KR20080105211A - Method and apparatus for space-time coding mode decision in mimo system, and method and apparatus for responding the decided stc mode - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for space-time coding mode decision in mimo system, and method and apparatus for responding the decided stc mode Download PDFInfo
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- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
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- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0667—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
- H04B7/0669—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal using different channel coding between antennas
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- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0667—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
- H04B7/0673—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
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- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
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- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
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- H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
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- H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
- H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
- H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
- H04L1/0637—Properties of the code
- H04L1/0656—Cyclotomic systems, e.g. Bell Labs Layered Space-Time [BLAST]
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- H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
- H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
- H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
- H04L1/0637—Properties of the code
- H04L1/0668—Orthogonal systems, e.g. using Alamouti codes
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Abstract
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The figure explaining the outline | summary of a SISO system and a MIMO system.
2 is a block diagram illustrating a transmitter of an N × M MIMO system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a block diagram illustrating a receiver of an N × M MIMO system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a view for explaining the principle of transmission and reception of STTD in a 2 × 2 MIMO system.
5 is a view for explaining the principle of transmission and reception of the SM in a 2 × 2 MIMO system.
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram illustrating a preferred STC mode determiner of FIG. 3. FIG.
7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a preferred STC mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings
200: transmitter
210: encoder 220: interleaver
230: modulator 240: multiplexer and spatial encoder
250: Feedback message decoder 260: Scheduler
270: STC mode selector
300: receiver
310: demultiplexing and spatial decoding unit 320: demodulation unit
330: deinterleaver 340: decoder
350: MIMO channel parameter estimator 360: preferred STC mode determiner
The present invention relates to a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for determining an STC mode according to a given channel state in a receiver of a MIMO wireless communication system, and the determined STC mode. The present invention relates to a response method and an apparatus for responding to a transmitter.
In general, wireless channel environments inevitably introduce errors due to many factors such as multi-path interference, shadowing, propagation attenuation, time-varying noise, interference and fading, etc. This leads to loss of information. This loss of information causes severe distortion in the actual transmission signal, which causes a decrease in the overall performance of the wireless communication system.
Meanwhile, a diversity method is used to remove instability of communication due to fading. It is possible to increase the reliability of the communication link through diversity gain without increasing the bandwidth by equipping the transceiver with multiple antennas to secure additional space for resource utilization, and to increase the transmission capacity through parallel transmission through spatial multiplexing. You can also increase it.
1 is a view for explaining an outline of a SISO system and a MIMO system.
As shown in FIG. 1A, a single input single output (SISO) system performs a single input / output transmission through one channel H formed between one transmit antenna TxAnt and one receive antenna RxAnt. As a technology to perform, when a transmitting side and a receiving side each communicate with one antenna in a wireless communication, a multipath phenomenon occurs due to obstacles in a propagation path such as a hill or a steel tower, causing a problem due to fading. In communication, it causes a decrease in data rate and an increase in errors.
In contrast, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system transmits data through multiple paths by increasing the number of antennas of a base station and a terminal, reduces interference by detecting signals received on each path at the receiving end, and reduces space-time at the transmitting end. Diversity and spatial multiplexing can improve transmission efficiency. FIG. 1 (b) illustrates a 2 × 2 MIMO system using two transmit antennas and two receive antennas, of which a first and second transmit antennas TxAnt1 and TxAnt2 and a first are shown. Four channels, that is, a first channel H11, a second channel H12, a third channel H21, and a fourth channel H22 are formed between the second reception antennas RxAnt1 and RxAnt2.
In the case of the MIMO mode, a space time transmit diversity (STTD) and a spatial multiplexing (SM) mode may be classified according to a method of allocating a plurality of antennas and symbols to be transmitted, and in particular, IEEE In the 802.16d / e-based portable Internet system, STTD and SM are specified to be selectively transmitted. Therefore, a method of selecting such a space time coding (STC) mode according to channel conditions is under development.
In particular, when the STC mode is selected by considering only the very fundamental channel characteristics (for example, the variation of the MIMO channel strength and the MIMO channel strength) regarding the channel state, the influence of the error due to the channel estimation is ignored and performance degradation occurs. Since the decoding schemes vary depending on the STC mode and the characteristics thereof are different from each other, there is a problem in that the implemented results do not show ideal characteristics.
The present invention was devised to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for determining a space-time coding (STC) mode in consideration of errors that may occur in channel estimation in a multi-input / output system. To provide.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for determining a space-time coding (STC) mode in which characteristics of the STC mode decoding scheme are reflected in a multi-input / output system.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a more practical STC through parameters reflecting characteristics of the STC mode decoding method and considering errors that may occur when a transmitter and a receiver are closed loop multiple input / output structures in a multiple input / output system. To determine a (Space-Time Coding) mode, and to provide a method and apparatus for responding to the signal transmitted from the transmitter by feeding back the determined STC mode.
For this purpose, a method of determining a space-time coding (STC) mode in a receiver of a MIMO system of one embodiment of the present invention includes (a) channel capacity for each STC mode from received signals received through a plurality of receiving antennas. Estimating; And (b) determining the STC mode using the estimated channel capacity.
In addition, a method of responding to a transmitter with respect to received signals received through a plurality of reception antennas in a receiver of a MIMO system of one embodiment of the present invention may include (a) estimating space-time coding (STC) mode from the received signals. Determining the STC mode of the transmitter using the allocated channel capacity; And (b) transmitting the determined STC mode in a feedback message to the transmitter.
On the other hand, an apparatus for determining a space-time coding (STC) mode in a receiver of a MIMO system of one embodiment of the present invention includes a channel parameter for estimating each channel gain and noise power from a received signal received through a plurality of receive antennas. Estimator; An STC SINR estimator estimating a Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) for each STC mode using the channel gain and noise power estimates; A channel capacity calculator for calculating channel capacity for each STC mode using the SINR estimate; And an STC mode determiner configured to determine the STC mode using the channel capacity calculated for each STC mode.
Further, an apparatus for responding to a transmitter with respect to received signals received through a plurality of reception antennas in a receiver of a MIMO system of one embodiment of the present invention includes a channel estimated for each space-time coding (STC) mode from the received signals. An STC mode determiner configured to determine an STC mode of the transmitter using a capacity; And a feedback message transmitter configured to transmit the determined STC mode in a feedback message to the transmitter.
On the other hand, in the MIMO system of one embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for transmitting a transmission signal to the receiver based on a reception response from the receiver uses the channel capacity estimated for each of the reception response -space-time coding (STC) modes. Including the determined STC mode information; An STC mode selection unit for selecting the STC mode-Space-Time Transmit Diversity (STTD) or Spatial Multiplexing (SM) based on the received response; And a space-time encoder that encodes the transmission signal according to the selected STC mode.
In the MIMO system of one embodiment of the present invention, a method for transmitting a transmission signal to the receiver based on a reception response from a receiver includes: (a) calculating channel capacity estimated for each reception response space-time coding (STC) mode; Including STC mode information determined using; (b) selecting the STC mode-Space-Time Transmit Diversity (STTD) or Spatial Multiplexing (SM) based on the received response; And (c) encoding the transmission signal according to the selected STC mode.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. For reference, in the following description, detailed descriptions of well-known functions and configurations that may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention are omitted.
2 is a diagram illustrating a transmitter of an N × M MIMO system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a receiver of an N × M MIMO system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As a base station (BS), a receiver may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), but this is merely an example, and it can be easily understood that the roles of the base station and the terminal for the transmitter or the receiver can be switched with each other. .
Referring to FIG. 2, the
Hereinafter, for the convenience of explanation, the operation of the transmitter will be described first, followed by a brief description of the space-time coding (STC) related to the present invention, followed by the operation of the receiver.
In the
At this time, the mapping between the symbol and the antenna is called space-time coding (STC), and is classified into space-time transmit diversity (STTD) and spatial multiplexing (SM) according to an encoding scheme. Can be.
STTD is a method of repeatedly transmitting two different symbols by repeatedly changing the phase of each symbol and an antenna to transmit each symbol, and an Alamouti method is typical. It guarantees stable and improved data rate. On the other hand, SM is a method of simultaneously transmitting and receiving a plurality of different symbols through a plurality of antennas, typically the BLAST method, and increases the data rate. In particular, in IEEE 802.16d / e-based portable Internet system, since STTD and SM are specified to be selectively transmitted, a technology for transmitting them after proper performance comparison is required.
Since the relative performance of the STTD and the SM is different depending on the channel state, as described above, these should be appropriately selected and used. To this end, the
Hereinafter, the information encoded and transmitted as described above is called a feedback message, and the STC mode determined by the
In FIG. 2, the
Meanwhile, in FIG. 3, the
In addition, the
Hereinafter, after describing the STC mode and the process of calculating the SINR for each STC mode with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the apparatus for determining an STC mode according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. The method will be described.
4 is a view for explaining the principle of transmission and reception of the STTD in a 2 × 2 MIMO system.
Referring to FIG. 4, if two transmission symbols (or sub-symbols of OFDMA) are s 1 and s 2 , respectively, and each row can be represented by a vector corresponding to each antenna, k and k + The first transmission symbol vectors s (k) and s (k + 1) may be represented by
[Equation 1]
When the transmission symbol vectors s (k), s (k + 1), s (k + 2), ... are transmitted from the antenna of the
[Equation 2]
In the case of STTD, STC decoding recovering the symbols s k and s k + 1 transmitted from the
[Equation 3]
If at least one of four channel gains h n , m is not 0 in
[Equation 4]
Meanwhile, FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a transmission / reception principle of an SM in a 2 × 2 MIMO system. Referring to FIG. 5, in the SM, all transmission symbol vectors are independent of time index k. Therefore, unlike decoded from the received sample vectors of two consecutive received signals of r (k) and r (k + 1) for s (k) in the above-described STTD, s (k) is equal to r (k) in SM. It must be decrypted with bay.
The optimal decoding method in SM is known as Maximum Likelihood Decoding (MLD), and zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean squared error (MMSE) are presented. In the present embodiment, an SM decoding method using the MMSE method will be described as an example.
In the MMSE SM decoding method, a symbol s k and s k + 1 transmitted from the
[Equation 5]
Accordingly, in the MMSE type STC decoding, after decoding the symbol transmitted from the nth transmission antenna, the SINR for the symbol may be expressed as in
[Equation 6]
[Equation 7]
As a result, referring to Equations 4 and 6 (or Equation 7) described above, SINR after decoding of STTD and SINR after decoding of SM (that is, STTD post SINR and SM post SINR) are channel gains h n, m In addition, it can be seen that it also depends on the decoding method according to the STC mode and STC mode. Thus, it can be seen that the preferred STC mode determined by the
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the preferred STC mode determiner of FIG. 3. The preferred
Referring to FIG. 6, the preferred
The STC post
The channel
The cumulative
The STC
Although not shown in FIG. 6, when the
A method of determining an STC mode according to an embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 7.
For each subcarrier unit or frequency-time (subcarrier-OFDMA symbol), the signal received from each antenna is properly processed in the RF section (not shown), quantized to form a baseband OFDMA symbol frame, and for each preset subcarrier sample population. Adjacent subcarriers in the 2D region may be clustered and processed into a cluster of a certain size. In addition, this subcarrier sample population may be all or part of an OFDMA symbol using STC in a corresponding frame. Therefore, hereinafter, an index for a unit (subcarrier or cluster) processed in one frame is referred to as k, and an index for the frame is referred to as l .
First, channel gain and noise power, which are parameters required for estimating post SINR, are estimated (S710). In this case, channel gain and noise power are estimated for each processing unit (eg, subcarrier or cluster) for each frame. In this case, a pilot may be used to estimate the channel gain, and in this case, an interpolation method or an average method using a pilot may be applied.
Subsequently, the post SINR for each STC mode is estimated from the channel and noise power estimates (S720).
For STTD, the STTD post SINR corresponding to the sample population of the l th frame from the channel gain and noise power estimates.
Estimate For example, in the OFDM or OFDMA scheme, since a plurality of subcarriers are used, a multipath channel is considered. In this case, both channel characteristics and noise power including interference may have different values depending on the aforementioned processing units (subcarriers or clusters). It can be expressed as Equation 8. Where h n , m ( l , k) represents the channel gain for the k-th processing unit of the l- th frame, and σ m 2 ( l , k) represents the l- th frame received by the m-th antenna of the[Equation 8]
In addition, the method for setting the STTD post SINR representative value for the entire l- th frame may use one of a geometric mean, an arithmetic mean, or a median value for the index k. Here, the geometric mean may be represented by Equation 9, the arithmetic mean by Equation 10, and the median by Equation 11, where median <x ( l , k) | l > is given by l when x is given. Median for ( l , k).
[Equation 9]
[Equation 10]
[Equation 11]
Meanwhile, in the case of SM, the SM post SINR for a frame transmitted from the nth transmission antenna of the
[Equation 12]
[Equation 13]
In addition, the method of setting the SM post SINR representative value for the entire l- th frame of the nth transmission antenna may use one of a geometric mean, an arithmetic mean, or a median value for the index k. Here, the geometric mean may be represented by Equation 14, the arithmetic mean by Equation 15, and the median value by Equation 16. In Equation 16, median <x ( l , k) | l> is the median value for x (l, k) when l is given.
[Equation 14]
[Equation 15]
[Equation 16]
Next, the channel capacity for each STC mode is calculated from the above-described post SINR estimation value for each STC mode using an equation or a reference table prepared in advance (S730). For example, in the case of using the equation, the channel capacity of the STTD is obtained from the following equation (17), and the channel capacity of the SM is obtained from the following equation (18). In Equation 18, the cumulative channel capacity for N transmission antennas in the SM is represented.
[Equation 17]
Equation 18
This channel capacity is basically derived from Equations 19 and 20 below. That is, in the wireless channel, the frequency efficiency is defined as the data rate per unit frequency, and when the unit is bps / Hz, the frequency efficiency that can be transmitted without error is defined by the channel capacity of Shannon. In the case of the SISO system having one transmit and receive antenna, the channel capacity of Shannon may be expressed as in Equation 19 below. Where p is the SNR.
[Equation 19]
C = log 2 (1 + ρ)
If Shannon's channel capacity is applied to a transmission / reception system using multiple antennas (particularly in a 2 × 2 MIMO system), that is, a MIMO system, the channel capacity may be expressed by Equation 20 below.
[Equation 20]
C = log 2 (Det (I + ρHH H / 2))
On the other hand, in the case of using the reference table, the channel capacity for each MCS level related to the channel characteristics is created in advance in the table, and the table can be referred to whenever the preferred STC mode is determined.
Next, a cumulative average is calculated with respect to the difference in channel capacity for each STC (S740). That is, the difference in the channel capacity for each STC mode for each frame is cumulatively averaged as in Equation 23 using Equation 21 or 22 below. Where α ( l ) is
At the time of calculation Is a variable to control the contribution rate.[Equation 21]
[Equation 22]
[Equation 23]
The preferred STC mode is determined with reference to the cumulative average value described above (S750). That is, the STC mode is determined according to whether the cumulative average value is positive or negative. For example, in the process of calculating the cumulative average value, using the above-described Equation 21,
Select SM when> 0, Select STTD when ≤ 0. However, in the process of calculating the cumulative average value, the equation (22) described above is used. When S≥D, select STTD, Select SM when <0.By doing so, as described above, when the preferred STC mode is determined using the channel capacity, the preferred STC mode suitable for a given channel situation can be selected, thereby maximizing transmission efficiency.
Although not shown in FIG. 7, when the
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can implement the present invention in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features, The examples are to be understood in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. For example, in the present embodiment, for the sake of convenience of explanation, the description will be mainly focused on a 2 × 2 MIMO system, but it can be seen that the present invention is applicable to an N × M MIMO system (M ≧ N).
In addition, the scope of the present invention is specified by the appended claims rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalent concepts are included in the scope of the present invention. Should be interpreted as
According to the present invention, by determining a preferred space-time coding (STC) mode in consideration of an error that may occur in channel estimation in a multi-input and output system, it is possible to determine the STC mode suitable for the channel situation to maximize the transmission efficiency There is.
In addition, according to the present invention, by determining the preferred space-time coding (STC) mode reflecting the characteristics of the decoding scheme for each STC mode in the multi-input output system, there is an effect that can be determined more accurately.
In addition, according to the present invention, when a transmitter and a receiver are closed loop multi-input / output structures in a multi-input / output system, the error that may occur in channel estimation is considered, and the preferred space-time coding (STC) mode reflected in the decoding method for each STC mode. By deciding and feeding it back to the transmitter, the transmitter can determine the STC mode in which more substantial and accurate channel characteristics are considered in the next frame transmission.
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KR20110022516A (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-07 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method and apparatus for triggering multi cell mimo schemes in multiple antenna system |
KR101103136B1 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2012-01-04 | 주식회사 세아네트웍스 | Apparatus and Method for Changing MIMO Mode in Wireless Communication System |
KR20240084862A (en) | 2022-12-07 | 2024-06-14 | 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 | Apparatus and method for deciding communication parameters in tactical wireless communication systems |
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US6802035B2 (en) * | 2000-09-19 | 2004-10-05 | Intel Corporation | System and method of dynamically optimizing a transmission mode of wirelessly transmitted information |
KR100713403B1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2007-05-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for controlling transmission scheme according to channel state in a communication system |
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KR101103136B1 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2012-01-04 | 주식회사 세아네트웍스 | Apparatus and Method for Changing MIMO Mode in Wireless Communication System |
KR20110022516A (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-07 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method and apparatus for triggering multi cell mimo schemes in multiple antenna system |
KR20240084862A (en) | 2022-12-07 | 2024-06-14 | 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 | Apparatus and method for deciding communication parameters in tactical wireless communication systems |
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