KR20100117459A - Dye-sensitized solar cells including multi plastic layers - Google Patents

Dye-sensitized solar cells including multi plastic layers Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20100117459A
KR20100117459A KR1020090036236A KR20090036236A KR20100117459A KR 20100117459 A KR20100117459 A KR 20100117459A KR 1020090036236 A KR1020090036236 A KR 1020090036236A KR 20090036236 A KR20090036236 A KR 20090036236A KR 20100117459 A KR20100117459 A KR 20100117459A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
resin layer
resin
dye
sensitized solar
solar cell
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Application number
KR1020090036236A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
강만구
박헌균
윤호경
전용석
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한국전자통신연구원
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Priority to KR1020090036236A priority Critical patent/KR20100117459A/en
Publication of KR20100117459A publication Critical patent/KR20100117459A/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
    • H01G9/2077—Sealing arrangements, e.g. to prevent the leakage of the electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A dye-sensitized solar cell having a partition wall composed of a plurality of resin layers is disclosed. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention includes a semiconductor electrode, an opposite electrode, and an electrolyte solution interposed therebetween. In order to seal the electrolyte solution between the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode, a partition wall composed of a plurality of resin layers is formed between the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode.

Description

Dye-sensitized solar cells including multi plastic layers

The present invention relates to a solar cell, and more particularly, to a dye-sensitized solar cell having a partition wall for effectively sealing an electrolyte between a semiconductor electrode and an opposite electrode.

Due to the deregulation of carbon dioxide emissions and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, interest and efforts in the solar cell sector to use solar energy as electrical energy using semiconductors are increasing due to rising energy prices.

Dye-sensitized solar cells, unlike conventional silicon solar cells by pn junctions, are photosensitive dye molecules capable of absorbing visible light and generating electron-hole pairs, and transferring the generated electrons. It is a photoelectrochemical solar cell using a transition metal oxide as a main constituent material.

Representative examples of the dye-sensitized solar cells known to date include a photoelectrochemical solar cell composed of a nanoparticle oxide semiconductor electrode, an opposite electrode, a dye molecule coated on the semiconductor electrode, and an oxidation / reduction electrolyte. Here, the dye molecules serve to absorb visible light to generate electron-hole pairs, and the nanoparticle oxide semiconductor electrode serves to transfer generated electrons. The dye-sensitized solar cell configured as described above has been attracting attention because it has a possibility of replacing the silicon solar cell due to the advantage that the manufacturing cost is lower than the conventional silicon solar cell. However, in the conventional dye-sensitized solar cell, the liquid electrolyte present between the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode may leak out due to environmental changes such as temperature, wind, rain, snow, etc. There is a problem that the sealing function of the electrolyte is not maintained for a long time. Accordingly, the life of the solar cell is reduced, causing a fatal problem in durability, and efforts to secure long-term stability of the Tae-ang battery have been concentrated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, by effectively sealing an electrolyte filled between a semiconductor electrode and an opposite electrode, and preventing the electrolyte of the liquid component from leaking to the outside. It is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell that can secure long-term stability.

In order to achieve the above object, the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention is a semiconductor electrode, the counter electrode, an electrolyte solution interposed between the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode, the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode and And a partition wall formed of a plurality of resin layers formed between the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode in order to seal the electrolyte solution therebetween.

The plurality of resin layers may include an innermost resin layer in contact with an electrolyte solution, an outermost resin layer in contact with the outside, and an intermediate resin layer interposed between the innermost resin layer and the outermost resin layer. .

The innermost resin layer, the outermost resin layer, and the intermediate resin layer may each be made of different materials.

The innermost resin layer, the outermost resin layer, and the intermediate resin layer may each be made of a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, or an ultraviolet curable resin.

The plurality of resin layers may include a resin layer to which an inorganic oxide is added.

The dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention includes a partition wall composed of a plurality of resin layers. By sealing the electrolyte solution filled between the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the partition wall formed of the plurality of resin layers, it is possible to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell with remarkably improved durability and long-term safety in a low-cost manufacturing process, The reduction in energy change efficiency can be significantly reduced.

In particular, the innermost resin layer in contact with the electrolyte solution in the plurality of resin layers constituting the partition wall is formed of a resin having excellent chemical resistance to improve the resistance characteristics against chemical erosion of the electrolyte solution, the outermost contact with the outside The resin layer may be formed of a resin having excellent resistance to external moisture or air penetration, thereby preventing external air or moisture from penetrating into the dye-sensitized solar cell, thereby removing the cause of decreasing energy conversion efficiency. In addition, the intermediate resin layer between the innermost resin layer and the outermost resin layer may be formed using a resin having excellent adhesion so as to bond them between the anode and the cathode, thereby improving adhesion between the two electrodes. . Accordingly, the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention may have improved long-term stability and improved durability compared to the solar cell according to the prior art.

Next, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Embodiments of the invention may be modified in various forms, the scope of the invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described below. Embodiments of the present invention are provided to more fully illustrate the present invention. Where a film is described herein as being "on" another film or substrate, the film may be directly on top of the other film or substrate, with a third other film interposed therebetween. In the accompanying drawings, the thicknesses and sizes of the films and regions are exaggerated for clarity. Accordingly, the invention is not limited by the relative size or spacing shown in the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals in the accompanying drawings refer to like elements.

1 is a view schematically showing the configuration of a dye-sensitized solar cell 100 according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 according to the present invention includes a semiconductor electrode 10, a counter electrode 30, and an electrolyte solution 20 filled therebetween.

The semiconductor electrode 10 includes a first substrate 12, a first conductive thin film 14 coated on the first substrate 12, and a nanoparticle semiconductor oxide formed on the first conductive thin film 14. The thin film 16 and the dye molecule layer 18 adsorb | sucked on the surface of the said nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film 16 are included.

The first substrate 12 may be made of glass, polymer, or metal. The first conductive thin film 14 may be made of indium tin oxide (ITO) or SnO 2 . The nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film 16 may be made of nanoparticle titanium dioxide having a size of about 5 to 30 nm. In addition, the nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film 16 preferably has a thickness of about 10 to 30 ㎛. The dye molecule layer 18 may be made of a ruthenium complex.

The counter electrode 30 includes a second substrate 32, a second conductive thin film 34 coated on the second substrate 32, and a counter electrode thin film 36 formed on the second conductive thin film 34. ). The second substrate 32 may be made of glass, polymer, or metal. The second conductive thin film 34 may be made of ITO or SnO 2 . The counter electrode thin film 36 may be made of platinum or carbon. The counter electrode thin film 36 is disposed to face the nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film 16 of the semiconductor electrode 10.

The electrolyte solution 20 filled in the space between the semiconductor electrode 10 and the counter electrode 30 is, for example, 0.8 M 1,2-dimethyl-3-octyl-imidazolium iodide. (1,2-dimethyl-3-octyl -imidazolium iodide) and 40 mM of I 2 (iodine) with I 3, dissolved in 3-methoxy propionitrile (3-methoxypropionitrile) - / I - electrolyte solution made of Can be. Instead of 3-methoxypropionitrile as a liquid solvent, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) -based polymer or a copolymer thereof may be replaced with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone: Gel polymer electrolyte obtained by dissolving in NMP) or 3-methoxypropionitrile (MP) solvent.

In order to seal the electrolyte solution 20 between the semiconductor electrode 10 and the counter electrode 30, a plurality of resin layers 40-40 are disposed between the semiconductor electrode 10 and the counter electrode 30. The partition 40 containing 1, 40-2, ..., 40-N (N is a natural number of 3-10) is formed.

2 is an exemplary plan view of a partition wall 40 formed over the semiconductor electrode 10.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the partition wall 40 has a rectangular loop shape surrounding the nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film 16 and the dye molecule layer 18 adsorbed thereon on the semiconductor electrode 10. Can be made. However, the configuration of FIG. 2 is merely an example, and the partition wall 40 may be formed to have various shapes according to the shape of the desired dye-sensitized solar cell.

The plurality of resin layers 40-1, 40-2,..., 40 -N constituting the partition 40 may be made of a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, or an ultraviolet curable resin, respectively. As the thermoplastic resin, for example, acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, vinylacetyl resin, methyl methacryl resin, polystyrene resin, polyethylene resin, polyamide resin, celluloid resin and the like can be used. As said thermosetting resin, a phenol resin, a urea resin, a melanin resin, an alkyd resin, a polyester resin, a silicone resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a frans resin, etc. can be used, for example. As said ultraviolet curing resin, acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, etc. can be used, for example.

In particular, the plurality of resin layers 40-1, 40-2,..., 40 -N may be made of different materials.

For example, the innermost resin layer 40-1 in contact with the electrolyte solution 20 in the plurality of resin layers 40-1, 40-2,..., 40 -N is an electrolyte solution 20. It may be made of a resin having excellent chemical resistance properties in order to eliminate the possibility of chemical corrosion that may be caused by. For example, the innermost resin layer 40-1 may be made of polyethylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, or the like having excellent chemical resistance. In addition, the innermost resin layer 40-1 may be formed of a single resin layer having excellent chemical resistance, and may be composed of a multilayer formed of a plurality of resin layers made of different materials having excellent chemical resistance, if necessary. It may be.

The outermost resin layer 40 -N in contact with the outside may be made of a resin having excellent resistance to penetration of moisture and air so as to prevent external moisture or air from penetrating into the dye-sensitized solar cell 100. . For example, the outermost resin layer 40 -N may be made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride resin, or the like having excellent resistance to external moisture or air penetration. In addition, the outermost resin layer 40-N may be formed of a single resin layer having excellent resistance to external moisture or air infiltration, and, if necessary, have excellent resistance to external moisture or air infiltration. It may be composed of multiple layers made of a plurality of resin layers made of different materials.

The intermediate resin layers 40-2, 40-3, ..., 40- (N-1) resumed between the innermost resin layer 40-1 and the outermost resin layer 40-N. It may be made of a resin having excellent adhesion to the semiconductor electrode 10 and the counter electrode 30. For example, the intermediate resin layers 40-2, 40-3, ..., 40- (N-1) may be made of epoxy resin, urea resin, or the like having excellent adhesion. The intermediate resin layers 40-2, 40-3, ..., 40- (N-1) may be made of a single resin layer having excellent adhesion, and may be made of different materials having excellent adhesion as necessary. It may be composed of multiple layers consisting of a plurality of resin layers.

For example, the partition 40 includes an innermost resin layer made of a polyethylene resin layer, an outermost resin layer made of a polyethylene terephthalate resin layer, and an intermediate resin layer made of an epoxy resin layer interposed therebetween. It may have a triple layer structure. Alternatively, the partition wall 40 includes an innermost resin layer having a double layer structure including a polyethylene resin layer and a polyvinyl chloride resin layer, an outermost resin layer composed of a polyethylene terephthalate resin layer, and an epoxy resin layer interposed therebetween. It can have a quadruple structure comprised of the intermediate resin layer which consists of.

In addition, at least one resin layer of the plurality of resin layers 40-1, 40-2,..., 40 -N may be formed of TiO 2 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O to improve its mechanical strength and chemical resistance. It may consist of resin to which inorganic oxides, such as 3 , were added.

Next, an exemplary manufacturing method of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention will be described.

In order to manufacture the semiconductor electrode 10 which is a cathode, first, a first conductive thin film 14 made of ITO or SnO 2 is coated on the first substrate 12. Thereafter, a printing paste including nanoparticle titanium dioxide having a size of about 20 nm is coated on the first conductive thin film 14 to a thickness of about 100 μm, and then heated at a temperature of about 450 to 550 ° C. for 30 minutes. A nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film 16 composed of a titanium dioxide thin film coating layer of about 10 to 20 μm is formed. The first substrate 12 coated with the nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film 16 is immersed in an ethanol solution containing 0.1 mM ruthenium complex for at least 24 hours to coat a dye on the surface of the nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film 16. The molecular layer 18 is formed to complete the semiconductor electrode 10 as a cathode.

In order to form the opposite electrode 30 as an anode, first, a second conductive thin film 34 made of ITO or SnO 2 is coated on the second substrate 32. Thereafter, an isopropyl alcohol solution containing about 5 mM of platinum ions is coated on the second conductive thin film 34, and the resultant is heated to about 450 to 550 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a counter electrode thin film (36). ) Complete the coated anode.

Thereafter, in order to assemble the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the semiconductor electrode 10 is placed so that the nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film 16 of the semiconductor electrode 10 faces upward, and then the surface of both surfaces of the first substrate 10 is placed. The first conductive thin film 14 on the edge side where the nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film 16 and the dye molecule layer 18 adsorbed thereon are not formed on the surface of the nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film 16 coated thereon. The innermost resin layer 40-1 is coated thereon with a thickness of about 1 μm to 4 mm and a thickness of about 50 to 200 μm. Thereafter, the desired number of intermediate resin layers 40-2, 40-3, ..., 40- (N-1) is adjacent to the outer wall of the innermost resin layer 40-1. After coating in order of 4 mm width and thickness of about 50-200 μm, the outermost side wall was coated with outermost resin layer 40-N in a thickness of about 1 μm-4 mm and a thickness of about 50-200 μm The partition 40 which consists of resin layers 40-1, 40-2, ..., 40-N of the said is formed.

The partition 40 and the nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film 16 formed of the plurality of resin layers 40-1, 40-2,..., 40 -N formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor electrode 10, and the The semiconductor electrode 10 and the counter electrode 30 are aligned such that the counter electrode thin film 36 of the counter electrode 30 faces each other. At this time, the plurality of resin layers 40-1, 40-2,..., 40 -N are placed between the anode and the cathode. In this state, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are strongly adhered to each other by bringing the positive electrode and the negative electrode into close contact with each other at about 1 to 3 atm on a heating plate of about 100 to 140 ° C. or by irradiating ultraviolet light for about 10 minutes. After the two electrodes are attached, the electrolyte solution 20 is filled in the space between the two electrodes through the fine holes 22 formed in the counter electrode 30. As the electrolyte solution 20, for example, 0.8 M 1,2-dimethyl-3-octyl-imidazolium iodide (1,2-dimethyl-3-octyl-imidazolium iodide) and 40 mM I 2 ( It can be used an electrolytic solution of - iodine) with 3-methoxy propionate I 3 was dissolved in acetonitrile (3-methoxypropionitrile) - / I . Instead of the liquid solvent 3-methoxypropionitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride (polyvinyllidene fluoride) (PVDF) -based polymer or copolymer thereof is substituted with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone). : NMP) or a gel polymer electrolyte obtained by dissolving in 3-methoxypropionitrile (MP) solvent can also be used. After the electrolyte solution 20 is completely filled, the microporous 22 is sealed to complete the dye-sensitized solar cell 100.

In the above manufacturing example, the partition 40 formed of the plurality of resin layers 40-1, 40-2,..., 40 -N is formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor electrode 10, and then the semiconductor electrode ( 10) and the counter electrode 30 has been described as being aligned, but the present invention is not limited thereto. If necessary, partition walls 40 made of the plurality of resin layers 40-1, 40-2,..., 40 -N are formed on the surface of the counter electrode 30 instead of the semiconductor electrode 10. Thereafter, the semiconductor electrode 10 and the counter electrode 30 may be aligned to bond them.

The present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. Do.

1 is a view schematically showing the configuration of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention.

2 is an exemplary plan view of a partition formed on a semiconductor electrode in the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: semiconductor electrode, 12: first substrate, 14: first conductive thin film, 16: nanoparticle semiconductor oxide thin film, 18: dye molecule layer, 20: electrolyte solution, 30: counter electrode, 32: second substrate, 34: 2nd conductive thin film, 36: counter electrode thin film, 40: partition, 40-1, 40-2, ..., 40-N: some resin layer, 100: dye-sensitized solar cell.

Claims (10)

A semiconductor electrode, A counter electrode, An electrolyte solution interposed between the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode; Dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a partition wall formed of a plurality of resin layers formed between the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode to seal the electrolyte solution between the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode. . The method of claim 1, The plurality of resin layers includes an innermost resin layer in contact with an electrolyte solution, an outermost resin layer in contact with the outside, and an intermediate resin layer interposed between the innermost resin layer and the outermost resin layer. Dye-sensitized solar cell. The method of claim 2, The innermost resin layer, the outermost resin layer, and the intermediate resin layer are each made of a different material, the dye-sensitized solar cell. The method of claim 2, The innermost resin layer, the outermost resin layer, and the intermediate resin layer are each made of a thermoplastic resin. The method of claim 2, A dye-sensitized solar cell, wherein the innermost resin layer, the outermost resin layer, and the intermediate resin layer are each made of a thermosetting resin. The method of claim 2, The said innermost resin layer, the said outermost resin layer, and the said intermediate resin layer respectively consist of ultraviolet curable resin, The dye-sensitized solar cell characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 2, The innermost resin layer is a dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that consisting of a single layer or multiple layers consisting of a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene resin and polyvinyl chloride. The method of claim 2, The outermost resin layer is a dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that consisting of a single layer or multiple layers consisting of a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride resin. The method of claim 2, The intermediate resin layer is a dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that consisting of a single layer or multiple layers consisting of a material selected from the group consisting of epoxy resin and urea resin. The method of claim 1, The plurality of resin layers is a dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that it comprises a resin layer added with an inorganic oxide.
KR1020090036236A 2009-04-24 2009-04-24 Dye-sensitized solar cells including multi plastic layers KR20100117459A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102426933A (en) * 2011-12-23 2012-04-25 彩虹集团公司 Dye-sensitized solar battery sealing structure
WO2012102593A3 (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-12-13 엘지이노텍주식회사 Solar cell
KR101445773B1 (en) * 2013-04-10 2014-10-07 재단법인대구경북과학기술원 Dye sensitized solar cell and the fbricationg method thereof

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012102593A3 (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-12-13 엘지이노텍주식회사 Solar cell
CN103493218A (en) * 2011-01-28 2014-01-01 Lg伊诺特有限公司 Solar cell
CN102426933A (en) * 2011-12-23 2012-04-25 彩虹集团公司 Dye-sensitized solar battery sealing structure
KR101445773B1 (en) * 2013-04-10 2014-10-07 재단법인대구경북과학기술원 Dye sensitized solar cell and the fbricationg method thereof

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