KR20140118517A - An additive for nonaqueous electrolyte of lithium secondary battery - Google Patents
An additive for nonaqueous electrolyte of lithium secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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- KR20140118517A KR20140118517A KR1020130034595A KR20130034595A KR20140118517A KR 20140118517 A KR20140118517 A KR 20140118517A KR 1020130034595 A KR1020130034595 A KR 1020130034595A KR 20130034595 A KR20130034595 A KR 20130034595A KR 20140118517 A KR20140118517 A KR 20140118517A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 리튬이차전지용 비수전해액 첨가제에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 저온에서의 전지 저항을 낮추고 출력 특성을 개선하며, 사이클 특성을 개선할 수 있는 첨가제가 함유된 신규한 비수전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬이차전지에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte additive for lithium secondary batteries, and more particularly to a novel non-aqueous electrolyte containing additives capable of lowering battery resistance at low temperatures, improving output characteristics, and improving cycle characteristics, and lithium The present invention relates to a secondary battery.
리튬 이차전지는 휴대용 IT 기기에 있어서 필수적으로 사용되는 전원이며, 최근 그 기술이 비약적으로 발전해 왔다. 성능의 발전으로 사용영역이 에너지 저장장치, 전기 자동차와 같은 대용량 배터리로 영역이 넓혀지며 그에 맞는 성능으로서 대용량, 사이클 안전성, 가혹조건에서의 성능의 신뢰성 등이 요구되어지며, 이를 위해 다양한 첨가제가 이용되고 있다.BACKGROUND ART [0002] A lithium secondary battery is a power source that is indispensably used in portable IT equipment, and the technology has been remarkably developed in recent years. Due to the development of performance, the use area is expanded to a large-capacity battery such as an energy storage device and an electric automobile, and a large capacity, cycle safety and reliability of performance under severe conditions are required as the performance thereof. .
리튬 2차전지는, 주로 리튬 복합산화물로 이루어지는 양극, 탄소재료나 리튬금속으로 이루어지는 음극, 및 비수전해액으로 구성되어 있다. 비수전해액으로서는, 에틸렌카보네이트(EC), 프로필렌카보네이트(PC) 등의 카보네이트류가 사용되고 있다.The lithium secondary battery is mainly composed of a positive electrode made of a lithium composite oxide, a negative electrode made of a carbon material or a lithium metal, and a nonaqueous electrolyte. As the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) are used.
양극으로서 LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiNiO2 등을 이용한 리튬 2차전지는, 비수전해액 중의 용매가 충전 시에 국부적으로 일부 산화분해됨으로써 상기 분해물이 전지의 바람직한 전기화학적 반응을 저해하기 때문에, 전지 성능의 저하를 일으킨다.Since the lithium secondary battery using LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2 or the like as an anode partially decomposes oxidatively locally at the time of charging in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the decomposed matter inhibits a desirable electrochemical reaction of the battery, .
음극으로서, 예컨대 천연흑연이나 인조흑연 등의 고결정화된 탄소재료를 이용한 리튬 2차전지는, 비수전해액 중의 용매가 충전 시에 음극 표면에서 환원분해되고, 비수전해액 용매로서 범용되어 있는 EC에서도 충방전을 반복하는 사이에 일부 환원분해가 일어나, 전지 성능의 저하가 일어난다.As a cathode, for example, a lithium secondary battery using a highly crystallized carbon material such as natural graphite or artificial graphite is subjected to reduction and decomposition at the surface of a negative electrode when the negative electrode electrolyte is filled, Some reduction decomposition occurs during repetition, resulting in deterioration of battery performance.
특히, 양극이나 음극 상에서 전해액이 분해되면 가스가 발생하여, 전지가 부풀거나, 전극사이에 가스가 고여 리튬이온의 이동을 저해하여, 전지 성능을 저하시키는 또 한가지의 원인이 된다.Particularly, decomposition of the electrolyte on the positive electrode or the negative electrode causes gas to be generated, causing the battery to swell and gas to be caught between the electrodes, which hinders the movement of the lithium ion, thereby deteriorating battery performance.
더욱 상세하게는, 리튬이차전지용 비수전해액은 환형 또는 사슬형 카보네이트와 다양한 에스테르의 용매에 전해질로서 LiPF6를 용해하여 사용한다. 환형 카보네이트계 전해질로는 에틸렌 카보네이트, 프로필렌 카보네이트 등이 있다. 에틸렌 카보네이트는 유전율이 우수하여 범용적으로 사용하고 있지만 끓는점이 높아 상온에서 고체 상태로 존재하여 저온 성능이 떨어지는 단점이 있으며 프로필렌 카보네이트의 경우에는 어는점이 낮아 에틸렌 카보네이트 보다 저온 성능이 우수하긴 하지만 결정질 탄소계의 음극을 사용할 경우 음극과의 반응성으로 인해 전극이 불안정해지는 단점이 있다. 그래서 이 경우 비수전해액의 저온 특성을 향상시키기 위해서 저온 특성이 좋은 사슬형 카보네이트 전해액을 혼합하여 사용한다. 또한 첨가제로는 비닐 카보네이트를 주로 사용하는데 이 첨가제는 고온 사이클 특성을 향상시키는 특성이 있지만 분해 반응에 의해 생성된 피막에 의해 저온 출력 성능이 떨어지는 단점이 있다.More specifically, the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery is prepared by dissolving LiPF 6 as an electrolyte in a solvent of a cyclic or chain type carbonate and various esters. Examples of the cyclic carbonate-based electrolyte include ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate. Although ethylene carbonate has a high dielectric constant and is widely used, it has a disadvantage in that it has a low boiling point because it exists in a solid state at room temperature because of its high boiling point. In the case of propylene carbonate, the freezing point is low, There is a disadvantage that the electrode becomes unstable due to the reactivity with the cathode. Therefore, in order to improve the low-temperature characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte, a chain carbonate electrolyte having a low-temperature characteristic is mixed and used. Vinyl carbonate is mainly used as an additive, and this additive has a characteristic of improving a high-temperature cycle characteristic, but has a disadvantage in that a low-temperature output performance is deteriorated by a film formed by a decomposition reaction.
리튬이차 전지에 사용되는 전극 및 전해액은 고전압에서 불안정하여, 이를 보완하기 위하여 다양한 첨가제가 사용된다. 첨가제가 주로 하는 역할은 SEI(solid electrolyte interface)를 형성하여 전극과 전해액 간의 더 이상의 반응을 억제시켜 전지의 성능악화를 막는 것으로 알려져 있다.Electrodes and electrolytes used in lithium secondary batteries are unstable at high voltage, and various additives are used to supplement them. The main role of the additive is to form a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) to inhibit further reaction between the electrode and the electrolyte, thereby preventing deterioration of the battery performance.
이차전지용 비수전해액의 첨가제에 관한 종래의 기술로서;As a conventional technique relating to an additive for a nonaqueous electrolyte for a secondary battery,
공개 제10-2010-0098057호에서는 ESA(ethylene sulfate)와 PS(propane sultone)를 첨가제로 사용하여 성능향상을 이루어 HEV 용 이차전지 전해액으로 사용하고 있다. In Publication No. 10-2010-0098057, ESA (ethylene sulfate) and PS (propane sultone) are used as additives to improve the performance and used as an electrolyte for HEV secondary batteries.
공개 제10-2001-0095509호에서는 1,3 프로판디올사이클릭 설페이트(1,3-propanediol cyclic sulfate)을 첨가하여 리튬이차 전지의 성능을 향상시키기 위해 사용하였다.In Publication No. 10-2001-0095509, 1,3-propanediol cyclic sulfate was added to improve the performance of a lithium secondary battery.
그러나 상기 개시된 화합물로는 아직 만족할 만한 충방전 효율을 얻어낼 수 없었으며, 특히 저온에서도 안정적인 고효율의 충방전을 하기에 한계가 있었다.However, satisfactory charging and discharging efficiency could not be obtained with the above-described compounds, and there was a limit in charging and discharging with high efficiency even at a low temperature.
본 발명은 IT기기 또는 자동차용 리튬이차전지의 사이클 특성과 저온 츨력을 개선하기 위한 신규한 리튬이차전지용 비수전해액 첨가제를 제공하고자 한다.Disclosed is a novel non-aqueous electrolyte additive for lithium secondary batteries for improving cycle characteristics and low-temperature power of IT devices or automotive lithium secondary batteries.
더욱 상세하게는 본 발명은 sulfone 계열의 화합물로 ESA(ethylene sulfate) 유도체로써 기존 ESA의 단점을 보완하고, 리튬이차전지의 성능을 향상시키는 비수전해액 첨가제를 제공한다.More particularly, the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte additive which improves the performance of a lithium secondary battery by complementing the shortcomings of conventional ESA as a sulfone-based compound as an ESA (ethylene sulfate) derivative.
본 발명은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 리튬이차전지용 비수전해액 첨가제를 제공한다.
The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte additive for a lithium secondary battery represented by the following general formula (1).
[화학식 1][Chemical Formula 1]
n=0~3, R=CH3, CH(CH3)2 n = 0 ~ 3, R = CH 3, CH (CH 3) 2
본 발명은 리튬이차전지의 출력 개선 및 저온, 고온특성을 향상을 위한 첨가제로써 에너지 저장장치 및 자동차용 중대형 리튬이차전지의 성능을 향상시킨다.INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention improves the output of a lithium secondary battery and improves the performance of an energy storage device and a middle- or large-sized lithium secondary battery for an automobile as an additive for improving low-temperature and high-temperature characteristics.
본 발명은 리튬염, 비수성 유기용매 및 하기 화학식1 화합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬이차전지용 비수전해액을 제공한다.The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, which comprises a lithium salt, a nonaqueous organic solvent and a compound represented by the following formula (1).
[화학식 1][Chemical Formula 1]
n=0~3, R=CH3, CH(CH3)2 n = 0 ~ 3, R = CH 3, CH (CH 3) 2
특히, 종래의 첨가제인 비닐 카보네이트에 비해 상대적으로 환원 전위가 높은 첨가제를 사용함으로써 비닐 카보네이트보다 먼저 분해 반응이 일어나 SEI 피막을 형성하고, 다음으로 비닐 카보네이트에 의해 생성된 피막은 비닐 카보네이트 단족에 의해 생성된 피막에 비해 저항이 적게 걸리게 하는 것을 특징으로 한다.Particularly, by using an additive having a relatively higher reduction potential than vinyl carbonate as a conventional additive, a decomposition reaction occurs earlier than vinyl carbonate to form an SEI film. Next, a film formed by vinyl carbonate is produced by a vinyl carbonate unit So that it takes less resistance than the coated film.
본 발명은 상기 첨가제를 함유하는 리튬이차전지용 비수전해액; 리튬 인터칼레이션 화합물을 포함하는 양극 ; 및 탄소, 탄소 복합체, 리튬금속, 또는 리튬합금을 포함하는 음극으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬이차전지를 제공한다.The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery containing the above additive; A positive electrode comprising a lithium intercalation compound; And a negative electrode comprising a carbon, a carbon composite, a lithium metal, or a lithium alloy.
상기 리튬이차전지는 리튬 이온 전지 또는 리튬 폴리머 전지일 수 있다.The lithium secondary battery may be a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery.
리튬염은 LiPF6, LiBF4, LiSbF6, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiCF3SO3, Li(CF3SO2)2N, LiC4F9SO3, LiAlO4, LiAlCl4, LiCl, LiI, 로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나일 수 있다.The lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiAlO 4 , LiAlCl 4 , ≪ / RTI >
바람직하게 상기 리튬 전해질의 농도는 0.5에서 1.5M 이다.Preferably, the concentration of the lithium electrolyte is from 0.5 to 1.5 M.
상기 비수성 유기용매는 환형(cyclic) 카보네이트와 사슬형 (chain)카보네이트의 혼합용매일 수 있다.The non-aqueous organic solvent may be used for mixing the cyclic carbonate and the chain carbonate.
바람직하게는 상기 비수성 유기용매는 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC), 디에틸 카보네이트(DEC), 디프로필 카보네이트(DPC), 메틸프로필 카보네이트(MPC), 에틸프로필 카보네이트(EPC), 메틸에틸 카보네이트(MEC), 에틸렌카보네이트(EC) 비닐렌카보네이트(VC), 비닐에틸렌 카보네이트(VEC), 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC) 및 부틸렌 카보네이트(BC)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나일 수 있다.Preferably, the non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), methyl ethyl carbonate At least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC) vinylene carbonate (VC), vinylethylene carbonate (VEC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate (BC).
상기 화학식1 화합물은 상기 비수성 유기용매에 대하여 0.1에서 5의 중량비로 포함될 수 있다.
The compound of Formula 1 may be included in the non-aqueous organic solvent in a weight ratio of 0.1 to 5.
이하, 실시예를 통하여 본 발명을 보다 구체적으로 설명하고자 하나, 이러한 실시예들은 단지 설명의 목적을 위한 것으로 본 발명을 제한하는 것으로 해석해서는 안 된다.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but these examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
비교예 Comparative Example
리튬 망간 산화물(LiMn2O4)을 함유한 정극, 탄소(그라파이트카본)를 함유한 부극을 분리막과 함께 적층하여 라미네이트형 리튬이온 전지를 제조하였다. 비수성 유기용매로 에틸렌 카보네이트와 메틸에틸카보네이트를 3:7의 부피비로 혼합한 용매에, 첨가제로 비닐 카보네이트 (VC) 2 중량 %, 에틸렌 설페이트(C2H4O4S) 1중량 %, 프로판 설톤 1중량 %를 첨가하고 1.0M LiPF6를 첨가하였다.
A positive electrode containing lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ) and a negative electrode containing carbon (graphite carbon) were laminated together with a separator to produce a laminate type lithium ion battery. 2% by weight of vinyl carbonate (VC), 1% by weight of ethylene sulfate (C 2 H 4 O 4 S) as an additive, 2% by weight of propane 1 wt% of the sultone was added and 1.0M LiPF 6 was added.
실시예 Example
리튬 망간 산화물(LiMn2O4)을 함유한 정극, 탄소(그라파이트카본)를 함유한 부극을 분리막과 함께 적층하여 라미네이트형 리튬이온 전지를 제조하였다. 비수성 유기용매로 에틸렌 카보네이트와 메틸에틸카보네이트를 3:7의 부피비로 혼합한 용매에, 첨가제로 비닐 카보네이트 (VC) 2 중량 %, 에틸렌 설페이트 유도 화합물 3종(C4H8O4S,C5H10O4S, C6H12O4S)을 각각 1중량 %, 프로판 설톤 1중량 %를 첨가하고 1.0M LiPF6를 첨가하였다.
A positive electrode containing lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ) and a negative electrode containing carbon (graphite carbon) were laminated together with a separator to produce a laminate type lithium ion battery. 2% by weight of vinyl carbonate (VC), 3 kinds of ethylene sulfate-derived compounds (C 4 H 8 O 4 S, C (methyl ethyl ketone)) as an additive were added to a solvent in which ethylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate were mixed in a volume ratio of 3: 5 H 10 O 4 S, and C 6 H 12 O 4 S), 1 wt% of propane sultone, and 1.0M LiPF 6 was added.
전지의 성능 평가Battery performance evaluation
상기 비교예 및 실시예에서 제조된 전지에 대하여,With respect to the batteries manufactured in the above Comparative Examples and Examples,
상온(23℃) 및 저온(-30℃)에서 5초 동안, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 w 의 정출력을 인가하여 충전, 방전 출력을 측정하여 비교하였다.
Charging and discharging powers were measured and compared at constant currents of 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70 w for 5 s at room temperature (23 ° C) and low temperature (-30 ° C)
표1은 상온에서 충전 출력 test(Charge power(W) at 23℃)를, 표 2는 상온에서 방전 출력 test(Charge power(W) at 23℃)를, 표 3은 저온에서 충전 출력 test(Charge power(W) at -30℃)를, 표 4는 저온에서 방전 출력 test(Charge power(W) at -30℃)를 비교한 것이다.Table 1 shows the charging output test (Charge power (W) at 23 ℃) at room temperature, Table 2 shows the discharging output test (Charge power (W) power (W) at -30 ℃), and Table 4 compares discharge output test (Charge power (W) at -30 ℃) at low temperature.
State of charge(%)Compound
State of charge (%)
State of charge(%)Compound
State of charge (%)
State of charge(%)Compound
State of charge (%)
State of charge(%)Compound
State of charge (%)
상기 시험은 현재 HEV용 배터리에 첨가제로 사용중인 ESA를 기준으로 하여 새롭게 합성한 상기화합물 3종 (C4H8O4S,C5H10O4S, C6H12O4S)에 대하여 비교 test 한 것이다.The above tests were conducted on three newly synthesized compounds (C 4 H 8 O 4 S, C 5 H 10 O 4 S, and C 6 H 12 O 4 S) based on the ESA being used as an additive in current HEV batteries .
본 발명에 따른 비수 전해액을 사용한 경우 상온 및 저온 충방전 출력에서 우수한 특성을 보이고 있어 상온 및 저온 출력 면에서 기존 리튬이차전지에 사용중인 첨가제 물질에 비해 향상된 효과를 나타내었음을 확인할 수 있다. The nonaqueous electrolyte according to the present invention exhibits excellent characteristics at normal temperature and low temperature charge / discharge output, and thus shows an improved effect compared to the additive materials used in existing lithium secondary batteries at room temperature and low temperature output.
Claims (5)
[화학식 1]
n=0~3, R=CH3, CH(CH3)2 Lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and a compound represented by the following formula (1).
[Chemical Formula 1]
n = 0 ~ 3, R = CH 3, CH (CH 3) 2
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10270124B2 (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2019-04-23 | Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery |
| US10374231B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 | 2019-08-06 | Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery |
| US10381639B2 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2019-08-13 | Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery |
| US10454134B2 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2019-10-22 | Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery |
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2013
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10374231B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 | 2019-08-06 | Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery |
| US10270124B2 (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2019-04-23 | Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery |
| US10381639B2 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2019-08-13 | Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery |
| US10454134B2 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2019-10-22 | Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery |
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