KR20150066925A - 3D hierachical nanosized activated carbon and method thereof - Google Patents

3D hierachical nanosized activated carbon and method thereof Download PDF

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KR20150066925A
KR20150066925A KR1020130152573A KR20130152573A KR20150066925A KR 20150066925 A KR20150066925 A KR 20150066925A KR 1020130152573 A KR1020130152573 A KR 1020130152573A KR 20130152573 A KR20130152573 A KR 20130152573A KR 20150066925 A KR20150066925 A KR 20150066925A
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hierarchical structure
activated carbon
dimensional hierarchical
filtrate
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KR101565036B1 (en
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김종휘
윤하나
유정준
김용일
윤재국
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한국에너지기술연구원
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30Active carbon
    • C01B32/354After-treatment
    • C01B32/36Reactivation or regeneration
    • C01B32/366Reactivation or regeneration by physical processes, e.g. by irradiation, by using electric current passing through carbonaceous feedstock or by using recyclable inert heating bodies
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32Carbon-based
    • H01G11/34Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32Carbon-based
    • H01G11/36Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12Surface area
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40Electric properties
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing a bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure by using a filtrate produced from a hydrothermal carbonization reaction using biomass as a raw material, and an electrode material for an ultra-high capacity capacitor using the same.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional hierarchical structure of nanotubes,

The present invention relates to a three-dimensional hierarchical structure of bio-nano-activated carbon and a method of manufacturing the same, more particularly, to a bio-nano-activated carbon having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure having a porous structure by activating a hydrolyzed filtrate using biomass as a raw material, And a manufacturing method thereof.

Ultra-high capacity capacitors have a high output density and stability, charge and discharge efficiency, long-term reliability of more than 10 years, and semi-permanent and fast charge-discharge cycle characteristics. As a result, the lithium- It can meet the requirements as a high power source in mechanical and renewable energy generation. As such an energy storage device, a supercapacitor has many advantages such as high output and high stability. However, it has a relatively low energy density compared to other batteries and fuel cells, and thus has been used only for limited applications. In the early days, it has been applied to small-sized applications such as memory backup and engine starting. However, due to the progress of performance improvement and application fields, it is currently being used in large- and medium- sized fields such as electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, And its applicability has been broadened.

Ultra-high capacity capacitors are generally composed of two electrodes, an anode and a cathode, using carbon-based materials and store electrochemical energy by electrostatic attraction. The specific gravity of the electrode material among the materials constituting the ultra-high capacity capacitor cell is the largest at 65% of the total. Activated carbon used as a carbon material for an ultra-high capacity capacitor electrode which is currently being produced industrially is mainly used for activated carbon such as vegetable (woody, palm), coal / petroleum pitch and phenol- Most of them are used. However, since the raw materials are rarely produced in the domestic market, they depend on imports from abroad, which has a disadvantage in that there is a restriction on raw material supply or a high cost. Also, the activated carbon made using the above materials has difficulty in controlling the average pore diameter and structure. Therefore, it is urgently required to develop activated carbon materials and manufacturing methods which are smooth and cheap in raw material supply, and have a controlled specific surface area, average pore diameter and structure.

Biomass refers to the wood, plant, agricultural and forestry by-products currently used as energy sources, and organic components in urban waste and industrial waste. In general, organic matter can be burnt because it contains carbon (C), and anything that can be burned can be a raw material for activated carbon. Therefore, waste materials such as rice hulls, rice straw, wood chip, etc., and waste materials such as byproducts, wine, beer, rice wine, etc., as well as food wastes, If activated carbon is manufactured and the ultra-high-capacity capacitor electrode material based on it is developed, waste resources can be recycled and stable activated carbon manufacturing materials can be supplied.

Studies on the production of activated carbon using biomass have been actively conducted, but it is very difficult to control the specific surface area, pore diameter and structure of the activated carbon produced using the activated carbon. So far, the development of biomass-based electrode materials for ultra-high-capacity capacitors has been limited. Electrode material technology is the core technology that determines the energy and output characteristics of supercapacitor and costs are the highest. Therefore, it is necessary to control the micropores of activated carbon within the effective pore size range and to use high quality activated carbon with high purity, conductivity and specific surface area It is required to develop the core source technology for development.

M. Sevilla, A. B. Fuertes, R. Mokaya, Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 1400. B. Hu, K. Wang, L. Wu, S. -H. Yu, M. Antonietti, M. -M. Tilting, Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 813.

The present invention provides a three-dimensional hierarchical structure of bio-nano-activated carbon capable of controlling a high specific surface area and pore structure as a filtrate produced after hydrothermal reaction using carbon-containing biomass as a raw material, and a process for producing the same. .

The present invention also relates to a process for producing bioactive carbon by using a solid filtrate produced after hydrothermal reaction using carbon-containing biomass as a raw material to produce bio-activated carbon by using the filtrate and solid filtrate, Thereby improving the efficiency of the process.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an electrode material for ultra-high capacity capacitors using the bio-nanotubes having the three-dimensional hierarchical structure.

In order to achieve the above object,

(1) preparing a mixed solution by mixing biomass, water and an activated catalyst;

(2) hydrothermally carbonizing the mixed solution;

(3) filtering the hydrothermally carbonized mixed solution to separate the filtrate;

(4) dewatering the filtrate; And

(5) heating the dehydrated filtrate in an inert gas atmosphere to a temperature of 400 to 1000 ° C to activate pores in the carbon particles.

Also, the present invention provides a bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure produced by the above method.

The present invention also provides an electrode material for ultra-high capacity capacitors using the bio-nanocarbons having the three-dimensional hierarchical structure.

The three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the bio-nano-activated carbon of the present invention has an advantage that it can control the high specific surface area and pore structure.

In addition, the bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure according to the present invention can be used as an electrode material for ultra-high capacity capacitors because of ensuring a continuous electrical path and having a fast and effective charge transport path. And can be used in various fields such as a carrier, a catalyst molecular sieve, a malodor removing agent, a water quality and an atmospheric cleaning agent, and a battery electrode material.

In addition, the bio-nanotubes having the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the present invention can be prepared by using the biomass containing carbon as a raw material and the filtrate produced after the hydrothermal reaction, and as the solid filtrate, And the efficiency of the activated carbon production can be enhanced.

In addition, the bio-nanocatalyst having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure according to the present invention can eliminate the step of adding the activation catalyst after the conventional hydrothermal carbonation by adding the activation catalyst in the hydrothermal reaction, thereby simplifying the process and reducing the cost have.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a method for producing a bio-nanocatalyst (I) having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure and a conventional biono-activated carbon (II).
2 is a SEM photograph showing the hydrothermal carbides of Examples 1 to 3;
3 is a SEM photograph of the bio-nanotubes of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the present invention prepared in Example 1. FIG.
4 is an SEM photograph enlarged in Fig. 3
FIG. 5 is a SEM photograph showing the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the present invention prepared in Example 2.
6 is an SEM photograph enlarged in Fig.
FIG. 7 is a TEM photograph showing the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the present invention prepared in Example 2. FIG.
8 is an SEM photograph of the bio-nanotubes of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the present invention prepared in Example 3. FIG.
Fig. 9 is an SEM photograph enlarged in Fig.
10 is a TEM photograph showing the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the present invention prepared in Example 3. Fig.
11 is a SEM photograph showing the conventional hydrothermal carbide produced in Example 4. Fig.
12 is a graph showing a nitrogen gas adsorption isotherm curve (BET plot) of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the present invention prepared in Example 2.
13 is a graph showing the MP plot of the bio-nanotubes of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the present invention prepared in Example 2. FIG.
FIG. 14 is a graph showing the cyclic current charge / discharge test results of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the present invention prepared in Example 2 for an electric double layer capacitor electrode of a bio-nano activated carbon. FIG.
15 is a graph showing a specific capacity for each scanning speed in Fig.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

The present invention uses biomass as a raw material and produces bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure by using a filtrate produced in the hydrothermal reaction. The production method is as follows.

(1) preparing a mixed solution by mixing biomass, water and an activated catalyst;

(2) hydrothermally carbonizing the mixed solution;

(3) filtering the hydrothermally carbonized mixed solution to separate the filtrate;

(4) dewatering the filtrate;

(5) Activating the dehydrated filtrate to form pores in the carbon particles by heating at 400 to 1000 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere to prepare a bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure.

The biomass used as the raw material of the present invention can be used for energy-only crops and trees containing carbon, agricultural and feed crops, agricultural wastes and debris, forest waste and debris, aquatic plants, animal waste, municipal waste, In the present invention, the bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure were prepared using the extracted renewable organic material, preferably starch.

In the step (1), it is preferable that the activating catalyst contains 0.01 to 10 mol, and the amount of the activating catalyst may be selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, phosphoric acid, tin chloride, zinc chloride, alkali metal tartrate, And at least one member selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal tartrate, an alkali metal citrate, and an alkali metal maleate is more preferably used. Also, the ratio of the biomass to water is 0.1 g / L to 100 g / L, and the bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure are formed well within the above range.

In the step (2), hydrothermal carbonization is performed on the mixed solution prepared in the step (1). In the conventional activated carbon production method, an activated catalyst after hydrothermal carbonization is added, but in the present invention, both the biomass, After the mixing, hydrothermal carbonization proceeds, so that the process can be simplified to produce a bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure.

Generally, hydrothermal reaction is an environmentally friendly and simple synthesis process, and it is possible to control the size, shape and surface functional groups of carbon particles through the reaction. Also, under hydrothermal conditions, the carbon material increases or changes in solubility, the crystallization portion melts, accelerates the physical / chemical interaction between the solvent and the reactant, facilitates ion and acid / base reactions, / Causes sedimentation.

In the present invention, the hydrothermal reaction of the step (2) was carried out at a temperature of 150 to 350 ° C and for 6 to 48 hours.

Thereafter, the hydrothermally carbonated mixed solution is filtered, and only the filtrate is separated and dehydrated. The dehydration process can remove moisture of the filtrate by various methods such as a method of heating to remove water, vacuum drying and freeze-drying.

In the step (5), the dehydrated filtrate is activated by secondary carbonization, and heated at a temperature of 400 to 1000 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere containing argon gas to form numerous pores in the carbon particles to form a three- Of the bio-nano-activated carbon is produced, and preferably heated to a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C.

In the step (5), the size and the distribution ratio of the pores generated in the carbon particles vary according to the applied temperature. When activated by heating at a temperature of 400 to 800 ° C., a bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure predominantly formed with micropores (<2 nm) are produced. When activated by heating at a temperature of 900 to 1000 ° C., meso pores To 50 nm) and macropores (> 50 nm) are predominant.

Since the pore size of the bio-nano-activated carbon having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure predominantly formed is small, it is advantageous to use an aqueous electrolyte having a small electrolyte size. In the case of the three-dimensional structure in which mesopores and macropores are predominantly formed Hierarchical bio-nano-activated carbon is used for organic electrolytes and ionic liquid electrolytes, which are relatively large in electrolyte ion size.

Accordingly, the bio-nanocatalyst having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure according to the present invention has micro, meso, and macropores uniformly distributed. Due to the nature of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure, continuous electrical pathways can be ensured and a fast and effective charge transport path can be secured have.

The bio-nanotubes of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure produced in the step (5) are finally washed, dried and pulverized to be finally produced. The washing process should be repeatedly performed until the pH is 6 to 8. In addition, drying and grinding are performed by selecting one of various known methods. The finally produced bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure have a large specific surface area with a large number of pores formed, and preferably have a specific surface area of 500 m 2 / g or more.

In addition, in the present invention, the bioactive carbon can be produced by a conventional method using the solid filtrate after hydrothermal carbonization in the step (2).

After the solid filtrate is washed, dried and pulverized, the surface and pores of the carbon particles are supported on the surface of the carbon particles for a sufficient time to be impregnated with the activating catalyst material uniformly. After the step (5) of the present invention and washing, drying and grinding Bioactive carbon is produced.

Therefore, the bio-nanocomposite of the present invention and the conventional bio-activated carbon of the present invention can be produced by using both the filtrate and the solid filtrate produced after the hydrothermal reaction, thereby improving the efficiency of the activated carbon production process.

The present invention also provides a bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure produced by the above-described method. The three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the bio-nano-activated carbon has a specific surface area of 500 m 2 / g or more and can be used according to the use of the electrolyte according to the size and distribution of pores of the bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure. The bio-nanotubes of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure in which the micropores (<2 nm) are predominantly formed in the carbon particles are used for the aqueous electrolytes having a small size of the pores because the pore size is small, and mesopores and macropores predominate in the carbon particles. The three-dimensional hierarchical structure of bio-nano-activated carbon is used as an organic electrolyte and an ionic liquid electrolyte having a relatively large electrolyte ion size.

Since the bio-nanotubes of the present invention have a three-dimensional hierarchical structure with many pores, it is possible to secure a continuous electrical path and secure a fast and effective charge transport path, and thus can be used as an electrode material for an ultra-high capacity capacitor .

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

However, the following examples are illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

&Lt; Production of bio-nano activated carbon having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure &

Example  One.

In a stainless steel hydrothermal reactor, 10 g of potato starch and 500 mL of water were added and the potato starch was mixed well to dissolve in water. Thereafter, 0.1 mol of potassium sodium tartrate tetra hydrate (KNaC 4 H 4 O 6 .4H 2 O) as an activation catalyst was added and the mixed solution was stirred well. The hydrothermal reactor containing the mixed solution was heated at 195 캜 for 13 hours to conduct hydrothermal reaction. After completion of the reaction, the filtrate was separated by filtration. 500 mL of the filtrate was placed in an alumina boat and heated to 70 ° C to remove moisture. The filtrate from which the moisture was removed was confirmed to be hydrothermal carbide having a size of 20 to 40 nm by SEM (FIG. 2).

The hydrothermal carbide was heated in an inert gas atmosphere containing argon gas at 700 ° C. for 1 hour to form pores in the carbon particles, and washing was performed to adjust the pH to 6 to 8 . In order to remove water contained in the washing process, the particles were dried at a temperature of 120 ° C. for 12 hours and then pulverized using a crushing means including a ball milling to produce a nano-sized three-dimensional hierarchical structure of bio-nanotubes 3 to 4).

Example  2.

The nano-sized three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the bio-nanotubes was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nanotubes were activated at a temperature of 800 ° C (5 to 7).

Example  3.

A nano-sized three-dimensional hierarchical structure of bio-nano-activated carbon was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the activated carbon was activated at a temperature of 900 ° C (FIGS. 8 to 10).

&Lt; Bio activated carbon production &

Example  4.

In a stainless steel hydrothermal reactor, 10 g of potato starch and 500 mL of water were added and the potato starch was mixed well to dissolve in water. Thereafter, 0.1 mol of potassium sodium tartrate tetra hydrate (KNaC 4 H 4 O 6 .4H 2 O) as an activation catalyst was added and the mixed solution was stirred well. The hydrothermal reactor containing the mixed solution was heated at 195 캜 for 13 hours to conduct hydrothermal reaction. After completion of the reaction, the solid filtrate was separated by filtration. The solid filtrate was dried by heating at 120 ° C for 12 hours, and then pulverized using a crushing means including a ball milling. The solid filtrate was confirmed by SEM (FIG. 11).

The pulverized carbon particles were supported on a KOH solution as an activation catalyst for 12 hours so that the surface and pores of the carbon particles were evenly impregnated with the activating catalyst material. Thereafter, the mixture was heated at a temperature of 800 ° C. for 1 hour to carry out an activation step of forming pores in the carbon particles, and washing was carried out so as to adjust the pH to 6 to 8. In order to remove the water contained in the washing process, the microorganism was dried at a temperature of 120 ° C for 12 hours, and pulverized using a crushing means including a ball milling to prepare a micro-sized bio-activated carbon.

Experimental Example  1. Analysis of the composition of bio-nano activated carbon in 3-dimensional hierarchy

The bio-nanotubes of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure prepared in Examples 1 to 3 were analyzed by SEM-EDS (SEM-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Hitachi S-4800) Were analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Atomic% C O K Na Example 1 84.43 15.96 0.38 0.24 Example 2 89.00 10.91 0.10 - Example 3 90.60 8.43 0.56 0.40

In order to produce a high-performance activated carbon, it is preferable that the content of carbon is as high as 80% or more. As shown in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 3, in which the activation temperature is 700 to 900 占 폚, Could know.

Experimental Example  2. Three-dimensional hierarchical structure of bio-nano activated carbon Specific surface area  Measure

BET (Brunaucr-Emmett-Teller) plots were obtained by measuring the specific surface area of the bio-nanotubes of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure prepared in Examples 1 to 3 with temperature using liquid nitrogen (77 K) using BELSORP-mini II . The specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of the bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure were obtained through the BET plot (FIGS. 12 and 13).

The micropore volume and the average micropore diameter were determined through a t-plot (thickness of adsorption layer). The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Activation temperature
(° C)
BET Plot t Plot MP Plot
Specific surface area
(M &lt; 2 &gt; / g)
Total pore volume
(Cm3 / g)
Average pore diameter
(nm)
Micro pore volume
(Cm3 / g)
Average micropore diameter
(nm)
Max. peak
(nm)
Example 1 979.11 0.4444 1.8157 0.3761 0.6033 0.7 Example 2 1305.5 0.8062 2.4702 0.5192 0.6688 0.7 Example 3 683.89 0.9386 5.4897 0.2354 0.8955 0.7

As shown in the above Table 2, it was confirmed that the ratio of micro, meso, and macropores varied depending on the temperature of the activation step in the production of the bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure. In addition, the bio-nanotubes of the three-dimensional hierarchical structures of Examples 1 to 3 exhibited a high specific surface area.

Therefore, the bio-nanocatalyst having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure according to the present invention has a high specific surface area and it can be confirmed through experiments that the size and distribution of pores generated according to temperature can be controlled.

Experimental Example  3. Cyclic current charge / discharge measurement of bio-nano activated carbon in 3-dimensional hierarchy

83% by weight of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the bio-nano activated carbon prepared in Example 2, 10% by weight of carbon black and 7% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) were added to the total composition weight to prepare a slurry, Was coated on a nickel foil electrode having a nickel foil lead wire connected thereto and having an area of about 4 cm 2 and a thickness of about 280 μm to prepare an electric double layer capacitor electrode. In addition, the prepared electrode was subjected to a half-cell test using a 6M KOH electrolyte solution to measure cyclic current cycle voltammetry characteristics (FIG. 14).

Experiments have confirmed that the electrodes prepared using the bio-nanotubes of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure according to the present invention can be reversibly reacted even if the scanning speed is increased. In addition, even if the scanning speed is increased at a scanning rate of 191.3 F / g at 5 mV / s, 186.1 F / g at 10 mV / s, 162.0 F / g at 100 mV / s, and 127.8 F / g at 500 mV / Thereby securing a stable specific capacity (Fig. 15).

Therefore, it has been confirmed through experiments that the bio-nanotubes of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of the present invention can be used as an electrode material for ultra-high capacity capacitors.

Claims (11)

(1) preparing a mixed solution by mixing biomass, water and an activated catalyst;
(2) hydrothermally carbonizing the mixed solution;
(3) filtering the hydrothermally carbonized mixed solution to separate the filtrate;
(4) dewatering the filtrate; And
(5) activating the dehydrated filtrate in an inert gas atmosphere to a temperature of 400 to 1000 ° C to form pores in the carbon particles.
[Claim 3] The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the activation catalyst is 0.1 to 10 mol. [Claim 2] The method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the biomass to water is 0.1 g / L to 100 g / L. The method of claim 1, wherein the activation catalyst is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, phosphoric acid, tin chloride, zinc chloride, alkali metal tartrate, alkali metal citrate, Of the total volume of the bio-nano-activated carbon. [Claim 3] The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) is hydrothermal carbonization at a temperature of 150 to 350 DEG C and for 6 to 48 hours. [Claim 3] The method according to claim 1, wherein after the step (5), the bio-nanotubes having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure are washed until a pH of 6 to 8 is reached. [Claim 3] The method according to claim 1, wherein the bio-nanocatalyst in the three-dimensional hierarchy has a specific surface area of 500 m &lt; 2 &gt; / g or more. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solid filtrate produced after the filtration in the step (3) is washed, dried and pulverized, impregnated with the activated catalyst, and the activated step of the step (5) Wherein the bioactive nanoparticles are prepared by a method comprising the steps of: A three-dimensional hierarchical structure of bio-nano activated carbon produced by the method of claim 1. [12] The bio-nano activated carbon according to claim 9, wherein the bio-nanocatalyst having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure has a specific surface area of 500 m 2 / g or more. An electrode material for an ultra-high capacity capacitor using the bio-nano activated carbon of the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of claim 9.
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