KR20010102753A - Pretreatment method for the production of dried jujubes - Google Patents

Pretreatment method for the production of dried jujubes Download PDF

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KR20010102753A
KR20010102753A KR1020000024383A KR20000024383A KR20010102753A KR 20010102753 A KR20010102753 A KR 20010102753A KR 1020000024383 A KR1020000024383 A KR 1020000024383A KR 20000024383 A KR20000024383 A KR 20000024383A KR 20010102753 A KR20010102753 A KR 20010102753A
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jujube
drying
dried
pretreatment
treatment
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KR100360688B1 (en
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윤광섭
김순동
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윤광섭
김순동
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Abstract

본 발명은 대추의 건조 전처리 방법 및 상기 방법에 의해 제조된 건조대추에 관한 것으로, 본 발명 글리세롤 디핑, 마이크로웨이브, 블랜칭 등의 건조 전처리 방법을 대추의 건조공정에 도입함으로써 품질이 우수한 건조대추를 단시간에 제조하는 뛰어난 효과가 있다.The present invention relates to a dry pre-treatment method of the jujube and dried jujube prepared by the above method, by introducing a dry pre-treatment method such as glycerol dipping, microwave, blanching in the drying process of jujube It has an excellent effect of manufacturing in a short time.

Description

건조 대추 제조를 위한 전처리 방법{Pretreatment method for the production of dried jujubes}Pretreatment method for the production of dried jujubes

본 발명은 건조 대추 제조를 위한 전처리 방법에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는, 본 발명은 대추를 글리세롤 디핑 또는 마이크로웨이브, 블랜칭 등으로 건조 전처리한 후 건조시킴으로써 단시간에 품질이 우수한 건조대추를 제조하는 대추의 건조전처리 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a pre-treatment method for producing a dried jujube, and more particularly, the present invention is to prepare a dry jujube excellent quality in a short time by drying the jujube after drying pre-treatment with glycerol dipping or microwave, blanching, etc. It relates to a method of drying the jujube before drying.

과일이나 채소류는 색과 맛을 즐기는 기호성 식품인 동시에 무기질과 비타민, 식이섬유소 등이 기대되는 건강 지향성 식품으로서 예전에는 주로 생식용으로 이용되어 왔으나, 최근에는 생활 수준의 향상으로 기호성이 증대됨에 따라 많은 가공품의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 특히 건조상태로 유통되는 대추 등의 건조농산물의 경우 품질 개선을 위한 건조방법 및 전처리에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 현재 대추의 건조방법은 천일건조 혹은 열풍건조에 의해 장시간 건조를 함으로써, 건조 중 품질 변화가 심할 뿐만 아니라 열풍건조 또한 대추의 건조특성에 의거하여 대추를 건조함으로써 효율적인 건조공정을 수행하지 못하고 있는 실정이다.Fruits and vegetables are palatable foods that enjoy color and taste, and are health-oriented foods that are expected to be minerals, vitamins, and dietary fiber. They have been used mainly for reproduction, but recently, as palatability increases due to the improvement of living standards, Development of the workpiece is required. In particular, in the case of dried agricultural products such as jujube distributed in a dry state, research on drying method and pretreatment for quality improvement is necessary. At present, the method of drying jujube is not able to perform efficient drying process by drying the jujube based on the drying characteristics of jujube as well as the quality change during drying by drying for a long time by sun-dried drying or hot air drying. .

식품산업에 있어서 건조는 수분함량이 많은 식품에서 수분을 제거하여 미생물 및 효소에 의한 부패나 변질을 방지하여 저장성이나 수송성을 부여함은 물론, 새로운 식품개발에도 많이 이용되고 있다. 건조 과정 중 건조조건에 의하여 식품의 물리·화학적 변화가 유발되어 건조식품의 품질열화가 발생하게 되는데, 이들 반응을 억제하여 품질손상을 감소시키기 위하여 건조 전처리가 필요하며 전처리로서 품질을 개선하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 끓는 물이나 증기(steam)를 이용한 블랜칭(blanching), 마이크로웨이브(microwave)를 이용하는 블랜칭 등이 있으며 또한 화학약품(chemical)을 처리하는 방법으로 아황산염제(sulfiting agent)를 처리하는 방법 등이 널리 이용되고 있으나 아황산염(sulfite)의 사용이 FDA의 규제를 받자 아스코르브산(ascorbic acid), 구연산(citric acid) 등의 유기산을 이용하여 pH를 낮추거나 항산화제를 이용하여 전처리한 보고 등이 있다.In the food industry, drying is used to remove moisture from foods with high moisture content, to prevent decay and alteration by microorganisms and enzymes, to impart storage and transport properties, and to develop new foods. Due to the drying conditions during the drying process, the physical and chemical changes of the foods are induced, resulting in the deterioration of the quality of the dried foods. It's going on. Blanching with boiling water or steam, blanching with microwave, etc. Also, chemicals are treated with sulfite agents. Although it is widely used, the use of sulfite is regulated by the FDA, and there are reports of lowering the pH using organic acids such as ascorbic acid and citric acid or pretreatment using antioxidants.

본 발명자들은 상기와 같은 건조전처리 외에 삼투처리나 디핑(dipping)등의 전처리 기술을 농산물의 건조공정에 도입함으로써 효율적인 건조기술을 획득할 수 있고 고품질의 건조농산물을 생산함과 아울러 산업화된 기술 및 제품의 개발에 많은 기여를 할 수 있으리라 생각하고 연구한 결과, 블랜칭, 삼투, 스티밍 또는 디핑과 같은 건조 전처리가 농산물의 품질을 향상시킴을 확인하고 본 발명을 완성하였다.The present inventors can obtain efficient drying technology by introducing pre-treatment technology such as osmotic treatment or dipping into the drying process of agricultural products in addition to the drying pretreatment as described above, and produce high quality dry agricultural products as well as industrialized technology and products. As a result of the research and thought that it can contribute a lot to the development of the present invention, it has been confirmed that the drying pretreatment such as blanching, osmosis, steaming or dipping improves the quality of the agricultural products.

따라서, 본 발명의 목적은 대추를 블랜칭(blanching), 삼투 또는 디핑(dipping)과 같은 건조 전처리 후에 건조시켜 품질이 우수한 건조대추를 고효율로 제조하는 방법을 제공함에 있다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a high-quality dried jujube with high quality by drying the jujube after drying pretreatment such as blanching, osmotic or dipping.

본 발명의 다른 목적은 상기 방법에 의해 제조된 건조대추를 제공함에 있다.Another object of the present invention to provide a dried jujube prepared by the above method.

본 발명의 상기 목적은 대추를 마이크로웨이브를 이용한 블랜칭 처리, 스티밍 열수처리, NaCl, 비타민, 당용액을 이용하는 삼투처리 또는 NaOH, K2CO3, 에틸올레산염, 글리세롤용액을 이용한 디핑처리에 의해 건조전처리한 후 건조시켜 건조대추를 제조하고 상기 제조한 건조대추의 특성 및 품질의 변화를 조사하고 관능검사를 실시하여 품질이 우수함을 확인함으로써 달성하였다.The object of the present invention is the blanching treatment of jujube using microwave, steaming hydrothermal treatment, osmotic treatment using NaCl, vitamin, sugar solution or dipping treatment using NaOH, K 2 CO 3 , ethyl oleate, glycerol solution The dried jujube was dried to prepare dried jujube, and the change of characteristics and quality of the dried jujube was investigated and the sensory test was performed to confirm that the quality was excellent.

이하 본 발명의 구성 및 작용을 설명한다.Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the present invention.

도 1은 건조공정 동안 다양한 전처리 방법에 의한 대추의 건조 곡선을 도시한 것이다.Figure 1 shows the drying curve of the jujube by various pretreatment methods during the drying process.

본 발명은 예비실험을 통하여 건조전처리 방법과 처리조건을 결정하는 단계; 건조전처리 방법과 건조시간에 따른 건조대추의 수분함량 변화를 조사하는 단계;다양한 건조전처리 방법에 의해 제조된 건조대추의 가밀도, 가용성 고형분, 적정산도, 비타민 C 함량 등의 물리화학적 성질의 변화를 조사하는 단계; 건조 진행상태에 따라 대추의 갈변도와 색도의 변화를 조사하는 단계; 건조 진행상태에 따라 대추의 유리당과 유기산의 변화를 조사하는 단계; 유량계를 이용한 절단시험을 실시하여 조직특성을 조사하는 단계; 관능검사를 실시하는 단계로 구성된다.The present invention comprises the steps of determining the pre-drying method and processing conditions through a preliminary experiment; Investigating the change of moisture content of dried jujube with drying pretreatment method and drying time; Change of physical and chemical properties such as density, soluble solid content, titratable acidity and vitamin C content of dried jujube prepared by various drying pretreatment methods Investigating; Investigating the change of browning and chromaticity of jujube according to the drying progress; Investigating changes in free sugar and organic acids of jujube according to the drying progress; Performing a cutting test using a flow meter to investigate tissue characteristics; It consists of performing sensory tests.

본 발명에서 사용된 대추는 1999년 10월 경산시 자인에서 구입하여 저온실(4℃)에 보관하면서 사용하였다.Jujube used in the present invention was purchased from Zain, Gyeongsan, in October 1999 and used while storing in a low temperature room (4 ℃).

이하 본 발명의 구체적인 방법을 실시예와 실험예를 들어 상세히 설명하고자 하지만 본 발명의 권리범위는 이들 실시예와 실험예에만 한정되는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, the specific method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples and Experimental Examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these Examples and Experimental Examples.

실시예 1: 건조 전처리Example 1 Dry Pretreatment

본 실시예에서 예비실험을 통하여 건조전처리 방법과 처리조건을 결정하였다. 먼저 블랜칭(blanching) 처리의 효과를 보고자 마이크로웨이브(microwave)는 30초간 실시하였으며 스티밍(steaming)과 열수처리는 각각 1분간 처리하였다. 또한 삼투처리의 효과를 보고자 5NaCl과 5비타민 C(Vit-C), 10당용액에 각각 30분간 처리하여 전처리하였다. 디핑(Dipping)처리의 효과를 확인하고자 3NaOH 용액에서 3분간, 2.5K2CO3용액의 3에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleat)에서 3분간 처리하였으며 또한 글리세롤(glycerol) 용액에서 10분간 처리하여 건조전처리의 효과를 비교하였다.In this example, the pre-drying method and treatment conditions were determined through preliminary experiments. To see the effect of the blanching treatment, microwave was performed for 30 seconds, and steaming and hydrothermal treatment were performed for 1 minute each. Also, to see the effect of osmotic treatment, 5NaCl, 5 vitamin C (Vit-C), and 10 sugar solution were treated for 30 minutes, respectively, and pretreated. In order to confirm the effect of dipping treatment, 3 minutes in 3NaOH solution, 3 minutes in 3 ethyl oleate of 2.5K 2 CO 3 solution, and 10 minutes in glycerol solution were used. The effects were compared.

실험예 1: 수분이동의 변화Experimental Example 1: Change in Water Movement

본 실험예에서 건조전처리한 대추를 건조시키고 대조군으로 건조 전처리하지 않은 무처리 대추를 건조시키면서 건조시간에 따른 수분함량의 변화를 알아보았다. 천일건조는 일광을 이용하여 20일간 일정수분함량이 될 때까지 건조를 하였다. 열풍건조는 송풍부분, 공기가열부분, 건조실, 제어 및 접속 부분, 자동계측장치 등으로 구성된 열풍건조기를 사용하여, 70℃의 온도에서 250g의 대추를 건조시켜 시간당 무게의 변화가 1g이내가 될 때까지 건조하였다. 건조공정의 계측 시스템은 스트레인게이지식 로드셀과 데이터 라거(data logger) 두 부분으로 구성하는데, 스트레인게이지식 로드셀의 최대 허용부하는 1kg의 것을 사용하였으며, 데이타 라거(data logger)는 미국 CAMPBELL사의 21X제품을 이용하였다. 측정은 10초마다 하여 매 5분에 그 평균값을 저장하였다. 건조시 물질이동은 비정상 상태에서의 확산방정식으로 해석할 수 있는데 실측치와 예측치 간의 차이의 제곱의 합이 최소화하도록 베이직(basic) 언어로 프로그램(program)을 작성하여 각 전처리에 따른 수분함량의 변화에 따른 확산 계수를 결정하였다. 수분함량은 적외선 수분 측정기(METTLER TOLEDO Co., HG53, Switzerland)를 사용하여 건조대추의 수분함량을 측정하였다.In the present experimental example, the dried pretreated jujube was dried, and as a control, the untreated jujube which had not been dried before drying was examined for the change of moisture content with drying time. The sun-dried was dried until 20 days of constant moisture content using daylight. Hot air drying is performed by using a hot air dryer composed of a blowing section, an air heating section, a drying chamber, a control and connecting section, and an automatic measuring device, and drying the 250g jujube at a temperature of 70 ° C so that the weight change per hour is within 1 g. To dry. The measurement system of the drying process consists of two parts, a strain gauge load cell and a data logger. The maximum allowable load of the strain gauge load cell is 1 kg, and the data logger is a CAMPBELL 21X product of the US. Was used. Measurements were made every 10 seconds and the average value was stored every 5 minutes. Mass transfer during drying can be interpreted as a diffusion equation in an abnormal state. To minimize the sum of the squares of the differences between the measured and predicted values, a program is written in basic language to change the water content according to each pretreatment. The diffusion coefficient accordingly was determined. The moisture content of the dried jujube was measured using an infrared moisture meter (METTLER TOLEDO Co., HG53, Switzerland).

실험결과, 건조전처리 방법과 건조시간에 따른 수분함량의 변화는 도 1에 나타낸 바와 같았다. 대추의 경우 일반농가에서는 약 36시간 정도의 건조시간이 소요되지만 본 발명에서는 전처리방법간의 다소 차이는 있으나 대부분이 24시간에서 28시간 정도의 건조시간이 소요되었다. 무처리한 대조군의 경우 약 33시간이 건조시간으로 소요되었는데 건조 전처리를 한 경우 약 5시간에서 10시간정도의 건조시간을 단축할 수 있었으며 글리세롤(glycerol), 에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleat) 침지, 끓임(boiling), 마이크로웨이브(microwave) 처리는 현저한 건조효율의 증가를 보여 33시간 건조한 무처리 대조군보다 더 낮은 수분함량을 보였다. 그외 스티밍 (steaming)이나 NaCl처리도 전처리 효과가 인정되어 전처리방법으로의 활용가능성을 보였다. 당용액 침지의 경우 초기에는 빠른 수분함량의 감소가 있었으나 건조말기에서는 오히려 무처리 대조군보다도 높은 수분함량을 보였으며 NaOH 용액이나 비타민 C(Vit-C) 용액의 침지도 큰 효과를 기대할 수 없었다. 건조공정의 수분이동특성은 확산계수로 설명하기 위하여 건조공정 동안 대추의 수분이동을 확산에 의한 것으로 보고 각 건조전처리에 방법에 따라 확산계수를 구하였다. 확산계수는 대추의 형태를 구형으로 보고 건조 24시간까지의 수분함량의 변화를 픽(Fick)의 제2법칙으로부터 얻어진 식으로 계산하여 표 1에 나타내었다. 전처리를 하지 않고 건조한 경우 0.79 mm2/hr로 다른 전처리에 비하여 낮은 확산계수를 보여 건조에 많은 시간이 소요됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 3NaOH 용액이나 5Vit-C용액 침지의 경우도 낮은 확산계수를 보여 건조가 원활히 수행되지 못하였는데 이는 대추외층의 두꺼운 왁스(wax)층의 파괴에 큰 효과가 없었기 때문이다. 또한 5NaCl 용액에서의 침지나 스팀 블랜칭(steam blanching)도 약간의 건조효율의 증대는 있었지만 큰 효과는 없었다. 따라서 무처리 대조군보다 건조효율이 우수하다고 판단되는 끓임(boiling), 마이크로웨이브(microwave) 처리 및 글리세롤(glycerol), 에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleat) 침지처리를 건조효율을 증대할 수 있는 건조전처리 방법으로 선정하여 건조대추의 품질평가를 실시하였다.As a result, the change of moisture content according to the drying pretreatment method and drying time was as shown in FIG. In case of jujube, the general farm takes about 36 hours of drying time, but in the present invention, although it is somewhat different between pretreatment methods, most of it takes about 24 to 28 hours of drying time. In the untreated control group, the drying time was about 33 hours. When the pretreatment was carried out, the drying time was shortened by about 5 to 10 hours. Glycerol, ethyl oleate dipping and boiling Boiling and microwave treatment showed a marked increase in drying efficiency, resulting in lower moisture content than the untreated control, which had been dried for 33 hours. In addition, steaming or NaCl treatment was recognized as a pretreatment effect, showing the possibility of use as a pretreatment method. In the case of immersion of the sugar solution, there was a rapid decrease in the moisture content, but at the end of drying, the moisture content was higher than that of the untreated control, and the immersion of NaOH solution or vitamin C (Vit-C) solution could not be expected. In order to explain the water transfer characteristics of the drying process, the water movement of jujube during the drying process was considered to be due to diffusion. The diffusion coefficient is shown in Table 1 by calculating the date of the jujube in spherical form and calculating the change of moisture content up to 24 hours by drying from Pick's second law. In case of drying without pretreatment, 0.79 mm 2 / hr showed lower diffusion coefficient than other pretreatment and it took much time for drying. In the case of 3NaOH solution or 5Vit-C solution immersion, it showed low diffusion coefficient and did not perform drying smoothly because there was no significant effect on the destruction of the thick wax layer of the outer jujube layer. In addition, immersion and steam blanching in 5NaCl solution also showed a slight increase in drying efficiency but little effect. Therefore, boiling, microwave treatment, glycerol, and ethyl oleate immersion treatment, which are considered to have better drying efficiency than the untreated control, are a pre-drying treatment method that can increase the drying efficiency. The quality of dried jujube was evaluated.

다양한 전처리 방법에 의한 대추의 확산계수Diffusion Coefficient of Jujube by Various Pretreatment Methods 전처리(Pretreatment)Pretreatment 확산계수(Diffusion coefficient) (mm2/hr)Diffusion coefficient (mm 2 / hr) 무처리(Nontreated)Nontreated 0.790.79 마이크로웨이브(MW)Microwave (MW) 1.081.08 스티밍(steaming)Steaming 0.960.96 끓임(boiling)Boiling 1.291.29 5NaCl5NaCl 1.021.02 5Vit C5Vit C 0.870.87 10당(sugar)Sugar 0.750.75 3NaOH3NaOH 0.880.88 2.5K2CO3용액에서 3에틸 올레산염(3e.o in 2.5K2CO3)3ethyl oleate (3e.o in 2.5K 2 CO 3 ) in 2.5K 2 CO 3 solution 1.201.20 글리세롤(Glycerol)Glycerol 1.511.51

실험예 2: 건조대추의 물리화학적 변화Experimental Example 2: Physicochemical Changes of Dried Jujube

본 실험예에서 상기 실험예에서 실험에 사용한 건조대추를 이용하여 물리화학적 변화를 조사하였다. 가밀도는 건조대추의 무게를 측량한 후 메스실린더로 옮겨 일정량의 증류수를 채워 부피를 측정하고 무게를 부피로 나누어 가밀도로 나타내었다. 재수화율은 건조대추를 20℃의 증류수에 20분간 침지시킨 후 대추의 중량을 측정하여 침지전의 대추의 중량을 뺀 값을 흡수한 수분량으로 하였다. 가용성 고형분은 건조 대추 일정량을 취한 후 균질화(10000rpm, 3min)하여 여과(Toyo, No.2)한 후 굴절당도계(ATAGO Co., Japan)를 이용하여 나타내었다. 적정산도는 건조대추 3g에 증류수 20mL을 가하여 균질화(10000rpm, 3min)한 후 10mL를 취하여 0.05N NaOH로 pH 8.2까지 적정하여 구연산(citric acid) 함량()으로 나타내었다.비타민 C 정량은 히드라진(hydrazine) 비색법에 따라 건조 대추 2.5g에 5HPO320mL을 가하여 균질화(10000rpm, 3min)한 후 여과하여 일정량을 취하여 2,4-디나이트로페닐히드라진(dinitrophenylhydrazine; DNP)을 작용시켜 적색 오사존(osazone)을 만들고 85황산용액을 가하여 용해시킨 다음 540 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하여 표준 검량선에 의해 비타민 C함량을 계산하였다.In this Experimental Example, the physical and chemical changes were investigated using the dried jujube used in the Experimental Example. The density was measured by measuring the weight of the dried jujube, and then moved to the measuring cylinder to fill a certain amount of distilled water to measure the volume. The rehydration rate was obtained by immersing the dried jujube in distilled water at 20 ° C. for 20 minutes and then measuring the weight of the jujube to determine the amount of moisture absorbed by subtracting the weight of the jujube before immersion. Soluble solid content was shown by using a refractometer (ATAGO Co., Japan) after taking a certain amount of dried jujube, homogenized (10000rpm, 3min), filtered (Toyo, No. 2). The titratable acidity was homogenized (10000rpm, 3min) by adding 20 mL of distilled water to 3 g of dried jujube, titrated to pH 8.2 with 0.05N NaOH, and expressed as citric acid content (). ) According to the colorimetric method, add 20 mL of 5HPO 3 to 2.5 g of dried jujube, homogenize it (10000rpm, 3min), filter it, and take a certain amount to give 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP) to act as a red osazone. After dissolving with 85 sulfuric acid solution, the absorbance was measured at 540 nm, and the vitamin C content was calculated by the standard calibration curve.

실험결과, 표 2에 나타낸 바와 같이, 천일건조한 대추의 수분함량보다 전처리를 행한 건조대추의 수분함량이 낮아 비교적 과도한 건조가 이루어졌음을 알 수 있었다. 건조 후 대추의 수분함량은 글리세롤(glycerol)로 전처리한 것이 가장 낮은 값으로 건조효율이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전처리 직후의 수분함량이 다른 전처리에 비하여 낮게 나타나는 것으로 보아 디핑(dipping)시 왁스층의 분해가 이루어진 것임을 알 수 있었다. 건조대추의 부피를 나타내는 가밀도는 끓임 (boiling) 전처리 건조대추의 값이 가장 높은데 건조대추의 단위부피당 중량이 많이 나가 무게면에서는 유리하나 부피면에서는 불리하였다. 전처리를 한 가밀도가 증가함을 보여 천일건조에 비하여 전처리한 건조대추의 부피가 약간 줄어듬을 알 수 있었다.As a result, as shown in Table 2, it was found that the moisture content of the dried jujube which had been pretreated was lower than that of the sun dried jujube, which resulted in relatively excessive drying. The water content of jujube after drying was the lowest value of pretreatment with glycerol (dryol), which showed excellent drying efficiency. It was found that the water content immediately after the pretreatment was lower than that of other pretreatments, so that the wax layer was decomposed when dipping. The density of the dried jujube was the highest value of the boiling pretreated dried jujube, which was advantageous in terms of weight but disadvantageous in terms of volume due to the high weight per unit volume of dried jujube. As the pretreatment increased, the volume of the dried jujube was slightly decreased compared to the sun drying.

건조대추의 가용성 고형분의 함량은 무처리 대조군과 끓임(boiling)처리가 다른 처리구에 비해 높았으나 그 차이는 크지 않았다. 적정산도는 무처리 대조군 건조대추의 산도가 가장 높아 전처리를 함에 따라 대추 고유의 산도가 저하되는 것을 확인하였다. Vit-C 함량은 전처리와 무처리 대조군 및 천일건조간의 큰 차이가없었으나 마이크로웨이브(microwave)로 전처리한 경우 약 50정도의 함량을 보여 많은 손실이 있음을 알 수 있었다.The content of soluble solids in the dried jujube was higher in the untreated control and boiling treatment than in the other treatments, but the difference was not large. The titratable acidity of the untreated control dried jujube was the highest in acidity, and as a result of pretreatment, it was confirmed that the intrinsic acidity of the jujube decreased. Vit-C content was not significantly different between pre-treated, untreated control and sun-dried, but it was found that there was a lot of loss when it was pre-treated with microwave (microwave).

다양한 전처리 방법에 의한 건조 대추의 물리화학적 성질Physicochemical Properties of Dried Jujube by Various Pretreatment Methods 전처리Pretreatment 건조전수분함량(Before Moisture content, )Before Moisture content () 건조후수분함량(After Moisture content, )After Moisture content, 가밀도(Bulk Density, g/mL)Bulk Density (g / mL) 가용성고형분 함량(Soluble Solid, Bx)Soluble Solid (Bx) 적정산도(TitratableAcidity, )TitratableAcidity, 비타민 C(Vitamin C, mg)Vitamin C (mg) 천일건조(Sun Drying)Sun Drying -- 22.9522.95 0.03460.0346 4.84.8 0.2560.256 13.6313.63 무처리(Nontreated)Nontreated 72.3872.38 9.299.29 0.03520.0352 5.25.2 0.4280.428 12.4612.46 마이크로웨이브(MW)Microwave (MW) 70.0170.01 10.8710.87 0.03980.0398 3.23.2 0.2490.249 8.048.04 끓임(Boiling)Boiling 68.4568.45 8.738.73 0.05730.0573 5.25.2 0.3420.342 14.2214.22 에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleat)Ethyl oleat 69.0169.01 8.828.82 0.04800.0480 4.54.5 0.2740.274 13.0413.04 글리세롤(Glycerol)Glycerol 67.3767.37 5.495.49 0.04560.0456 4.94.9 0.3240.324 10.9810.98

실험예 3: 갈변도 및 색도의 변화Experimental Example 3: Changes in Browning and Chromaticity

본 실험예는 실험예 1에서 실험에 사용한 건조 대추를 사용하여 갈변도와 색도의 변화를 조사하였다. 대추는 건조가 진행됨에 따라 색상이 변화하는데 건조대추의 색도를 나타내고자 갈변도와 색상을 측정하였다. 건조대추의 색도는 색차계 (Chromameter, Minolta Co., CR200, Japan)를 사용하여 헌터(Hunter) L (lightness), a(redness), b(yellowness) 값과 색조도(Hue angle) 값으로 나타내었다.This Experimental Example examined the change of browning and chromaticity using the dried jujube used in the experiment in Experimental Example 1. The color of jujube was changed as drying progressed, and browning and color were measured to show the chromaticity of dried jujube. The chromaticity of dried jujube is expressed by Hunter L (lightness), a (redness), b (yellowness) value and Hue angle value using Chromameter, Minolta Co., CR200, Japan It was.

갈변도는 건조대추 2g에 증류수 40mL를 가하고 10트리클로로아세트산(trichloroacetic acid) 10mL를 가하여 상온에서 2시간 방치한 후 여과(Toyo, No.2)하여 분광 광도계(spectrophotometer, Duksan mecasys Co. OPTIZEN Ⅱ+, Korea)로 420 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다.Browning degree was added to 2 g of dried jujube, 40 mL of distilled water and 10 mL of 10 trichloroacetic acid were added and left at room temperature for 2 hours, followed by filtration (Toyo, No. 2). , Korea) and the absorbance at 420 nm.

실험결과, 건조 대추의 갈변도와 색도의 변화는 표 3에 나타낸 바와 같았다. 갈변도는 무처리의 경우 값이 가장 높아 건조로 많은 갈변이 있었는데, 이는 건조시간의 연장과 관계가 있는 것임을 나타냈다. 천일건조의 경우 열에 노출되지 않아 갈변이 거의 일어나지 않았으며 전처리 중 글리세롤(glycerol) 침지가 갈변저해에 우수한 것으로 나타났다.As a result, the browning and chromaticity of dried dates were as shown in Table 3. Browning degree was the highest value in the case of no treatment, there was a lot of browning by drying, indicating that it is related to the extension of drying time. In case of sun drying, browning rarely occurred due to no exposure to heat, and glycerol dipping was excellent in browning inhibition during pretreatment.

건조대추의 색도는 끓임(boiling)처리한 건조대추의 경우 밝기뿐만 아니라 전반적으로 퇴색한 색을 나타내어 색에 의한 기호성이 저하되었다. 천일건조한 대추의 L값이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으나 차이가 크지 않았으며 a값도 유사한 경향을 보였다. 색조도(H angle)는 에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleat)과 글리세롤(glycerol)침지 처리한 경우 0에 가까운 낮은 값을 나타내는데 이는 b값의 감소와 관계가 있음을 나타내며 다른 처리구에 비하여 붉은 색에 가깝게 나타났다.In the case of the dried jujube boiled, the chromaticity of the dried jujube showed not only the brightness but also the overall faded color. The L value of the sun dried dates was the highest, but the difference was not large and the a value showed similar tendency. The hue value (H angle) was lower than 0 when ethyl oleate and glycerol were immersed, indicating a decrease in b value and closer to red than other treatments. .

다양한 전처리 방법에 의한 건조 대추의 갈변도와 색도Browning and chromaticity of dried jujube by various pretreatment methods 전처리(Pretreatment)Pretreatment 갈변도(Browningdegree)Browningdegree 색도(Color properties)Color properties L* L * aa bb H。H。 천일건조(Sun Drying)Sun Drying 0.2600.260 32.8132.81 24.5524.55 17.6117.61 35.635.6 무처리(Nontreated)Nontreated 0.8050.805 29.5029.50 24.3624.36 17.7617.76 36.036.0 마이크로웨이브(MW)Microwave (MW) 0.5230.523 31.7331.73 23.9123.91 17.1817.18 35.635.6 끓임(Boiling)Boiling 0.4630.463 26.6226.62 19.2919.29 14.8614.86 37.537.5 에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleat)Ethyl oleat 0.5470.547 30.8030.80 22.8922.89 14.3814.38 32.132.1 글리세롤(Glycerol)Glycerol 0.3710.371 29.9329.93 22.0522.05 14.5814.58 33.433.4

실험예 4: 유리당 및 유기산의 변화Experimental Example 4: Change of Free Sugar and Organic Acid

본 실험예는 실험예 1에서 실험에 사용한 건조 대추를 사용하여 전처리방법을 달리하여 유리당 및 유기산의 변화를 조사하였다. 유리당의 조성 및 함량은 HPLC로 분석하였다. 즉, 건조대추 2g에 증류수 50mL를 가한 뒤 마쇄하여 일정량을 취한 후 80에탄올(ethanol)을 가한 후 환류냉각기를 부착하여 80℃ 수욕조에서 1시간 동안 가열하여 당을 추출하였다. 여액을 감압 농축하여 전여과(prefilter)한 다음 sep-pak C18카트리지(cartridge)를 통과시키고 0.45㎛ 막여과기(membrane filter)로 여과하여 HPLC 분석시료로 하였다. 이때 칼럼(column)은 sugar-PAK Ⅰ을 사용하였으며 이동상(mobile phase)으로는 이온제거수, RI 401 굴절계 (refractometer)를 검출기(detector)로 사용하였다.In this Experimental Example, the change of free sugar and organic acid was investigated by using different dry jujube used in Experiment 1 in Experimental Example. The composition and content of free sugars were analyzed by HPLC. That is, 50 mL of distilled water was added to 2 g of dried jujube, crushed, and then a predetermined amount was taken. 80 ethanol was added thereto, and then a reflux condenser was attached and heated for 1 hour in an 80 ° C. water bath to extract sugars. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, prefiltered, passed through a sep-pak C 18 cartridge, and filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter to prepare an HPLC sample. The column used sugar-PAK I and ion removal water and RI 401 refractometer were used as a detector for the mobile phase.

건조대추 2g에 증류수 50mL를 가한 후 마쇄하여 얻은 즙액 30mL를 원심분리(6000 rpm×10 min.)한 후 그 상등액 5mL를 음이온 교환수지 칼럼(Amberite IRA 900, Sigma, 250×15mm)에 흡착시킨 뒤 증류수로 수회 세척하여 당류를 제거하였다. 6N 포름산(formic acid)으로 흡착된 유기산을 용출하여 감압농축 후 0.005M 황산용액을 사용하여 2mL로 정용하고 0.45㎛ 막여과기(membrane filter)로 여과하여 HPLC 분석시료로 하였다. 분석조건으로 칼럼은 아미넥스 칼럼(aminex column HPX-87H)을 사용하였으며 RI 401 굴절계(refractometer)를 검출기 (detector)로 사용하였다.After adding 50 mL of distilled water to 2 g of dried jujube, centrifuged (6000 rpm × 10 min.) Of the juice obtained by grinding, and then, the supernatant 5 mL was adsorbed onto an anion exchange resin column (Amberite IRA 900, Sigma, 250 × 15mm). The sugars were removed by washing several times with distilled water. The organic acid adsorbed with 6N formic acid was eluted, concentrated under reduced pressure, and then purified by 2 mL using 0.005 M sulfuric acid solution, and filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter to obtain an HPLC sample. As analytical conditions, an Aminex column (aminex column HPX-87H) was used, and a RI 401 refractometer was used as a detector.

실험결과, 표 4에 나타낸 바와 같이, 건조대추의 구성 유리당은 포도당(glucose), 과당(fructose) 및 자당(sucrose)이었으며 과당(fructose)과 포도당(glucose)이 대부분을 차지하나 과당(fructose)의 함량이 약간 더 많았다. 총 유리당 함량은 천일건조한 대추가 가장 낮은 함량을 보였으며 그 값은 끓임 (boiling)처리나 에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleate)처리의 경우와 비슷하였으나 무처리 대조군의 경우 비교적 유리당의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 마이크로웨이브(Microwave)처리나 글리세롤(glycerol) 침지의 경우 무처리 대조군과 함량이 비슷한 것으로 나타나 비교적 유리당의 감소가 적어 품질변화를 막을 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 예비실험으로 행했던 NaCl이나 Vit-C, 당용액 침지의 경우 유리당 함량이 2.03 ~ 3.54 로 나타나 높은 함량을 보였는데 이들 전처리방법과 병행한다면 유리당의 함량의 감소는 막을 수 있었다.As a result, as shown in Table 4, the constituent free sugars of the dried jujube were glucose, fructose and sucrose, and fructose and glucose occupy most of the fructose. The content was slightly higher. The total free sugar content of sun-dried jujube was the lowest, and the value was similar to that of boiling or ethyl oleate treatment, but the free sugar content was relatively high. In the case of microwave treatment or glycerol immersion, the content was similar to that of the untreated control group, indicating that the reduction of free sugar was relatively small, preventing the quality change. In the case of NaCl, Vit-C, and sugar solution immersion preliminary experiments, the content of free sugar was 2.03 ~ 3.54, showing a high content. When combined with these pretreatment methods, the reduction of free sugar content was prevented.

하기 표 4에 나타낸 바와 같이, 건조대추에서 분석되는 유기산은 수산 (oxalic acid), 사과산(malic acid) 및 구연산(citric acid)으로서 사과산(malic acid)의 함량이 가장 높았으며 구연산, 수산의 순으로 나타났다. 총 유기산의 함량은 유리당과 마찬가지로 무처리구의 함량이 가장 높았는데 이는 전처리를 함에 따라 유기산의 손실이 있음을 나타낸다고 할 수 있는데 처리방법간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 천일건조의 경우 그 함량이 낮은 것으로 나타나 유리당함량의 변화와 유사하게 나타났다.As shown in Table 4, the organic acid analyzed in the dried jujube was the highest content of malic acid (oxalic acid), malic acid (malic acid) and citric acid (cilic acid) in the order of citric acid, fishery appear. The total organic acid content was the highest in the untreated group as in the free sugars, indicating that there was a loss of organic acid with pretreatment. There was no significant difference between treatment methods. In case of sun drying, the content was low, which is similar to the change of free sugar content.

다양한 전처리 방법에 의한 건조 대추의 유리당 및 유기산Free Sugars and Organic Acids of Dried Jujube by Various Pretreatment Methods 전처리(Pretreatment)Pretreatment 유리당(Free Sugar)Free Sugar 유기산(Organic Acid)Organic Acid 포도당(Glucose, )Glucose 과당(Fructose,)Fructose 자당(Sucrose,)Sucrose, 전체(Total,)Total 수산(oxalic acid,)Oxalic acid, 사과산(malic acid,)Malic acid, 구연산(citricacid,)Citric acid 전체(Total,)Total 천일건조(Sun Drying)Sun Drying 0.420.42 0.350.35 0.000.00 0.770.77 0.040.04 0.180.18 0.000.00 0.220.22 무처리(Nontreated)Nontreated 0.830.83 0.980.98 0.110.11 1.921.92 0.050.05 0.250.25 0.170.17 0.480.48 마이크로웨이브(MW)Microwave (MW) 0.650.65 0.790.79 0.040.04 1.481.48 0.040.04 0.180.18 0.130.13 0.350.35 끓임(Boiling)Boiling 0.350.35 0.440.44 0.110.11 0.900.90 0.050.05 0.190.19 0.120.12 0.360.36 에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleate)Ethyl oleate 0.410.41 0.480.48 0.000.00 0.890.89 0.040.04 0.210.21 0.140.14 0.390.39 글리세롤(glycerol)Glycerol 0.650.65 0.760.76 0.130.13 1.541.54 0.030.03 0.160.16 0.120.12 0.310.31

실험예 5: 조직특성 조사Experimental Example 5: Investigation of tissue properties

본 실험예는 실험예 1에서 실험에 사용한 건조 대추를 사용하여 건조 대추의 조직특성을 조사하였다. 건조대추의 조직특성은 유량계(rheometer)을 이용한 절단시험으로 행하였다. 건조대추를 일정한 두께로 자른 후 유량계(Rheometer, Sun Scientific Co., COMPAC-100, Japan)를 이용하여 절단 시험(cutting test)을 실시하였다. 절단 시험을 함으로써 일반적인 조직특성의 측정에 이용되는 저작시험법이 아니라, 대추조직을 절단하는데 소요되는 최대순간힘과 경도(hardness)를 알아보았다.This experimental example was investigated the tissue properties of the dried jujube using the dried jujube used in the experiment in Experiment 1. The tissue properties of the dried jujube were determined by cutting test using a rheometer. The dried jujube was cut to a constant thickness and then a cutting test was performed using a rheometer (Sun Scientific Co., COMPAC-100, Japan). The cutting test was performed to determine the maximum instantaneous force and hardness required to cut the jujube tissue, rather than the chewing test used to measure general tissue properties.

실험결과, 표 5에 나타낸 바와 같이, 최대순간힘은 무처리가 가장 높았고 천일건조한 대추는 무처리보다 약 50정도의 낮은 힘을 보여 조직이 약한 것으로 나타났으며 글리세롤(glycerol) 침지의 경우 천일건조와 비슷한 정도의 물성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 경도는 천일건조와 글리세롤(glycerol) 침지, 마이크로웨이브 (microwave) 처리한 건조대추가 대체적으로 낮은 것으로 나타나 가공적성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 무처리가 가장 높았으며 끓임(boiling)이나 에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleate)처리한 대추의 무처리보다는 낮았으나 비교적 높은 경도를 보였다.As a result, as shown in Table 5, the maximum instantaneous force was the highest in the untreated treatment, and the sun-dried jujube showed the weak force about 50 times lower than the untreated treatment, indicating that the tissue was weak. It has been shown to have properties similar to. Hardness was generally low due to sun drying, glycerol dipping and microwave treatment of microwave treatment. Untreated was the highest and was lower than unboiled jujube treated with boiling or ethyl oleate but showed a relatively high hardness.

다양한 전처리 방법에 의한 건조 대추의 조직감Texture of Dried Jujube by Various Pretreatment Methods 전처리(Pretreatment)Pretreatment 최대(Max.,g)Max., G 힘(Strength,Dyne/㎤)Force (Deng / Dyne / cm 3) 경도(hardness,Dyne/㎤)Hardness (Dyne / cm 3) 천일건조(Sun Drying)Sun Drying 966.5966.5 560836.00560836.00 777284.16777284.16 무처리(Nontreated)Nontreated 1890.01890.0 10966720.1610966720.16 1345576.381345576.38 마이크로웨이브(MW)Microwave (MW) 1600.01600.0 928440.34928440.34 668785.22668785.22 끓임(Boiling)Boiling 1501.51501.5 871283.22871283.22 1119426.561119426.56 에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleate)Ethyl oleate 1602.01602.0 929600.88929600.88 1071036.501071036.50 글리세롤(glycerol)Glycerol 1062.01062.0 616252.28616252.28 689521.41689521.41

실험예 6: 관능검사Experimental Example 6: sensory test

본 실험예는 실험예 1에서 실험에 사용한 건조 대추를 사용하여 건조대추의 품질을 평가하기 위한 방법으로 관능검사를 실시하였다. 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품공학과 대학원생 10명을 관능요원으로 하여 외관, 색, 조직감, 맛, 기호도에 대하여 최고 5점, 최저 1점으로 하는 5점 채점법으로 실시하였다.In this experimental example, the sensory test was carried out as a method for evaluating the quality of the dried jujube using the dried jujube used in the experiment in Experiment 1. Ten graduate students of the Department of Food Science and Technology at the Catholic University of Daegu Hyosung Catholic University were used as sensory agents.

실험 결과, 외관은 글리세롤(glycerol) 침지가 다른 전처리에 비하여 높은 점수를 받았고 끓임(boiling)처리를 제외한 기타 전처리 방법간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 색도는 무처리한 대추와 글리세롤(glycerol)용액으로 침지한 대추가 다른 처리구에 비해 다소 높았으나 그 차이는 크지 않았다. 끓임(Boiling)의 경우 가장 낮은 점수를 얻어 외관과 함께 품질이 가장 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 조직감 또한 끓임(boiling) 처리가 가장 낮은 점수를 얻었으며 그 외 처리구간에 큰 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 건조대추의 맛도 역시 끓임(boiling)처리가 낮았으며 천일건조와 에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleate), 글리세롤(glycerol) 침지가 시판대추와 함께 무처리와 마이크로웨이브(microwave) 처리보다 높은 점수를 얻었다. 종합적 기호도는 글리세롤(glycerol) 침지가 가장 기호성이 높은 것으로 조사되었으며 그 다음이 마이크로웨이브(microwave)처리가 높았다. 그 다음이 에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleate), 무처리 대조군의 순이었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 끓임(boiling)은 건조효율에서는 우수한 전처리방법이었으나 품질면에서 기대할 만한 수준이 되지 못하였다. 글리세롤(glycerol)용액에 침지하여 열풍건조한 경우 건조효율의 증대는 물론 품질도 우수한 것으로 나타나 훌륭한 전처리방법임을 확인하였으며 그외 마이크로웨이브(microwave)나 에틸 올레산염(ethyl oleate)처리도 그 가능성이 인정되었다. 이외에 예비실험으로 실시한 전처리 방법인 당용액이나 NaCl용액, Vit-C용액의 침지와 병용할 경우 더 큰 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.As a result of the experiment, the appearance of glycerol was higher than other pretreatment, and there was no significant difference between the other pretreatment methods except boiling. The chromaticity of the untreated jujube and jujube immersed in glycerol solution was slightly higher than that of other treatments, but the difference was not large. In the case of boiling, the lowest score was obtained, showing the poorest quality with appearance. The texture score also showed the lowest score for the boiling treatment, and there was no significant difference between the treatments. The taste of dried jujube was also low in boiling, and sun dried, ethyl oleate, and glycerol immersed scores were higher than untreated and microwave treated with commercial jujube. Glycerol immersion showed the highest palatability, followed by microwave treatment. Next was ethyl oleate, followed by untreated control. From the above results, boiling was an excellent pretreatment method in terms of drying efficiency, but the quality was not as expected. In case of hot air drying by immersing in glycerol solution, it was confirmed that it is excellent pretreatment method as well as increase of drying efficiency and quality. In addition, when combined with the immersion of sugar solution, NaCl solution, Vit-C solution, which was a pretreatment method performed in a preliminary experiment, a greater effect was obtained.

이상 실시예를 통하여 설명한 바와 같이, 본 발명 글리세롤 디핑(dipping), 마이크로웨이브, 에틸 올레산염 처리하거나 당용액이나 NaCl용액 또는 Vit-C용액 침지를 병용하는 건조 전처리법을 건조공정에 도입함으로써 효율적인 건조기술을 제공하고 고품질의 건조농산물을 생산할 수 있는 뛰어난 효과가 있으므로 농산물 가공 산업상 매우 유용한 발명인 것이다.As described through the above examples, the present invention is efficiently dried by introducing a drying pretreatment method of glycerol dipping, microwave, ethyl oleate treatment or immersion of sugar solution, NaCl solution, or Vit-C solution in the drying process. It is a very useful invention for the agricultural processing industry because it has the excellent effect of providing the technology and producing high quality dry produce.

Claims (2)

대추를 글리세롤 용액에서 10분간 침지 또는 마이크로웨이브로 30초간 블랜칭하는 건조 전처리를 수행한 후, 상기 건조 전처리된 대추를 열풍건조시키는 것을 특징으로하는 건조 대추 제조를 위한 전처리 방법.After performing a drying pretreatment in which the jujube is immersed in a glycerol solution for 10 minutes or blanched with microwave for 30 seconds, the dried pretreated jujube is hot-air dried, the pre-treatment method for producing a dry jujube. 제 1 항의 건조 전처리 방법에 의해 제조된 건조 대추.Dried jujube prepared by the dry pretreatment method of claim 1.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100897593B1 (en) * 2008-06-23 2009-05-14 김승 Drying device of agricultural products

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