KR20160068037A - Reservoir in underground for the storage of highly pressured fluid and CAES system using the same - Google Patents
Reservoir in underground for the storage of highly pressured fluid and CAES system using the same Download PDFInfo
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- KR20160068037A KR20160068037A KR1020140172805A KR20140172805A KR20160068037A KR 20160068037 A KR20160068037 A KR 20160068037A KR 1020140172805 A KR1020140172805 A KR 1020140172805A KR 20140172805 A KR20140172805 A KR 20140172805A KR 20160068037 A KR20160068037 A KR 20160068037A
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- pressure fluid
- back fill
- fill layer
- fluid reservoir
- wall
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title description 18
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 51
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/76—Large containers for use underground
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a high-pressure fluid reservoir for storing a high-pressure gas in a deep part of an underground. A high-pressure fluid reservoir according to the present invention comprises: a tank main body embedded in a cavern formed by digging a ground downward to store a high-pressure fluid, the reservoir main body being formed of a hermetically sealed material and containing therein a high- A back fill layer formed by curing the back fill material to be filled between the main body and the inner wall of the cavern, a plug for closing the covane, and a back fill layer between the inner wall of the rock bed and the back fill layer And a grouting layer interposed between the inner wall of the rock bed and the back fill layer.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an energy storage system, and more particularly, to a compressed air energy storage (CAES) system that compresses and stores air at a high pressure and supplies compressed air to a power source, To a structure of a high pressure gas reservoir formed in the ground.
In the case of base power generation such as thermal power or nuclear power generation, a certain amount of electric energy is generated when the power is once generated, and this amount can not be controlled. Therefore, there is a problem that power generation does not solve all of the electric power demand at the electricity consumption peak time during the daytime. On the other hand, during the late night hours, a considerable amount of the developed electric power should be discarded because the generation exceeds the demand. In order to overcome this difference in power generation and usage, it is necessary to store the idle electricity at midnight and compensate for insufficient power supply during the peak time of the week.
As a means of energy storage, CAES and secondary batteries are emerging as the key words of national energy strategy. Currently, CAES is expected to be used for large-capacity energy storage, and secondary batteries for small and medium-capacity energy storage. CAES compresses and stores air at high pressure using electricity generated by renewable generation means such as thermal power generation or nuclear power generation, or by means of renewable generation means such as wind power generation, and then compresses the compressed air to power generation means such as turbines and pistons And then converted into electricity and supplied.
Energy storage has a high correlation with the quality of electricity supply besides the disparity of electricity demand and supply. For example, wind power generation can not produce high quality electricity because the wind time or wind intensity is not constant. In addition, when suddenly large amounts of electricity are produced suddenly through wind power generation, problems such as the disturbance of the frequency of the power system are caused. In terms of solving these problems, energy storage is becoming an important concept.
In other words, CAES has a strategic meaning in future energy supply policy as it functions to increase elasticity of energy supply in connection with base power generation and renewable energy generation.
The CAES power plants currently in operation are the Huntorf power plant in Germany and McIntosh power plant in the United States, which utilize underground rock salt dissolved caves as a compressed air storage space. However, in order to overcome limitations of the intellectual conditions, the CAES storage tank is expected to develop in the direction of underground construction.
One of the most important points in the commercialization of CAES is that it guarantees the maximum economical efficiency in order to ensure the safety of the underground compressed air storage tank. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the shape of the underground storage tank to secure the safety and economical efficiency in the structural aspect of the underground compressed air storage tank.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-pressure fluid storage tank having improved stability by increasing compressive strength of a back fill layer and a CAES system using the same.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high-pressure fluid reservoir, which is embedded in a cavern formed by digging a ground downward to store a high-pressure fluid, includes a hermetically sealed material, A tank body formed; A back fill layer formed by curing a back fill material filled between the tank main body and the inner wall of the cabin; A plug for closing the covane; And a grouting layer interposed between the inner wall of the rock and the back fill layer by curing the grouting liquid injected between the inner wall and the back fill layer by applying pressure to the back fill layer after the back fill layer is cured, And the like.
According to the present invention, there is further provided a grouting solution injection pipe interposed between an inner wall of the rock bed and a back fill layer for injecting the grouting solution, wherein a plurality of discharge holes are formed. The grouting solution injection pipe may further include a discharge pipe installed between the inner wall of the rock bed and the back fill layer so that the grouting solution discharged from the grouting solution injection pipe can be discharged to the outside of the cavern.
In particular, the grouting solution injection pipes may be arranged in the vertical direction so that a plurality of the grouting solution injection pipes are arranged along the inner wall of the cabin, or may be spirally arranged from the top to the bottom along the inner wall surface of the cabin.
Meanwhile, the energy for compressing air in the CAES system according to the present invention can be linked to a conventional power generation source such as thermal power generation, but can also be connected to a power generation source such as wind power generation or solar power generation.
Also, in the CAES system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the compression of air may be performed by using a turbine for generating a multi-stage compressor, but may also be performed by using a piston system such as a large-scale ship engine.
The high pressure fluid reservoir according to the present invention introduces a compressive force to the backing layer by injecting the grouting solution at a high pressure between the backing layer and the inner wall of the rock to introduce the prestress into the backing layer to improve the stability of the backing layer have.
1 is a sectional view for explaining basic elements of a high-pressure fluid reservoir according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a tank body and a reinforcement portion in the high-pressure fluid reservoir shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a high-pressure fluid reservoir with a grouting solution injection tube installed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line aa of FIG. 3;
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a state in which the grouting liquid is injected between the rock and back filler layers and a pressure acting on the high-pressure fluid reservoir;
6 is a view for explaining the shear force acting on the upper portion of the high-pressure fluid reservoir.
7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a high-pressure fluid reservoir with an intensifier in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the upper portion of the plug in Fig. 7 for explaining the arrangement of the strength reinforcement in Fig. 7;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of key features of a high-pressure fluid reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line aa in Fig. 9 and the line bb in Fig.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of key features of a high-pressure fluid reservoir according to another embodiment shown in FIG. 9; FIG.
12 is a cross-sectional view of the tank body for explaining the pressure action inside the tank body.
13 is a view for explaining the initial stress state of the underground rock mass.
Figs. 14 and 15 are graphs showing the results of measuring the initial stresses of the rocks through hydraulic fracturing by selecting 710 test zones for 140 individual boreholes at a depth of 15 to 310 m in 45 regions of Korea.
16 is a cross-sectional view of a high-pressure fluid reservoir according to the present invention showing the interaction between air pressure and the initial stress of the rock mass.
17 and 18 are graphs showing the relationship between the maximum lateral pressure coefficient K H and the average lateral pressure coefficient K avg , which are the ratio of the horizontal stress to the vertical stress, FIG.
The present invention relates to a high pressure fluid reservoir and a CAES system using the same.
In the present invention, the term 'high-pressure fluid' refers to compressed air at a pressure of at least 50 bar for CAES operation. However, it does not exclude any kind of fluid that can be compressed by applying pressure such as natural gas, It is not limited to more than 50 bar, but extends to a concept that includes high pressure to such an extent that safety considerations are required even if the pressure is less than 50 bar. Accordingly, the high-pressure fluid reservoir according to the present invention can be used as a fluid reservoir for various purposes such as an air compression reservoir for CAES power generation, as well as a gas reservoir for storing energy fuel.
Hereinafter, a high-pressure fluid reservoir according to the present invention and a CAES system having the same will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description with reference to the drawings, the same or corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a duplicate description thereof will be omitted.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining basic elements of a high-pressure fluid reservoir according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a tank main body and a reinforcement part in the high-pressure fluid reservoir shown in FIG.
1 and 2, a high-
The
In this embodiment, the
On the other hand, backfill material is filled between the tank
The
On the other hand, when there is a possibility of rockfall or ground collapse in the process of rock excavation, the inner wall of the rock mass g may form a
A
In addition, the temperature of the fluid stored in the
The
A
On the other hand, a
The basic structure of the high-
The first structure is to increase the strength against the internal pressure of the high pressure gas, and the second structure is to increase the shear strength of the ground above the high pressure fluid reservoir. And the third structure is to improve the stability and economical efficiency of the fluid reservoir by changing the thickness of the
First, the first structure will be described.
The first structure we developed is to increase the strength of the gas against internal pressure. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which a grouting solution injection tube is installed to reinforce the strength against the internal pressure of the gas, and Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line a-a in Fig.
3 and 4, in the high-
The
As described above, when the grouting solution is injected at a high pressure between the
Although only the grouting
Although a plurality of grouting
The second structure adopted in the present invention is to improve the shear strength of the upper ground of the high-pressure fluid storage tank. Will be described with reference to Figs. 6 to 8. Fig. FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the shear force acting on the upper portion of the high-pressure fluid reservoir, FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the high-pressure fluid reservoir, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the upper portion of the plug. Referring to the drawing, the gas pressure inside the
When the shear failure occurs, the pressure of the upward gas acts only by the weight of the upper part of the plug. Therefore, in order to strengthen the shear strength of the rock, the present invention has developed a structure in which the X region and the Y region are integrated with each other in anticipation of the shear failure plane.
That is, as shown in FIG. 7, which is a vertical cross-sectional view of the high-pressure
After inserting the
As described above, when the
The third structure adopted in the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11, with reference to the thickness variation of the
1 and 2 show that the thickness of the back fill layer is constant in order to explain the basic structure and action of the high pressure fluid reservoir. However, a key feature of the present invention is that the thickness of the back fill layer gradually increases .
FIG. 9 and FIG. 11 illustrate key features of the high-
9, the tank
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line a-a in FIG. 9 and the line b-b in cross section taken along the line b-b in FIG. 9. The difference in diameter between the
On the other hand, referring to FIG. 11, contrary to the case of FIG. 9, the tank
As described above, the reason why the thickness of the
12 is a cross-sectional view of the tank main body for explaining the pressure action of the air contained in the tank main body. 12, the air pressure in the
Up to now, only the inner pressure conditions acting from the gas inside the tank body have been described. The second consideration in designing the thickness of the back fill layer is the outer pressure condition. If the high-pressure fluid reservoir is installed on the ground, all the external pressure conditions are constant at the atmospheric pressure. However, if the high pressure fluid reservoir is installed on the ground, as in the present invention, the external pressure condition varies depending on the depth. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the interaction between the external pressure and the internal pressure.
13 is a view for explaining the initial stress state of the underground rock mass. 13, the initial stress of the underground rock is calculated from the normal stress (S V ) in the vertical direction, the smallest minimum horizontal stress (S h ) in the horizontal direction acting on the four sides, and the minimum horizontal stress S h ) and the maximum horizontal stress (S H ) acting at a 90 ° angle.
In the graphs of FIGS. 14 and 15, 710 test sections were selected from 140 individual boreholes at a depth of 15 to 310 m in 45 regions of Korea, and the initial stresses of the rocks were measured by hydraulic fracturing.
14 and 15, the maximum horizontal stress (S H ) and the minimum horizontal stress (S h ) are 0.90 to 21.13 MPa and 0.65 to 11.51 MPa, respectively. As the depth increases, the horizontal stress of the rock increases. The vertical stress corresponds to the weight at the upper part of the measuring point, so the deeper the depth, the greater the stress.
A subject of interest in the present invention is a change in horizontal stress. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a high-pressure fluid reservoir according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 16, the maximum horizontal stress (S H ) and the minimum horizontal stress (S h ) are shown in the rock mass. Internal pressure (Pi) of the gas is constant, because it is all the same tension (σ θ) to be applied to each point of the
Therefore, when designing the
However, in the case where the tank body is buried in the vertical direction by excavating the ground in a vertical direction, it is general to design the structure in which the cave is drilled to the same diameter from the upper part to the lower part and the tank body is formed into a cylindrical shape having the same diameter. And the thickness of the concrete is designed based on the region where the horizontal stress is weakest, that is, near the surface. That is, considering the stability, the thickness of the backsheet layer is set based on the point closest to the surface, and the thickness of the backsheet layer is uniformly formed to the bottom.
However, in the present invention, unlike the conventional design practice, a method of improving economical efficiency by changing the thickness of the back fill layer and increasing the storage volume of the gas with stability is selected. That is, as the depth increases, the horizontal stress increases. Therefore, even if the thickness of the back layer is reduced, the stability can be ensured. Therefore, by increasing the thickness of the back layer, the storage volume of the gas is increased. It is possible to increase the volume at which the gas can be stored in the entire space for forming the high-pressure fluid reservoir as much as possible, thereby increasing the efficiency of space use and improving the economical efficiency in terms of cost.
It is preferable that the thickness of the
On the other hand, the standard of the thickness variation of the back fill layer may be based on the lateral pressure coefficient K.
The lateral pressure coefficient (K) is the ratio of the horizontal stress to the normal stress. For example, define the maximum lateral pressure coefficient K H = S H / S V for the maximum horizontal stress and the minimum lateral pressure coefficient K h = S h / S V for the minimum horizontal stress. Alternatively, the average lateral pressure coefficient K avg = (K H + K h ) / 2 may be expressed by combining K H and K h . 17 and 18 are graphs showing the relationship between the maximum lateral pressure (K H ) and the average lateral pressure (K), which are the ratio of the horizontal stress to the vertical stress, avg ) distribution. The mean lateral pressure coefficient (K avg ) ranges from about 0.52 to 4.91 and the maximum lateral pressure coefficient (K H ) ranges from 0.83 to 5.63. As the depth increases, the rate of change of the vertical stress and the horizontal stress becomes almost constant, and the value of the lateral pressure coefficient converges. However, there are areas where an excessive horizontal stress field is formed in which the horizontal stress is relatively large with a lateral pressure coefficient of 2.5 or more even at a depth of 100 m from the surface or a depth of 200 m depending on the region. In another embodiment of the present invention, the rate of change of thickness of the back fill layer can be set in conjunction with the rate of change of the lateral pressure coefficient according to the depth.
As described above, in the present invention, the thickness of the backsheet layer is reduced as the depth of the backsheet is deeper, thereby ensuring stability and maximizing the volume at which the gas can be stored, thereby improving stability and economy.
In addition, according to the present invention, there is an advantage that the shear strength of the rock is improved by providing an intensifying member such as an anchor or a rock bolt to the rock over the plug.
Further, in the present invention, grouting solution is injected between the back fill layer and the rock at a high pressure to give a prestress to the back layer, thereby further improving the strength of the back layer.
Meanwhile, the power generation system according to the present invention is connected to the pipe (p) of the high-pressure
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to increase the utilization of CAES by providing a practical technique for installing a high-pressure fluid reservoir having a diameter of several meters or more and a height of several tens of meters or more in the deep part of the underground, . Furthermore, the present invention is expected to promote the commercialization of CAES as a part of future energy policy by suggesting a method for constructing a high-pressure fluid reservoir economically.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation and that those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications and equivalent arrangements may be made therein. It will be possible. Accordingly, the true scope of protection of the present invention should be determined only by the appended claims.
100 ... high pressure fluid reservoir, 10 ... tank body, 11 ... lower segment
12 ... trunk segment, 13 ... upper segment, 14 ... space
20 ... pedestal, 30 ... stiffener, 31,32 ... reinforced
40 ... Complementary layer, 50 ... Backfill layer, 60 ... Membrane
70, 71, 72 ... connecting member, 80 ... strength stiffener
81 ... waterproof film, 82 ... rustproof film, 83 ... insulating film,
85 ... injection tube, 86 ... exhaust hole, 89 ... grouting layer
90 ... plug, 91 ... body portion, 92 ... reinforced portion
g ... ground, c ... cavern, p ... pipe, f1, f2 ... crack
Claims (11)
A back fill layer formed by curing a back fill material filled between the tank main body and the inner wall of the cabin;
A plug for closing the covane; And
And a grouting layer interposed between the inner wall of the rock and the back fill layer by applying pressure to the back fill layer so as to apply a compressive force to the back fill layer to harden the grouting liquid injected between the inner wall and the back fill layer, Pressure fluid reservoir.
Further comprising a grouting solution injection pipe interposed between the inner wall of the rock bed and the back fill layer so as to inject the grouting solution and has a plurality of discharge holes formed therein.
Further comprising a discharge pipe installed between the inner wall of the rock plate and the back fill layer so that the grouting liquid discharged from the grouting liquid injection pipe can be discharged to the outside of the cavern.
And a plurality of grouting solution injection pipes are disposed along the inner wall of the cabin.
Wherein the grouting solution injection tube is formed in a spiral shape and is installed along the inner wall surface of the cabin.
Further comprising a reinforcing portion formed in an annular shape along the inner wall surface of the cabin on the upper side of the plug and coupled to the inner wall surface of the cabin.
Wherein the reinforcing portion and the plug are integrally formed by filling the filler together.
Wherein the tank body is formed by stacking a plurality of segments.
Wherein the segment forming the tank body comprises:
A lower segment having an upper surface opened to form a lower end portion of the tank main body, a ring-shaped body segment sequentially stacked on the lower segment, and an upper end portion of the tank main body stacked on the body segment, And an upper segment that is open.
Wherein the high-pressure fluid reservoir is the high-pressure fluid reservoir according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
And a new and renewable energy is used as an energy source for compressing air in the high-pressure fluid reservoir.
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KR1020140172805A KR20160068037A (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2014-12-04 | Reservoir in underground for the storage of highly pressured fluid and CAES system using the same |
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KR1020140172805A KR20160068037A (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2014-12-04 | Reservoir in underground for the storage of highly pressured fluid and CAES system using the same |
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KR1020160135583A Division KR101993419B1 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2016-10-19 | Reservoir in underground for the storage of highly pressured fluid and CAES system using the same |
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