KR20020019296A - Sintered alloy for valve seat manufactured by laser cladding - Google Patents

Sintered alloy for valve seat manufactured by laser cladding Download PDF

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KR20020019296A
KR20020019296A KR1020000052463A KR20000052463A KR20020019296A KR 20020019296 A KR20020019296 A KR 20020019296A KR 1020000052463 A KR1020000052463 A KR 1020000052463A KR 20000052463 A KR20000052463 A KR 20000052463A KR 20020019296 A KR20020019296 A KR 20020019296A
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South Korea
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valve seat
weight
metal powder
iron
copper
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KR1020000052463A
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Korean (ko)
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오중석
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이계안
현대자동차주식회사
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Publication of KR20020019296A publication Critical patent/KR20020019296A/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/06Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A sintered alloy for a valve seat manufactured by laser cladding is provided which improves abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance at a high temperature and bonding property with an engine block by manufacturing a valve seat the surface of which is alloyed. CONSTITUTION: The abrasion resistant sintered alloy for a valve seat comprises a main constituent of copper, 0.2 to 1.5 wt.% of carbon, 1.0 to 5.0 wt.% of silicon, 5.0 to 10.0 wt.% of nickel, 1.0 to 15.0 wt.% of chromium and 2.0 to 10.0 wt.% of iron. The method for manufacturing the abrasion resistant sintered alloy for a valve seat comprises the processes of manufacturing a mixed metal powder by containing a main constituent of copper, 0.2 to 1.5 wt.% of carbon, 1.0 to 5.0 wt.% of silicon, 5.0 to 10.0 wt.% of nickel, 1.0 to 15.0 wt.% of chromium and 2.0 to 10.0 wt.% of iron; and cladding the metal powder by injecting the mixed metal powder into a matrix of a cylinder head which is fused by scanning of electron beams.

Description

레이저 클래딩 공법으로 제조된 밸브시트용 소결합금{Sintered alloy for valve seat manufactured by laser cladding}Sintered alloy for valve seat manufactured by laser cladding

본 발명은 레이저 클래딩 공법으로 제조된 밸브시트용 소결합금에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 레이저로 실린더 헤드 부위를 조사하여 용융시키고 이와 동시에 구리를 주성분으로 하고 탄소, 규소, 니켈, 크롬 및 철이 함유되어 있는 합금분말을 주입(feeding)하여 표면이 합금화된 밸브시트를 제조함으로써, 고온에서의 내마모성 및 내식성이 우수하고 엔진 블록과의 접합성이 우수하여 기존의 엔진 성능에 비하여 매우 우수하도록 개선된 레이저 클래딩 공법으로 제조된 밸브시트용 소결합금에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a small alloy for valve seat manufactured by the laser cladding method, and more particularly, to irradiate and melt the cylinder head area with a laser, and at the same time contains copper as a main component and contains carbon, silicon, nickel, chromium and iron. Improved laser cladding method to produce valve seats with alloyed surface by feeding alloy powder, which is excellent in abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance at high temperature, and excellent in adhesion with engine block compared to existing engine performance. It relates to a small alloy for valve seat manufactured.

자동차의 엔진용 밸브 시트는 흡, 배기 밸브의 개폐시 밸브와의 기밀성을 유지하여 연소실의 효율을 높이는 역할을 하게 되는데, 그 결과 엔진부품으로 밸브와의 접촉 및 마찰, 배기 가스에의 노출 등을 견뎌내어야 하기때문에 내열성, 내마모성 및 내산화성이 요구된다.The valve seat for the engine of the automobile increases the efficiency of the combustion chamber by maintaining the airtightness with the valve when the intake and exhaust valves are opened and closed. As a result, the engine parts are used to prevent contact with the valve, friction, and exposure to exhaust gases. Heat resistance, abrasion resistance and oxidation resistance are required because they must be endured.

종래 사용되는 밸브시트용 소결합금은 철을 주성분으로 하고, 탄소 1.0 ∼ 1.6 중량%, 니켈 1.0 ∼ 3.0 중량%, 크롬 6.5 ∼ 9.0 중량%, 몰리브덴 1.0 ∼ 4.0 중량%, 코발트 5.0 ∼ 9.0 중량% 및 텅스텐 1.3 ∼ 2.8 중량% 및 구리 11.0 ∼ 18.0 중량%가 함유되어 있다. 상기 조성을 일정 함량으로 혼합하여 금속 분말을 제조한 다음, 면압 6 ∼ 7 ton/㎠를 가하여 성형한 다음, 환원성 분위기 하에 1130 ∼ 1180℃에서 60 분간 소결을 하고 동용침 및 열처리를 하여 밸브시트용 소결합금을 제조하게 된다. 이렇게 제조된 밸브시트용 소결합금은 실린더 헤드에압입하여 사용되고 있다.Conventionally used small alloys for valve seats include iron as a main component, carbon 1.0 to 1.6% by weight, nickel 1.0 to 3.0% by weight, chromium 6.5 to 9.0% by weight, molybdenum 1.0 to 4.0% by weight, cobalt 5.0 to 9.0% by weight, and 1.3 to 2.8 wt% of tungsten and 11.0 to 18.0 wt% of copper are contained. Metal powder was prepared by mixing the composition to a predetermined content, and then molded by applying a surface pressure of 6 to 7 ton / cm 2, followed by sintering at 1130 to 1180 ° C. for 60 minutes in a reducing atmosphere, and sintering for the valve sheet by copper infiltration and heat treatment. To produce an alloy. The small alloy for valve seat thus manufactured is used by press-fitting the cylinder head.

상기한 방법으로 제조된 소결합금은 기지조직내에 거대한 금속 입자가 분산된 미세 조직 특성을 가지고 원료의 가격이 저렴하고 용이하게 소결체를 제조할 수 있다. 그러나, 기지조직내의 거대한 금속 입자 외부의 충격에 의한 크랙 발생의 원인이 되어 내충격성이 떨어지게 되고, 경도가 높지 않아 엔진 밸브 시트와의 마찰에 의해 마모되기 쉬워 엔진 성능이 저하된다. 또한, 내마모성이 저하되어 마모면의 금속 입자의 탈락으로 실린더내 압축 가스가 샐 우려가 있고 가공성이 불량하여 이에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 특히, 실린더 헤드에 압입하여 사용되기 때문에 최근 엔진이 요구되는 고성능, 고출력화 추세에 따라 연소실 주위의 설계 자유도가 제한되어 냉각성능 개선에 한계가 있다.The small binder prepared by the above method has a microstructure characteristic in which large metal particles are dispersed in a matrix, and thus, a raw material can be manufactured at low cost and easily manufactured. However, it becomes a cause of the crack generation by the impact of the external large metal particle in a matrix, and falls in impact resistance, and since hardness is not high, it is easy to be worn by friction with an engine valve seat, and engine performance falls. In addition, the wear resistance is lowered, there is a fear that the in-cylinder compressed gas is leaked due to the drop of the metal particles of the wear surface, and workability is poor, and improvement is required. In particular, since it is used by press-fitting into the cylinder head, the design freedom around the combustion chamber is limited according to the trend of high performance and high output, which is currently required by the engine, and thus there is a limit in improving cooling performance.

따라서, 본 발명자들은 밸브시트를 제조하는데 있어서 종래 철을 주성분으로 하여 금속분말을 압입하여 밸브시트를 제조하는 방법보다는 구리를 주성분으로 하고, 여기에 탄소, 규소, 니켈, 크롬 및 철을 함유시켜 혼합금속분말을 제조하고 레이저로 실린더 헤드를 주사하여 용융시킴과 동시에 상기 제조된 혼합금속분말을 주입하여 표면이 합금된 밸브시트를 제조하였다. 밸브시트를 레이저 클래딩 가공함으로써 구리-니켈 고용체에 철-크롬의 경질상이 형성되어 내마모성이 우수하고 밸브시트의 직경을 증가시킬 수 있으며, 최근 엔진의 고성능, 고출력화 추세에 부합되는 밸브시트용 소결합금을 제조함으로써 본 발명을 완성하게 되었다.Therefore, the inventors of the present invention, in order to prepare a valve seat by injecting a metal powder with a conventional iron as a main component in the manufacture of the valve seat, the copper as a main component, containing carbon, silicon, nickel, chromium and iron mixed therein A metal powder was prepared, and a cylinder head was injected and melted by a laser, and at the same time, a mixed metal powder was injected to prepare a valve seat alloyed with a surface. By laser cladding the valve seat, a hard phase of iron-chromium is formed on the copper-nickel solid solution to provide excellent wear resistance and increase the diameter of the valve seat. The present invention was completed by the preparation of the present invention.

도 1은 본 발명의 레이저 클래딩 장치로 엔진 밸브 시트를 제조하는 방법의 개략도를 나타낸 것이고,1 shows a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing an engine valve seat with the laser cladding device of the present invention,

도 2는 본 발명의 레이저 클래딩 장치로 엔진 밸브 시트를 제조하는 방법의 사시도를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a method for manufacturing an engine valve seat with the laser cladding device of the present invention.

<도면의 간단한 설명><Brief Description of Drawings>

1: 원료분말 호퍼 2: 원료분말 주입노즐1: Raw material powder hopper 2: Raw material powder injection nozzle

3: 차폐가스 호퍼 4: 차폐가스 주입노즐3: shielding gas hopper 4: shielding gas injection nozzle

5: 레이저 빔 6: 반사미러5: laser beam 6: reflecting mirror

7: 렌즈 10: 엔진블록7: lens 10: engine block

11: 엔진밸브시트11: engine valve seat

본 발명은 밸브시트용 내마모 소결합금에 있어서, 구리를 주성분으로 하고, 탄소 0.2 ∼ 1.5 중량%, 규소 1.0 ∼ 5.0 중량%, 니켈 5.0 ∼ 10.0 중량%, 크롬 1.0 ∼ 15.0 중량% 및 철 2.0 ∼ 10.0 중량%가 함유되어 있는 밸브시트용 내마모 소결합금을 그 특징으로 한다.In the wear-resistant small alloy for valve seats, the present invention has copper as a main component, carbon 0.2 to 1.5% by weight, silicon 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, nickel 5.0 to 10.0% by weight, chromium 1.0 to 15.0% by weight, and iron 2.0 to 2.0. It is characterized by a wear resistant small alloy for valve seat containing 10.0% by weight.

또한, 본 발명은 밸브시트용 내마모 소결합금의 제조방법에 있어서, 구리를 주성분으로 하고, 여기에 탄소 0.2 ∼ 1.5 중량%, 규소 1.0 ∼ 5.0 중량%, 니켈 5.0 ∼ 10.0 중량%, 크롬 1.0 ∼ 15.0 중량% 및 철 2.0 ∼ 10.0 중량%를 함유시켜 혼합 금속분말을 제조하는 공정과, 상기 혼합 금속분말을 레이저 빔이 조사되어 용융된 실린더 헤드의 모재에 투입되어 금속분말이 클래딩 되는 공정으로 이루어진 밸브시트용 내마모 소결합금의 제조방법을 또 다른 특징으로 한다.Moreover, this invention is a manufacturing method of the wear-resistant small alloy for valve seats, Comprising: Copper as a main component, Carbon 0.2-1.5 weight%, Silicon 1.0-5.0 weight%, Nickel 5.0-10.0 weight%, Chromium 1.0- 15.0% by weight of iron and 2.0 to 10.0% by weight of the mixed metal powder is prepared, and the mixed metal powder is irradiated with a laser beam is injected into the base material of the molten cylinder head and the metal powder cladding process It is another feature of the method for producing a wear-resistant small alloy for sheet.

이와 같은 본 발명을 각 제조 공정의 단계별로 더욱 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다. 본 발명에서 구리를 주성분으로 하고, 내마모성 및 가공성의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 각 합금강 원소의 조성 범위를 설정한다.If the present invention will be described in more detail in each step of the manufacturing process as follows. In the present invention, copper is the main component, and the composition range of each alloy steel element is set in order to improve the problems of wear resistance and workability.

특히, 본 발명에서는 탄소, 규소, 니켈, 크롬 및 철을 함유시켜 실린더 헤드 모재에 레이저 빔을 조사함과 동시에 상기 혼합 금속분말을 주입하여 표면이 합금화되어 내마모성을 더욱 향상시킬 수 있다.Particularly, in the present invention, carbon, silicon, nickel, chromium and iron may be contained to irradiate a laser beam to the cylinder head base material and simultaneously inject the mixed metal powder to alloy the surface to further improve wear resistance.

먼저, 구리를 주성분으로 하고, 여기에 탄소 0.2 ∼ 1.5 중량%, 규소 1.0 ∼ 5.0 중량%, 니켈 5.0 ∼ 10.0 중량%, 크롬 1.0 ∼ 15.0 중량% 및 철 2.0 ∼ 10.0중량%가 함유되어 있는 혼합 금속분말을 제조한다.First, a mixed metal containing copper as a main component and containing 0.2 to 1.5% by weight of carbon, 1.0 to 5.0% by weight of silicon, 5.0 to 10.0% by weight of nickel, 1.0 to 15.0% by weight of chromium, and 2.0 to 10.0% by weight of iron. Prepare a powder.

종래, 엔진 밸브시트용 소결합금은 철을 주성분으로 한 것에 비하여 본 발명에서는 구리를 주성분으로 제조하는데, 이러한 구리는 열전도도를 향상시키는 특징을 부여할 수 있다. 탄소는 고속도강으로 합금내 입계를 강화시키고 크롬과 철 분말을 결합시켜 기계적 성질을 증가시키는 역할을 한다. 이때, 본 발명에서 사용되는 함량이 상기 범위 미만이면 탄화물 형성이 너무 적어 효과가 미흡하고, 상기 범위를 초과하게 되면 취약하여 바람직하지 못하게 된다.Conventionally, a small alloy for an engine valve seat is made of copper as a main component in comparison with iron as a main component, and such copper can provide a feature of improving thermal conductivity. Carbon is a high-speed steel that strengthens grain boundaries in alloys and combines chromium and iron powder to increase mechanical properties. At this time, if the content used in the present invention is less than the above range, the carbide formation is too small, the effect is insufficient, if exceeding the above range is weak and undesirable.

규소는 탈산제로서 밸브시트용 내마모 소결합금의 제조시 결정 입계에 편석 입계 탄화물의 석출을 저지하고, 입계 산화층을 동시에 저감시키는 역할은 하게 된다. 그러나, 합금 중에서 편석을 만드는 경향이 있고 강속에 존재하여 입계 산화층을 형성하게 되므로 상기 범위내로 함량을 제한하는 것이 바람직하다. 이때, 본 발명에서 사용되는 함량이 상기 범위 미만이면 탈산제로서의 효과가 미미하고, 상기 범위를 초과하게 되면 합금내 편석이 과량 형성되어 바람직하지 못하게 된다.Silicon serves as a deoxidizer to prevent precipitation of segregated grain boundary carbides at the grain boundaries during the production of wear resistant small alloys for valve seats and to simultaneously reduce the grain boundary oxide layers. However, since there is a tendency to make segregation in the alloy and exists in the steel to form a grain boundary oxide layer, it is preferable to limit the content within the above range. At this time, when the content used in the present invention is less than the above range, the effect as a deoxidizer is insignificant, and when it exceeds the above range, segregation in the alloy is excessively formed, which is not preferable.

니켈은 탄화물을 형성하지 않고 구리에 고용되어 기지조직을 강화시키고 내마모성도 향상시킨다. 본 발명에서 사용되는 함량이 상기 범위 미만이면 강화효과가 미흡하고, 상기 범위를 초과하게 되면 경제성이 없어 바람직하지 못하게 된다.Nickel does not form carbides, but rather is dissolved in copper to enhance matrix structure and improve wear resistance. If the content used in the present invention is less than the above range, the reinforcing effect is insufficient, and if it exceeds the above range, it is not economical and is not preferable.

크롬은 실리콘과 크롬실리사이드를 형성하여 강도를 향상시키고 탄소와 크롬카바이드를 형성하여 경도를 증가시켜 내마모성을 향상시킨다. 이때, 본 발명에서 사용되는 함량이 상기 범위 미만이면 균질하게 형성이 잘 안되어 효과가 미흡하고,상기 범위를 초과하게 되면 합금화시 균열이 발생되어 바람직하지 못하게 된다.Chromium improves its strength by forming silicon and chromium silicide, and by forming carbon and chromium carbide to increase its hardness, thereby improving wear resistance. At this time, if the content used in the present invention is less than the above-mentioned range is not well formed homogeneously, the effect is insufficient, if it exceeds the above-mentioned range is cracked when alloying is not preferable.

철은 구리-니켈 고용체에서 구리에 일부 고용되거나, 철-크롬실리사이드의 경질상을 형성하여 내마모성을 증가시킬 수 있다. 이때, 본 발명에서 사용되는 함량이 상기 범위 미만이면 조직강화 및 내마모성 향상이 미흡하고, 상기 범위를 초과하게 되면 조직이 조대화되어 역효과가 발생되어 바람직하지 못하게 된다.Iron may be partially dissolved in copper in the copper-nickel solid solution, or may form a hard phase of iron-chrome silicide to increase wear resistance. At this time, if the content used in the present invention is less than the above range is insufficient tissue strengthening and abrasion resistance improvement, if the content exceeds the above range is coarse tissue is generated adverse effect is undesirable.

이어서, 레이저 빔을 엔진블록의 실린더 헤드에 주입하여 표면을 용융시킴과 동시에, 상기 용융된 실린더 헤드에 상기 공정에서 혼합된 혼합 금속분말을 차폐가스와 더불어 주입하여 엔진블록의 실린더 헤드에 주입하고, 실린더 헤드의 재료인 모재에 금속분말이 클래딩 되게 하여 엔진 밸브시트를 제조하여 본 발명을 완성한다.Subsequently, the laser beam is injected into the cylinder head of the engine block to melt the surface, and the mixed metal powder mixed in the process is injected into the cylinder head of the engine block by injecting the mixed metal powder mixed in the process into the cylinder head of the engine block. The present invention is completed by manufacturing an engine valve seat by cladding a metal powder on a base material of a cylinder head.

레이저 클래딩 공정은 종래 소결합금을 주입하던 방식에 비하여 제조공정이 간단하고 빠르며 분말합금 설계 자유도가 커서 원하는 특성대로 제조가 가능한 특징이 있다. 일단, 모재에 레이저 빔을 조사하게 되면 표면이 용융되고, 여기에 혼합 금속분말을 주입하게 되면 표면이 합금화된다. 더 상세히 설명하면 레이저 빔은 렌즈 등으로 집광된 106∼ 108W/cm2정도로 매우 높은 파워 밀도를 갖은 빛으로 표면에 조사(照射)하면 그 에너지가 열로 변환되고 재료 표면만이 아주 짧은 시간 동안 가열되고, 이 가열된 표면에 분말을 피더(Feeder)로 공급하면 합금화가 되어 원하는 성질의 합금층이 형성된다.The laser cladding process has a feature that the manufacturing process is simple and fast, and the powder alloy design freedom is large, compared to the conventional method of injecting small alloys, and thus can be manufactured according to desired characteristics. Once the base material is irradiated with a laser beam, the surface melts, and when the mixed metal powder is injected therein, the surface is alloyed. In more detail, the laser beam is light having a very high power density of 10 6 to 10 8 W / cm 2 condensed by a lens, etc. Is heated, and the powder is fed to the heated surface by a feeder to alloy and form an alloy layer having a desired property.

그리고, 금속분말을 노즐을 통하여 엔진 밸브 시트 홈에 주입시 이와 동시에차폐가스(shielding gas)를 공급하는데, 이러한 차폐가스는 금속분말과 함께 혼합되어 공급되거나 별도의 장치를 통해서도 공급할 수 있다. 상기 차폐가스는 혼합 금속분말의 이송을 원활히 하고, 혼합 금속분말을 외부 공기로부터 차단하여 클래딩 가공시 금속분말이 산화되는 것을 방지하게 된다.In addition, when the metal powder is injected into the engine valve seat groove through the nozzle, at the same time, a shielding gas is supplied. The shielding gas may be mixed with the metal powder or supplied through a separate device. The shielding gas facilitates the transfer of the mixed metal powder and prevents the metal powder from being oxidized during the cladding process by blocking the mixed metal powder from external air.

본 발명에서 사용되는 차폐가스는 불활성 가스가 이용되고, 바람직하기로는 아르곤 가스 또는 헬륨 가스 중에서 선택하여 사용한다.As the shielding gas used in the present invention, an inert gas is used, and preferably, argon gas or helium gas is used.

또한, 본 발명에서는 레이저 클래딩 가공에 사용되는 통상적인 장치를 제공하며, 그 일예를 첨부도면 도 1에 도시하였는 바, 이를 보다 상세히게 설명하면 다음과 같다.In addition, the present invention provides a conventional apparatus used for laser cladding processing, an example thereof is shown in Figure 1, which will be described in more detail as follows.

도 1에 의하면, 레이저 클래딩 장치는 금속분말을 저장하고 소정 장소로 공급하는 혼합 금속분말 호퍼(1), 상기 혼합 금속분말 호퍼(1)에 공급된 금속분말을 실린더 헤드의 밸브시트 가공 위치로 공급하는 노즐(2), 금속분말의 산화를 방지하기 위해 공급되는 차폐가스를 공급하는 호퍼(3) 및 금속분말에 공급하는 차폐가스를 공급하는 차폐가스 공급용 노즐(4)로 구성되는 금속분말 공급 수단과, 소정의 레이저 빔(5)을 발생하는 레이저 빔 공급원과, 그 레이저 빔 공급원으로부터 투사되는 레이저 빔을 금속분말로 집중화할 수 있는 렌즈(6) 및 반사 미러(7)로 구성되는 레이저 빔 조사수단을 포함하고 있다. 상기한 레이저 클래딩 장치를 이용하여 밸브시트를 가공할 경우, 우선 레이저 빔 공급원으로부터 레이저 빔을 렌즈(6) 및 반사미러(7)를 이용하여 실린더 헤드를 주입하여 표면을 용융시키고, 본 발명의 조성에 따라 혼합된 금속분말을 공급호퍼(1)에 연결된 노즐(2)을 통하여엔진블록(10)내 실린더 헤드의 밸브 시트(11) 가공위치로 조준하여 차폐가스와 동시에 주입하여 표면을 합금화 시킨다. 이때, 금속분말을 조사되는 레이저 빔(5)에 의해 클래딩된다.1, the laser cladding apparatus supplies a mixed metal powder hopper 1 for storing and supplying a metal powder to a predetermined place, and supplying the metal powder supplied to the mixed metal powder hopper 1 to a valve seat processing position of a cylinder head. Metal powder supply comprising a nozzle 2, a hopper 3 for supplying a shielding gas supplied to prevent oxidation of the metal powder, and a shielding gas supply nozzle 4 for supplying a shielding gas supplied to the metal powder. Means, a laser beam source configured to generate a predetermined laser beam 5, and a laser beam composed of a lens 6 and a reflection mirror 7 capable of concentrating a laser beam projected from the laser beam source with metal powder. Investigation means are included. When the valve seat is processed using the above laser cladding apparatus, first, the cylinder beam is injected from the laser beam source using the lens 6 and the reflecting mirror 7 to melt the surface, and the composition of the present invention. The mixed metal powder is injected into the machining position of the valve seat 11 of the cylinder head in the engine block 10 through the nozzle 2 connected to the feed hopper 1 and injected simultaneously with the shielding gas to alloy the surface. At this time, the metal powder is clad by the laser beam 5 irradiated.

이상과 같은 공정을 통하여 제조된 밸브시트용 내마모 소결합금은 기지 조직에 미세한 구형 입자가 분산된 표면 특성을 나타내어, 마모시 탈락되는 탄화물의 입자 크기가 매우 적어 전체적인 마모량이 감소된다. 그리고, 분산된 금속 입자가 매우 미세하고 레이저 클래딩 공정으로 거쳐 제조할 수 있어 가공의 연속성을 가짐에 따라 가공성이 향상된다.The wear-resistant small alloy for valve seats prepared through the above process exhibits surface characteristics in which fine spherical particles are dispersed in a matrix structure, so that the size of carbides dropped during wear is very small, thereby reducing the overall wear amount. In addition, as the dispersed metal particles are very fine and can be manufactured through a laser cladding process, workability is improved as the processing continuity is achieved.

이하, 본 발명을 실시예에 의하여 더욱 상세하게 설명하겠는 바, 이러한 본 발명에 실시예에 의하여 한정되는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention.

실시예 1 ∼ 3 및 비교예 1 ∼ 2Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2

다음 표 1에 나타낸 바와 같은 조성 및 함량으로 혼합 금속분말을 제조한 다음, 모재로 알루미늄 합금(AC2B)을 사용하여, 상기에서 혼합한 금속분말을 3.5KW의 출력으로 레이저 빔을 조사하여 모재에 클래딩하였다. 보호 가스로는 아르곤 가스를 사용하였으며, 시편을 제조하여 내마모성 시험을 실시하였다. 상기 내마모성 시험은 핀-온 디스크형으로 실시하여 마찰계수와 마모량을 측정하고, 그 결과를 다음 표 1에 나타내었다. 이때, 측정조건은 다음과 같다.Next, a mixed metal powder was prepared with the composition and content as shown in Table 1, and then the aluminum metal (AC2B) was used as the base material, and the mixed metal powder was clad on the base material by irradiating a laser beam with an output of 3.5 KW. It was. Argon gas was used as the protective gas, and a specimen was prepared and subjected to abrasion resistance test. The abrasion resistance test was carried out in a pin-on disk type to measure the coefficient of friction and the amount of wear, the results are shown in Table 1 below. At this time, the measurement conditions are as follows.

슬라이딩 형태: 회전 속도:2.8 m/secSliding Mode: Rotational Speed: 2.8 m / sec

거리:30 km 작동하중: 10kgDistance: 30 km Working load: 10 kg

표면조도: 0.2㎛ 디스크 온도: 150℃Surface Roughness: 0.2㎛ Disc Temperature: 150 ℃

시험상태: 건식 핀: 내열강Test Condition: Dry Fin: Heat Resistant Steel

디스크: 소결재(철계)/레이저 클래딩재(동계)Disc: Sintered material (iron type) / Laser cladding material (copper type)

상기 표 1에 의하면, 실시예 1 ∼ 3의 밸브시트 시편은 종래 철을 주성분으로 하는 밸브시트에 비하여 마찰계수가 낮고, 마모량이 현저히 줄어듬을 알 수 있었다.According to Table 1, it was found that the valve seat specimens of Examples 1 to 3 had a lower coefficient of friction and significantly reduced wear compared with conventional valve seats containing iron.

이러한 결과에서 알수 있듯이, 본 발명에서는 구리를 주성분으로 하고, 니켈, 규소, 철, 크롬, 및 탄소가 함유되어 있는 밸브시트 합금 조성물을 레이저 클래딩을 이용하여 내마모성이 우수한 밸브시트를 제조하게 되었다. 레이저 클래딩은 에너지 밀도가 높은 레이저 빔의 특성을 이용한 기술로서 모재와 클래드 층과의 접합이 매우 우수하여 접합강도가 높고 기존의 기술보다 단시간에 가공 생산할 수 있는 장점이 있다.As can be seen from these results, in the present invention, a valve seat alloy composition containing copper as a main component and containing nickel, silicon, iron, chromium, and carbon was manufactured using laser cladding to produce a valve seat having excellent wear resistance. Laser cladding is a technology using the characteristics of a laser beam with a high energy density, the bonding between the base material and the cladding layer is very good, the bonding strength is high and can be processed and produced in a short time than the existing technology.

Claims (2)

밸브시트용 내마모 소결합금에 있어서, 구리를 주성분으로 하고, 탄소 0.2 ∼ 1.5 중량%, 규소 1.0 ∼ 5.0 중량%, 니켈 5.0 ∼ 10.0 중량%, 크롬 1.0 ∼ 15.0 중량% 및 철 2.0 ∼ 10.0 중량%가 함유되어 있는 것임을 특징으로 하는 밸브시트용 내마모 소결합금.In the wear-resistant small alloy for valve seats, copper is mainly composed of 0.2 to 1.5% by weight of carbon, 1.0 to 5.0% by weight of silicon, 5.0 to 10.0% by weight of nickel, 1.0 to 15.0% by weight of chromium and 2.0 to 10.0% by weight of iron. Wear-resistant small alloy for valve seats, characterized in that it contains. 밸브시트용 내마모 소결합금의 제조방법에 있어서, 구리를 주성분으로 하고, 여기에 탄소 0.2 ∼ 1.5 중량%, 규소 1.0 ∼ 5.0 중량%, 니켈 5.0 ∼ 10.0 중량%, 크롬 1.0 ∼ 15.0 중량% 및 철 2.0 ∼ 10.0 중량%를 함유시며 혼합 금속분말을 제조하는 공정과, 상기 혼합 금속분말을 레이저 빔이 조사되어 용융된 실린더 헤드의 모재에 투입되어 금속분말이 클래딩 되는 공정으로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 밸브시트용 내마모 소결합금의 제조방법.In the method for producing a wear-resistant small alloy for valve seats, copper is the main component, and carbon is 0.2 to 1.5% by weight, silicon is 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, nickel 5.0 to 10.0% by weight, chromium 1.0 to 15.0% by weight, and iron. A valve seat comprising 2.0 to 10.0% by weight of the mixed metal powder, and the mixed metal powder is irradiated with a laser beam and injected into the base material of the melted cylinder head to clad the metal powder. Method for producing a wear resistant small alloy for dragon.
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KR100387488B1 (en) * 2001-04-25 2003-06-18 현대자동차주식회사 Using the laser cladding process of valve seat manufacturing method
KR20030002349A (en) * 2001-06-28 2003-01-09 (주)디온 On-line study method using internet
KR100489066B1 (en) * 2002-07-23 2005-05-12 현대자동차주식회사 Ni-Cr based metal powder composition for laser cladding and preparation method for valve sheet by using them
KR20040023960A (en) * 2002-09-12 2004-03-20 현대자동차주식회사 Fe-based metal powder composition for valve sheet and preparation method for valve sheet by using them
CN103074517A (en) * 2013-02-21 2013-05-01 南昌航空大学 Special copper alloy powder for laser-sensing composite fusion-covering high-strength high-conductivity copper alloy coating
EP3814543B1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2024-05-15 Oerlikon Metco (US) Inc. Copper-based hardfacing alloy
KR20210077045A (en) 2019-12-16 2021-06-25 현대자동차주식회사 Copper alloy for laser cladding valve sheet
US11624103B2 (en) 2019-12-16 2023-04-11 Hyundai Motor Company Copper alloy for laser cladding valve seat

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