by bolts and nuts, Wherein the cryogenic liquid nitrogen is hermetically coupled to the body of the vessel (10). 11. The method of claim 10,
A plurality of heat sinks 111 and endothermic plates 112 in the form of a plate, a band plate, or a rod are attached to the inside and the outside of the heat conductive wall 11, and the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat carriers Pressure generating device using heat exchange between the two. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the heating medium supply means comprises:
A heating medium accommodating vessel (20) accommodating all or a part of the main pressure vessel (10) and having a heating medium accommodating chamber (201) capable of accommodating a liquid or gaseous heating medium obtained from various external heat sources, And a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat mediums. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the heating medium supply means comprises:
The main pressure vessel 10 may have a plurality of bends to penetrate or penetrate the main pressure vessel 10 in an integral straight pipe shape to continuously extend the inside of the main pressure vessel 10, A hollow pipe or tube is installed in the pressure vessel 10 through a plurality of curved paths so as to pass back to a position adjacent to the original inlet, and a liquid or gaseous state obtained from various external heat sources And the heat energy of the heat medium is transferred to the cryogenic liquid nitrogen in the main pressure vessel 10 to increase the pressure inside the main pressure vessel 10 21. The pressure generating device according to claim 21, wherein the cryogenic liquid nitrogen is heat exchanged between the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat mediums. 14. The method of claim 13,
In the heat conduction pipe 21, an outer circumferential surface which is in direct contact with the liquid nitrogen in the main pressure vessel 10 in a section located inside the main pressure vessel 10 is formed into a plate shape, a band plate shape, And a plurality of heat dissipation plates (211) are further attached to the plurality of heat dissipation plates. The method according to claim 1,
Characterized in that the heating medium is hot water obtained by solar heat, and the pressure generating device using heat exchange between the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heating mediums. The method according to claim 1,
Characterized in that the heating medium is hot spring water or ground water obtained in a natural environment, and a pressure generating device using heat exchange between cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heating mediums. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the heating medium is obtained from waste heat or wasted hot water generated in various industrial facilities or commercial facilities and is discharged from the cryogenic liquid nitrogen and various heat mediums. 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the heating medium accommodating vessel (20) has a heating medium inlet (20a) at one side and a heating medium outlet (20b) at the other side, wherein the cryogenic liquid nitrogen is heat exchanged between various heating mediums. A pressure generating apparatus comprising: the pressure generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 18;
A turbine (44) connected to a discharge port side of the main pressure vessel (10) provided in the pressure generating device and obtaining rotational power from discharge pressure of high pressure nitrogen gas;
And a generator (46) driven by a rotation axis of the turbine (44) to generate electric energy. The power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressure generator is a heat exchanger.
KR1020150080092A 2015-06-05 2015-06-05 Pressure generating device using heat exchange of ultralow temperature liquid nitrogen and thermal media of all sorts and power generating apparatus using thereof KR20160143408A (en)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR19980018292A (en) 1996-08-02 1998-06-05 스나이더 버나드 Gas Turbine, Its Operation Method and Power Generation System

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR19980018292A (en) 1996-08-02 1998-06-05 스나이더 버나드 Gas Turbine, Its Operation Method and Power Generation System

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