KR20150087694A - Battery charging apparatus using ultra capacitor - Google Patents

Battery charging apparatus using ultra capacitor Download PDF

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KR20150087694A
KR20150087694A KR1020140007921A KR20140007921A KR20150087694A KR 20150087694 A KR20150087694 A KR 20150087694A KR 1020140007921 A KR1020140007921 A KR 1020140007921A KR 20140007921 A KR20140007921 A KR 20140007921A KR 20150087694 A KR20150087694 A KR 20150087694A
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charging
battery
voltage
parallel
rapid
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KR1020140007921A
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Korean (ko)
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장병길
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주식회사 볼타
장병길
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/55—Capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/12—Induction machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/16—DC brushless machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/30—Sensors
    • B60Y2400/308—Electric sensors
    • B60Y2400/3086—Electric voltages sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a battery charging apparatus using an ultra capacitor. It performs quick charge, extends the lifespan of a battery, maximizes the lifespan of the battery, uses a current control method for preventing deterioration, charges ultra capacitors at the same time, minimizes duration time in an energy station by successive discharge, and maximize the capacity of voltage increase in a voltage increasing prat by using an intermediate tap method. A battery charging apparatus using an ultra capacitor according to the present invention, includes a quick charge switch part for quick charge; an ultra capacitor which is connected in parallel to the quick charge switch part; a slow charge switch part which is connected in parallel to the ultra capacitor; and a slow charge part which is connected in parallel to the slow charge switch part.

Description

울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치{BATTERY CHARGING APPARATUS USING ULTRA CAPACITOR}BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a battery charger using an ultracapacitor,

본 발명은 배터리 충전 장치에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용하여 배터리를 충전하는 장치에 관한 것이다.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a battery charging apparatus, and more particularly, to an apparatus for charging a battery using an ultracapacitor.

화석연료의 고갈에 따라 배터리를 이용한 전기자동차가 개발되고 본격적으로 상용화되고 있다. 그러나, 화석연료(휘발유, 경유 등)를 이용하는 일반 차량과 달리 전기자동차는 배터리를 충전시키는 데에 소요되는 시간이 많이 걸린다는 문제점이 있다.Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, electric vehicles using batteries have been developed and commercialized in earnest. However, unlike a general vehicle using fossil fuel (gasoline, light oil, etc.), there is a problem that it takes a lot of time to charge the electric vehicle.

즉, 배터리를 일반 충전 방식의 경우 4~10시간이 소요되고, 급속 충전 방식의 경우에도 적어도 30분 이상이 소요된다. 특히, 배터리를 급속충전하게 되면 배터리의 화학적 특성상 그 수명이 급격하게 단축된다. 이는 전동식 지게차용 충전기에도 동일하게 적용되는 바, 전동식 지게차용 충전기는, 일반적으로 일반 충전과 급속 충전 방식을 동시에 가지고 있다. 여기서, 상기 일반 충전 방식은, 배터리의 충전되는 전압이 임의의 전압에 도달할 때까지 일정한 전류를 충전하는 정전류 충전모드, 배터리의 충전되는 전류가 임의의 전류로 작아질 때까지 일정한 전압을 충전하는 정전압 충전모드 및 소 전류로 일정시간 충전하는 균등 충전모드를 포함한다. 또한, 급속 충전 방식은, 임의로 설정된 충전 시간 이내에서 일정한 전류(대전류)가 배터리에 충전되는 대전류 충전모드를 포함한다.That is, the battery requires 4 to 10 hours for the conventional charging method, and at least 30 minutes for the rapid charging method. Particularly, when the battery is rapidly charged, the life of the battery is shortened due to the chemical characteristics of the battery. This is also applicable to an electric forklift charger, and the electric forklift charger generally has both a normal charging and a rapid charging mode. Here, the normal charging mode is a constant current charging mode in which a constant current is charged until a voltage charged in the battery reaches a certain voltage, a constant current charging mode in which a constant current is charged until a current to be charged in the battery is reduced to an arbitrary current A constant voltage charging mode, and an even charging mode in which the small current is charged for a predetermined time. Also, the rapid charging mode includes a large current charging mode in which a constant current (large current) is charged into the battery within a predetermined charging time.

상기와 같은 급속 충전의 경우 여러 가지 문제점이 발생될 수 있는데, 첫째로, 연속하여 급속 충전이 이루어지는 경우 배터리의 성능이 저하되고 수명이 단축되고, 둘째로, 배터리가 완전 충전된 상태에서 급속충전이 이루어지는 경우 배터리에 과전압이 발생되어 배터리가 파손되며, 셋째로, 완전 방전된 상태에서 급속충전이 이루어지는 경우 완전 충전이 안될 가능성이 높고, 넷째로, 급속 충전 완료 후 바로 급속 충전이 이루어지는 경우 배터리가 과열되어 파손된다.In the case of rapid charging as described above, various problems may occur. Firstly, when the rapid charging is continuously performed, the performance of the battery deteriorates and the life thereof is shortened. Secondly, when the battery is fully charged, The battery may be damaged due to an overvoltage generated in the battery. Thirdly, if the battery is rapidly discharged in a fully discharged state, there is a high possibility that the battery is not fully charged. Fourthly, if rapid charging is performed immediately after completion of rapid charging, And is destroyed.

한편, 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하고자 공개특허 2012-0072788호에 개시된 전동식 지게차용 충전기 충전방법에서는, 외부의 3상교류입력수단에 커넥터를 통해 연결되어 고-전압의 3상 교류 전원을 저-전압의 3상 교류 전원으로 1차 변환하는 트랜스포머와 교류전원을 직류전원으로 변환하는 3상 정류 다이오드를 포함하는 배터리충전장치; 배터리충전장치의 전원을 스위칭하여 배터리충전장치로부터 충전 전압과 전류를 공급받아 충전되는 배터리와 수퍼커패시터를 포함하는 충전기; 및 배터리충전장치로부터 충전기에 충전되는 전압과 전류를 제어하고 충전기에 충전된 전압과 전류를 지게차의 각종 전장부하의 전원으로 공급하기 위하여 전압을 변환시키는 DC/DC컨버터를 포함하는 제어장치를 포함하며, 급속 충전 방식 동작시 카운트를 통하여 연속된 급속 충전 횟수를 제한하는 제1단계; 배터리의 급속 충전 중 배터리의 충전 전압이 기준전압을 초과하면 일반 충전 방식으로 전환되는 제2단계; 및 배터리의 급속 충전 완료 후 완전 충전이 안된 경우 일반 충전방식으로 전환되는 제3단계를 포함하고, 카운트 값이 임의의 기준 횟수보다 작으면 대전류 충전모드가 진행되도록 하고, 카운트 값이 임의의 기준 횟수보다 크면 일반 충전 방식으로 진행되도록 한다. In order to solve such a problem, in a charging method for an electric forklift charger disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-0072788, a high-voltage three-phase AC power source is connected to an external three-phase AC input means through a connector, A battery charging device including a transformer for performing a primary conversion to a three-phase AC power source and a three-phase rectifying diode for converting an AC power source to a DC power source; A charger including a battery and a supercapacitor which are charged by switching a power source of the battery charger and supplying a charging voltage and a current from the battery charger; And a DC / DC converter for controlling the voltage and current charged in the charger from the battery charging device and for converting the voltage so as to supply the voltage and current charged in the charger to the various electric loads of the forklift, A first step of limiting the number of consecutive rapid charging through counting during a rapid charging mode operation; A second step of switching to a normal charging mode when a charging voltage of the battery exceeds a reference voltage during rapid charging of the battery; And a third step of switching to a normal charging mode when the battery is not fully charged after completion of rapid charging. When the count value is smaller than a certain reference number, the charging current mode is advanced. When the count value reaches an arbitrary reference number If it is bigger, it should be proceeded with the normal charging method.

그러나, 이러한 충전 방식은 급속 충전을 소정 횟수 이상 연속적으로 진행하고 나면, 강제적으로 일반 충전 방식으로 진행되도록 제어하므로, 충전을 신속하게 종료하고 이동해야 하는 경우에 적합하지 않다.
However, this type of charging method is not suitable for the case where the charging must be quickly terminated and moved since the charging method is forcibly controlled to proceed to the normal charging method after the rapid charging is continuously performed for a predetermined number of times or more.

공개특허 2012-0072788호 전동식 지게차용 충전기 충전방법Published patent application 2012-0072788 Charging method for electric forklift Charging method

본 발명은 급속 충전을 수행하면서도 배터리의 장수명화를 달성할 수 있는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치를 제공한다.The present invention provides a battery charging apparatus using an ultracapacitor capable of achieving long battery life while performing rapid charging.

또한, 본 발명은 배터리의 수명을 최대화하면서도 성능 저하를 방지할 수 있는 전류 제어 방식을 이용하는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치를 제공한다.In addition, the present invention provides a battery charging apparatus using an ultracapacitor that utilizes a current control method that can prevent performance degradation while maximizing the life of the battery.

또한, 본 발명은 복수의 울트라 캐패시터를 동시적으로 충전시키고, 순차적으로 방전시킴으로써 차량이 충전소에서 머무르는 시간을 최소화할 수 있는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치를 제공한다. In addition, the present invention provides a battery charging apparatus using an ultracapacitor that can minimize the time that a vehicle stays in a charging station by simultaneously charging a plurality of ultracapacitors and sequentially discharging the batteries.

또한, 본 발명은 중간 탭 방식을 이용하여 승압부에서의 승압 능력을 최대화할 수 있는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치를 제공한다.
In addition, the present invention provides a battery charging apparatus using an ultracapacitor that can maximize the step-up capability of the step-up unit by using an intermediate tap method.

본 발명에 따른 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치는, 급속충전을 위한 급속충전스위치부; 상기 급속충전스위치부에 병렬결합되는 울트라 캐패시터; 상기 울트라 캐패시터에 병렬결합되는 완속충전스위치부; 및 상기 완속충전스위치부에 병렬결합되는 완속충전부를 포함한다. An apparatus for charging a battery using an ultracapacitor according to the present invention includes: a rapid charging switch unit for rapid charging; An ultracapacitor coupled in parallel to the rapid charge switch unit; A slow charge switch unit connected in parallel to the ultracapacitor; And a slow charge section connected in parallel to the full charge switch section.

바람직하게는, 3상 상용전압을 인가받아 소정 전압으로 승압하는 승압부; 및 상기 승압부로부터 출력되는 교류전압을 소정 레벨의 직류전압으로 정류하는 정류부를 더 포함한다.Preferably, the voltage step-up unit applies a three-phase commercial voltage to step up the voltage to a predetermined voltage. And a rectifying unit for rectifying the AC voltage output from the voltage-up unit to a DC voltage of a predetermined level.

바람직하게는, 상기 급속충전스위치부는 동시적으로 또는 순차적으로 온오프 되는 복수의 급속충전스위치를 포함한다.Preferably, the quick charge switch section includes a plurality of quick charge switches that are turned on or off simultaneously or sequentially.

바람직하게는, 상기 울트라 캐패시터의 충전이 완료되면 상기 복수의 급속충전스위치는 모두 오프된다.Preferably, when the charging of the ultracapacitor is completed, the plurality of rapid charging switches are all turned off.

바람직하게는, 상기 완속충전스위치부는 복수의 완속충전스위치를 포함하고, 상기 복수의 완속충전스위치는 상기 복수의 급속충전스위치 개수와 동일한 개수이며, 상기 복수의 완속충전스위치는 선택적으로 스위칭된다.Preferably, the full charge switch portion includes a plurality of full charge switches, the plurality of full charge switches are the same number as the plurality of the full charge switches, and the plurality of the full charge switches are selectively switched.

바람직하게는, 상기 충전전류제어부는, 상기 충전전류제어부는, 상기 완속충전부와 병렬연결되는 완속 충전 전압 검출부; 상기 완속충전스위치부와 상기 완속충전부 사이에 배치되는 스위칭소자; 상기 완속 충전 전압 검출부에 인가되는 배터리 충전 전압과, 소정의 기준전압을 비교하는 비교기; 및 상기 비교기의 출력에 따라 스위칭하는 제어용스위칭소자를 포함하고, 상기 스위칭소자는 상기 제어용스위칭소자의 출력에 제어된다.Preferably, the charging current controller includes: the charging current controller includes: a slow charging voltage detector connected in parallel with the fast charging unit; A switching element disposed between the slow charge switch section and the slow charge section; A comparator for comparing a battery charging voltage applied to the charging voltage detector to a predetermined reference voltage; And a control switching element for switching in accordance with an output of the comparator, wherein the switching element is controlled at an output of the control switching element.

바람직하게는, 상기 스위칭소자는 IGBT, FET, 또는 BJT 중 어느 하나이거나, 병렬연결된 IGBT, 병렬연결된 FET, 또는 병렬연결된 BJT 중 어느 하나이다.Preferably, the switching device is any one of an IGBT, an FET, and a BJT, an IGBT connected in parallel, a FET connected in parallel, or a BJT connected in parallel.

바람직하게는, 상기 완속 충전 전압 검출부는 정온도계수 소자를 더 포함한다.
Preferably, the slowly charged voltage detector further includes a constant temperature coefficient element.

본 발명은 급속 충전을 수행하면서도 배터리의 장수명화를 달성할 수 있고, 배터리의 수명을 최대화하면서도 성능 저하를 방지할 수 있고, 복수의 울트라 캐패시터를 동시적으로 충전시키고, 순차적으로 방전시킴으로써 차량이 충전소에서 머무르는 시간을 최소화할 수 있고, 중간 탭 방식을 이용하여 승압부에서의 승압 능력을 최대화할 수 있는 효과가 있다. 이때 충전시간은 수초(3~15초)에 불과할 정도로 최단시간 소요된다. 즉, 최단시간에 충전되는 울트라 캐패시터에서 배터리로 전압 및 전류 조정회로를 사용하여 완속충전시킨다.
The present invention is capable of achieving long life of a battery while performing rapid charging, and it is possible to prevent deterioration of performance while maximizing battery life, and simultaneously charging a plurality of ultracapacitors and discharging them sequentially, So that it is possible to maximize the step-up capability of the step-up part by using the intermediate tap method. At this time, the charging time is only a few seconds (3 ~ 15 seconds). That is, in the ultracapacitor charged in the shortest time, the battery is charged slowly using the voltage and current regulating circuit.

도 1은 본 발명의 제1 실시예에 따른 배터리 충전 장치의 전체 회로도,
도 2는 본 발명의 제2 실시예에 따른 배터리 충전 장치 중 전류 제어부의 구체 회로도, 및
도 3은 본 발명의 제3 실시예에 따른 배터리 충전 장치 중 전류 제어부의 구체 회로도이다.1 is an overall circuit diagram of a battery charging apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a specific circuit diagram of a current controller in a battery charging device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
3 is a specific circuit diagram of a current controller in a battery charging device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

이하 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 상세히 설명하기로 한다. 이에 앞서, 본 명세서 및 청구범위에 사용된 용어나 단어는 통상적이거나 사전적인 의미로 한정해서 해석되어서는 아니되며, 발명자는 그 자신의 발명을 가장 최선의 방법으로 설명하기 위해 용어의 개념을 적절하게 정의할 수 있다는 원칙에 입각하여 본 발명의 기술적 사상에 부합하는 의미와 개념으로 해석되어야만 한다. 따라서, 본 명세서에 기재된 실시예와 도면에 도시된 구성은 본 발명의 가장 바람직한 일실시예에 불과할 뿐이고 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 모두 대변하는 것은 아니므로, 본 출원시점에 있어서 이들을 대체할 수 있는 다양한 균등물과 변형예들이 있을 수 있음을 이해하여야 한다.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to ordinary or dictionary terms, and the inventor should appropriately interpret the concepts of the terms appropriately It should be interpreted in accordance with the meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention based on the principle that it can be defined. Therefore, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, It is to be understood that equivalents and modifications are possible.

도 1은 본 발명의 제1 실시예에 따른 배터리 충전 장치의 전체 회로도로서, 승압부(110), 정류부(120), 급속충전스위치부(130), 급속충전부(140), 완속충전스위치부(150), 충전전류제어부(160), 완속충전부(170)를 포함한다.FIG. 1 is an overall circuit diagram of a battery charging apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The battery charging apparatus includes a voltage booster 110, a rectifier 120, a rapid charging switch 130, a rapid charging unit 140, 150, a charge current control unit 160, and a fast charge unit 170.

승압부(110)는 3상 상용전압을 인가받아 소정 전압으로 승압한다. 예컨대, 220볼트를 인가받아 800볼트로 승압한다.The step-up unit 110 applies a three-phase commercial voltage to step up to a predetermined voltage. For example, 220 volts is applied and the voltage is increased to 800 volts.

정류부(120)는 중앙탭을 중심으로 각각 800볼트로 승압된 교류전압을 직류전압으로 정류한다.The rectifying unit 120 rectifies an AC voltage boosted to 800 volts around the center tap to a DC voltage.

급속충전스위치부(130)는 복수의 기계적 급속충전스위치(131, 132, ...)를 포함하고, 동시적으로 닫히거나, 열린다. 즉, 복수의 기계적 급속충전스위치를 동시적으로 또는 순차적으로 닫아 후단의 울트라 캐패시터를 충전시키고, 울트라 캐패시터의 충전이 완료되면, 복수의 기계적 급속충전스위치를 동시적으로 또는 순차적으로 연다.The quick-charge switch section 130 includes a plurality of mechanical fast-charge switches 131, 132, ..., and is simultaneously closed or opened. That is, a plurality of mechanical rapid-charge switches are simultaneously or sequentially closed to charge the ultralcapacitor at the subsequent stage, and when the charging of the ultracapacitor is completed, a plurality of mechanical rapid-charge switches are opened simultaneously or sequentially.

급속충전부(140)는 각각의 기계적 급속충전스위치의 후단에 병렬결합된 울트라캐패시터를 포함한다. 울트라 캐패시터는 통상의 캐패시터와 달리 수 패럿[F] 단위의 용량을 가진다.The rapid charging section 140 includes an ultracapacitor coupled in parallel at the rear end of each mechanical rapid charge switch. Unlike conventional capacitors, ultracapacitors have capacities of several Farads [F].

완속충전스위치부(150)는 급속충전부(140)의 후단에 병렬결합되고, 선택적으로 닫히거나 열린다. 급속충전스위치부(130)가 열린 상태에서 완속충전스위치부(150)를 선택적으로 닫아 후단의 완속충전부(170)를 충전한다.The full charge switch unit 150 is connected in parallel to the rear end of the rapid charging unit 140, and is selectively closed or opened. The fast charging switch unit 150 is selectively closed in the state where the rapid charging switch unit 130 is opened to charge the final charging unit 170 at the rear stage.

충전전류제어부(160)는 배터리 충전 전압 검출부(가변저항, R2)에 인가되는 배터리 충전 전압을 반전단자에 입력받고, 제너 다이오드(VZD1, VZD2)에 인가되는 제너 전압을 비반전단자에 입력받아 비교하는 비교기(Comp.), 비교기의 출력에 따라 스위칭하는 제어용스위칭소자(TR1), 그리고, 급속충전부(140)와 완속충전부(170)의 경로 상에 배치되어 제어용스위칭소자(TR1)의 출력에 따라 제어되는 스위칭소자(TR2, IGBT)를 포함한다. 여기서, 가변저항(R2)을 조정함으로써 스위칭소자(TR2)를 통과하는 전류의 크기를 조절할 수 있다. The charging current controller 160 receives the battery charging voltage applied to the battery charging voltage detector (variable resistor R2) at the inverting terminal and receives the zener voltage applied to the zener diodes VZD1 and VZD2 to the non- A control switching element TR1 for switching in accordance with the output of the comparator and a control switching element TR1 disposed on the path between the rapid charging part 140 and the fully charged part 170, And a controlled switching element TR2 (IGBT). Here, by adjusting the variable resistor R2, the magnitude of the current passing through the switching element TR2 can be adjusted.

한편, 본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따르면, 스위칭소자(TR2)는 IGBT 대신 FET, 또는 BJT로 대체할 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따르면, 스위칭소자(TR2)는 통과할 수 있는 전류의 크기를 향상시킬 수 있도록 병렬연결된 IGBT, 병렬연결된 FET, 병렬연결된 BJT로 대체할 수 있다.Meanwhile, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the switching element TR2 may be replaced with an FET instead of an IGBT, or a BJT. Also, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the switching device TR2 may be replaced with an IGBT, a parallel-connected FET, and a parallel-connected BJT connected in parallel so as to improve the magnitude of the current that can pass therethrough.

완속충전부(170)의 배터리는 리튬이온전지, 리튬인산철전지, 니켈수소전지, 또는 니켈카드뮴전지를 사용할 수 있다.
A lithium ion battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a nickel hydride battery, or a nickel cadmium battery may be used as the battery of the fast charging unit 170.

본 발명의 제1 실시예에 따른 배터리 충전 장치의 동작에 관하여 설명하면 다음과 같다.The operation of the battery charging apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will now be described.

먼저, 완속충전스위치부(160)를 모두 연 상태에서 급속충전스위치부(130) 내 모든 스위치를 동시적으로 또는 순차적으로 닫아 급속충전부(140)인 울트라 캐패시터를 수초 내지 수십초 내에 충전시킨다. 울트라 캐패시터의 충전이 완료되면, 급속충전스위치부(130) 내 모든 스위치를 동시적으로 또는 순차적으로 열고, 완속충전스위치부(150) 내 복수의 완속충전스위치 중 적어도 어느 하나를 선택적으로 닫아 완속충전부(170)인 배터리를 수십분 내지 수시간 동안 완속 충전시킨다. 예컨대, 제1 완속충전스위치(151)를 닫아 제1 울트라 캐패시터(UC1)로부터 배터리(170)로 완속 충전이 완료되면, 제1 완속충전스위치(151)를 열고, 제2 완속충전스위치(152)를 닫아 제2 울트라 캐패시터(UC2)로부터 배터리(170)로 완속 충전이 이루어지게 한다.First, all the switches in the rapid charging switch unit 130 are closed simultaneously or sequentially in a state where the full charging switch unit 160 is opened, thereby charging the ultracapacitor as the rapid charging unit 140 within several seconds to several tens of seconds. When the charging of the ultracapacitor is completed, all the switches in the rapid charging switch unit 130 are opened simultaneously or sequentially, and at least one of the plurality of slow charging switches in the slow charging switch unit 150 is selectively closed, (170) for a few minutes to several hours. For example, when the first full charge switch 151 is closed and the slow charging from the first ultracapacitor UC1 to the battery 170 is completed, the first full charge switch 151 is opened and the second full charge switch 152 is opened. So that the second ultracapacitor UC2 can be charged slowly with the battery 170.

한편, 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 배터리 충전 장치는 전기를 에너지원으로 이용하는 차량의 내부에 탑재될 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따른 배터리 충전 장치는 충전부와 정류부를 제외한 나머지 구성을 포함하여 전기를 에너지원으로 이용하는 차량의 내부에 탑재될 수 있다. 이에 따라, 충전시간을 대폭 줄이는 한편, 배터리로의 급속 충전을 방지하여 배터리의 수명을 늘릴 수 있다. 즉, 자동차의 운행 중에 구동 모터가 정지 상태이면 울트라 캐패시터에서 배터리로 완속충전을 수행한다.
Meanwhile, the battery charging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention can be mounted inside a vehicle using electricity as an energy source. In addition, the battery charging apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention may be mounted inside a vehicle that uses electricity as an energy source, including a configuration other than a charging unit and a rectifying unit. Accordingly, while the charging time is greatly reduced, rapid charging to the battery is prevented, and the life of the battery can be increased. That is, if the driving motor is in a stopped state during the operation of the vehicle, the ultrafast capacitor is charged to the battery slowly.

도 2는 본 발명의 제2 실시예에 따른 배터리 충전 장치 중 전류 제어부의 구체 회로도로서, 대부분의 구성이 도 1과 동일하고, 다만, 배터리 충전 전압 검출부가 정온도계수 소자(PTC)를 더 포함한다는 점이다. 정온도계수 소자의 특성상 기온이 낮아지게 되면 저항값은 작아지기 때문에 직렬연결된 저항(R23)과 정온도계수 소자의 합성저항값은 작아지게 되고, 따라서, 비교기의 반전단자에 인가되는 기준전압이 낮아지게 된다. 한편, 외부온도가 낮아지면 배터리는 자체 방전이 활발히 이루어지게 된다. 따라서, 비교기의 반전단자에 인가되는 기준전압이 낮아지게 되면, 스위칭소자(IGBT) 양단 전압이 동일하더라도 스위칭소자(IGBT)를 통해 더욱 큰 전류가 흐르도록 제어할 필요가 있다.
FIG. 2 is a specific circuit diagram of a current control unit in a battery charging apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Most of the configuration is the same as in FIG. 1 except that the battery charge voltage detecting unit further includes a positive temperature coefficient element . The combined resistance value of the resistor R23 connected in series and the constant temperature coefficient element becomes small because the resistance value becomes small when the air temperature becomes low due to the characteristics of the constant temperature coefficient element and therefore the reference voltage applied to the inverting terminal of the comparator is low . On the other hand, when the external temperature is lowered, the battery is actively discharged. Therefore, when the reference voltage applied to the inverting terminal of the comparator is lowered, it is necessary to control so that a larger current flows through the switching device IGBT even if the voltage across the switching device IGBT is the same.

도 3은 본 발명의 제3 실시예에 따른 배터리 충전 장치 중 전류 제어부의 구체 회로도로서, 대부분의 구성이 도 2와 동일하고, 다만, 제어용 스위칭 소자(TR1, TR2)를 복수개 사용하여 완속 충전을 좀 더 정교하게 제어할 수 있다.
FIG. 3 is a specific circuit diagram of the current control unit in the battery charging apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Most of the configuration is the same as in FIG. 2 except that a plurality of control switching elements TR1 and TR2 are used to perform a slow charge You can control it more precisely.

이상과 같이, 본 발명의 각 실시예에서 설명한 기술적 사상들은 각각 독립적으로 실시될 수 있거나, 서로 조합되어 실시될 수도 있다. 또한, 본 발명은 비록 한정된 실시예와 도면에 의해 설명되었으나, 본 발명은 이것에 의해 한정되지 않으며 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에 의해 본 발명의 기술사상과 아래에 기재될 특허청구범위의 균등범위 내에서 다양한 수정 및 변형이 가능하다.
As described above, the technical ideas described in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented independently of each other, or can be implemented in combination with each other. While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the details thereof and that various changes and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the appended claims.

110: 승압부
120: 정류부
130: 급속충전스위치부
140: 급속충전부
150: 완속충전스위치부
160: 충전전류제어부
170: 완속충전부110:
120: rectification part
130: rapid charge switch section
140:
150: Slow charge switch section
160: charge current control section
170:

Claims (9)

급속충전을 위한 급속충전스위치부;
상기 급속충전스위치부에 병렬결합되는 울트라 캐패시터;
상기 울트라 캐패시터에 병렬결합되는 완속충전스위치부; 및
상기 완속충전스위치부에 병렬결합되는 완속충전부
를 포함하는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치.
A rapid charging switch section for rapid charging;
An ultracapacitor coupled in parallel to the rapid charge switch unit;
A slow charge switch unit connected in parallel to the ultracapacitor; And
And a fast charging part
And a battery charger using the ultracapacitor.
제1항에 있어서,
3상 상용전압을 인가받아 소정 전압으로 승압하는 승압부; 및
상기 승압부로부터 출력되는 교류전압을 소정 레벨의 직류전압으로 정류하는 정류부
를 더 포함하는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치.
The method according to claim 1,
A step-up unit for applying a three-phase commercial voltage and stepping up the voltage to a predetermined voltage; And
A rectifying unit for rectifying the alternating-current voltage output from the voltage-boosting unit to a direct-
Further comprising a capacitor connected to the battery.
제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서,
상기 급속충전스위치부는 동시적으로 또는 순차적으로 온오프 되는 복수의 급속충전스위치를 포함하는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the rapid charging switch unit includes a plurality of rapid charging switches that are turned on or off simultaneously or sequentially.
제3항에 있어서,
상기 울트라 캐패시터의 충전이 완료되면 상기 복수의 급속충전스위치는 모두 오프되는 것을 특징으로 하는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치.
The method of claim 3,
Wherein when the charging of the ultracapacitor is completed, the plurality of rapid charging switches are all turned off.
제4항에 있어서,
상기 완속충전스위치부는 복수의 완속충전스위치를 포함하고, 상기 복수의 완속충전스위치는 상기 복수의 급속충전스위치 개수와 동일한 개수이며, 상기 복수의 완속충전스위치는 선택적으로 스위칭되는 것을 특징으로 하는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치.
5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the slow charge switch section includes a plurality of slow charge switches, the plurality of slow charge switches are the same number as the plurality of rapid charge switches, and the plurality of slow charge switches are selectively switched. Battery charger.
제5항에 있어서, 상기 충전전류제어부는,
상기 완속충전부와 병렬연결되는 완속 충전 전압 검출부;
상기 완속충전스위치부와 상기 완속충전부 사이에 배치되는 스위칭소자;
상기 완속 충전 전압 검출부에 인가되는 배터리 충전 전압과, 소정의 기준전압을 비교하는 비교기; 및
상기 비교기의 출력에 따라 스위칭하는 제어용스위칭소자를 포함하고,
상기 스위칭소자는 상기 제어용스위칭소자의 출력에 제어되는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치.
6. The charge pump circuit according to claim 5,
A slow charge voltage detector connected in parallel to the slow charge section;
A switching element disposed between the slow charge switch section and the slow charge section;
A comparator for comparing a battery charging voltage applied to the charging voltage detector to a predetermined reference voltage; And
And a control switching element for switching in accordance with the output of the comparator,
Wherein the switching element is controlled by an output of the control switching element.
제6항에 있어서,
상기 스위칭소자는 IGBT, FET, 또는 BJT 중 어느 하나이거나, 병렬연결된 IGBT, 병렬연결된 FET, 또는 병렬연결된 BJT 중 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치.
The method according to claim 6,
Wherein the switching element is any one of an IGBT, an FET, and a BJT, or an IGBT connected in parallel, a parallel connected FET, or a BJT connected in parallel.
제6항에 있어서,
상기 완속 충전 전압 검출부는 정온도계수 소자를 더 포함하는 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치.
The method according to claim 6,
Wherein the fully charged voltage detecting unit further includes a positive temperature coefficient element.
제1항 또는 제2항에 기재된 울트라 캐패시터를 이용한 배터리 충전 장치를 탑재한 전기차량.
An electric vehicle mounted with a battery charging device using the ultra-capacitor according to claim 1 or 2.
KR1020140007921A 2014-01-22 2014-01-22 Battery charging apparatus using ultra capacitor KR20150087694A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106427627A (en) * 2016-10-12 2017-02-22 武汉大学 Quick charging system used for power grid friendly type new energy automobile and charging method of quick charging system
KR102107451B1 (en) * 2019-10-01 2020-05-07 장병길 Cascade type safety battery for electric motor vehicle
KR102144697B1 (en) 2019-07-15 2020-08-14 이돈창 Voltage stabilizer for vehicle using super capacitor and auxiliary battery for jump starter
KR20210148760A (en) * 2020-06-01 2021-12-08 동의대학교 산학협력단 Method for charging and discharging using digital capacitor with improved charging efficiency
KR20210148762A (en) * 2020-06-01 2021-12-08 동의대학교 산학협력단 Apparatus for assisting charging of a battery and a method for charging
KR20210148761A (en) * 2020-06-01 2021-12-08 동의대학교 산학협력단 System for charging and discharging using digital capacitor with improved charging efficiency
KR20230123099A (en) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-23 디와이이노베이트 주식회사 Mobile energy storage system and battery charging method

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106427627A (en) * 2016-10-12 2017-02-22 武汉大学 Quick charging system used for power grid friendly type new energy automobile and charging method of quick charging system
KR102144697B1 (en) 2019-07-15 2020-08-14 이돈창 Voltage stabilizer for vehicle using super capacitor and auxiliary battery for jump starter
KR102107451B1 (en) * 2019-10-01 2020-05-07 장병길 Cascade type safety battery for electric motor vehicle
KR20210148760A (en) * 2020-06-01 2021-12-08 동의대학교 산학협력단 Method for charging and discharging using digital capacitor with improved charging efficiency
KR20210148762A (en) * 2020-06-01 2021-12-08 동의대학교 산학협력단 Apparatus for assisting charging of a battery and a method for charging
KR20210148761A (en) * 2020-06-01 2021-12-08 동의대학교 산학협력단 System for charging and discharging using digital capacitor with improved charging efficiency
KR20230123099A (en) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-23 디와이이노베이트 주식회사 Mobile energy storage system and battery charging method

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