KR20040047328A - In plane switching mode liquid crystal display device having improved aperture ratio - Google Patents
In plane switching mode liquid crystal display device having improved aperture ratio Download PDFInfo
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- KR20040047328A KR20040047328A KR1020020075489A KR20020075489A KR20040047328A KR 20040047328 A KR20040047328 A KR 20040047328A KR 1020020075489 A KR1020020075489 A KR 1020020075489A KR 20020075489 A KR20020075489 A KR 20020075489A KR 20040047328 A KR20040047328 A KR 20040047328A
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- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136227—Through-hole connection of the pixel electrode to the active element through an insulation layer
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
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- G02F1/136286—Wiring, e.g. gate line, drain line
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
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- B32B2457/202—LCD, i.e. liquid crystal displays
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 횡전계모드 액정표시소자에 관한 것으로, 특히 화소내에 횡전계를 생성하고 입사되는 광을 편광시키는 금속배선을 배열하여 개구율을 대폭 향상시킬 수 있는 횡전계모드 액정표시소자에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device, and more particularly, to a transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device capable of greatly improving the aperture ratio by arranging metal wirings for generating a transverse electric field in a pixel and polarizing incident light.
근래, 핸드폰(Mobile Phone), PDA, 노트북컴퓨터와 같은 각종 휴대용 전자기기가 발전함에 따라 이에 적용할 수 있는 경박단소용의 평판표시장치(Flat Panel Display Device)에 대한 요구가 점차 증대되고 있다. 이러한 평판표시장치로는 LCD(Liquid Crystal Display), PDP(Plasma Display Panel), FED(Field Emission Display), VFD(Vacuum Fluorescent Display) 등이 활발히 연구되고 있지만, 양산화 기술, 구동수단의 용이성, 고화질의 구현이라는 이유로 인해 현재에는 액정표시소자(LCD)가 각광을 받고 있다.Recently, with the development of various portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, and notebook computers, there is a growing demand for flat panel display devices for light and thin applications. Such flat panel displays are being actively researched, such as LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), PDP (Plasma Display Panel), FED (Field Emission Display), VFD (Vacuum Fluorescent Display), but mass production technology, ease of driving means, Liquid crystal display devices (LCDs) are in the spotlight for reasons of implementation.
이러한 액정표시소자는 액정분자의 배열에 따라 다양한 표시모드가 존재하지만, 현재에는 흑백표시가 용이하고 응답속도가 빠르며 구동전압이 낮다는 장점때문에 주로 TN모드의 액정표시소자가 사용되고 있다. 이러한 TN모드 액정표시소자에서는 기판과 수평하게 배향된 액정분자가 전압이 인가될 때 기판과 거의 수직으로 배향된다. 따라서, 액정분자의 굴절율 이방성(refractive anisotropy)에 의해 전압의 인가시 시야각이 좁아진다는 문제가 있었다.Such liquid crystal display devices have various display modes according to the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules. However, TN mode liquid crystal display devices are mainly used because of the advantages of easy monochrome display, fast response speed, and low driving voltage. In such a TN mode liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules aligned horizontally with the substrate are almost perpendicular to the substrate when a voltage is applied. Therefore, there is a problem that the viewing angle is narrowed upon application of voltage due to the refractive anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules.
이러한 시야각문제를 해결하기 위해, 근래 광시야각특성(wide viewing angle characteristic)을 갖는 각종 모드의 액정표시소자가 제안되고 있지만, 그중에서도횡전계모드(In Plane Switching Mode)의 액정표시소자가 실제 양산에 적용되어 생산되고 있다. 상기 IPS모드 액정표시소자는 화소내에 평행으로 배열된 적어도 한쌍의 전극을 형성하여 기판과 실질적으로 평행한 횡전계를 형성함으로써 액정분자를 평면상으로 배향시키는 것이다.In order to solve this viewing angle problem, liquid crystal display devices of various modes having a wide viewing angle characteristic have recently been proposed, but among them, the liquid crystal display device of the in-plane switching mode is applied to actual production. It is produced. The IPS mode liquid crystal display device aligns liquid crystal molecules in a plane by forming at least one pair of electrodes arranged in parallel in a pixel to form a transverse electric field substantially parallel to the substrate.
도 1은 종래 IPS모드 액정표시소자의 구조를 나타내는 도면으로, 도 1(a)는 평면도이고 도 1(b)는 도 1(a)의 I-I'선 단면도이다. 도 1(a)에 도시된 바와 같이, 액정패널(1)의 화소는 종횡으로 배치된 게이트라인(3) 및 데이터라인(4)에 의해 정의된다. 도면에는 비록 (n,m)번째의 화소만을 도시하고 있지만 실제의 액정패널(1)에는 상기한 게이트라인(3)과 데이터라인(4)이 각각 N(>n)개 및 M(>m)개 배치되어 액정패널(1) 전체에 걸쳐서 N×M개의 화소를 형성한다. 상기 화소내의 게이트라인(3)과 데이터라인(4)의 교차영역에는 박막트랜지스터(10)가 형성되어 있다. 상기 박막트랜지스터(10)는 게이트라인(3)으로부터 주사신호가 인가되는 게이트전극(11)과, 상기 게이트전극(11) 위에 형성되어 주사신호가 인가됨에 따라 활성화되어 채널층을 형성하는 반도체층(12)과, 상기 반도체층(12) 위에 형성되어 데이터라인(4)을 통해 화상신호가 인가되는 소스전극(13) 및 드레인전극(14)으로 구성되어 외부로부터 입력되는 화상신호를 액정층에 인가한다.1 is a view showing the structure of a conventional IPS mode liquid crystal display device, in which FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view and FIG. 1 (b) is a sectional view taken along the line II ′ of FIG. As shown in FIG. 1A, the pixels of the liquid crystal panel 1 are defined by gate lines 3 and data lines 4 arranged vertically and horizontally. Although only the (n, m) th pixels are shown in the drawing, the actual liquid crystal panel 1 has N (> n) and M (> m) gate lines 3 and data lines 4, respectively. Are arranged so as to form N × M pixels over the entire liquid crystal panel 1. The thin film transistor 10 is formed at the intersection of the gate line 3 and the data line 4 in the pixel. The thin film transistor 10 includes a gate electrode 11 to which a scan signal is applied from the gate line 3, and a semiconductor layer formed on the gate electrode 11 and activated as a scan signal is applied to form a channel layer. 12 and a source electrode 13 and a drain electrode 14 formed on the semiconductor layer 12 and to which an image signal is applied through the data line 4. The image signal input from the outside is applied to the liquid crystal layer. do.
화소내에는 데이터라인(4)과 실질적으로 평행하게 배열된 복수의 공통전극(5)과 화소전극(7)이 배치되어 있다. 또한, 화소의 중간에는 상기 공통전극(5)과 접속되는 공통라인(16)이 배치되어 있으며, 상기 공통라인(16) 위에는 화소전극(7)과 접속되는 화소전극라인(18)이 배치되어 상기 공통라인(16)과 오버랩되어 있다. 상기 공통라인(16)과 화소전극라인(18)의 오버랩에 의해 횡전계모드 액정표시소자에는 축적용량(storage capacitance)이 형성된다.In the pixel, a plurality of common electrodes 5 and a pixel electrode 7 are arranged substantially parallel to the data line 4. In addition, a common line 16 connected to the common electrode 5 is disposed in the middle of the pixel, and a pixel electrode line 18 connected to the pixel electrode 7 is disposed on the common line 16. It overlaps with the common line 16. Storage capacitance is formed in the transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display by overlapping the common line 16 and the pixel electrode line 18.
상기와 같이, 구성된 IPS모드 액정표시소자에서 액정분자는 공통전극(5) 및 화소전극(7)과 실질적으로 평행하게 배향되어 있다. 박막트랜지스터(10)가 작동하여 화소전극(7)에 신호가 인가되면, 공통전극(5)과 화소전극(7) 사이에는 액정패널(1)과 실질적으로 평행한 횡전계가 발생하게 된다. 액정분자는 상기 횡전계를 따라 동일 평면상에서 회전하게 되므로, 액정분자의 굴절율 이방성에 의한 계조반전을 방지할 수 있게 된다.As described above, in the configured IPS mode liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented substantially in parallel with the common electrode 5 and the pixel electrode 7. When the thin film transistor 10 is operated to apply a signal to the pixel electrode 7, a transverse electric field substantially parallel to the liquid crystal panel 1 is generated between the common electrode 5 and the pixel electrode 7. Since the liquid crystal molecules rotate on the same plane along the transverse electric field, gray level inversion due to the refractive anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules can be prevented.
상기한 구조의 종래 IPS모드 액정표시소자를 도 1(b)의 단면도를 참조하여 더욱 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.The conventional IPS mode liquid crystal display device having the above structure will be described in more detail with reference to the cross-sectional view of FIG.
도 1(b)에 도시된 바와 같이, 제1기판(20) 위에는 게이트전극(11)이 형성되어 있으며, 상기 제1기판(20) 전체에 걸쳐 게이트절연층(22)이 적층되어 있다. 상기 게이트절연층(22) 위에는 반도체층(12)이 형성되어 있으며, 그 위에 소스전극(13) 및 드레인전극(14)이 형성되어 있다. 또한, 상기 제1기판(20) 전체에 걸쳐 보호층(passivation layer;24)이 형성되어 있다.As shown in FIG. 1B, a gate electrode 11 is formed on the first substrate 20, and a gate insulating layer 22 is stacked over the entire first substrate 20. The semiconductor layer 12 is formed on the gate insulating layer 22, and the source electrode 13 and the drain electrode 14 are formed thereon. In addition, a passivation layer 24 is formed on the entire first substrate 20.
또한, 상기 제1기판(20) 위에는 복수의 공통전극(5)이 형성되어 있고 게이트절연층(22) 위에는 화소전극(7) 및 데이터라인(4)이 형성되어, 상기 공통전극(5)과 화소전극(7) 사이에 횡전계가 발생한다.In addition, a plurality of common electrodes 5 are formed on the first substrate 20, and a pixel electrode 7 and a data line 4 are formed on the gate insulating layer 22 to form the common electrode 5. A transverse electric field is generated between the pixel electrodes 7.
제2기판(30)에는 블랙매트릭스(32)와 컬러필터층(34)이 형성되어 있다. 상기 블랙매트릭스(32)는 액정분자가 동작하지 않는 영역으로 광이 누설되는 것을 방지하기 위한 것으로, 도면에 도시한 바와 같이 박막트랜지스터(10) 영역 및 화소와 화소 사이(즉, 게이트라인 및 데이터라인 영역)에 주로 형성된다. 컬러필터층(34)은 R(Red), B(Blue), G(Green)로 구성되어 실제 컬러를 구현하기 위한 것이다.The black matrix 32 and the color filter layer 34 are formed on the second substrate 30. The black matrix 32 is to prevent light leakage into an area where the liquid crystal molecules do not operate. As shown in the drawing, the black matrix 32 is formed between the region of the thin film transistor 10 and between the pixel and the pixel (ie, the gate line and the data line). Area). The color filter layer 34 is composed of R (Red), B (Blue), and G (Green) to realize actual colors.
상기 제1기판(20) 및 제2기판(30) 사이에는 액정층(40)이 형성되어 액정패널(1)이 완성된다.The liquid crystal layer 40 is formed between the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 30 to complete the liquid crystal panel 1.
일반적으로 TN모드 액정표시소자의 경우 제1기판 및 제2기판에 형성되는 공통전극과 화소전극이 ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)와 같은 투명한 물질로 이루어진 반면에, IPS모드 액정표시소자는 상기 공통전극(5)과 화소전극(7)이 불투명한 금속으로 이루어진다. 따라서, IPS모드 액정표시소자는 TN모드 액정표시소자에 비해 시야각은 향상된다는 장점이 있는 반면에 개구율이 저하된다는 치명적인 단점이 있었다. 근래, IPS모드 액정표시소자의 개구율 향상을 위해 공통전극(5)과 화소전극(7)을 투명한 물질로 형성하는 방법 등이 제시되고 있지만, 이 경우 신호지연과 같은 다른 문제가 생기게 된다.In general, in the case of the TN mode liquid crystal display device, the common electrode and the pixel electrode formed on the first substrate and the second substrate are made of a transparent material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), whereas the IPS mode liquid crystal display device uses the common electrode ( 5) and pixel electrode 7 are made of an opaque metal. Accordingly, the IPS mode liquid crystal display device has a merit that the viewing angle is improved compared to the TN mode liquid crystal display device, whereas the aperture ratio is lowered. Recently, in order to improve the aperture ratio of the IPS mode liquid crystal display device, a method of forming the common electrode 5 and the pixel electrode 7 with a transparent material has been proposed, but in this case, other problems such as signal delay are caused.
본 발명은 상기한 문제를 해결하기 위한 것으로, 횡전계를 생성하는 공통전극 및 화소전극을 백라이트로부터 입력되는 광을 편광시키는 편광자로 사용함으로써 개구율을 향상시킬 수 있는 횡전계모드 액정표시소자를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device which can improve the aperture ratio by using a common electrode and a pixel electrode which generate a transverse electric field as a polarizer for polarizing light input from the backlight. For the purpose of
본 발명의 다른 목적은 공통전극 및 화소전극을 편광판 대신 사용함으로써 제조비용을 절감할 수 있는 횡전계모드 액정표시소자를 제공하는 것이다.Another object of the present invention is to provide a transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device which can reduce manufacturing costs by using a common electrode and a pixel electrode instead of a polarizing plate.
상기한 목적을 달성하기 위해, 본 발명의 일 관점에 따른 횡전계모드 액정표시소자는 복수의 화소를 정의하는 복수의 게이트라인 및 데이터라인과, 각 화소내에 배치된 구동소자와, 상기 화소내에 설정된 간격으로 배치되어 횡전계를 생성하며, 입력되는 광을 편광시키는 복수의 금속배선으로 구성된다.In order to achieve the above object, a transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device according to an aspect of the present invention comprises a plurality of gate lines and data lines defining a plurality of pixels, a driving element disposed in each pixel, and set in the pixel It is arranged at intervals to generate a transverse electric field, and consists of a plurality of metal wires for polarizing the incoming light.
상기 금속배선은 교대로 배열된 공통전극 및 화소전극으로서, 가시광선의 파장 보다 작은 간격, 예를 들면 200nm 이하의 간격으로 배치되어, 금속배선의 연장방향과 수평한 편광성분은 반사시키고 금속배선과 수직의 편광성분는 투과시킨다.The metal wirings are alternately arranged common electrodes and pixel electrodes, and are disposed at intervals smaller than the wavelength of visible light, for example, at intervals of 200 nm or less, so that the polarization component extending in the metal wiring and the horizontal polarization component are reflected and perpendicular to the metal wiring. The polarizing component of permeate | transmits.
또한, 본 발명의 다른 관점에 따른 횡전계모드 액정표시소자는 제1기판과 제2기판 및 그 사이에 형성된 액정층으로 이루어진 액정패널과, 상기 액정패널의 일측 하부에 설치되어 액정패널로 광을 발산하는 백라이트와, 상기 액정패널의 제2기판에 부착되어 액정패널을 투과하는 광을 편광시키는 편광판과, 상기 액정패널의 제1기판에 형성되어 액정층에 횡전계를 생성하고 백라이트로부터 입력되는 광을 편광시키는 편광자로 구성된다.In addition, the transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device according to another aspect of the present invention is a liquid crystal panel consisting of a liquid crystal layer formed between the first substrate and the second substrate and therebetween, and is provided below one side of the liquid crystal panel to emit light to the liquid crystal panel A light emitting backlight, a polarizing plate attached to a second substrate of the liquid crystal panel to polarize light passing through the liquid crystal panel, and a light formed on the first substrate of the liquid crystal panel to generate a transverse electric field in the liquid crystal layer and input from the backlight. It consists of a polarizer which polarizes.
상기 편광자는 제1기판에 평행하게 배열된 복수의 제1금속배선 및 제2금속배선으로 이루어지며, 상기 제1금속배선 및 제2금속배선의 연장방향과 수평한 편광방향의 광은 반사하고 제1금속배선 및 제2금속배선의 연장방향 수직한 편광방향의 광은 투과시킨다.The polarizer includes a plurality of first metal wires and second metal wires arranged in parallel with the first substrate, and reflects light in an extension direction of the first metal wire and the second metal wire and a polarization direction parallel to the first substrate. Light in the polarization direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the first metal wiring and the second metal wiring is transmitted.
제2기판에 부착되는 상기 편광판의 편광축방향은 제1금속배선 및 제2금속배선의 연장방향과 평행하므로, 전압이 인가되지 않은 경우 액정층을 통과하는 광은 상기 편광판을 투과하며 전압이 인가된 경우 광이 상기 편광판에 의해 차단된다.Since the direction of the polarization axis of the polarizing plate attached to the second substrate is parallel to the extending directions of the first metal wiring and the second metal wiring, when no voltage is applied, light passing through the liquid crystal layer passes through the polarizing plate and the voltage is applied. In this case, light is blocked by the polarizer.
도 1(a) 및 도 1(b)는 종래 횡전계모드 액정표시소자의 구조를 나타내는 도면.1 (a) and 1 (b) show the structure of a conventional transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device.
도 2는 격자배선 편광자의 기본적인 개념을 나타내는 도면.2 is a diagram illustrating a basic concept of a grating polarizer.
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 액정표시소자의 구조를 나타내는 평면도.3 is a plan view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention;
도 4는 본 발명의 액정표시소자에서 광의 편광상태를 나타내는 도면.4 is a view showing a polarization state of light in the liquid crystal display of the present invention.
도 5는 본 발명에 따른 액정표시소자의 광학축을 나타내는 도면.5 is a view showing an optical axis of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명 *Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings
101 : 액정패널 103 : 게이트라인101: liquid crystal panel 103: gate line
104 : 데이터라인 105 : 공통전극104: data line 105: common electrode
107 : 화소전극 110 : 박막트랜지스터107: pixel electrode 110: thin film transistor
111 : 게이트라인 112 : 반도체층111 gate line 112 semiconductor layer
113 : 소스전극 114 : 드레인전극113: source electrode 114: drain electrode
120,130 : 기판 140 : 액정층120,130: substrate 140: liquid crystal layer
150 : 백라이트 160 : 편광판150: backlight 160: polarizer
본 발명에서는 개구율이 향상된 IPS모드 액정표시소자를 제공한다. 특히, 본 발명에서는 화소내에 평행하게 배열되는 금속배선이 기판과 실질적으로 평행한 횡전계를 형성하는 공통전극 및 화소전극의 역할을 할 뿐만 아니라 액정층으로 입사되는 광을 편광시키는 격자배선 편광자(wire grid polarizer)의 역할을 한다. 다시 말해서, 횡전계를 생성하는 공통전극과 화소전극이 화소내에서 액정층을 투과하는 광을 블로킹하는 것이 아니라, 광을 편광시키는 것이다. 따라서, 공통전극과 화소전극이 불투명한 금속으로 이루어진 경우에도, 상기 공통전극과 화소전극이 광을 블로킹하는 것이 아니며, 그 결과 액정표시소자의 개구율을 향상시킬 수 있게 되는 것이다.The present invention provides an IPS mode liquid crystal display device having an improved aperture ratio. Particularly, in the present invention, a metal wiring arranged in parallel in a pixel serves as a common electrode and a pixel electrode to form a transverse electric field substantially parallel to the substrate, and a grid wiring polarizer for polarizing light incident on the liquid crystal layer. grid polarizer). In other words, the common electrode and the pixel electrode which generate the transverse electric field do not block the light passing through the liquid crystal layer in the pixel but polarize the light. Therefore, even when the common electrode and the pixel electrode are made of an opaque metal, the common electrode and the pixel electrode do not block light, and as a result, the aperture ratio of the liquid crystal display device can be improved.
근래, 격자형태로 배열된 금속배선에 의해 입사되는 광이 편광된다는 사실이 알려져 있으며, 이러한 편광자를 격자배선 편광자라 한다. 상기 격자배선 편광자의 개념을 간략하게 설명하면 다음과 같다.Recently, it is known that light incident by a metal wiring arranged in a lattice form is polarized, and such a polarizer is called a lattice wiring polarizer. The concept of the lattice polarizer is briefly described as follows.
도 2는 격자배선 편광자의 기본적인 개념을 나타내는 도면이다. 도면에 도시된 바와 같이, 일정 간격으로 배치된 복수의 금속배선에 편광되지 않은 광이 입사되면, 금속배선과 평행한 성분인 S-편광성분은 금속배선에 의해 반사된다. 입사되는 광이 가시광선인 경우 파장이 380∼770nm인 반면에 상기 금속배선의 간격은 약 200nm로서 입사광선의 파장이 상기 금속배선의 간격 보다 크기 때문에, 상기 금속배선과 수직한 P-편광성분은 상기 금속배선을 그대로 통과하게 된다.2 is a diagram illustrating a basic concept of a grating polarizer. As shown in the figure, when unpolarized light is incident on a plurality of metal wires arranged at regular intervals, the S-polarized light component, which is a component parallel to the metal wires, is reflected by the metal wires. When the incident light is visible light, the wavelength is 380 to 770 nm, whereas the interval of the metal wiring is about 200 nm, and since the wavelength of the incident light is larger than that of the metal wiring, the P-polarized component perpendicular to the metal wiring is the above-mentioned. It passes through the metal wiring as it is.
결국, 상기와 같은 격자형태 금속배선은 배선과 수직한 편광성분만을 투과시키고 다른 성분은 반사시키는 편광자의 역할을 하는 것이다.As a result, the lattice metal wiring as described above serves as a polarizer that transmits only a polarization component perpendicular to the wiring and reflects other components.
본 발명은 상기 개념을 이용한 것이다. 일반적으로 액정표시소자의 제1기판 및 제2기판에는 각각 제1편광판 및 제2편광판이 부착되어 액정층을 투과하는 광을 편광시키지만, 본 발명에서는 제1기판에 부착되는 편광판을 제거하고 이를 금속배선 편광자로 대치한다. 상기 금속배선을 공통전극과 화소전극의 역할을 하여 액정층에 기판과 평행한 횡전계를 생성한다.The present invention utilizes the above concept. In general, the first and second substrates of the liquid crystal display are attached to the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate, respectively, to polarize the light passing through the liquid crystal layer, but in the present invention, the polarizing plate attached to the first substrate is removed and the metal is removed. Replace with wiring polarizer. The metal wiring serves as a common electrode and a pixel electrode to generate a transverse electric field parallel to the substrate in the liquid crystal layer.
이하, 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명에 따른 IPS모드 액정표시소자에 대해 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, an IPS mode liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 IPS모드 액정표시소자의 구조를 나타내는 도면이다. 도면에 도시된 바와 같이, 액정패널(101)의 화소는 종횡으로 배치된 게이트라인(103) 및 데이터라인(104)에 의해 정의된다. 상기 화소내의 게이트라인(103)과 데이터라인(104)의 교차영역에는 박막트랜지스터(110)가 형성되어 있다. 도면에는 자세히 도시되어 있지 않지만, 상기 박막트랜지스터(110)는 기판위에 형성되어 게이트라인(103)으로부터 주사신호가 인가되는 게이트전극(111)과, 상기 게이트전극(111)을 덮고 있는 게이트절연층(도면표시하지 않음) 위에 형성되어 주사신호 인가됨에 따라 활성화되어 채널층을 형성하는 반도체층(112)과, 상기 반도체층(112) 위에 형성되어 데이터라인(104)을 통해 화상신호가 인가되는 소스전극(113) 및 드레인전극(114)과, 기판 전체에 걸쳐 적층된 보호층(도면표시하지 않음)으로 구성되어 외부로부터 입력되는 화상신호를 액정층에 인가한다.3 is a view showing the structure of an IPS mode liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, pixels of the liquid crystal panel 101 are defined by gate lines 103 and data lines 104 arranged vertically and horizontally. The thin film transistor 110 is formed at the intersection of the gate line 103 and the data line 104 in the pixel. Although not shown in detail in the drawing, the thin film transistor 110 is formed on a substrate, and includes a gate electrode 111 to which a scan signal is applied from the gate line 103, and a gate insulating layer covering the gate electrode 111 ( And a source electrode formed on the semiconductor layer 112 to be activated as a scan signal is applied, and to which an image signal is applied through the data line 104. (113) and the drain electrode 114, and a protective layer (not shown) stacked over the entire substrate to apply an image signal input from the outside to the liquid crystal layer.
화소내에는 데이터라인(104)과 실질적으로 평행하게 일정 간격(t)으로 배열된 금속배선(105,107)이 교대로 형성되어 있다. 상기 금속배선(105,107)은 가시광선의 파장인 380∼770nm 보다 작은 간격, 바람직하게는 단파장인 380nm의 1/2 정도, 더욱 바람직하게는 약 200nm의 간격으로 배열되어 있다.In the pixel, metal wirings 105 and 107 are alternately formed at a predetermined interval t substantially parallel to the data line 104. The metal wires 105 and 107 are arranged at intervals smaller than 380 to 770 nm, which are wavelengths of visible light, preferably at about 1/2 of 380 nm, which are shorter wavelengths, and more preferably at intervals of about 200 nm.
도면에 도시된 바와 같이, 제2금속배선(107)은 박막트랜지스터(110)의 드레인전극(114)에 접속되어 있다. 따라서, 데이터라인(104)을 거쳐 외부로부터 입력된 신호가 박막트랜지스터(110)를 통해 상기 제2금속배선(107)에 인가된다. 상기 제2금속배선(107)은 종래 IPS모드 액정표시소자의 화소전극에 대응한다. 또한, 상기 제2금속배선(107)과 대향하는 제1금속배선(105)은 공통전극에 대응한다. 따라서, 신호가 상기 제2금속배선, 즉 화소전극(107)에 인가됨에 따라 상기 제1금속배선, 즉 공통전극(105)과 화소전극(107) 사이에는 기판과 평행한 횡전계가 생성되는 것이다.As shown in the figure, the second metal wiring 107 is connected to the drain electrode 114 of the thin film transistor 110. Therefore, a signal input from the outside through the data line 104 is applied to the second metal wiring 107 through the thin film transistor 110. The second metal wiring 107 corresponds to the pixel electrode of the conventional IPS mode liquid crystal display device. In addition, the first metal wire 105 facing the second metal wire 107 corresponds to the common electrode. Accordingly, as a signal is applied to the second metal wiring, that is, the pixel electrode 107, a transverse electric field parallel to the substrate is generated between the first metal wiring, that is, the common electrode 105 and the pixel electrode 107. .
한편, 상기 제1금속배선(105)은 화소의 중앙에 배열된 제1라인(116)과 접속되며, 제2금속배선(107)은 제2라인(118)과 접속된다. 실제적으로, 상기 제1라인(116)과 제2라인(118)은 종래 IPS모드 액정표시소자의 공통라인과 화소전극라인에 해당하는 것으로, 절연층을 사이에 두고 오버랩되어 축적용량을 생성한다.Meanwhile, the first metal wire 105 is connected to the first line 116 arranged in the center of the pixel, and the second metal wire 107 is connected to the second line 118. In practice, the first line 116 and the second line 118 correspond to a common line and a pixel electrode line of a conventional IPS mode liquid crystal display, and overlap each other with an insulating layer therebetween to generate a storage capacitance.
상기한 바와 같이, 본 발명의 IPS모드 액정표시소자에서는 제1 및 제2금속배선(즉, 공통전극 및 화소전극)이 약 200nm의 간격으로 배열되어 있다. 이 간격은 가시광선의 파장 보다도 작은 거리이다. 따라서, 백라이트로부터 입사되는 편광되지 않은 가시광선이 상기 제1 및 제2금속배선(105,107)에 의해 편광되며, 이 편광된 광이 액정층을 투과하여 화면상에 원하는 화상을 표시하는 것이다.As described above, in the IPS mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the first and second metal wirings (ie, the common electrode and the pixel electrode) are arranged at intervals of about 200 nm. This distance is a distance smaller than the wavelength of visible light. Therefore, unpolarized visible light incident from the backlight is polarized by the first and second metal wires 105 and 107, and the polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer to display a desired image on the screen.
도 4는 본 발명에 따라 제작된 IPS모드 액정표시소자에서 광의 편광상태를 나타내는 단면도이고 도 5는 본 발명의 IPS모드 액정표시소자의 광학축방향을 나타내는 도면이다.4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a polarization state of light in an IPS mode liquid crystal display device manufactured according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a view showing an optical axis direction of the IPS mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
도 4에 도시된 바와 같이, 제1기판(120)과 제2기판(130) 사이에는 액정층(140)이 형성되어 있으며, 제2기판(130)에는 편광판(160)이 부착되어 있다. 반면에, 제1기판(120)에는 편광판이 부착되어 있지 않다. 종래 IPS모드 액정표시소자에서는 제1기판 및 제2기판에 편광판이 부착되어 있는 반면에, 본 발명에서 제1기판(120)에 편광판이 부착되지 않는 이유는 제1기판(120)에 배열된 금속배선(105,107)이 편광판의 역할을 하기 때문이다. 이때, 상기 금속배선(105,107)은 각각 공통전극과 화소전극을 나타내는 것으로, 도면에서는 설명을 단순화하기 위해, 다른 구성요소들(예를 들면, 게이트절연층, 보호층, 배향막 등)을 생략하였다.As shown in FIG. 4, the liquid crystal layer 140 is formed between the first substrate 120 and the second substrate 130, and the polarizer 160 is attached to the second substrate 130. On the other hand, the polarizing plate is not attached to the first substrate 120. In the conventional IPS mode liquid crystal display device, the polarizing plate is attached to the first substrate and the second substrate, whereas the polarizing plate is not attached to the first substrate 120 in the present invention. This is because the wirings 105 and 107 serve as polarizers. In this case, the metal wires 105 and 107 represent a common electrode and a pixel electrode, respectively, and other components (for example, a gate insulating layer, a protective layer, an alignment layer, etc.) are omitted in the drawing to simplify the description.
또한, 상기 제1기판(120)의 하부, 액정패널의 하부에는 액정층(140)으로 광을 입사하는 백라이트(150)가 설치되어 있다. 상기 백라이트(150)는 액정패널의 측면에 설치되어 발광하는 램프(152)와, 상기 램프로부터 입사되는 광을 면발광으로 변환하여 액정층(130)으로 입사시키는 도광판(154)으로 구성된다.In addition, a backlight 150 for injecting light into the liquid crystal layer 140 is provided below the first substrate 120 and below the liquid crystal panel. The backlight 150 includes a lamp 152 installed at the side of the liquid crystal panel and emitting light, and a light guide plate 154 for converting light incident from the lamp into surface emission and entering the liquid crystal layer 130.
도 5에 도시된 바와 같이, 제1기판(120)에 배열되는 금속배선(105,107)은 게이트라인 연장방향(θG=0°)에 대하여 θEL=90°의 방향으로 연장되어 있고, 제2기판(130)에 부착되는 편광판(160)은 θPL=90°의 편광축방향을 갖는다. 이때,배향막의 배향방향(θR)은 0°＜θR＜90°, 바람직하게는 θR=45°이다.As shown in FIG. 5, the metal wires 105 and 107 arranged on the first substrate 120 extend in the direction of θ EL = 90 ° with respect to the gate line extension direction (θ G = 0 °), and the second The polarizer 160 attached to the substrate 130 has a polarization axis direction of θ PL = 90 °. At this time, the orientation direction θ R of the alignment film is 0 ° <θ R <90 °, preferably θ R = 45 °.
상기와 같이, 구성된 본 발명의 IPS모드 액정표시소자에서 백라이트(150)로부터 발광되는 가시광선이 제1기판(120)의 금속배선(105,107)에 입사되면, 금속배선(105,107)의 연장방향(θEL)과 수평한 S-편광성분은 상기 금속배선(105,107)에 반사되고 금속배선(105,107)의 연장방향(θEL)과 수평한 P-편광성분은 상기 금속배선(105,107)을 투과하여 액정층(130)으로 입사된다. 상기와 같이, 본 발명의 IPS모드 액정표시소자에서는 불투명한 금속으로 이루어져 횡전계를 형성하는 금속배선(즉, 공통전극 및 화소전극)이 백라이트(150)로부터 입사되는 광을 편광하여 P-편광성분의 광만을 투과시키므로, 상기 금속배선(105,107)이 형성된 영역을 포함한 모든 영역의 액정층(140)으로 통해 P-편광성분의 광이 입사된다. 따라서, 상기 금속배선(105,107)이 광을 차단하지 않으며, 그 결과 IPS모드 액정표시소자의 개구율이 향상된다.As described above, when the visible light emitted from the backlight 150 is incident on the metal wires 105 and 107 of the first substrate 120 in the IPS mode liquid crystal display according to the present invention, the extension direction θ of the metal wires 105 and 107 is obtained. EL ) and the horizontal S-polarized component is reflected on the metal lines 105 and 107, and the extending direction θ EL of the metal lines 105 and 107 and the P-polarized component parallel to the metal line 105 and 107 are transmitted to the liquid crystal layer. Incident on 130. As described above, in the IPS mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a metal wiring (that is, a common electrode and a pixel electrode) made of an opaque metal to form a transverse electric field polarizes light incident from the backlight 150 to form a P-polarized component. Since only the light is transmitted through, the light of the P-polarized component is incident through the liquid crystal layer 140 in all regions including the regions in which the metallization lines 105 and 107 are formed. Accordingly, the metal wires 105 and 107 do not block light, and as a result, the aperture ratio of the IPS mode liquid crystal display device is improved.
상기 금속배선, 즉 화소전극(107)에 전압이 인가되지 않은 경우, 액정층(140)의 액정분자는 배향막의 배향방향(θR)을 따라 배향된다. 백라인트(150)로부터 발산된 광은 제1기판(120)의 금속배선(105,107)에 의해 금속배선(105,107)의 연장방향(θEL)과 수직한 방향으로 편광된 P-편광성분의 광만이 액정층(140)으로 입사된다. 액정층(140)에 입사된 광은 θR=45°의 방향으로 배향된 액정분자에 의해 위상지연이 발생하여 액정층(140)을 투과할 때는 광의 편광방향이상부기판(130)에 부착되는 편광판(160)의 편광축방향(θPL)과 평행하게 된다. 따라서, 액정층(140)을 통과하는 광은 모두 편광판(160)을 투과하게 되어 노멀리화이트모드(normally white mode)가 된다.When no voltage is applied to the metal wiring, that is, the pixel electrode 107, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 140 are aligned along the alignment direction θ R of the alignment layer. The light emitted from the backline 150 is only the light of the P-polarized component polarized by the metal wires 105 and 107 of the first substrate 120 in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction θ EL of the metal wires 105 and 107. Is incident on layer 140. When the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 140 passes through the liquid crystal layer 140 due to phase delay caused by the liquid crystal molecules oriented in the direction of θ R = 45 °, the light is attached to the polarization direction abnormal substrate 130. It becomes parallel to the polarization axis direction θ PL of the polarizing plate 160. Therefore, all the light passing through the liquid crystal layer 140 is transmitted through the polarizing plate 160 to be normally white mode.
한편, 금속배선(105,107)에 전압이 인가되는 경우, 상기 금속배선(105,107)에는 횡전계가 생성되므로, 액정분자는 상기 횡전계를 따라 배향된다. 즉, 액정분자가 θR=0°의 각도로 배향되는 것이다. 이 각도는 금속배선(105,107)에 의해 편광된 P-편광성분의 광과 동일한 방향이다. 따라서, 상기 금속배선(105,107)을 통해 편광되어 액정층(140)으로 입사된 광은 액정층(140)에서 위상지연이 발생하지 않으며, 그 결과 액정층(140)을 출력하는 광은 입사된 광과 동일한 편광방향(0°)을 갖는다. 그런데, 제2기판(130)에 부착되는 편광판(160)은 θPL=90°의 편광축방향을 갖는다. 따라서, 액정층(140)을 투과하는 광의 편광방향과 편광판(160)의 편광축방향은 서로 수직하게 되며, 그 결과 액정층(140)을 투과하는 광이 모두 상기 편광판(160)에 흡수되어 액정표시소자는 블랙상태가 된다.On the other hand, when a voltage is applied to the metal wires 105 and 107, since the transverse electric field is generated in the metal wires 105 and 107, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the transverse electric field. That is, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned at an angle of θ R = 0 °. This angle is in the same direction as the light of the P-polarized light component polarized by the metal lines 105 and 107. Therefore, phase delay does not occur in the liquid crystal layer 140 when the light polarized through the metal wires 105 and 107 is incident on the liquid crystal layer 140. As a result, the light output from the liquid crystal layer 140 is incident light. It has the same polarization direction (0 °) as However, the polarizing plate 160 attached to the second substrate 130 has a polarization axis direction of θ PL = 90 °. Accordingly, the polarization direction of the light passing through the liquid crystal layer 140 and the polarization axis direction of the polarizing plate 160 are perpendicular to each other. As a result, all of the light passing through the liquid crystal layer 140 is absorbed by the polarizing plate 160 to display the liquid crystal display. The device is black.
상술한 바와 같이, 본 발명의 IPS모드 액정표시소자에서는 화소내에 교대로 배열되는 공통전극과 화소전극이 횡전계를 생성하여 액정분자를 구동시킬 뿐만 아니라 입사되는 광을 편광하는 역할을 하게 된다. 이를 위해, 본 발명의 IPS모드 액정표시소자에서는 공통전극과 화소전극의 배치간격을 가시광선의 파장의 보다는 작게, 예를 들어 약 380nm 이하, 바람직하게는 가시광선의 단파장인 380nm의 1/2 정도, 더욱 바람직하게는 약 200nm로 설정한다. 상기한 바와 같은 배치간격을 유지하여 입력되는 광을 편광할 수만 있다면, 본 발명의 IPS모드 액정표시소자는 어떠한 구조로도 형성될 수 있을 것이다.As described above, in the IPS mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the common electrode and the pixel electrodes alternately arranged in the pixel generate a transverse electric field to drive the liquid crystal molecules and polarize the incident light. To this end, in the IPS mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the spacing between the common electrode and the pixel electrode is smaller than the wavelength of visible light, for example, about 380 nm or less, preferably about 1/2 of 380 nm, which is the short wavelength of visible light. Preferably it is set to about 200 nm. As long as it is possible to polarize the input light by maintaining the above-described arrangement interval, the IPS mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention may be formed in any structure.
상술한 바와 같이, 본 발명의 IPS모드 액정표시소자에서는 화소내에 배치되어 횡전계를 생성하는 공통전극 및 화소전극이 입사되는 광을 편광한다. 따라서, 본 발명에서는 다음과 같은 효과를 얻을 수 있게 된다.As described above, in the IPS mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the common electrode and the pixel electrode arranged in the pixel to generate the transverse electric field are polarized. Therefore, in the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
첫째, 개구율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 발명의 IPS모드 액정표시소자에서는 공통전극과 화소전극이 입사되는 광을 블로킹하는 광을 편광시킨다. 따라서, 공통전극 및 화소전극이 형성된 영역의 액정층으로도 광이 투과하므로 종래 IPS모드 액정표시소자에 비해 개구율이 대폭 향상된다. 실질적으로, P-편광성분의 약 80％ 이상이 공통전극 및 화소전극을 투과하므로, 본 발명에 따른 IPS모드 액정표시소자는 약 80％ 이상의 개구율을 확보할 수 있게 된다.First, the aperture ratio can be improved. In the IPS mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the light blocking the light incident on the common electrode and the pixel electrode is polarized. Therefore, the light transmits through the liquid crystal layer in the region where the common electrode and the pixel electrode are formed, and thus the aperture ratio is significantly improved compared to the conventional IPS mode liquid crystal display device. Substantially, since about 80% or more of the P-polarization component is transmitted through the common electrode and the pixel electrode, the IPS mode liquid crystal display device according to the present invention can secure an aperture ratio of about 80% or more.
둘째, 제조비용이 절감되는 것이다. 종래 IPS모드 액정표시소자에서는 백라이트로부터 입사되는 광을 편광하기 위해 제1기판에 편광판을 부착했지만, 본 발명의 IPS모드 액정표시소자에서는 상기 편광판의 역할을 공통전극 및 화소전극이 수행하므로, 제1기판에 부착되는 편광판이 필요없게 된다. 따라서, 제조비용을 절감할 수 있게 되는 것이다.Second, manufacturing costs are reduced. In the conventional IPS mode liquid crystal display device, a polarizing plate is attached to the first substrate to polarize light incident from the backlight. However, in the IPS mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention, since the common electrode and the pixel electrode perform the role of the polarizing plate, There is no need for a polarizer to be attached to the substrate. Therefore, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
Claims (16)
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| KR1020020075489A KR20040047328A (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2002-11-29 | In plane switching mode liquid crystal display device having improved aperture ratio |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7817225B2 (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2010-10-19 | Cheil Industries, Inc. | Polarizer with first and second patterns of wires where the first pattern of wires is positioned repeatedly and randomly among the second pattern of wires |
| US7876402B2 (en) | 2007-03-08 | 2011-01-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8947623B2 (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2015-02-03 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display and manufacturing method thereof |
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2002
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7817225B2 (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2010-10-19 | Cheil Industries, Inc. | Polarizer with first and second patterns of wires where the first pattern of wires is positioned repeatedly and randomly among the second pattern of wires |
| US7876402B2 (en) | 2007-03-08 | 2011-01-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8947623B2 (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2015-02-03 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display and manufacturing method thereof |
| US9217900B2 (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2015-12-22 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display and manufacturing method thereof |
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