KR20090086008A - Adiabatic case for improvement in safety and start-up of pemfc - Google Patents

Adiabatic case for improvement in safety and start-up of pemfc Download PDF

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KR20090086008A
KR20090086008A KR1020080012007A KR20080012007A KR20090086008A KR 20090086008 A KR20090086008 A KR 20090086008A KR 1020080012007 A KR1020080012007 A KR 1020080012007A KR 20080012007 A KR20080012007 A KR 20080012007A KR 20090086008 A KR20090086008 A KR 20090086008A
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fuel cell
container
fuel
sensor
cell stack
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KR1020080012007A
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Korean (ko)
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오병수
조인수
박창권
천승호
박종성
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전남대학교산학협력단
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

A fuel cell system is provided to secure starting up at a temperature below zero, to prevent gas explosion, and to minimize damages of explosion, thereby improving safety. A fuel cell system of which a humidifier(7) is connected to the fuel cell stack(8) comprises a double-walled adiabatic vessel having a vacuum layer surrounding the fuel cell stack and humidifier; a vacuum valve(10) for maintaining the vacuum condition; a hydrogen senser(1) positioned inside the insulating container; a pressure sensor(2); a temperature sensor(3); a safety valve(4); supply block valves(9) installed in fuel supply pipes; and a fuel supply line heater(11).

Description

연료전지의 시동성 및 안전성 향상을 위한 단열용기 {Adiabatic case for improvement in safety and start-up of PEMFC}Adiabatic case for improvement in safety and start-up of PEMFC}

본 발명은 연료전지시스템에 관한 것으로서, 연료전지시스템의 영하온도에서의 시동성과 안전성에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel cell system, and relates to startability and safety at subzero temperatures of a fuel cell system.

연료전지시스템은 연료(H2)의 화학에너지를 직접 전기에너지로 변환하는 시스템으로서 크게 연료전지스택과 수소 및 공기(산소) 공급 장치, 냉각장치 및 열/물관리 장치로 구성된다. The fuel cell system is a system for directly converting chemical energy of fuel (H2) into electrical energy. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen and air (oxygen) supply device, a cooling device, and a heat / water management device.

연료전지 스택은 막-전극접합체(MEA : Membrane Electrode Assembly), 가스켓과 분리판을 기본단위로 하는 단위전지를 적층하고 양면에 집전판(current collector)과 엔드 플레이트(end plate)를 체결하여 제작한다.The fuel cell stack is manufactured by stacking unit cells based on membrane-electrode assemblies (MEA), gaskets and separators, and fastening current collectors and end plates on both sides. .

이러한 연료전지는 수소와 산소가 공급되어 반응됨으로써 전기에너지와 함께 물과 열을 발생시킨다.The fuel cell generates water and heat together with electrical energy by reacting with hydrogen and oxygen supplied.

따라서 외부의 온도가 물의 빙점 이하인 상태에서는 반응 결과물로 생긴 물이 얼게 되고, 이때 물의 부피팽창으로 인해 막-전극접합체((MEA : Membrane Electrode Assembly)가 손상되어 연료전지의 성능저하가 일어나게 된다.Therefore, when the outside temperature is below the freezing point of water, the water produced as a result of the reaction is frozen. At this time, the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA: Membrane Electrode Assembly) is damaged due to the volume expansion of the water, thereby degrading the performance of the fuel cell.

이를 방지하기 위한 종래의 기술로는 불활성 건조가스를 오랫동안 흘려주어 유로와 막-전극접합체의 수분을 제거시키는 방법이 있으나, 이 방법의 경우에는 내부의 물을 충분히 제거시키기 위해 많은 양의 불활성 가스를 오랫동안 흘려주어야하는 문제점이 있다. 특히, 이 경우에 분리판 유로의 물 제거는 용이하지만, 막-전극접합체 내의 물 제거는 매우 어렵다.Conventional techniques for preventing this include a method of removing the moisture in the flow path and the membrane-electrode assembly by flowing inert dry gas for a long time, but in this case, a large amount of inert gas is removed to sufficiently remove the water therein. There is a problem that must be shed for a long time. In particular, in this case water removal of the separator flow path is easy, but water removal in the membrane-electrode assembly is very difficult.

또한, 히터로 연료전지스택을 예열하여 운전을 하는 방법이 있으나, 이 경우에도 연료전지내의 얼음이 국부적으로 녹기 시작하면서 얼음이 녹은 부분과 안 녹은 부분의 물성차이로 인하여 막-전극접합체(MEA)의 성능과 수명이 저하되는 문제가 있다.In addition, there is a method of preheating the fuel cell stack by using a heater, but in this case, the ice in the fuel cell starts to locally melt, and the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) is caused by the difference in physical properties between the melted and unmelted parts. There is a problem that degrades the performance and lifespan.

저온 시동성 향상을 위한 또 다른 방법으로는, 외부케이스를 사용하여 연료전지스택을 진공막에 의해 외부와의 열전달을 차단시켜 외부온도변화에 무관하게 스택 내부를 일정온도 이상으로 보온, 유지하는 것이다. 이는 저온 시동성은 향상되나 가연성 기체인 수소의 누출로 인한 폭발 등의 위험을 해결하지 못하고 있다.Another method for improving low-temperature startability is to use an outer case to block heat transfer from the fuel cell stack to the outside by a vacuum membrane to keep the inside of the stack above a certain temperature regardless of the change in the outside temperature. This improves low temperature startability but does not solve the risk of explosion due to the leakage of hydrogen, a flammable gas.

본 발명은 진공층과 알루미늄포일을 사용하여 열전달을 최소화하여 단열용기 내부의 연료전지스택의 온도를 영상으로 유지하며, 연료공급라인의 끝에 온도센서를 사용하여 공급연료의 온도를 영상으로 유지함으로써 외기온도가 영하의 온도에서의 시동성을 확보함은 물론 수소센서 및 압력 센서를 사용하여 수소의 누출을 미리 감지하여 안전밸브를 통하여 누출된 가스를 제거함으로써 폭발을 방지하며, 폭발시에는 진공층을 이용하여 explosion이 발생하지 않고 implosion이 발생하게 하여 폭발의 피해를 최소화함에 그 목적이 있다.The present invention maintains the temperature of the fuel cell stack inside the thermal insulation container by minimizing heat transfer using a vacuum layer and aluminum foil, and maintains the temperature of the feed fuel by using a temperature sensor at the end of the fuel supply line. As well as ensuring the startability at temperatures below zero, the hydrogen sensor and pressure sensor are used to detect the leak of hydrogen in advance to prevent the explosion by removing the leaked gas through the safety valve. Therefore, the purpose is to minimize the damage of explosion by causing implosion to occur without explosion.

연료전지스택을 진공층을 갖는 이중 단열용기에 넣음으로써, 영하의 온도에서 연료전지 스택의 보호 및 시동성 향상, 수소의 누출 및 폭발 등의 위험을 최소화한다.By placing the fuel cell stack in a double insulated container with a vacuum layer, it minimizes the risks of protecting and starting the fuel cell stack at temperatures below zero, leakage and explosion of hydrogen.

연료전지시스템을 사용함에 있어서 발생할 수 있는 위험을 최소화하여 연료전지 시스템의 안정성을 향상시키는 효과를 갖는다. 또한 겨울철 시동성이 향상됨으로써 연료전지시스템의 상용화에 기여할 수 있다.The use of the fuel cell system has the effect of minimizing the risk that can occur, thereby improving the stability of the fuel cell system. In addition, it is possible to contribute to the commercialization of the fuel cell system by improving winter startability.

연료전지시스템에 연료전지스택을 감싸도록 설치된 이중단열용기와 단열용기 내부에 설치된 온도센서, 수소센서, 압력센서 그리고 안전밸브, 진공밸브, 연료공 급차단밸브 및 연료공급라인히터로 구성된다.It consists of a double insulation container installed to cover the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system, a temperature sensor, a hydrogen sensor, a pressure sensor, a safety valve, a vacuum valve, a fuel supply shutoff valve, and a fuel supply line heater installed inside the insulation container.

이중단열용기는 내용기와 외용기 사이를 진공상태로 유지함으로써 열전달을 최소화하여 연료전지스택의 내부온도를 영상으로 유지함으로써 겨울철 영하의 온도에서 시동성을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 용기 안에 설치된 수소센서와 압력센서는 안전밸브 및 연료공급차단 밸브와 연결되어 수소의 농도가 일정농도 이상이 되거나 일정한 내부압력에 대한 변화가 발생되면, 연료공급차단밸브가 작동하여 연료공급이 차단되고, 안전밸브가 열려 혹시라도 누출된 수소를 제거하게 된다. 연료공급라인에 연결된 온도센서는 공급되는 연료가 일정온도이하이면 히터를 가동하여 공급연료를 일정온도 이상으로 유지할 수 있도록 하여 반응성 및 시동성을 향상시킨다. By maintaining the vacuum between the inner container and the outer container, the double insulated container minimizes heat transfer and maintains the internal temperature of the fuel cell stack as an image to improve startability at temperatures below zero in winter. Is connected with safety valve and fuel supply shutoff valve, when the concentration of hydrogen is over a certain concentration or a change in the internal pressure occurs, the fuel supply shutoff valve is operated to shut off the fuel supply, and the safety valve is opened to leak Hydrogen is removed. The temperature sensor connected to the fuel supply line improves the responsiveness and startability by operating the heater to maintain the supplied fuel above a certain temperature when the fuel supplied is below a certain temperature.

외용기는 내용기보다 견딜 수 있는 압력을 높게 하여 폭발시 내용기가 먼저 터지면서 내용기와 외용기 사이의 진공층이 완충역할을 하여 explosion이 발생하지 않고 implosion이 발생하여 폭발이 외부에 영향을 미치지 않게 한다. 이때, 내용기와 외용기 사이에 압력센서를 장착하여 폭발이 발생하게 되면 자동으로 연료공급이 차단될 수 있도록 하였다.The outer container has a higher pressure to withstand than the inner container, and when the explosion, the inner container bursts first, and the vacuum layer between the inner container and the outer container acts as a buffer so that no explosion occurs and no implosion occurs, so that the explosion does not affect the outside. do. At this time, a pressure sensor was installed between the inner container and the outer container to automatically shut off the fuel supply when an explosion occurred.

여기서 이중단열용기는 공간의 효율적인 사용을 위하여 연료전지 스택의 형태인 직육면체의 형태로 제작되며, 모서리 부분은 진공성의 향상을 위하여 라운딩 처리하며, 내용기는 복사열전달을 최소화하기 위해 알루미늄포일을 감아준다.Here, the double insulation container is manufactured in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, which is a form of a fuel cell stack, for efficient use of space. The corner portion is rounded to improve vacuum, and the inner container is wound with aluminum foil to minimize radiant heat transfer.

다음의 도면과 같이, 단열용기는 내용기보다 높은 압력을 견딜 수 있는 외용기를 사용하며 내용기와 외용기 사이를 진공상태로 유지할 수 있도록 하고 용기 내 부에 수소의 누출을 감지할 수 있는 수소센서, 압력센서 그리고 누출된 수소의 제거를 위한 안전밸브, 센서 작동시 연료공급 차단을 위한 연료공급차단밸브, 공급연료의 적정온도 유지를 위한 온도센서 및 연료공급라인히터로 구성한다.As shown in the figure below, the insulation container uses an external container that can withstand higher pressure than the inner container, and a hydrogen sensor that can maintain the vacuum between the inner container and the outer container and detect the leakage of hydrogen into the container. It consists of pressure sensor and safety valve to remove leaked hydrogen, fuel supply shutoff valve to shut off fuel supply when sensor is operated, temperature sensor and fuel supply line heater to maintain proper temperature of fuel.

1 : 수소센서 , 2 : 압력센서1: hydrogen sensor, 2: pressure sensor

3 : 온도센서 , 4 : 안전밸브3: temperature sensor, 4: safety valve

5 : 내용기 , 6 : 외용기5: Content container, 6: External container

7 : 가습기 , 8 : 연료전지스택7: humidifier, 8: fuel cell stack

9 : 연료공급차단밸브 , 10 : 진공밸브9: fuel supply shutoff valve, 10: vacuum valve

11 : 히터 , 12 : 라디에이터11 heater, 12 radiator

13 : 워터펌프 14 : 밸브13: water pump 14: valve

Figure 112008009652655-PAT00001
: 가스라인 ,
Figure 112008009652655-PAT00002
: 센서제어라인
Figure 112008009652655-PAT00001
Gas line
Figure 112008009652655-PAT00002
: Sensor control line

Claims (7)

연료전지스택에 가습장치가 연결된 연료전지시스템에 있어서, 연료전지스택과 가습장치를 감싸는 진공층을 갖는 이중단열용기와 진공상태 유지를 위한 진공밸브, 단열용기내부에 수소센서, 압력센서 및 온도센서와 안전밸브 그리고 연료의 공급관로에 설치된 공급차단밸브, 연료공급라인히터로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 시동성 및 안전성이 향상된 연료전지시스템.In a fuel cell system in which a humidifier is connected to a fuel cell stack, a double insulated container having a vacuum layer surrounding the fuel cell stack and the humidifier, a vacuum valve for maintaining a vacuum state, a hydrogen sensor, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor in an insulating container And a safety valve, a supply shutoff valve installed in a fuel supply line, and a fuel supply line heater. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 이중단열용기는 내용기보다 견딜 수 있는 압력이 높은 외용기를 사용하여 내용기가 폭발하여도 외용기는 터지지 않도록 하며, 이를 위해 진공층이 완충역할을 해주는 것을 특징으로 하는 안전성이 향상된 연료전지시스템.The double insulation container uses an outer container with a higher pressure that can withstand the inner container, so that the outer container does not burst even when the inner container explodes, and the vacuum layer plays a buffer role for this purpose. 제2항에 있어서,The method of claim 2, 내용기가 폭발하여 터질 때, 진공층에 설치된 센서가 작동하여 연료공급차단밸브를 닫아 연료공급을 차단하게 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 안전성이 향상된 연료전지시스템.When the inner container explodes and explodes, a sensor installed in the vacuum layer operates to close the fuel supply shutoff valve to cut off fuel supply. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 단열용기 내부의 수소센서와 압력센서는 안전밸브와 연료공급차단밸브와 연 결되어 센서 작동시 연료공급을 차단하며, 안전밸브를 통해 누출된 수소를 제거하는 것을 특징으로 하는 안전성이 향상된 연료전지시스템.The hydrogen sensor and the pressure sensor inside the insulated container are connected to the safety valve and the fuel supply shutoff valve to cut off the fuel supply when the sensor is operated, and to remove the leaked hydrogen through the safety valve. . 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 단열용기 내부의 온도센서는 연료공급라인히터의 양끝에 설치되며, 공급라인히터에 연결되어 공급연료가 일정온도 이하일 경우 히터가 작동하고 일정온도 이상인 경우 히터의 작동이 멈추게 하여 적정온도 이상으로 공급연료의 온도를 유지하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반응성 및 시동성이 향상된 연료전지시스템. The temperature sensor inside the insulated container is installed at both ends of the fuel supply line heater.It is connected to the supply line heater and the heater is operated when the supply fuel is below a certain temperature, and the heater is stopped when it is above a certain temperature. Reactivity and startability improved fuel cell system, characterized in that to maintain the temperature of. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 단열용기는 공간활용의 효율성을 위해 연료전지스택의 형태인 직육면체의 형태를 가지며, 진공단열의 향상을 위하여 모서리 부분이 라운딩처리되며, 열전달을 최소화하기 위해 알루미늄포일로 감싼 내용기를 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지시스템.The insulated container has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, which is a form of fuel cell stack for space utilization efficiency, the corner portion is rounded to improve vacuum insulation, and an inner container wrapped with aluminum foil is used to minimize heat transfer. Fuel cell system. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 연료전지 스택에 공급되는 수소의 압력보다 높은 압력으로 연료전지스택 시스템 주변의 단열용기 내에 고압질소를 넣어 시스템으로부터 수소가 단열용기 내로 새어나오지 않도록 하는 연료전지시스템.A fuel cell system in which high pressure nitrogen is inserted into a thermal insulation container around a fuel cell stack system at a pressure higher than that of hydrogen supplied to a fuel cell stack to prevent hydrogen from leaking into the thermal insulation container from the system.
KR1020080012007A 2008-02-05 2008-02-05 Adiabatic case for improvement in safety and start-up of pemfc KR20090086008A (en)

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Cited By (6)

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KR102336581B1 (en) 2020-07-01 2021-12-07 연세대학교 산학협력단 Thermally Manageable Fuel Cell Hot Box With Heat Flux Control
KR20210156657A (en) 2020-06-18 2021-12-27 대한민국(농촌진흥청장) Combustion Furnace Comprising Clinker Removal Devices
KR20220033827A (en) 2020-09-10 2022-03-17 연세대학교 산학협력단 Thermally Manageable Fuel Cell Hot Box Controlling Heat Transfer Area
CN114937786A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-08-23 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Battery heat preservation shell and fuel cell
CN114976110A (en) * 2022-06-27 2022-08-30 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Fuel cell and low-temperature environment operation control method
CN115064725A (en) * 2022-06-20 2022-09-16 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Battery thermal insulation shell, fuel battery and method for diagnosing hydrogen leakage and shell sealing faults

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20210156657A (en) 2020-06-18 2021-12-27 대한민국(농촌진흥청장) Combustion Furnace Comprising Clinker Removal Devices
KR102336581B1 (en) 2020-07-01 2021-12-07 연세대학교 산학협력단 Thermally Manageable Fuel Cell Hot Box With Heat Flux Control
US11557776B2 (en) 2020-07-01 2023-01-17 Uif (University Industry Foundation), Yonsei University Heat manageable fuel cell hot box
KR20220033827A (en) 2020-09-10 2022-03-17 연세대학교 산학협력단 Thermally Manageable Fuel Cell Hot Box Controlling Heat Transfer Area
US11646430B2 (en) 2020-09-10 2023-05-09 Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University Heat management type fuel cell hot box capable of controlling heat exchange area
CN115064725A (en) * 2022-06-20 2022-09-16 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Battery thermal insulation shell, fuel battery and method for diagnosing hydrogen leakage and shell sealing faults
CN114976110A (en) * 2022-06-27 2022-08-30 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Fuel cell and low-temperature environment operation control method
CN114976110B (en) * 2022-06-27 2024-06-14 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Fuel cell and low-temperature environment operation control method
CN114937786A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-08-23 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Battery heat preservation shell and fuel cell

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