KR20020051016A - Method for recycling of blast furnace gas - Google Patents

Method for recycling of blast furnace gas Download PDF

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KR20020051016A
KR20020051016A KR1020000080337A KR20000080337A KR20020051016A KR 20020051016 A KR20020051016 A KR 20020051016A KR 1020000080337 A KR1020000080337 A KR 1020000080337A KR 20000080337 A KR20000080337 A KR 20000080337A KR 20020051016 A KR20020051016 A KR 20020051016A
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South Korea
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blast furnace
product gas
gas
carbon source
waste
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KR1020000080337A
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Korean (ko)
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이덕성
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신현준
재단법인 포항산업과학연구원
이구택
주식회사 포스코
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Priority to KR1020000080337A priority Critical patent/KR20020051016A/en
Publication of KR20020051016A publication Critical patent/KR20020051016A/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/002—Evacuating and treating of exhaust gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C21B2005/005—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
    • C21B2100/22—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by reforming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for circulating additionally produced gas of a blast furnace is provided to use the gas as a reducing agent and a heat source for iron ore by injecting the gas into the blast furnace after reacting waste carbon source and the additionally produced gas of the blast furnace with pure oxygen, thereby gasifying the materials. CONSTITUTION: The method for circulating additionally produced gas of a blast furnace comprises the steps of bypassing the additionally produced gas of the blast furnace exhausted from the blast furnace; producing a reactive gas having principal constituents of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by the bypassed additionally produced gas of the blast furnace and waste carbon source with pure oxygen; and reinjecting the reactive gas into the blast furnace, wherein one or more materials selected from waste plastics, pulverize coal and tar are used as the waste carbon source, the bypassed additionally produced gas of the blast furnace and the waste carbon source are reacted with pure oxygen at the temperature range of 800 to 1200 deg.C, and a quantity of heat required for the reaction of the bypassed additionally produced gas of the blast furnace and waste carbon source with pure oxygen is supplied using a heat source generated from the additionally produced gas of the blast furnace.

Description

고로 부생가스의 고로 순환방법{Method for recycling of blast furnace gas}Method for recycling of blast furnace gas

본 발명은 철강공정에 관한 것으로서, 좀 더 상세하게는 제철소의 고로에서 발생하는 고로 부생가스를 폐탄소원과 함께 반응시켜 고로의 환원제 및 열원으로 사용하도록 하는 고로 부생가스의 고로 순환방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a steel process, and more particularly, to a blast furnace circulation method of the blast furnace by-product gas to be used as a reducing agent and a heat source of the blast furnace by-product gas from the blast furnace of the steelworks with the waste carbon source.

철광석을 환원시켜 선철을 생산하는 고로 공정은 환원제 및 열원으로써 코크스를 사용하고 있다.The blast furnace process for producing pig iron by reducing iron ore uses coke as a reducing agent and a heat source.

코크스는 일부 연소되어 열을 공급하고 철광석을 환원시키는 역할을 한다. 이 고로 공정에서 발생한 고로 부생가스가 BFG(Blast Furnace Gas)이며, 고로 부생가스는 발열량이 750kcal/Nm3으로 낮으나, 발생량이 막대하여 제철소의 주요 열원으로 이용되고 있다.Coke is partially burned to provide heat and to reduce iron ore. The blast furnace by-product gas generated in this blast furnace process is BFG (Blast Furnace Gas), and the blast furnace by-product gas has a low calorific value of 750 kcal / Nm3, but is generated as a major heat source in steel mills.

고로공정의 원료인 코크스는 주성분이 탄소로서 석탄을 건류하여 얻은 것이다. 이 과정에서 석탄에 함유된 여러가지 불순물에 의하여 여러가지 환경오염물질이 발생하며, 특히 탄소함량이 높은 원료로서 고로 공정에 이용시 이산화탄소의 발생이 높아지게 된다. 고로 부생가스의 약 21% 정도가 이산화탄소이며 20% 정도는 일산화탄소이다. 이 고로 부생가스를 연소하게 되면 막대한 양의 이산화탄소가 발생하게 되며 실제로 제철공정에서의 이산화탄소 발생의 약 50% 이상이 이 고로 부생가스의 연소에 의한 것이다.Coke, the raw material of the blast furnace process, is obtained by distilling coal as a main component of carbon. In this process, various environmental pollutants are generated by various impurities contained in coal, and in particular, carbon dioxide is increased when used in a blast furnace process as a raw material having a high carbon content. Therefore, about 21% of the by-product gas is carbon dioxide and about 20% is carbon monoxide. Combustion of the by-product gas produces a huge amount of carbon dioxide, and in fact, about 50% of the carbon dioxide generated in the steelmaking process is caused by the combustion of the by-product gas.

따라서 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 고로 공정의 원료인 코크스를 다른 물질로 대체하기 위한 방법이 많이 고안되어 왔다.Therefore, in order to solve this problem, many methods have been devised to replace coke, which is a raw material of the blast furnace process, with another material.

코크스 대체 방법의 예로서는 1) 미분탄을 고로에 직접 주입하는 방법, 2) 폐플라스틱, 폐유 등 폐탄소원을 고로에 주입하는 방법, 3) 고로 부생가스를 고로에 주입하는 방법 등이 있다.Examples of coke replacement methods include 1) direct injection of pulverized coal into the blast furnace, 2) injection of waste carbon sources such as waste plastic and waste oil into the blast furnace, and 3) injection of blast furnace by-product gas into the blast furnace.

첫번째 방법은 코크스를 제조하지 않고 석탄을 바로 이용함으로써 코크스 생산에 따른 설비비용 저감 및 오염물질 발생을 억제하는 효과가 있으나, 고로내에서 미분탄이 잘 연소되지 않고, 고체를 주입하여야 하므로 주입설비의 유지 관리가 용이하지 않은 단점이 있다.The first method has the effect of reducing equipment cost and pollutant generation by using coal directly without producing coke, but it does not burn coal finely in the blast furnace, and solids must be injected, thus maintaining injection facilities. There is a disadvantage that it is not easy to manage.

두번째 방법은 폐자원의 활용에 따른 경제적인 잇점과 환경오염물질이 될 수 있는 물질들을 고로에서 고온으로 연소시킴으로써 환경오염물질의 발생을 줄일 수 있으며, 코크스와 비교하여 탄소함량이 낮은 연료로 이산화탄소의 발생이 저감되는 효과가 있으나, 폐플라스틱의 경우 고로에 주입하기 위해서는 적절한 크기로 분쇄 및 성형되어야 하는 등 주입 설비의 고안 및 유지 관리가 용이하지 않은 문제점이있다.The second method is to reduce the generation of environmental pollutants by burning them at high temperature in the blast furnace, and economic benefits from the use of waste resources, and lower carbon content compared to coke. Although there is an effect of reducing the occurrence, in the case of waste plastic, there is a problem that the design and maintenance of the injection facility is not easy, such as to be crushed and molded to an appropriate size in order to be injected into the blast furnace.

세번째 방법은 고로 부생가스를 고로의 열원 및 환원제로 이용하는 것으로서 고로공정의 전체 탄소원 이용도를 높이고, 코크스를 대체하며, 발생되는 고로 부생가스 중의 이산화탄소의 함량이 높아지게 됨에 따라 이산화탄소 분리 설비의 설치시 설비비 및 분리 비용을 저감할 수 있는 잇점이 있으나, 고로 부생가스의 발열량과 온도가 낮아 고로 주입시 고로의 생산성이 떨어지게 되므로 추가로 순수산소를 첨가하여 열량을 보전해 주는 방법을 이용하고 있다. 이 때 필요한 산소의 양이 막대하므로 산소를 적절히 공급할 수 있는 생산설비 및 공급설비의 확보가 경제성을 좌우하게 된다.The third method is to use the blast furnace by-product gas as a heat source and reducing agent in the blast furnace, to increase the utilization of the overall carbon source in the blast furnace process, to replace the coke, and to increase the content of carbon dioxide in the blast furnace by-product gas generated, And there is an advantage to reduce the separation cost, but because the calorific value of the blast furnace by-product gas and the temperature of the blast furnace is lowered because the productivity of the blast furnace is added is using a method of preserving calories by adding pure oxygen. At this time, since the amount of oxygen required is huge, securing the production facilities and supply facilities capable of supplying oxygen appropriately depends on economic efficiency.

이와 같은 종래의 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 안출된 것으로, 본 발명의 목적은 폐탄소원과 고로 부생가스를 가스화 장치에 도입하여 순수산소와 함께 반응시켜 가스화한 후 고로로 주입하여 철광석의 환원제 및 열원으로 이용하게 하는 고로 부생가스의 고로 순환방법을 제공하는 데 있다.In order to solve these problems, the object of the present invention is to introduce a waste carbon source and blast furnace by-product gas into the gasifier and react with pure oxygen to gasify and inject into the blast furnace to be used as a reducing agent and heat source of iron ore. It is to provide a blast furnace circulation method of by-product gas.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 고로 부생가스의 고로 순환방법이 적용되는 장치의 구성을 개략적으로 도시한 도면이다.1 is a view schematically showing the configuration of an apparatus to which the blast furnace circulation method of blast furnace by-product gas according to the present invention is applied.

상술한 바와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명의 고로 부생가스의 고로 순환방법은 고로에서 배출된 고로 부생가스를 바이패스 시키는 단계; 상기 바이패스된 고로 부생가스와 폐탄소원을 순수산소와 반응시켜 일산화탄소와 수소를 주성분으로 하는 반응가스를 생성시키는 단계; 및 상기 반응가스를 고로로 재투입하는 단계를 포함한다.Blast furnace circulation method of the blast furnace by-product gas of the present invention to achieve the object as described above is the step of bypassing the blast furnace by-product gas discharged from the blast furnace; Reacting the bypassed blast furnace by-product gas and waste carbon source with pure oxygen to produce a reaction gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen as a main component; And re-charging the reaction gas to the blast furnace.

전술한 방법에서, 폐탄소원으로 폐플라스틱, 미분탄, 및 타르 중에서 선택된 적어도 하나 이상의 물질을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.In the aforementioned method, it is preferable to use at least one material selected from waste plastics, pulverized coal, and tar as the waste carbon source.

그리고, 바이패스된 고로 부생가스와 폐탄소원을 순수산소와 반응시 온도를 800~1200℃로 하는 것이 바람직하다.The temperature of the bypassed blast furnace by-product gas and waste carbon source with pure oxygen is preferably 800-1200 ° C.

또한, 바이패스된 고로 부생가스와 폐탄소원을 순수산소와 반응시 필요한 열량은 상기 고로 부생가스에서 발생되는 열원을 이용하여 공급하는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, the amount of heat required when the bypassed blast furnace by-product gas and waste carbon source react with pure oxygen is preferably supplied using a heat source generated from the blast furnace by-product gas.

이하 첨부된 도면에 의거하여 본 발명에 따른 바람직한 실시예들을 상세히 설명한다. 도 1은 본 발명에 따른 고로 부생가스의 고로 순환방법이 적용되는 장치의 구성을 개략적으로 도시한 도면이다.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 is a view schematically showing the configuration of an apparatus to which the blast furnace circulation method of blast furnace by-product gas according to the present invention is applied.

본 발명의 고로 부생가스를 이용하기 위해서는 고로 부생가스가 배출되는 경로에서 바이패스되는 가스화장치, 예를 들면 로(爐)와 같은 장치를 상기 고로와 연결시킨다.In order to use the blast furnace by-product gas of the present invention, a gasifier such as a furnace, which is bypassed in the blast furnace by-product discharge path, is connected to the blast furnace.

그리고 가스화장치의 내부로 폐탄소원과 산소를 공급하고 열원으로는 고로 부생가스를 이용한다.In addition, waste carbon and oxygen are supplied into the gasifier, and blast furnace by-product gas is used as a heat source.

본 발명에 이용되는 폐탄소원은 폐플라스틱, 타르, 미분탄, 및 폐유 등 탄소를 함유한 물질이며, 이들은 주로 카본(C)과 수소(H)로 이루어져 있어 CmHn과 같이 나타낼 수 있다.The waste carbon source used in the present invention is a material containing carbon such as waste plastic, tar, pulverized coal, and waste oil, and these are mainly composed of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) and thus can be represented as CmHn.

이 폐탄소원은 반응장치인 가스화장치에 고로 부생가스와 함께 주입된다. 여기에 순수산소를 주입하여 반응시키게 되면 아래와 같은 반응이 일어나게 된다.This waste carbon source is injected together with the blast furnace by-product gas into the gasifier. When pure oxygen is injected and reacted here, the following reaction occurs.

C + O2== CO2 C + O 2 == CO 2

CmHn + O2== CO2+ H2OCmHn + O 2 == CO 2 + H 2 O

H2+ O2== H2OH 2 + O 2 == H 2 O

위의 세가지 반응은 발열반응으로서 가스화반응기의 온도가 상승되게 된다. 가스화반응기의 온도가 800~1200℃가 되고 산소가 부족한 상태에 있으면 다음과 같은 반응이 일어난다.The three reactions above are exothermic and the temperature of the gasification reactor is increased. When the temperature of the gasification reactor reaches 800 ~ 1200 ℃ and the oxygen is in a state of the following reaction occurs.

C + O2== 2COC + O 2 == 2CO

C + H2O == CO + H2 C + H 2 O == CO + H 2

CmHn + O2== CO + H2 CmHn + O 2 == CO + H 2

CmHn + H2O == CO + H2 CmHn + H 2 O == CO + H 2

CO2+ C == COCO 2 + C == CO

CO2+ CmHn == CO + H2 CO 2 + CmHn == CO + H 2

위와 같은 반응으로 CO와 수소가 주성분인 가스를 얻을 수 있다. 이 가스는 발열양과 가스의 온도가 높으므로 고로에 주입시 열원으로 매우 우수한 효과를 나타낼 수 있으며, 또한 가스의 주성분이 CO와 수소로서 철광석의 환원제로 이용될 수 있어 코크스를 대체시킬 수 있다.By the above reaction, a gas whose main component is CO and hydrogen can be obtained. This gas has a high calorific value and a high temperature of the gas, so it can show a very good effect as a heat source when injected into the blast furnace, and the main components of the gas can be used as a reducing agent of iron ore as CO and hydrogen to replace coke.

폐플라스틱을 직접 고로에 주입하는 방법에서는 주입성 향상 및 고로내에서의 반응성 향상을 위해 적절한 크기와 고른 입도로 분쇄 및 성형하여야 하는데 비하여 본 발명의 가스화 장치는 이와 같은 분쇄 및 입도를 크게 요구하지 않는다.In the method of directly injecting waste plastic into the blast furnace, the gasification apparatus of the present invention does not require such crushing and granularity as much as it should be pulverized and molded to an appropriate size and even particle size to improve the injection property and reactivity in the blast furnace. .

고온에서 폐탄소원은 위의 반응식에서 볼 수 있듯이 폐탄소원이 일산화탄소와 수소로 전환되거나, 이산화탄소와 반응하여 일산화탄소와 수소로 전환되는 반응이 일어난다.At high temperature, the waste carbon source is converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen as shown in the above reaction, or the reaction is converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen by reaction with carbon dioxide.

이 과정은 매우 큰 흡열반응으로 열량의 공급이 충분하여야 한다. 본 발명에서는 순수산소를 주입하여 일부 폐탄소원을 연소시키으로써 반응에 필요한 열량을 얻도록 하였다.This process is a very large endothermic reaction with sufficient heat supply. In the present invention, by injecting pure oxygen to burn some waste carbon source to obtain the heat required for the reaction.

탄소함유 연료는 산소가 충분할 경우에는 완전 연소되어 모두 이산화탄소로 전환되나, 산소가 불충분 하게 되면 불완전 연소가 일어나게 되어 일산화탄소로 전환된다.Carbon-containing fuels are completely combusted when oxygen is sufficient and are all converted to carbon dioxide, but when oxygen is insufficient, incomplete combustion occurs and is converted to carbon monoxide.

따라서 적절한 양의 산소만 주입하여 이산화탄소의 발생을 최소화하면서 반응에 필요한 열량을 공급할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 반응온도는 최하 800℃ 이상이 되어야 하며 그 이하에서는 폐탄소원 및 고로 부생가스의 전환율이 떨어지게 되며, 온도가 1200℃ 이상의 고온에서는 전환율은 우수하나 열량이 많이 요구됨으로써 생성 가스중의 이산화탄소의 발생이 높아지게 된다.Therefore, only the appropriate amount of oxygen should be injected to minimize the generation of carbon dioxide and to supply the heat required for the reaction. The reaction temperature should be at least 800 ℃ and below, the conversion rate of waste carbon source and blast furnace by-product gas will be decreased.The conversion rate is good at high temperature of 1200 ℃ or higher, but the amount of heat is required so that the generation of carbon dioxide in the product gas is increased. do.

본 발명에서는 순수산소를 사용함으로써 반응의 활성을 높이고, 대기중의 공기를 사용할 경우의 질소 성분에 의한 열량 소모를 없애고자 하였다. 또한 이렇게 함으로써 생성가스를 고로에 이용시 높은 발열량을 얻을 수 있으며, 고로 부산물인 고로 부생가스에서도 질소 성분이 최소화되게 됨에 따라 고로 부생가스 자체 발열량 향상 및 고로 부생가스 중의 이산화탄소 함량 증가로 이산화탄소의 분리시 비용이 절감되는 효과를 얻을 수 있다.In the present invention, by using pure oxygen to increase the activity of the reaction, to eliminate the heat consumption by the nitrogen component when using the air in the atmosphere. In addition, high calorific value can be obtained when the generated gas is used in the blast furnace, and the nitrogen component is minimized in the blast furnace by-product gas, which is a by-product of the blast furnace. This saving effect can be obtained.

이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이 본 발명은 폐탄소원 이용시 주입설비의 문제점을 해결하고 생성된 가스의 발열량이 높아 고로 부생가스의 직접 순환시와 비교하여 산소 부하 비용을 절감할 수 있게 된다.As described above, the present invention solves the problem of the injection facility when using the waste carbon source, and the heat generation amount of the generated gas is high, compared with the direct circulation of the blast furnace by-product gas, it is possible to reduce the oxygen load cost.

또한 폐자원의 활용으로 경제적인 이득과 환경오염물질의 발생을 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있다.In addition, the utilization of waste resources has the advantage of reducing the economic benefits and the generation of environmental pollutants.

Claims (4)

고로에서 배출된 고로 부생가스를 바이패스 시키는 단계;Bypassing the blast furnace by-product gas discharged from the blast furnace; 상기 바이패스된 고로 부생가스와 폐탄소원을 순수산소와 반응시켜 일산화탄소와 수소를 주성분으로 하는 반응가스를 생성시키는 단계; 및Reacting the bypassed blast furnace by-product gas and waste carbon source with pure oxygen to produce a reaction gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen as a main component; And 상기 반응가스를 고로로 재투입하는 단계를 포함하는 고로 부생가스의 고로 순환방법.Blast furnace circulation method of the blast furnace by-product gas comprising the step of re-injecting the reaction gas into the blast furnace. 제 1 항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 폐탄소원으로 폐플라스틱, 미분탄, 및 타르 중에서 선택된 적어도 하나 이상의 물질을 사용하는 고로 부생가스의 고로 순환방법.Blast furnace circulation method of the blast furnace by-product gas using at least one material selected from waste plastic, pulverized coal, and tar as the waste carbon source. 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2, 상기 바이패스된 고로 부생가스와 폐탄소원을 순수산소와 반응시 온도를 800~1200℃로 하는 고로 부생가스의 고로 순환방법.Blast furnace circulation method of the blast furnace by-product gas to the temperature of 800 ~ 1200 ℃ when the bypassed blast furnace by-product gas and waste carbon source reacts with pure oxygen. 제 1 항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 바이패스된 고로 부생가스와 폐탄소원을 순수산소와 반응시 필요한 열량은 상기 고로 부생가스에서 발생되는 열원을 이용하여 공급하는 고로 부생가스의 고로 순환방법.Calorie circulation method of the blast furnace by-product gas to be supplied by using the heat source generated from the blast furnace by-product gas is the amount of heat required when the bypassed blast furnace by-product gas and waste carbon source reacts with pure oxygen.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011081276A1 (en) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-07 주식회사 포스코 Apparatus for manufacturing molten iron
KR20210070084A (en) * 2019-12-04 2021-06-14 주식회사 포스코 Apparatus for manufacturing molten irons and method for manufacturing the same

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JPS5756333A (en) * 1980-09-24 1982-04-03 Asahi Fiber Glass Co Ltd Utilizing method for waste gas
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JPS5679188A (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-06-29 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Utilization of gaseous by-product and device therefor
JPS5756333A (en) * 1980-09-24 1982-04-03 Asahi Fiber Glass Co Ltd Utilizing method for waste gas
JPS62243706A (en) * 1986-04-14 1987-10-24 Nippon Steel Corp Method for circulating gas generated in melt reduction smelting
JPH04358014A (en) * 1991-06-03 1992-12-11 Nippon Steel Corp Method for operating blast furnace
JPH11241109A (en) * 1997-12-24 1999-09-07 Nippon Steel Corp Method for injecting pulverized fine coal and reducing gas into blast furnace
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011081276A1 (en) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-07 주식회사 포스코 Apparatus for manufacturing molten iron
KR20210070084A (en) * 2019-12-04 2021-06-14 주식회사 포스코 Apparatus for manufacturing molten irons and method for manufacturing the same

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