KR20040100100A - Treatment of food waste and sewage sludge - Google Patents
Treatment of food waste and sewage sludge Download PDFInfo
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- KR20040100100A KR20040100100A KR1020030032313A KR20030032313A KR20040100100A KR 20040100100 A KR20040100100 A KR 20040100100A KR 1020030032313 A KR1020030032313 A KR 1020030032313A KR 20030032313 A KR20030032313 A KR 20030032313A KR 20040100100 A KR20040100100 A KR 20040100100A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/02—Temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W10/20—Sludge processing
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 유기성 폐기물 처리분야와 폐기물의 재이용에 관한 것이다. 더욱 상세하게는 음식물쓰레기를 일정입도 미만으로 분쇄하고 사이클론을 이용하여 이물질을 분리한 후 가수분해단계와 산발효단계를 거쳐 하수처리장의 하수슬러지와 병합처리하는 것으로, 최종 처리 산물로 생성되는 메탄가스를 가스발전공정에서 전력을 생산하기 위한 에너지원으로 활용하고 발전기의 폐열을 혐기성소화조의 가온을 위해 활용하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to the field of organic waste treatment and the reuse of waste. More specifically, the food waste is crushed to below a certain particle size and the foreign matter is separated by using cyclone, and then treated with the sewage sludge of the sewage treatment plant through a hydrolysis step and an acid fermentation step. Is used as an energy source for producing electricity in the gas power generation process and the waste heat of the generator is used for heating the anaerobic digester.
최근 생활 폐기물의 증가에 따라 생활 폐기물의 적절한 관리의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 현재 시행되고 있는 쓰레기 분리수거에 의해 생활 폐기물 중 재활용이 가능한 것들은 분리되어 재활용되고 있지만 음식물쓰레기의 경우에는 아직도 매립되는 것이 대부분이다.Recently, with the increase of household waste, the necessity of proper management of household waste has emerged. Currently, the waste that can be recycled from household waste is separated and recycled, but most of the food waste is still landfilled.
음식물쓰레기는 거의 대부분이 유기물질이므로 매립 처분시 침출수와 지반의 안정화에 악영향을 미친다. 음식물쓰레기를 처리하기 위한 기존의 방법에는 크게 퇴비화, 사료화, 그리고 건조나 탈수를 통한 감량화 등이 있다.Since most food wastes are organic materials, landfill disposal has a negative effect on stabilization of leachate and ground. Existing methods for treating food waste include composting, feed, and weight reduction through drying or dehydration.
그러나 퇴비화의 경우 수요자에게 거부감이 있을 뿐만 아니라 상당기간 이 퇴비를 사용하였을 때 퇴비중의 염분이 토양에 미치는 효과가 아직 검증되지 않은문제점이 있으며, 사료화의 경우 사전 분리작업이 철저히 이루어져야 하며, 그렇다 하여도 음식물쓰레기로 만든 사료가 가축에게 좋은 먹이가 될 수 없다는 문제점이 있다. 또한 건조나 탈수에 의한 감량화의 방법은 중량을 감소시킬 수는 있으나 분해 가능한 유기물의 최종적인 처리방법이 아니라는 문제점이 있다..However, in the case of composting, there is a problem not only to the consumer, but also the effect of salinity in the compost on the soil when the compost is used for a considerable period of time has not yet been verified. There is also a problem that the feed made of food waste can not be a good food for livestock. In addition, the method of weight reduction by drying or dehydration may reduce the weight, but there is a problem in that it is not a final treatment method of degradable organic matter.
그리고 국내 하수처리장에서 발생하는 하수슬러지의 일반적인 특성을 살펴보면 유기물 함량이 적어 혐기소화후에도 유기물의 소화율이 그다지 높지 않은 실정이다. 이와 같이 낮은 소화율로 인해 혐기성소화조의 특징인 에너지 재활용을 위한 메탄가스 생성이 낮아 유기물의 에너지 이용 효율이 떨어져 혐기성소화조의 효용가치가 저하되는 문제점이 있다.In addition, the general characteristics of sewage sludge generated in domestic sewage treatment plants are low in organic matter content, and the digestibility of organic matters is not very high even after anaerobic digestion. Due to such a low digestibility, the generation of methane gas for energy recycling, which is a characteristic of anaerobic digestion tanks, is low, and the energy use efficiency of organic matters is lowered, which lowers the utility value of anaerobic digestion tanks.
이를 해결하기 위해, 음식물쓰레기를 하수처리장의 혐기성소화조에 투입하여 병합처리 하는 방법이 개시되었으나, 혐기소화를 위해서는 산발효가 선행되어야 하는데, 이 경우 산발효에 의해 생성된 유기산에 의해 혐기성소화조내의 pH가 낮아져서 메탄가스생성 효율이 저하되는 문제점이 있었다.In order to solve this problem, a method of incorporating food waste into an anaerobic digestion tank of a sewage treatment plant has been disclosed, but acid fermentation should be preceded for anaerobic digestion, in which case the pH of the anaerobic digestion tank is caused by the organic acid produced by the acid fermentation. There is a problem in that the methane gas generation efficiency is lowered by lowering.
상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 본 발명은 음식물쓰레기와 하수슬러지를 함께 처리함으로써 이물질이 분리되고 분쇄된 음식물쓰레기와 하수슬러지의 혐기성소화조에서 병합처리시, 가수분해효율이 증대되고, 미생물에 의한 유기산 생성이 증가되어, 고효율의 메탄가스를 생산하는 방법을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is treated with food waste and sewage sludge together, the foreign matter is separated and pulverized in the anaerobic digestion tank of the food waste and sewage sludge, hydrolysis efficiency is increased, by the microorganism It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of producing methane gas with high efficiency by increasing organic acid production.
또한 본 발명은 음식물쓰레기를 유기산 발효 후 하수슬러지와 병합 처리함으써 다량 발생된 메탄 가스를 연료로 이용하여 가스발전 시스템을 적용, 전력을 생산하고 발전기의 폐열을 혐기성소화조의 가온유지를 위한 에너지원으로 사용하는 방법을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.In addition, the present invention is applied to the gas power generation system using a large amount of methane gas generated as a fuel by treating the food waste with the sewage sludge after the organic acid fermentation, producing electric power and the waste heat of the generator to maintain the warmth of the anaerobic digestion tank Its purpose is to provide a method of use.
본 발명의 상기의 목적 및 기타 목적들은 하기 설명되는 본 발명에 의하여 모두 달성될 수 있다.The above and other objects of the present invention can be achieved by the present invention described below.
도 1은 본 발명의 음식물쓰레기와 하수슬러지의 병합처리 방법의 전체 계통도이다.1 is an overall schematic diagram of a combined treatment method of food waste and sewage sludge of the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명의 전처리단계를 거친 음식물쓰레기의 중간처리단계를 나타낸 공정도이다.Figure 2 is a process chart showing an intermediate treatment step of the food waste that passed through the pretreatment step of the present invention.
도 3은 본 발명의 음식물쓰레기를 일정입도 미만으로 분쇄하고 이물질과 분리하는 전처리단계를 나타낸 공정도이다.Figure 3 is a process chart showing a pretreatment step of grinding the food waste of the present invention to less than a certain particle size and separating from the foreign matter.
도 4는 본 발명의 음식물쓰레기와 하수슬러지의 병합처리에 의해 발생된 메탄가스의 활용방법을 나타낸 공정도이다.4 is a process chart showing a method of utilizing methane gas generated by the combined treatment of food waste and sewage sludge of the present invention.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은,The present invention to achieve the above object,
음식물쓰레기와 하수슬러지의 병합처리를 위한 방법에 있어서, 습식선별분쇄기를 사용하여 수거 및 이송된 음식물쓰레기를 일정입도 미만으로 분쇄하고, 사이클론을 통하여 상기 분쇄된 음식물쓰레기로부터 미세 비중물을 분리하는 전처리단계, 조정조, 가수분해조, 산발효조를 통하여 상기 전처리단계를 거친 음식물쓰레기를 발효시키는 중간처리단계 및 상기 전처리단계 또는 중간처리단계를 거친 음식물쓰레기를 하수처리장의 혐기성소화조에 투입하여 하수슬러지와 병합처리하여 메탄가스를 생성하는 가스생성단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음식물쓰레기와 하수슬러지의 병합처리방법을 제공한다.In the method for the combined treatment of food waste and sewage sludge, pretreatment for pulverizing the collected and transported food waste to less than a certain particle size by using a wet sorting mill, and separating the fine specific gravity from the crushed food waste through a cyclone The intermediate treatment step of fermenting the food waste that passed through the pretreatment step through the step, the adjustment tank, the hydrolysis tank, and the acid fermentation tank and the food waste that passed through the pretreatment step or the intermediate treatment step are introduced into the anaerobic digestion tank of the sewage treatment plant and merged with the sewage sludge. Provides a combined treatment method of food waste and sewage sludge, characterized in that it comprises a gas generating step of treating and generating methane gas.
상기 전처리단계를 거친 음식물쓰레기는 0.5-5일 정도 유기산발효 시킬 수 있다.The food waste that passed through the pretreatment step can be fermented with organic acid about 0.5-5 days.
상기 중간처리단계에서의 pH는 분뇨, 정화조, 폐액, 혐기성소화조의 상징수 또는 수산화나트륨으로 이루어진 군으로부터 1이상 선택되는 pH조절제에 의해 조절될 수 있다.The pH in the intermediate treatment step may be adjusted by a pH adjusting agent selected from the group consisting of manure, septic tank, waste liquid, symbolic water of anaerobic digestion tank or sodium hydroxide.
상기 중간처리단계에서 pH 조절제는 pH 5미만시 자동 주입될 수 있다.In the intermediate treatment step, the pH adjusting agent may be automatically injected when the pH is less than 5.
또한 본 발명은 상기 혐기성소화조에서 발생하는 메탄가스가 가스발전공정을 통한 에너지원 생산의 수단으로 사용되는 가스발전단계를 추가로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음식물쓰레기와 하수슬러지의 병합처리방법을 제공한다.In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for the combined treatment of food waste and sewage sludge, further comprising a gas power generation step in which methane gas generated in the anaerobic digestion tank is used as a means of producing an energy source through a gas power generation process. .
상기 발전기 운전시 발생되는 폐열은 혐기성소화조의 온도를 35℃ 정도로 유지하기 위한 에너지원으로 사용될 수 있다.Waste heat generated during the operation of the generator can be used as an energy source for maintaining the temperature of the anaerobic digestion tank to about 35 ℃.
이하, 본 발명에 대하여 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
본 발명은 음식물쓰레기를 습식선별분쇄기를 사용하여 협잡물과 비중물을 분리하여 미생물 반응을 효과적으로 하기 위하여 일정입도 미만으로 분쇄하고, 사이클론을 통해 음식물쓰레기로부터 미세 비중물을 분리하는 전처리단계(도 3),상기 전처리단게에서 나온 음식물쓰레기를 조정조, 가수분해조, 산발효조를 통해 pH를 조절하고 산발효시키는 중간처리단계(도 2)와 상기 단계를 거친 음식물쓰레기를 하수처리장의 하수슬러지와 병합처리하여, 혐기성 소화공정을 통하여 생성된 메탄가스의 활용방법(도 4)으로 이루어진 음식물쓰레기와 하수슬러지의 병합처리방법이다.The present invention is a pre-treatment step of grinding the food waste to less than a certain particle size in order to effectively separate the contaminants and specific gravity by using a wet sorting mill to effectively microbial reaction, and separating the fine specific gravity from the food waste through a cyclone (Fig. 3) , By adjusting the pH of the food waste from the pre-treatment step, the hydrolysis tank, acid fermentation tank and the intermediate treatment step (Fig. 2) and acid fermentation of the food waste through the above step and merged with the sewage sludge of the sewage treatment plant , The method of using the methane gas produced through the anaerobic digestion process (Fig. 4) of the combined food waste and sewage sludge.
상기 혐기성 소화공정은 고농도 유기성 폐기물을 산소가 없는 상태에서 다양한 미생물군이 메탄가스와 이산화탄소, 그리고 최종적인 안정한 생성물로 분해하는 공정이라 할 수 있다.The anaerobic digestion process is a process in which a high concentration of organic waste is decomposed into methane gas, carbon dioxide, and finally a stable product in the absence of oxygen.
대개 혐기성 분해반응은 ⅰ) 가수분해 단계, ⅱ) 산생성 단계, ⅲ) 메탄생성 단계로 구분하지만, 가수분해와 산생성 단계를 합하여 산생성 단계, 그리고 메탄생성 단계와 함께 2단계로 나누기도 한다. 각 단계에 대한 반응은 다음과 같다.Usually anaerobic digestion is divided into two stages, i) hydrolysis, ii) acid production, and methane production, but both hydrolysis and acid production are combined with acid production and methane production. . The reaction for each step is as follows.
산생성 단계:Acid Generation Steps:
유기물질 + H₂O → 유기산(Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate, 등)Organic substance + H₂O → organic acid (Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate, etc.)
메탄생성 단계:Methane Generation Steps:
유기산(Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate, 등) + H₂O → CO₂ + CH₄Organic acids (Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate, etc.) + H₂O → CO₂ + CH₄
위의 두 단계 반응을 다음과 같이 하나의 식으로 표현할 수 있다.The above two-step reaction can be expressed in one equation as follows.
CnHaOb + (n - a/4 -b/2)H₂O → (n/2 - a/8 + b/4)CO₂ + (n/2 + a/8 -b/4)CH₄CnHaOb + (n-a / 4 -b / 2) H₂O → (n / 2-a / 8 + b / 4) CO₂ + (n / 2 + a / 8 -b / 4) CH₄
위의 두 단계 반응을 한 반응조내에서 혐기분해시킬 때 첫단계인 산 생성시 중간생성물인 아세테이트(Acetate)등의 축적으로 pH가 떨어지면서 메탄생성균의 활동에 저해작용을 일으킨다. 산생성 단계에서는 고분자 상태의 유기물질이 빠른 시간안에 효과적으로 가수분해 과정을 거쳐 유기산 형태로 전환된다. 대개 산 생성균의 활동에 적합한 pH는 5.7 내지 6.5 이고, 메탄 생성균의 활동에 적합한 pH는 6.8 내지 7.2 정도로 알려져 있다.When anaerobic digestion of the above two stage reactions in one reactor, the pH of the first step in the production of acid, such as acetate (Acetate) to accumulate drops, causing the methane-producing activity inhibits. In the acid production step, the organic material in the polymer state is converted into the organic acid form through the fast hydrolysis process effectively. Usually, the pH suitable for the activity of acid producing bacteria is known to be 5.7 to 6.5 and the pH suitable for the activity of methane producing bacteria is about 6.8 to 7.2.
미생물의 활성을 적절히 유지하기 위한 알칼리도는 2,000mg/L (as CaCO₃) 이상이 되는 것이 바람직하다. 대개 슬러지중에 어느 정도의 알칼리도가 있으나, 많은 양의 음식물쓰레기를 혼합시에는 알칼리도 보충이 필요하다. 그리고 미생물의 최적활동 온도는 중온 소화영역이 34 내지 37℃, 고온 소화영역이 50 내지 57℃정도이며 일반적으로 중온 소화를 많이 실시하고 있다.The alkalinity for properly maintaining the activity of the microorganism is preferably 2,000 mg / L (as CaCO 3) or more. Although there is usually some alkalinity in the sludge, it is necessary to replenish the alkalinity when mixing a large amount of food waste. The optimum activity temperature of the microorganism is 34 to 37 ℃ in the medium temperature digestion zone, 50 to 57 ℃ high temperature digestion zone is generally carried out a lot of medium temperature digestion.
또한 미생물의 성장에 필요한 물질로는 질소와 인이 있으며, 저해물질로는 중금속, 고농도의 암모니아, 염소, 나트륨 등이 있다.In addition, the materials required for the growth of microorganisms include nitrogen and phosphorus, and the inhibitors include heavy metals, high concentrations of ammonia, chlorine and sodium.
일반적으로 하수처리장에서 발생하는 하수슬러지를 처리하는 종래의 방법은, 하수슬러지를 농축조에서 농축시키고, 농축된 슬러지를 혐기성소화조(100)에서 처리하여 메탄 및 이산화탄소를 발생시키고, 고형물을 탈수하여 케이크로 만드는 공정으로 이루어졌으나, 본 발명은 슬러지 처리과정의 혐기성소화조(100)에 하수슬러지와 음식물쓰레기를 투입하여 병합처리 함으로써 메탄가스의 생산량을 증대시키고, 생성된 메탄가스를 가스발전공정의 에너지원으로 사용하게 되는 것이다.In general, a conventional method for treating sewage sludge generated in a sewage treatment plant is to concentrate sewage sludge in a concentration tank, treat the concentrated sludge in an anaerobic digestion tank 100 to generate methane and carbon dioxide, and dehydrate the solid to a cake. Although the present invention is made in the process, the present invention by adding the sewage sludge and food waste to the anaerobic digestion tank 100 of the sludge treatment process to increase the production of methane gas, the generated methane gas as an energy source of the gas power generation process Will be used.
상기 전처리단계를 살펴보면 다음과 같다.Looking at the preprocessing step is as follows.
수거 및 이송된 음식물쓰레기는 습식선별분쇄기(20)에서 회전력과 비중차에 의해 협잡물과 비중물이 분리되고, 미생물의 반응을 효과적으로 하기 위해 일정입도 미만으로 분쇄된다. 분리된 협잡물은 협잡물 제거기(50)에 투입되고, 비중물은 비중물 저장호퍼(90)로 이송된다. 저장된 음식물은 일정량씩 습식선별분쇄기(20)로 투입되어 튜브 내에서 로터의 회전에 의해 분쇄되고, 분쇄된 음식물은 하부 스크린을 거쳐 사이클론(30)으로 이송된다. 사이클론에서 농축기로 이송된 음식물쓰레기는 높은 함수율을 가지고 있어 농축기에서 함수율을 조정하며, 이때 농축 여액은 습식선별분쇄기 또는 협잡물제거기등으로 이송되어 재이용된다.The collected and transported food waste is separated from the wet matter crusher 20 by the force of gravity and the specific gravity of the contaminants and the specific gravity by the difference in the specific gravity, and pulverized below a certain particle size in order to effectively react the microorganisms. The separated contaminants are introduced into the contaminant remover 50, and the specific gravity is transferred to the specific gravity storage hopper 90. The stored food is fed into the wet sorting machine 20 by a predetermined amount and pulverized by the rotation of the rotor in the tube, and the crushed food is transferred to the cyclone 30 via the lower screen. Food waste transferred from the cyclone to the thickener has a high water content, so the water content is adjusted in the thickener, and the concentrated filtrate is transferred to a wet sorting mill or a debris remover for reuse.
습식선별 분쇄기에서 분리된 협잡물은 협잡물 제거기로 이송된다. 협잡물 제거기는 라이트 리젝트(Light Reject)를 횡형으로 설치하여 음식물과 협잡물을 분리하고, 분리된 음식물은 선별분쇄기로 재이송하여 음식물 쓰레기의 누출을 최소화하고 나머지 협잡물은 드럼스크린(60)으로 이송된다. 드럼스크린으로 이송된 협잡물은 협잡물 탈수기(70)로 이송전에 여액과 협잡물을 분리하며, 분리된 여액은 선별분쇄기등으로 이송되어 재사용되며 협잡물 탈수기로 이송된 협잡물은 최종처분되고, 탈수여액은 선별분쇄기등으로 반송되어 재사용 된다.The contaminants separated in the wet sorting mill are transferred to the contaminant remover. The debris remover installs a light reject in a horizontal manner to separate food and debris, and the separated food is re-transmitted to a sorting mill to minimize leakage of food waste and the remaining debris is transferred to the drum screen 60. . The contaminants transported to the drum screen are separated from the filtrate and the contaminants before transport to the condensate dehydrator 70, and the separated filtrate is transferred to a sorting mill and reused, and the debris transferred to the debris dehydrator is finally disposed, and the dehydration filtrate is a sorting mill. It is returned to and reused.
상기 분리 및 분쇄된 음식물쓰레기의 유입비율이 작을 때 농축기(40)에서 어느정도 산발효 효과가 있으면, 음식물쓰레기를 파쇄후 바로 가스생성단계의 혐기 성소화조(100)로 투입되며(도 2의 방법1), 그렇지 않은 경우 중간처리단계를 거치게 된다.When the inflow rate of the separated and pulverized food waste is small, if there is an acid fermentation effect to some extent in the concentrator 40, the food waste is immediately put into the anaerobic digestion tank 100 of the gas generating step immediately after crushing (method 1 of FIG. 2). Otherwise, it goes through an intermediary step.
이하 중간처리단계를 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the intermediate processing step will be described.
상기 분리 및 분쇄된 음식물쓰레기의 혐기성소화조 직접 투입시 음식물 쓰레기의 유기산 발생에 의해 pH 저하가 우려되는 경우, 조정조(120)를 설치하여 pH를 조정후 혐기성소화조에 투입하여 혐기성소화조 운전의 적정 pH를 유지 시킬 수 있는 특징을 가지고 있다(도 2의 방법2). 또한 가수분해 공정 및 산발효 공정을 두어 상기 분리 및 분쇄된 음식물쓰레기를 혐기성소화조에 주입하기 전 가수분해조(110)로 이송하여 가수분해를 유도하고, 산발효조(140)로 이송하여 발효를 시킨다. 이렇게 pH 조절 및 유기산 발효된 음식물쓰레기는 혐기성소화조에 투입시 빠른 분해로 인해 혐기성소화조의 체류시간이 단축될 수 있으며, 메탄가스의 발생량 또한 최대가 될 수 있는 특징이 있다(도 2의 방법3).When the pH of the separated and pulverized food waste is directly added to the anaerobic digestion tank, when the pH is feared due to organic acid generation of food waste, an adjustment tank 120 is installed to adjust the pH to be added to the anaerobic digestion tank to maintain the proper pH of the anaerobic digestion tank operation. It has a feature that can be made (method 2 of Figure 2). In addition, a hydrolysis process and an acid fermentation process are carried out before injecting the separated and pulverized food waste into an anaerobic digestion tank to induce hydrolysis by inducing hydrolysis and transporting it to an acid fermentation tank 140 for fermentation. . The pH control and organic acid fermented food waste can be shortened the residence time of the anaerobic digester due to rapid decomposition when added to the anaerobic digester, the amount of methane gas also has a feature that can be maximized (method 3 of FIG. 2). .
상기 pH 조정을 위해서는 분뇨, 정화조 폐액, 혐기성소화조의 상징수 또는 본 발명의 특징인 수산화나트륨(130)으로 이루어진 군으로부터 1이상 선택되는 pH 조절제가 사용된다. 이때 수산화나트륨은 상기 가수분해조 내의 pH 미터(Meter)에 의해 pH가 5 이하로 떨어지는 경우 자동주입될 수 있으나, 본 발명은 이에 제한되지 않는다.For pH adjustment, a pH adjuster selected from one or more selected from the group consisting of manure, septic tank waste liquid, anaerobic digestion tank, or sodium hydroxide 130 which is a feature of the present invention is used. In this case, sodium hydroxide may be automatically injected when the pH falls below 5 by a pH meter in the hydrolysis tank, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
혐기성소화조에서는 하수슬러지와 산발효된 음식물쓰레기의 혼합액을 추가의 산발효를 거쳐 메탄 생성균에 의해 최종산물인 메탄과 이산화탄소로 분해된다.In anaerobic digestion, the mixture of sewage sludge and acid-fermented food waste is further acid-fermented and decomposed into methane and carbon dioxide by the methane-producing bacteria.
음식물쓰레기와 하수슬러지의 혐기성소화조 병합처리시 발생되는 메탄가스는 가스발전공정의 에너지원으로 이용된다. 가스발전공정이란 음식물의 투입으로 인해 다량 발생된 메탄가스를 재이용하기 위한 공정이다. 혐기소화에서는 온도를33 내지 37℃, 보다 바람직하게는 35℃ 정도로 유지하여야 하는데, 이때 상기 가스발전공정시 나오는 발전기 폐열을 이용할 수 있다. 즉, 혐기성소화조에서 발생된 소화가스는 가스전처리설비(150)를 거치며, 순도 높은 연료가스로 정제되어 가스 저장조(160)로 이송되고, 이송된 가스는 일정량씩 가스발전 시스템(170, 180)으로 투입되어 전력을 생산하며, 이때 발전기(180)에서 발생한 폐열은 혐기성소화조의 가온을 위하여 사용한다(도 4).Methane gas generated from the anaerobic digestion of food waste and sewage sludge is used as an energy source for the gas power generation process. The gas power generation process is a process for reusing methane gas generated in large quantities due to food input. In anaerobic digestion, the temperature should be maintained at about 33 to 37 ° C., more preferably about 35 ° C., in which case generator waste heat from the gas power generation process may be used. That is, the digested gas generated in the anaerobic digestion tank passes through the gas pretreatment facility 150, is purified into a high purity fuel gas, and is transferred to the gas storage tank 160, and the transferred gas is supplied to the gas power generation systems 170 and 180 by a predetermined amount. Input power to produce power, in which the waste heat generated from the generator 180 is used for heating the anaerobic digestion tank (Fig. 4).
이하 본 발명에 의한 공정의 내용을 도면의 예를 들어 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the content of the process according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
도 1에서와 같이 수거 및 이송된 음식물쓰레기는 분쇄 및 분리의 전처리단계(도 3)를 거친 후 조정조(120), 가수분해조(110)와 산발효조(140)를 거쳐서 pH가 조절되고, 가수분해와 산발효가 이루어지는 중간처리단계(도 2)를 거치게 된다. 상기 전처리단계(도 3)와 중간처리단계(도 2)를 거친 음식물쓰레기는 하수처리장의 혐기성소화조(100)로 투입되어 하수슬러지와 함께 처리된다. 혐기성소화조에서 생성된 메탄가스는 가스 전처리설비(150), 가스 저장조(160), 가스엔진(170), 발전기(180)로 이루어진 가스발전공정(도 4)의 에너지원으로 사용되며, 발전기의 폐열은 혐기성소화조(100)의 가온을 유지하는 에너지원으로 사용된다.1, the collected and transported food waste is subjected to a pretreatment step (FIG. 3) of pulverization and separation, and then the pH is adjusted through the adjustment tank 120, the hydrolysis tank 110, and the acid fermentation tank 140, It goes through an intermediate treatment step (FIG. 2) in which decomposition and acid fermentation are performed. The food waste that passed through the pretreatment step (FIG. 3) and the intermediate treatment step (FIG. 2) is introduced into the anaerobic digestion tank 100 of the sewage treatment plant and treated with sewage sludge. Methane gas generated in the anaerobic digester is used as an energy source of the gas power generation process (Fig. 4) consisting of the gas pretreatment facility 150, gas storage tank 160, gas engine 170, generator 180, the waste heat of the generator Is used as an energy source to maintain the warming of the anaerobic digestion tank (100).
전처리단계는 도 3에서와 같이 음식물쓰레기가 저장호퍼(10)에 저장되었다가 습식선별분쇄기(20)를 거쳐 음식물쓰레기로부터 비중물과 협잡물이 분리되고, 일정입도 미만으로 분쇄된다. 분리된 협잡물은 협잡물제거기(50)를 거쳐 드럼스크린(60)으로 이송되고, 협잡물탈수기(70)를 통해 탈수되어 협잡물저장호퍼(80)에 저장되었다가 매립된다. 비중물은 비중물저장호퍼(90)에 저장되었다가 매립된다. 습식선별분쇄기(20)에서 협잡물과 비중물이 제거된 음식물쓰레기는 사이클론(30)을 거쳐 미세비중물이 분리되고, 농축기(40)에서 함수율이 조정되어 혐기성소화조(100) 또는 중간처리단계(도 2)로 투입된다. 이때 미세비중물은 비중물저장호퍼(90)에 저장되었다가 매립된다.In the pretreatment step, as shown in FIG. 3, the food waste is stored in the storage hopper 10, and the wet matter grinder 20 separates the specific gravity and the contaminants from the food waste and is pulverized to a predetermined particle size. The separated impurities are transported to the drum screen 60 via the impurities remover 50, dehydrated through the impurities dehydrator 70, and stored in the impurities storage hopper 80. The specific gravity material is stored in the specific gravity storage hopper 90 and then buried. The food waste from which the contaminants and the specific gravity are removed in the wet sorting mill 20 is separated through the cyclone 30, and the specific gravity is separated, and the moisture content is adjusted in the concentrator 40 so that the anaerobic digestion tank 100 or the intermediate treatment step (Fig. 2) is put into. At this time, the fine specific gravity is stored in the specific gravity storage hopper 90 is embedded.
중간처리단계는 도 2에서와 같이 상기 전처리단계(도 3)를 거친 음식물쓰레기가 조정조(120)로 투입되어 pH가 조절되거나, 가수분해조(110)와 산발효조(140)에 투입되어 pH 조절 및 가수분해와 산발효가 이루어진 후 혐기성소화조(100)로 투입된다.In the intermediate treatment step, the food waste passed through the pretreatment step (FIG. 3) is introduced into the adjustment tank 120 to adjust the pH, or is added to the hydrolysis tank 110 and the acid fermentation tank 140 to adjust the pH. And after hydrolysis and acid fermentation is made is introduced into the anaerobic digestion tank (100).
도 4에서와 같이 가스생성단계의 혐기성소화조(100)에서 생성된 메탄가스는 가스전처리설비(150), 가스저장조(160), 가스엔진(170)과 발전기(180)를 통해 전력을 생산하는 가스발전공정의 에너지원으로 사용된다. 이때 발전기에서 발생하는 폐열은 혐기성소화조(100)의 가온유지를 위해 사용된다.Methane gas generated in the anaerobic digestion tank 100 of the gas generation step as shown in Figure 4 is a gas for producing power through the gas pre-treatment facility 150, gas storage tank 160, gas engine 170 and generator 180 It is used as an energy source for the power generation process. At this time, the waste heat generated from the generator is used for maintaining the heating of the anaerobic digestion tank (100).
이상에서와 같이 본 발명은 음식물쓰레기와 하수슬러지를 병합 처리함으로써 음식물쓰레기를 효과적으로 감량화 할 수 있으며, 특히 기존의 하수처리시설 중 혐기소화설비를 이용할 경우 선별, 분쇄의 간단한 설비 도입만으로도 음식물쓰레기를 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 유용한 발명인 것이다.As described above, the present invention can effectively reduce food waste by combining food waste and sewage sludge, and in particular, when using anaerobic digestion facilities in existing sewage treatment facilities, food waste can be effectively removed by simply introducing a simple facility for sorting and grinding. It is a useful invention that can be processed.
또한 본 발명은 조정조, 가수분해조, 산발효조를 두어 가수분해와 산발효를거친 후 하수병합 처리하도록 하여 음식물쓰레기의 양과 적용현장의 혐기성소화조 운영조건에 따라 다양한 적용공정으로 처리할 수 있는 될 수 있는 효과가 있다.In addition, the present invention can be treated by various application processes depending on the amount of food waste and the anaerobic digestion tank operating conditions of the application site by putting a control tank, a hydrolysis tank, an acid fermentation tank to go through the hydrolysis and acid fermentation and then sewage combined treatment. It has an effect.
또한 혼합 처리시 생성되는 다량의 메탄가스는 기존 혐기성소화조의 낮은 효율시 이용할 수 없었던 메탄가스의 자원 재이용화를 가능하게 하여 가스발전공정을 통해 혐기성소화조의 가온과 전력을 생산할 수 있게 되었다.In addition, a large amount of methane gas generated during the mixing process enables the reuse of the resources of methane gas, which was not available at the low efficiency of the existing anaerobic digestion tank, and thus, it is possible to produce the heating and power of the anaerobic digestion tank through the gas power generation process.
상기에서 본 발명은 기재된 구체예를 중심으로 상세히 설명되었지만, 본 발명의 범주 및 기술사상 범위 내에서 다양한 변형 및 수정이 가능함은 당업자에게 있어서 명백한 것이며, 이러한 변형 및 수정이 첨부된 특허청구범위에 속하는 것도 당연한 것이다.While the invention has been described in detail above with reference to the described embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope and spirit of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the appended claims. It is also natural.
Claims (5)
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100745186B1 (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-08-01 | (주)정봉 | Organic waste processing unit and the method that use anaerobic digestion method |
| KR100828261B1 (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-05-07 | 주식회사 효성 | Refinery technology for bio gas and treatment method for sludge of sewage using method thereof |
| KR101011973B1 (en) * | 2008-10-13 | 2011-01-31 | 현대건설주식회사 | The Producing Process of Bio Gas from WasteWater and Manufacturing Apparatus |
| KR101013488B1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2011-02-10 | 주식회사 동흥산업개발 | Integrated circulation energy recycling system for waste water treatment system and cogeneration system |
| KR101157819B1 (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-06-22 | 이재기 | Food waste and wastewater pre treatment system |
| KR101222250B1 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-15 | 주식회사 에코비젼 | Advanced sludge reduction system and method using thermal expension and merging digestion |
| KR101314336B1 (en) * | 2011-08-18 | 2013-10-14 | 장희현 | Anaerobic Digestion System |
| KR101956361B1 (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2019-03-08 | (주)케이드 | Pre-treatment apparatus for anaerobic digestion of food wastes disposal |
| KR20210044090A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-22 | 가톨릭관동대학교산학협력단 | Sludge reduction and biogas production method using fisheries by-product acid fermentation broth |
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2003
- 2003-05-21 KR KR1020030032313A patent/KR20040100100A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100745186B1 (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-08-01 | (주)정봉 | Organic waste processing unit and the method that use anaerobic digestion method |
| KR100828261B1 (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-05-07 | 주식회사 효성 | Refinery technology for bio gas and treatment method for sludge of sewage using method thereof |
| KR101011973B1 (en) * | 2008-10-13 | 2011-01-31 | 현대건설주식회사 | The Producing Process of Bio Gas from WasteWater and Manufacturing Apparatus |
| KR101013488B1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2011-02-10 | 주식회사 동흥산업개발 | Integrated circulation energy recycling system for waste water treatment system and cogeneration system |
| KR101222250B1 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-15 | 주식회사 에코비젼 | Advanced sludge reduction system and method using thermal expension and merging digestion |
| KR101314336B1 (en) * | 2011-08-18 | 2013-10-14 | 장희현 | Anaerobic Digestion System |
| KR101157819B1 (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-06-22 | 이재기 | Food waste and wastewater pre treatment system |
| KR101956361B1 (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2019-03-08 | (주)케이드 | Pre-treatment apparatus for anaerobic digestion of food wastes disposal |
| KR20210044090A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-22 | 가톨릭관동대학교산학협력단 | Sludge reduction and biogas production method using fisheries by-product acid fermentation broth |
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