KR20130062597A - Eco-friendly castable ceramic composition and the manufacturing method of castable ceramics - Google Patents

Eco-friendly castable ceramic composition and the manufacturing method of castable ceramics Download PDF

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KR20130062597A
KR20130062597A KR1020110128950A KR20110128950A KR20130062597A KR 20130062597 A KR20130062597 A KR 20130062597A KR 1020110128950 A KR1020110128950 A KR 1020110128950A KR 20110128950 A KR20110128950 A KR 20110128950A KR 20130062597 A KR20130062597 A KR 20130062597A
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weight
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castable
friendly
ceramic
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윤상옥
김태균
김윤한
이주식
이상훈
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주식회사 디엔텍
강릉원주대학교산학협력단
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/6303Inorganic additives
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/66Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/03Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
    • C04B35/04Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/48Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

PURPOSE: An environmentally-friendly cast table ceramic composition is provided to keep forming the strength by adding alumina cement as a binder and alkali-free glass powder as a sintering gradient material. CONSTITUTION: An environmentally-friendly cast table ceramic composition comprises 55-90 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 10-20 parts by weight of alumina cement, and 2-30 parts by weight of alkali-free glass powder. The ceramic powder is at least alumina, zirconia, and magnesia. The environmentally-friendly cast table ceramic composition comprises the following steps. 55-90 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 10-20 parts by weight of alumina cement, and 2-30 parts by weight of alkali-free glass powder are mixed to manufacture a mixture for a cast table ceramic composition. The mixture is mixed with water and carried out in a molding and forming process. The mixture is sintered. [Reference numerals] (AA) Combining agent; (BB) Alumina cement; (CC) Ceramic powder; (DD) Alumina, zirconia, magnesia; (EE) Sintering manufacture; (FF) Alkali-free glass powder; (GG) Dry mixing; (HH) Water; (II) Additive; (JJ) Water reducing agent, dispersant, defoaming agent; (KK) Slurry manufacturing; (LL) Injection molding; (MM) Hardening by hydration; (NN) Demolding; (OO) Drying; (PP) Sintering

Description

친환경 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물 및 이를 이용한 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스의 제조방법{Eco-friendly castable ceramic composition and the manufacturing method of castable ceramics}Eco-friendly castable ceramic composition and method of manufacturing environmentally-friendly castable ceramics using the same {Eco-friendly castable ceramic composition and the manufacturing method of castable ceramics}

본 발명은 복잡형상의 대형 세라믹스를 제조함에 있어서, 세라믹 분말에 알루미나 시멘트를 결합제로 사용하고, 무알카리 유리를 소결조제로 첨가한 조성물과, 상기 조성물을 물과 혼합하여 틀속에서 캐스터블 성형한 후, 치밀하게 소결할 수 있도록 하는 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물 및 상기 조성물을 이용한 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스의 제조방법에 관한 것이다. In the present invention, in the production of large-scale ceramics of complex shape, alumina cement is used as a binder in ceramic powder, and an alkali-free glass is added as a sintering aid, and the composition is mixed with water and castable in a mold. The present invention relates to an environment-friendly castable ceramic composition that can be densely sintered and a method for producing an environment-friendly castable ceramics using the composition.

이를 위하여 본 발명은 알루미나 시멘트를 결합제로 적당량 첨가하여 성형강도를 유지하고, 소결과정에서 휘발없이 반응시킴으로써 친환경적이며, 무알카리 유리분말을 소결조제로 적당량 첨가함으로써 치밀화를 증진시킨 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물 및 상기 조성물을 이용한 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스의 제조방법을 제공한다.To this end, the present invention is an environmentally-friendly castable ceramic composition which maintains the molding strength by adding an appropriate amount of alumina cement as a binder, and is environmentally friendly by reacting without volatilization in the sintering process, and by increasing the densification by adding an appropriate amount of alkali-free glass powder as a sintering aid and It provides a method for producing environmentally friendly castable ceramics using the composition.

세라믹스는 그 특성상 소결후에는 고강도와 취성으로 인해 가공에 의한 형상의 변화가 어려워 통상 성형공정에서 일정한 형상을 부여하는데, 이러한 성형공정으로서의 일반적인 방법은 가압성형(pressing), 주입성형(casting), 가소성성형(plastic forming) 및 테이프성형 (tape forming) 등이 있다.  Due to its characteristics, ceramics are hard to change shape due to high strength and brittleness after sintering. Therefore, ceramics are usually given a certain shape in the molding process. The general method of such molding process is pressing, casting, and plasticity. Plastic forming and tape forming.

이 중에서 주입성형(casting)은 세라믹 분말을 용매에 분산시켜 유동성 있는 현탁액을 제조하고, 이러한 현탁액을 석고 등의 틀속에 주입하여 용매 부분을 틀에 의해 흡수되도록 함으로써 경화의 방법에 의해 세라믹 성형체를 제조하는 방법이다. 그러나, 성형체 및 소결체의 밀도구배가 일어나지 않도록 현탁액을 바람직하게 분산하여야 하나, 이러한 분산조건의 제어가 어렵고, 따라서, 틀속에 주입된 이후에 현탁액에 분산된 분말이 중력에 의해 침강하며, 이러한 분말의 불균일 분산에 의하여 석고 등 틀속에서 현탁액의 상하부 위치에 따라 흡수율의 차이가 발생한다.Among them, casting is to prepare a flexible suspension by dispersing the ceramic powder in a solvent to prepare a fluid suspension, and injecting the suspension into a mold such as gypsum to absorb the solvent portion by the mold, thereby preparing a ceramic molded body by a curing method. That's how. However, the suspension should preferably be dispersed so that the density gradient of the molded body and the sintered body does not occur, but it is difficult to control such dispersion conditions, so that the powder dispersed in the suspension after being injected into the mold is settled by gravity, Due to the non-uniform dispersion, the difference in water absorption occurs depending on the upper and lower positions of the suspension in the framework such as gypsum.

이와 같이 불완전한 공정에 의해 제조된 성형체는 일정한 두께를 계획하고 성형하였음에도 불구하고, 성형체의 지점에 따른 두께의 차이가 발생하며, 국부적 밀도구배가 일어나 소성공정에서 균열과 변형의 원인이 되고 있다.Even though the molded article manufactured by the incomplete process is planned and molded, a thickness difference occurs according to the point of the molded article, and a local density gradient occurs, causing cracking and deformation in the firing process.

무엇보다도 점토(clay) 이외의 세라믹 분말은 성형한 이후에도 성형체의 강도가 약해 취급이 어려우므로, 일정한 성형강도를 유지하기 위하여 결합제를 사용하며, 이러한 결합제는 폴리비닐알코올(PVA) 등의 고분자가 주로 이용되는데, 이와 같은 고분자가 하소 또는 소결과정에서 분해 휘발되기는 하나, 하소 또는 소결조건의 제어가 원활치 아니하면, 급격한 분해 휘발에 의해 성형체 또는 소성체에 좋지 않은 영향을 주고, 더불어 분해 휘발되는 성분이 대기의 산소와 결합하여 이산화탄소를 생성하는 등 대기환경 오염이 문제가 되고 있다. Above all, ceramic powders other than clay are difficult to handle because of the low strength of the molded body even after molding, and a binder is used to maintain a constant molding strength, and the binder is mainly composed of a polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Although such a polymer is decomposed and volatilized in the calcination or sintering process, if the control of the calcination or sintering conditions is not smooth, the decomposition or volatilization adversely affects the molded body or the sintered body. Pollution of the atmospheric environment is becoming a problem such as the production of carbon dioxide by combining with oxygen in the atmosphere.

특히, 두께가 두껍고 크기가 큰 대형의 세라믹스를 제조하는데 있어서는 이러한 분산조건의 설정, 흡수율의 균일화, 성형체 밀도의 균일한 분산, 분해 휘발되는 결합제의 양적 제어 등이 훨씬 까다로와 제조상의 어려움이 따른다.In particular, in the manufacture of large-sized and large-sized ceramics, it is difficult to set such dispersion conditions, uniform absorption rate, uniform dispersion of molded body density, and quantitative control of decomposition volatilized binder. .

한편, 캐스터블은 "흘러들어갈 수 있는 유동성이 있다"는 뜻으로 모양이 일정하지 않은 부정형 내화물의 제조에 많이 사용되고 있으며, 이와 같은 부정형 내화물은 입도조절된 내화골재에 알루미나 시멘트 등의 결합제를 용도에 따라 10 ~ 30중량% 첨가하고 작업성과 경화시간을 조정하기 위하여 소량의 첨가제를 가하여 제조된다. 여기에 사용되는 결합제로는 알루미나 시멘트 외에도 인산 알루미늄, 규산소다 및 폴리머수지 등이 있다. 그러나, 이 경우에도 강도가 약하고 결합제에 포함된 성분인 인, 소다 등에 의한 용융변형과 폴리머수지의 분해 휘발 등의 문제가 여전히 있다.On the other hand, castables are used in the manufacture of irregularly shaped refractory materials that have a non-uniform shape, meaning "flowable fluidity", and such irregularly refractory materials include binders such as alumina cement in particle size controlled refractory aggregates. It is prepared by adding 10 to 30% by weight and adding a small amount of additive to adjust workability and curing time. Binders used herein include aluminum phosphate, sodium silicate and polymer resins in addition to alumina cement. However, even in this case, there are still problems such as melt deformation due to phosphorus, soda, etc., which are components included in the binder, and decomposition volatilization of the polymer resin.

아울러, 세라믹스는 각종 산업에 응용되는 핵심부재로 대형화 생산추세에 맞추어 대형화와 복잡형상화가 필요하나, 주입성형이 아닌 방법을 적용하는 경우에는 이를 위해 고가의 장비와 복잡한 공정을 요하였으며, 이는 곧 제조단가의 상승과도 연결되므로, 고가의 장비가 없이도 간단하고 효율적인 성형 방법이 절실히 요구되고 있다.In addition, ceramics are core components applied to various industries, and need to be enlarged and complicated in accordance with the trend of large-scale production, but in the case of applying a method other than injection molding, expensive equipment and complicated processes were required for this purpose. Since the unit price is also increased, a simple and efficient molding method is urgently required without expensive equipment.

따라서, 본 발명자들은 복잡형상의 대형 세라믹스를 제조함에 있어, 주입성형방법을 견지하되, 세라믹 분말, 예를 들어 알루미나, 지르코니아 그리고 마그네시아 분말에 알루미나 시멘트를 결합제로 사용하고, 무알카리 유리분말을 소결조제로 첨가하여 조성물을 제조하였고, 상기 조성물을 물과 혼합하여 틀속에서 캐스터블 성형한 후, 경화하고 소결하여 치밀한 세라믹스를 제조하는 실험을 시행한 결과, 본 발명에 이르렀다.Therefore, the inventors insist on the injection molding method in the production of complex large-scale ceramics, using alumina cement as a binder in ceramic powders, for example, alumina, zirconia and magnesia powder, and using an alkali-free glass powder as a sintering aid. The composition was prepared by adding the composition, and the composition was mixed with water, castable in a mold, and then cured and sintered to produce a dense ceramic.

본 발명은 전술한 바와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로서, 본 발명의 목적은 고분자 바인더 대신에 알루미나 시멘트를 결합제로 적당량 첨가하여 입도분리가 없으며 따라서 성형체의 밀도구배가 존재하지 않고, 경화에 의한 성형강도가 커서 대형성형체의 제조가 용이하며, 소결과정에서 휘발없이 반응시킴으로써 친환경적이고, 캐스터블 내화물과는 달리 무알카리 유리분말을 소결조제로 적당량 첨가함으로써 치밀화 및 강도를 증진시킨 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물 및 상기 조성물로부터 제조되는 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스의 제조방법을 제공하는 것이다.The present invention has been made to solve the problems as described above, the object of the present invention is to add an appropriate amount of alumina cement as a binder instead of a polymeric binder, there is no particle size separation and therefore there is no density gradient of the molded body, Large molding strength makes it easy to manufacture large molded products, eco-friendly by reacting without volatilization during sintering process. Unlike castable refractory materials, eco-friendly castable ceramic composition that enhances densification and strength by adding appropriate amount of alkali-free glass powder as sintering aid And it provides a method for producing environmentally friendly castable ceramics prepared from the composition.

본 발명은 전술한 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 경화에 의하여 형상화되는 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물에 있어서, 상기 조성물은 조성물 중량대비 세라믹 분말 55 내지 90 중량부와, 결합제로 알루미나 시멘트 10 내지 20중량부와, 소결조제로 무알카리 유리 2 내지 30중량부 첨가하여 제조되는 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물을 제공한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a castable ceramic composition shaped by curing, wherein the composition is 55 to 90 parts by weight of ceramic powder relative to the composition weight, 10 to 20 parts by weight of alumina cement as a binder, and sintered. It provides an environmentally friendly castable ceramic composition prepared by adding 2 to 30 parts by weight of an alkali free glass as a preparation.

상기 세라믹 분말은 알루미나, 지르코니아, 마그네시아중 적어도 어느 하나인 것이 바람직하다.The ceramic powder is preferably at least one of alumina, zirconia, and magnesia.

또한, 본 발명은 세라믹 분말 55 내지 90 중량부와, 결합제로 알루미나 시멘트 10 내지 20중량부와, 소결조제로 무알카리 유리 2 내지 30중량부를 혼합하여 캐스터블 세라믹 제조용 혼합물을 제조하는 단계; 상기 혼합물에 물을 가하여 일정형상이 되도록 성형하면서 경화하는 단계; 및 상기 경화된 혼합물을 소결하는 단계;를 포함하여 구성되는 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스의 제조방법을 제공한다.In addition, the present invention comprises the steps of preparing a mixture for producing a castable ceramic by mixing 55 to 90 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 10 to 20 parts by weight of alumina cement as a binder, and 2 to 30 parts by weight of alkali-free glass as a sintering aid; Hardening while adding water to the mixture to form a shape; And the step of sintering the cured mixture.

상기 셩형하면서 경화하는 단계에서는 캐스터블 세라믹스의 성형성을 개선하기 위하여 감수제, 분산제 및 소포제를 포함하는 첨가제를 상기 혼합물 100 중량부에 대하여 0.5 내지 5 중량부 첨가는 것이 바람직하다.In the step of hardening while being cured, it is preferable to add 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of an additive including a water reducing agent, a dispersant and an antifoaming agent to 100 parts by weight of the mixture in order to improve moldability of the castable ceramics.

상기 물을 가하는 단계에서는 물을 조성물 중량대비 22 내지 27중량부 가하는 것이 바람직하다.In the step of adding water, it is preferable to add water to 22 to 27 parts by weight based on the weight of the composition.

본 발명에 의한 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물 및 상기 조성물로부터 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스를 제조하는 방법은, 복잡형상의 대형 세라믹스를 제조함에 있어서, 성형과정에서 세라믹 분말에 알루미나 시멘트를 결합제로 사용하고 무알카리 유리분말을 소결조제로 첨가하여 조성물을 제조하고, 상기 조성물을 물과 혼합하여 틀속에서 캐스터블 성형한 후, 치밀하게 소결하여 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스를 제조할 수 있으므로, 저렴하고 간단한 공정에 의해 캐스터블 세라믹스를 제조할 수 있음은 물론, LCD등의 전자산업, 화학 및 철강산업 등의 첨단산업의 핵심부재 뿐만 아니라 침대 및 주방 테이블 등의 친환경 부재로 응용이 크게 기대된다. Eco-friendly castable ceramic composition according to the present invention and a method for producing environmentally-friendly castable ceramics from the composition, in the production of large-scale ceramics of complex shape, using alumina cement in the ceramic powder as a binder in the molding process and an alkali-free glass powder Is prepared as a sintering aid, and the composition is mixed with water, castable in a mold, and then compactly sintered to produce eco-friendly castable ceramics. Not only can it be manufactured, it is also expected to be applied as a key member of high-tech industries such as LCD, electronics, chemical and steel industries as well as eco-friendly members such as beds and kitchen tables.

도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 의한 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스의 제조공정도,
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 의한 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스의 X-선 회절분석 그래프,
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 의해 제조한 공정별 캐스터블 세라믹스의 사진이다.
1 is a manufacturing process diagram of the environment-friendly castable ceramics according to an embodiment of the present invention,
2 is an X-ray diffraction graph of an environmentally friendly castable ceramic according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a photograph of the castable ceramics for each process prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention.

이하에서는 첨부되는 도면과 바람직한 실시예를 기초로 본 발명을 보다 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

하기 실시예는 실시예일 뿐, 실시예에 의하여 본 발명이 한정해석되어서는 아니된다. The following examples are only examples, the present invention should not be limited by the examples.

본 발명에 의한 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물의 조성비는 구체적으로 세라믹 분말 55 내지 90 중량부와, 결합제로 알루미나 시멘트 10 내지 20중량부와, 소결조제로 무알카리 유리 2 내지 30중량부 첨가하여 혼합한 조성물이다.The composition ratio of the eco-friendly castable ceramic composition according to the present invention is a mixture of 55 to 90 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 10 to 20 parts by weight of alumina cement as a binder, and 2 to 30 parts by weight of alkali-free glass as a sintering aid. to be.

세라믹분말 55 중량부 이하 알루미나 시멘트 20중량부 이상 무알칼리 유리 30중량부 이상에서는 소결온도는 낮아지나, 강도특성에서 급격히 떨어지며, 세라믹 분말 90중량부 이상 무알칼리 분말 2중량부 이하에서는 소결성이 급격히 떨어져 소결밀도가 저하되며 기공율이 증가한다. 또한, 알루미나 시멘트 10 중량부 이하에서는 수화 경화 과정에서 충분한 성형강도를 확보하지 못하여 탈형시 저하된 성형강도에 의해 성형체가 손상되는 문제점이 있으므로, 위 성분들의 중량비는 그 임계적 의의가 있다.55 parts by weight of ceramic powder or less 20 parts by weight or more of alumina cement 30 parts by weight or more of alkali-free glass has a lower sintering temperature, but drops sharply in strength characteristics. The sinter density decreases and the porosity increases. In addition, less than 10 parts by weight of alumina cement, there is a problem that the molded body is damaged by the reduced molding strength when demolding due to failure to secure sufficient molding strength during the hydration curing process, the weight ratio of the above components have a critical significance.

본 발명의 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물은 알루미나(Al2O3), 지르코니아(ZrO2), 마그네시아(MgO) 등 점성이 없는 세라믹 분말에 수경성 결합제인 알루미나 시멘트(알루미나 함량 약 80중량%)를 적당량 첨가하고 치밀화를 위해 소결조제로 무알카리 유리(파이렉스유리, LCD유리 등) 분말을 적당량 첨가시킴으로써 이루어지는 혼합물이다. In the eco-friendly castable ceramic composition of the present invention, an appropriate amount of alumina cement (alumina content of about 80% by weight), which is a hydraulic binder, is added to a viscous ceramic powder such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), and magnesia (MgO). And an alkali free glass (pyrex glass, LCD glass, etc.) powder is added in an appropriate amount as a sintering aid for densification.

여기에서, 수경성 결합제는 알루미나 시멘트 이외에도 포틀랜드 등의 일반시멘트와 석고 등이 있으나, 본 발명은 친환경성을 강조하여 제안되는 것으로서, 함유된 불순물이나 원하지 않는 성분으로 인해 소결성과 강도등의 물성이 저하될 수 있으므로 목적에 따라 일부 사용이 가능하나 본 발명에서는 순도를 고려하여, 일반시멘트, 석고 등을 지양하고, 고순도 알루미나 시멘트를 사용하였다. Here, the hydraulic binders include gypsum and general cement, such as Portland, in addition to alumina cement, but the present invention is proposed to emphasize eco-friendliness, and physical properties such as sintering and strength may be reduced due to impurities or unwanted components. Because it can be used in part according to the purpose, but in the present invention, in consideration of purity, avoiding general cement, gypsum, etc., high purity alumina cement was used.

또한, 소결조제로 첨가한 유리분말의 경우 일반적인 창유리나 병유리 분말을 사용할 있으나, 알카리 성분을 다량 함유하고 있어 소결성과 강도 등의 물성이 저하될 수 있으므로 목적에 따라 일부 사용이 가능하나 본 발명에서는 조성이 균일하고 친환경적인 LCD 유리분말을 사용하였다. LCD 유리분말은 LCD 폐유리를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. LCD 폐유리는 폐유리이기는 하나, 순도면에서는 LCD 유리와 동일하며, 재생되지 않고 폐기되는 LCD 폐유리를 재활용한다는 측면에서도 친환경적이라고 할 수 있다. In addition, in the case of the glass powder added as a sintering aid, general window glass or bottle glass powder may be used, but since it contains a large amount of alkaline components, physical properties such as sintering and strength may be degraded, but some of the glass powder may be used depending on the purpose. LCD glass powder with uniform composition and eco-friendly was used. LCD glass powder is preferably used LCD waste glass. Although LCD waste glass is waste glass, it is the same as LCD glass in terms of purity, and it can be said to be environmentally friendly in terms of recycling LCD waste glass that is discarded without being recycled.

이와 같은 본 발명의 조성물은 도 1과 같은 간단하고 일반적인 방법에 의해 용이하게 캐스터블 세라믹스를 제조할 수 있다.Such a composition of the present invention can be easily produced castable ceramics by a simple and general method as shown in FIG.

먼저, 세라믹 분말 중 일 실시예로서 알루미나(Al2O3)를 결합제인 알루미나시멘트와 소결조제인 LCD 유리분말과 일정한 분율로 계량하고 알루미나 볼밀을 이용하여 건식으로 12시간동안 혼합과 분쇄하여 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물을 제조하였다. 이렇게 조합된 조성물을 물과 함께 혼합하여 유동성 있는 슬러리를 제조하고 일정모양의 플라스틱 틀에 부어 하루 정도 경화시킨 후 탈형하면 일정모양의 성형체가 만들어진다. 이때, 물의 양을 줄여 치밀한 성형체를 제조하기 위하여 분산제나 감수제를 소량 첨가할 필요가 있으며, 혼합시에 발생하는 기포를 제거하기 위하여 소포제를 소량 첨가하는 것이 바람직하다. 성형한 시편은 잔류수분을 증발시키기 위하여 120℃의 오븐에서 12시간 동안 건조시킨 후 전기로를 이용하여 1400 ~ 1625℃의 온도에서 2시간동안 소결하여 소결성을 평가하였다.First, as an example of ceramic powder, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) is weighed at a constant fraction with an alumina cement as a binder and an LCD glass powder as a sintering aid, and mixed and pulverized for 12 hours using an alumina ball mill and castable. Ceramic compositions were prepared. The combined composition is mixed with water to prepare a fluid slurry, poured into a plastic mold, and cured for about one day, and then demolded to form a molded body. At this time, it is necessary to add a small amount of a dispersant or a water reducing agent in order to reduce the amount of water to produce a compact molded body, it is preferable to add a small amount of antifoaming agent in order to remove bubbles generated during mixing. The molded specimens were dried in an oven at 120 ° C. for 12 hours to evaporate residual moisture, and then sintered at an temperature of 1400 to 1625 ° C. for 2 hours using an electric furnace to evaluate sinterability.

본 발명은 전술한 바와 같이, 고분자 바인더 대신에 알루미나 시멘트를 결합제로 적당량 첨가하여 입도분리가 없으며 따라서 성형체의 밀도구배가 존재하지 않고, 경화에 의한 성형강도가 커서 대형성형체의 제조가 용이하며, 소결과정에서 휘발없이 반응시킴으로써 친환경적이고, 캐스터블 내화물과는 달리 무알카리 유리분말을 소결조제로 적당량 첨가함으로써 치밀화 및 강도를 증진시킨 발명이다.As described above, the alumina cement is added as a binder instead of the polymer binder in an appropriate amount so that there is no particle size separation. Therefore, the density gradient of the molded body does not exist, and the molding strength due to curing is easy to manufacture a large molded product. In the process, it is eco-friendly by reacting without volatilization, and unlike castable refractory materials, it is an invention that enhances densification and strength by adding an appropriate amount of alkali-free glass powder as a sintering aid.

이는, 캐스터블 세라믹스 혼합물 제조시 첫째, 결합제로 알루미나 시멘트를 사용함에 따라 고점도로 인한 침강의 분리가 최소화되며, 둘째, 주입성형 후, 수화경화되는 시간이 짧기 때문에 혼합물의 침강이 적다. 따라서, 이에 성형체의 밀도구배가 존재하지 않는다. 일반 주입성형 성형에서는 가교제로서 바인더가 들어가며, 이러한 바인더는 그 자체로는 수화경화의 역할이 없고, 바인더의 건조속도와 알루미나 시멘트의 수화경화속도를 비교하였을 때, 후자의 경우 더 빠르기 때문에 혼합물의 침강이 적은 것이다.This is because in the preparation of the castable ceramic mixture, first, the sedimentation of sedimentation due to high viscosity is minimized by using alumina cement as a binder, and second, the sedimentation of the mixture is less because of the short time of hydration curing after injection molding. Therefore, there is no density gradient of the molded body. In general injection molding, a binder is used as a crosslinking agent, and the binder itself does not have a role of hydration hardening, and the latter settles the mixture because it is faster in the latter case when the drying rate of the binder is compared with that of the alumina cement. This is less.

<실시예><Examples>

세라믹 분말은 순도가 99%이상인 알루미나(Al2O3), 지르코니아(ZrO2)와 마그네시아(MgO)를 결합제인 알루미나시멘트(유니온시멘트, UAC80N)와 소결조제인 LCD 유리분말(코닝유리, 이글글래스)과 표 1과 표 2에서 나타내는 바와 같이 각각 일정한 분율로 계량하고 알루미나 볼밀을 이용하여 건식으로 12시간 동안 혼합과 분쇄하여 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물을 제조하였다.Ceramic powder is composed of alumina cement (union cement, UAC80N), which combines alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ) and magnesia (MgO) with a purity of 99% or higher, and LCD glass powder (corning glass, eagle glass) ) And Table 1 and Table 2, respectively, were weighed at a constant fraction, and mixed and ground for 12 hours by dry using an alumina ball mill to prepare a castable ceramic composition.

제조한 조성물의 소결성을 평가하기 위하여 직경이 15mm인 원형 금속몰드에서 100MPa의 압력으로 원판형으로 성형하고 전기로를 이용하여 1400 ~ 1625℃의 온도에서 2시간동안 소결한 후, 소결밀도와 기공율을 아르키메데스법을 이용하여 측정하였다.In order to evaluate the sinterability of the prepared composition, a circular metal mold having a diameter of 15 mm was formed into a disc at a pressure of 100 MPa and sintered at an electric furnace for 1 hour at a temperature of 1400 to 1625 ° C., followed by Archimedes It was measured using the method.

측정 결과는 표 1과 표 2에서 나타낸 바와 같다.The measurement results are as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

또한, 조성물의 캐스터블 특성을 알아보기 위해 물과 함께 혼합하여 유동성 있는 슬러리를 제조하고 사각모양의 플라스틱 용기에 부어 하루 정도 경화시킨 후 탈형하여 직육면체 형상의 성형체를 만들었다. 이때, 물의 양을 줄이고 유동성을 증진시키기 위해 분산제(한국산노프코5468CF)를 조성물의 0.5 내지 1중량% 정도 첨가하였으며, 혼합시에 발생하는 기포를 제거하기 위하여 소포제(한국산노프코 SN485)를 조성물의 0.5 내지 1중량% 정도를 첨가하여 제조하였다. In addition, in order to determine the castable properties of the composition, a fluid slurry was prepared by mixing with water, poured into a rectangular plastic container, cured for about one day, and demolded to form a rectangular parallelepiped shaped body. At this time, 0.5 to 1% by weight of the dispersant (Noffco Korea 568CF) was added to the composition to reduce the amount of water and improve fluidity, and an antifoaming agent (Novco SN485) was added to the composition to remove bubbles generated during mixing. It was prepared by adding about 0.5 to 1% by weight.

성형한 시편은 잔류수분을 증발시키기 위하여 120℃의 오븐에서 12시간 동안 건조시킨 후 전기로를 이용하여 1400 ~ 1625℃의 온도에서 2시간 동안 소결하여 소결상태를 평가하였다.The molded specimens were dried in an oven at 120 ° C. for 12 hours in order to evaporate residual moisture, and then sintered at 1400 to 1625 ° C. for 2 hours using an electric furnace to evaluate the sintered state.

알루미나 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물의 특성 Properties of Alumina Castable Ceramic Compositions 번호
number
알루미나시멘트(wt%)
Alumina Cement (wt%)
유리분말 (wt%)
Glass powder (wt%)
알루미나
(wt%)
Alumina
(wt%)
소결온도
(℃)
Sintering temperature
(℃)
상대밀도
(%)
Relative density
(%)
기공율
(%)
Porosity
(%)
비고
Remarks
실시예1
Example 1
10
10
0
0
90
90
1625
1625
91.0
91.0
6.0
6.0
실시예2
Example 2
10
10
2
2
88
88
1600
1600
99.4
99.4
0.5
0.5
실시예3
Example 3
10
10
3
3
87
87
1600
1600
99.5
99.5
0.3
0.3
실시예4
Example 4
10
10
4
4
86
86
1600
1600
99.3
99.3
0.5
0.5
실시예5
Example 5
10
10
5
5
85
85
1550
1550
96.2
96.2
0.6
0.6
실시예6
Example 6
15
15
0
0
85
85
1550
1550
82.9
82.9
12.5
12.5
실시예7
Example 7
15
15
5
5
80
80
1550
1550
96.9
96.9
0.5
0.5
실시예8
Example 8
15
15
10
10
75
75
1550
1550
95.2
95.2
0.7
0.7
실시예9
Example 9
15
15
20
20
65
65
1450
1450
94.8
94.8
0.8
0.8
실시예10
Example 10
15
15
30
30
55
55
1400
1400
92.0
92.0
0.6
0.6
실시예11
Example 11
20
20
5
5
75
75
1550
1550
95.6
95.6
0.3
0.3

표 1에 나타낸 알루미나 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물의 특성을 살펴보면, 소결조제인 유리분말은 소량만 첨가하여도 소결성을 급격히 증진시켜 소결밀도가 증가하고 기공율은 감소하며, 소결온도가 낮아짐을 알 수 있다. 그러나, 유리분말을 다량 첨가할 경우 소결과정에서 다량의 액상이 형성되어 치밀화는 촉진되나 소결후 액상의 개재와 아노사이트(CaAl2Si2O8)의 형성으로 인해 밀도와 강도를 저하시키므로 10중량부 이내로 사용하는 것이 바람직함을 알 수 있었다. 다만, 아노사이트가 어느 정도 형성되는 것까지는 허용되며, 상용화 가능 수준은 유리분말을 조성물 중량대비 2 ~ 30중량부의 범위로 첨가할 수 있는 것이다. Looking at the properties of the alumina castable ceramic composition shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the glass powder as a sintering aid sharply improves the sinterability even by adding a small amount, thereby increasing the sintering density, decreasing the porosity, and lowering the sintering temperature. However, when a large amount of glass powder is added, a large amount of liquid is formed during the sintering process, thereby facilitating densification, but after sintering, the density and strength are reduced due to the inclusion of anosite (CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 ) and the formation of anosite. It was found that it is preferable to use within a part. However, ananosite It is allowed to be formed to some extent, and the level of commercialization is that the glass powder can be added in the range of 2 to 30 parts by weight based on the weight of the composition.

한편, 결합제인 알루미나 시멘트는 오로지 성형강도를 유지하기 위한 결합제로 소결특성을 크게 저하시키지는 않지만 기본소재에 불순물로 작용하여 칼슘알루미네이트(CaAl12O19)를 형성함으로서 강도등의 특성을 저하시킬 수 있으므로 가급적 함량을 15중량부 이내로 줄이는 것이 바람직하다. 전술한 아노사이트와 마찬가지로, 칼슘알루미네이트가 어느 정도까지는 형성되는 것이 허용되며, 상용화 가능 수준은 알루미나 시멘트를 조성물 중량대비 10 ~ 20 중량부의 범위로 첨가할 수 있는 것이다. On the other hand, alumina cement as a binder is only a binder for maintaining the molding strength, but does not significantly reduce the sintering characteristics, but acts as an impurity to the base material to form calcium aluminate (CaAl 12 O 19 ), thereby reducing the characteristics such as strength. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the content to within 15 parts by weight. Like the above anosite, calcium aluminate is allowed to be formed to some extent, and the level of commercialization is that alumina cement can be added in the range of 10 to 20 parts by weight based on the weight of the composition.

지르코니아 및 마그네시아 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물의 특성Properties of Zirconia and Magnesia Castable Ceramic Compositions 번호
number
알루미나시멘트
(wt%)
Alumina cement
(wt%)
유리분말 (wt%)
Glass powder (wt%)
지르코니아(wt%)
Zirconia (wt%)
마그네시아(wt%)
Magnesia (wt%)
소결온도(℃)
Sintering temperature (℃)
상대밀도
(%)
Relative density
(%)
기공율
(%)
Porosity
(%)
비고
Remarks
실시예12
Example 12
15
15
0
0
85
85
0
0
1450
1450
91.9
91.9
4.1
4.1
실시예13
Example 13
15
15
5
5
80
80
0
0
1450
1450
98.5
98.5
0.3
0.3
실시예14
Example 14
15
15
10
10
75
75
0
0
1450
1450
97.2
97.2
0.4
0.4
실시예15
Example 15
15
15
20
20
65
65
0
0
1400
1400
96.6
96.6
0.4
0.4
실시예16
Example 16
15
15
0
0
0
0
85
85
1500
1500
91.4
91.4
3.3
3.3
실시예17
Example 17
15
15
5
5
0
0
80
80
1500
1500
95.2
95.2
0.7
0.7
실시예18
Example 18
15
15
10
10
0
0
75
75
1450
1450
96.9
96.9
0.4
0.4

표 2에 나타낸 지르코니아 및 마그네시아 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물의 특성을 살펴보면, 소결조제인 유리분말을 첨가함에 따라 소결성을 급격히 증진시켜 소결밀도가 증가하고 기공율은 감소하며, 소결온도가 낮아짐을 알 수 있다. 그러나, 유리분말을 다량 첨가할 경우 소결과정에서 액상의 생성으로 치밀화는 촉진되나 소결 후 액상의 개재와 지르코니아의 상변태로 인해 밀도와 강도를 저하시키므로 10중량부 이내로 사용하는 것이 바람직함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 전술한 바와 같이, 어느 정도의 액상과 상변태된 지르코니아의 양은 허용될 수 있으므로, 유리분말을 조성물 중량대비 2 ~ 30중량부의 범위로 첨가할 수 있는 것이다. Looking at the properties of the zirconia and magnesia castable ceramic composition shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the addition of glass powder, a sintering aid, to sharply improve the sintering properties to increase the sintering density, decrease the porosity, and lower the sintering temperature. However, when a large amount of glass powder is added, densification is promoted due to the formation of a liquid phase in the sintering process, but the density and strength are reduced due to the intercalation of the liquid phase and the phase transformation of zirconia after sintering. . However, as described above, the amount of the liquid and phase transformation of zirconia may be acceptable, so that the glass powder may be added in the range of 2 to 30 parts by weight based on the weight of the composition.

한편, 도 2의 X-선 회절분석 결과에서 알 수 있는 바와 같이, 마그네시아의 경우 소결과정에서 결합제인 알루미나 시멘트와 반응하여 스핀넬(MgAl2O3)을 형성함을 알 수 있었다. On the other hand, as can be seen in the X-ray diffraction analysis of FIG. 2, it can be seen that in the case of magnesia, spinel (MgAl 2 O 3 ) is formed by reacting with alumina cement as a binder during the sintering process.

이러한 결과를 바탕으로 실시예7과 실시예13에 대한 휨강도를 측정한 결과 각각 330Mpa와 380Mpa로 본 발명의 조성물에서 우수한 강도특성이 발현됨을 알 수 있었다. Based on these results, the bending strengths of Examples 7 and 13 were measured. As a result, it was found that excellent strength characteristics were expressed in the composition of the present invention at 330 Mpa and 380 Mpa, respectively.

본 발명에 의한 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물의 캐스터블 성형과 소성특성을 평가하기 위한 실험을 통하여 물의 함량이 많으면 내부에 기공이 형성되고 경화후 잔류수분이 많으면 소결과정에서 균열이 일어남을 알 수 있었다. Through experiments for evaluating castable molding and firing characteristics of the environment-friendly castable ceramic composition according to the present invention, if the water content is large, pores are formed therein, and if the residual moisture is high after curing, cracking occurs during the sintering process.

따라서, 도 1에 나타낸 공정에 따라 조성물을 잘 혼합하여 균질화하고 분산제, 감수제 및 소포제 등 첨가제를 적당량 첨가하여 물의 양을 최소화하며, 수화 경화 후 건조과정을 통하여 잔류수분을 제거하고 소성을 하면 도 4에서 보여주는 바와 같은 치밀하고 우수한 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스를 제조할 수 있다.Therefore, the composition is well mixed and homogenized according to the process shown in FIG. 1 to minimize the amount of water by adding an appropriate amount of additives such as a dispersing agent, a water reducing agent, and an antifoaming agent, and after removing the residual moisture through a drying process after hydration curing and baking, It is possible to produce a dense and excellent environmentally-friendly castable ceramics as shown in.

세라믹 혼합물 100중량부에 물의 함량이 27% 중량부 이상이면, 내부에 기공이 형성되며, 경화 후 내부에 잔류수분이 많이 잔존해 건조시간이 오래걸리며, 소성시 깨짐 등에 영향을 받을 수 있다. 또한 물이 함량이 22% 중량부 이하이면, 혼합시 세라믹 혼합물과 물의 혼합에 용이하지 않다.
If the water content is 27% by weight or more in 100 parts by weight of the ceramic mixture, pores are formed in the interior, and a lot of residual moisture remains in the interior after curing, which may take a long time to dry and may be affected by cracking during firing. In addition, if the water content is 22% by weight or less, it is not easy to mix the ceramic mixture and water at the time of mixing.

이상과 같이 본 발명을 바람직한 실시예를 기초로 설명하였으나, 이는 실시예일 뿐, 상기 실시예로 인해 본 발명의 보호범위가 한정되는 것으로 해석되어서는 아니되며, 본 발명의 보호범위는 특허청구범위의 해석에 의하여야 할 것이다.As described above, the present invention has been described based on the preferred embodiments, which are only examples, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the above embodiments, and the protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. It must be interpreted.

Claims (5)

경화에 의하여 형상화되는 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물에 있어서,
상기 조성물은 조성물 중량대비 세라믹 분말 55 내지 90 중량부와, 결합제로 알루미나 시멘트 10 내지 20중량부와, 소결조제로 무알카리 유리 2 내지 30중량부 첨가하여 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물.
In the castable ceramic composition shaped by curing,
The composition is an environmentally-friendly castable ceramic composition, characterized in that prepared by adding 55 to 90 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 10 to 20 parts by weight of alumina cement as a binder, and 2 to 30 parts by weight of alkali-free glass as a sintering aid. .
제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 세라믹 분말은 알루미나, 지르코니아, 마그네시아중 적어도 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹 조성물.
The method of claim 1,
The ceramic powder is an environmentally friendly castable ceramic composition, characterized in that at least one of alumina, zirconia, magnesia.
세라믹 분말 55 내지 90 중량부와, 결합제로 알루미나 시멘트 10 내지 20중량부와, 소결조제로 무알카리 유리 2 내지 30중량부를 혼합하여 캐스터블 세라믹 제조용 혼합물을 제조하는 단계;
상기 혼합물에 물을 가하여 일정형상이 되도록 성형하면서 경화하는 단계; 및
상기 경화된 혼합물을 소결하는 단계;
를 포함하여 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스의 제조방법.
Preparing a mixture for preparing castable ceramics by mixing 55 to 90 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 10 to 20 parts by weight of alumina cement as a binder, and 2 to 30 parts by weight of alkali-free glass with a sintering aid;
Hardening while adding water to the mixture to form a shape; And
Sintering the cured mixture;
Manufacturing method of eco-friendly castable ceramics, characterized in that comprising a.
제 3 항에 있어서,
상기 성형하면서 경화하는 단계에서는 캐스터블 세라믹스의 성형성을 개선하기 위하여 감수제, 분산제 및 소포제를 포함하는 첨가제를 상기 혼합물 100 중량부에 대하여 0.5 내지 5 중량부 첨가는 것을 특징으로 하는 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스의 제조방법.
The method of claim 3, wherein
In the curing and curing step, 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of an additive including a reducing agent, a dispersant, and an antifoaming agent is added to 100 parts by weight of the mixture to improve moldability of the castable ceramics. Manufacturing method.
제 3 항에 있어서,
상기 물을 가하는 단계에서는 물을 조성물 중량대비 22 내지 27중량부 가하는 것을 특징으로 하는 친환경 캐스터블 세라믹스의 제조방법.
The method of claim 3, wherein
In the step of adding water, the method of producing eco-friendly castable ceramics, characterized in that the water is added 22 to 27 parts by weight based on the weight of the composition.
KR1020110128950A 2011-12-05 2011-12-05 Eco-friendly castable ceramic composition and the manufacturing method of castable ceramics KR20130062597A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103786737A (en) * 2014-02-19 2014-05-14 常州市百亿达尔轨道客车配件有限公司 Train wallboard and machining technology thereof
KR102246683B1 (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-30 주식회사 위드엠텍 Manufacturing Method of Basic Flux for Steelmaking and Basic Flux Manufactured by the Method)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103786737A (en) * 2014-02-19 2014-05-14 常州市百亿达尔轨道客车配件有限公司 Train wallboard and machining technology thereof
CN103786737B (en) * 2014-02-19 2016-08-17 常州市百亿达尔轨道客车配件有限公司 train wallboard and processing technique thereof
KR102246683B1 (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-30 주식회사 위드엠텍 Manufacturing Method of Basic Flux for Steelmaking and Basic Flux Manufactured by the Method)

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