KR19980074311A - Cathode electrode of lithium ion battery using metal net as current collector and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Cathode electrode of lithium ion battery using metal net as current collector and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- KR19980074311A KR19980074311A KR1019970010063A KR19970010063A KR19980074311A KR 19980074311 A KR19980074311 A KR 19980074311A KR 1019970010063 A KR1019970010063 A KR 1019970010063A KR 19970010063 A KR19970010063 A KR 19970010063A KR 19980074311 A KR19980074311 A KR 19980074311A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
본 발명은 금속망을 집전판으로 사용한 리튬 이온 전지의 양극 전극 및 그의 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에서는 대형 리튬 이온 전지에서 용량에 기여 하지 않는 금속 집전판의 부피를 줄여서 리튬 이온 전지의 대용량화 및 대형화를 이루기 위해 금속망을 집전판으로 사용한 양극 전극 및 그의 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, 종래에 양극의 집전판으로 사용되던 알루미늄 호일을 알루미늄 금속망으로 교체하고 양극 필름의 두께를 증대 시키기 위해 용매 증발법 대신에 패이스트 (Paste) 에 의한 코팅을 하여 양극 필름의 두께를 250 ∼ 450 마이크로미터까지 증대시킨 금속망을 집전판으로 사용한 리튬 이온 전지의 양극 전극 및 그의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery using a metal net as a current collector plate and a method of manufacturing the same. The present invention relates to a cathode electrode using a metal mesh as a current collector plate and a manufacturing method thereof in order to reduce the volume of a metal current collector plate that does not contribute to capacity in a large lithium ion battery to achieve a large capacity and a large size of a lithium ion battery. In order to increase the thickness of the anode film, the aluminum foil used for current collector of aluminum was replaced by aluminum paste and coated with paste instead of solvent evaporation to increase the thickness of anode film from 250 to 450 micrometers. The positive electrode of a lithium ion battery using the made metal mesh as a collector plate, and its manufacturing method.
Description
본 발명은 금속망을 집전판으로 사용한 리튬 이온 전지의 양극 전극 및 그의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery using a metal net as a current collector plate and a method of manufacturing the same.
종래의 리튬 이온 전지의 양극 전극 및 그의 제조방법은 알루미늄 호일위에 용매 증발법에 의하여 코팅 제조되었다.A positive electrode of a conventional lithium ion battery and a method of manufacturing the same have been prepared by coating a solvent on an aluminum foil by evaporation.
즉, 리튬 1 차 전지의 고전류 방전 특성을 향상시키기 위해 양극 활물질 필름의 두께를 얇게 하고, 금속 호일위에 용매 증발법 (Solvent Casting) 에 의하여 코팅을 하여 제조한다. 이와 같이 금속호일위에 용매 증발법에 의한 제조방법을 사용하는 것은 어떤 특별한 이유가 있다기 보다는 리튬 이온 전지 개발시 이미 개발되어 있는 리튬 1차 전지 양극 전극 제조 공정을 그대로 활용한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 이와 같은 제조방법은 휴대용 전자기기에서 요구되는 소형 2 차 전지에서는 커다란 문제가 없다. 그러나, 전기 자동차나 산업용 전지등에 사용되는 대형 고용량 전지에서는 전지의 용량에 아무런 기여도 하지 않는 금속 호일이 전극에서 차지하는 부분이 너무 많아 비효율적인 전지가 된다. 또한 현재 생산되고 있는 리튬 이온 전지의 경우, 한쪽 면만 코팅했을 때 양극 집전판인 알루미늄 호일의 두께가 20 마이크로미터가 되며 양극 필름의 두께는 약 70 마이크로미터가 된다. 이렇게 용량에 아무 기여도 하지 않는 알루미늄 호일의 양이 20% 이상을 차지하게 되며 용량의 효율성을 높이기 위해 알루미늄 호일위에 양면 코팅을 하였을 때에도 알루미늄 호일의 양이 13% 정도의 많은 부분을 차지한다. 이와 같이 전기 자동차나 산업용의 대형 전지를 현재의 제조방법으로 제조한다고 하였을 때 전체부피에서 집전판인 호일이 차지하는 부피는 상당히 크며, 따라서 비효율적인 전지를 양산하게 된다.That is, the thickness of the positive electrode active material film is made thin in order to improve the high current discharge characteristics of the lithium primary battery, and the coating is prepared on the metal foil by solvent evaporation (Solvent Casting). Thus, the use of the manufacturing method by the solvent evaporation method on the metal foil can be said to utilize the lithium primary battery cathode electrode manufacturing process already developed during the development of the lithium ion battery, rather than for any special reason. Such a manufacturing method does not have a big problem in a small secondary battery required in a portable electronic device. However, in large high-capacity batteries used in electric vehicles or industrial batteries, the metal foil, which does not contribute to the capacity of the battery, occupies too much of the electrode, resulting in an inefficient battery. In addition, in the case of lithium ion batteries currently produced, when only one surface is coated, the thickness of the aluminum foil, which is the positive electrode current collector plate, is 20 micrometers, and the thickness of the positive electrode film is about 70 micrometers. Thus, the amount of aluminum foil that does not contribute to the capacity occupies more than 20%, and the amount of aluminum foil occupies about 13% even when double-side coating on the aluminum foil to increase the efficiency of the capacity. As described above, when a large battery of an electric vehicle or an industrial battery is manufactured by the current manufacturing method, the volume of the foil, which is the current collector plate, in the total volume is considerably large, thus producing inefficient batteries.
따라서, 본 발명은 상기한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로서, 본 발명에서는 대형 리튬 이온 전지에서 용량에 기여 하지 않는 금속 집전판의 부피를 줄여서 리튬 이온 전지의 대용량화 및 대형화를 이루기 위해 금속망을 집전판으로 사용한 양극 전극 및 그의 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, 종래에 양극의 집전판으로 사용되던 알루미늄 호일을 알루미늄 금속망으로 교체하고 양극 필름의 두께를 증대 시키기 위해 용매 증발법 대신에 패이스트 (Paste) 에 의한 코팅을 하여 양극 필름의 두께를 250 ∼ 450 마이크로미터까지 증대시킨 금속망을 집전판으로 사용한 리튬 이온 전지의 양극 전극 및 그의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, in the present invention is to reduce the volume of the metal current collector plate that does not contribute to the capacity in a large lithium ion battery by collecting a metal network to achieve a large capacity and large size of the lithium ion battery The present invention relates to a positive electrode used as a front plate and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein a paste is used instead of a solvent evaporation method in order to replace the aluminum foil, which is conventionally used as a current collector of a positive electrode, with an aluminum metal mesh and increase the thickness of the positive electrode film. The present invention relates to a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery using a metal net with a thickness of 250 to 450 micrometers coated with a positive electrode as a current collector and a method of manufacturing the same.
도 1 은 본 발명에 의한 금속망을 집전판으로 사용한 리튬 이온 양극 전극의 반쪽 전지 충, 방전 시험결과를 나타내는 도면.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The figure which shows the half-cell charge and discharge test result of the lithium ion positive electrode which uses the metal network as a collector plate by this invention.
상기한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명에 의한 양극 전극은 금속망을 집전판으로 사용하였다. 또, 본 발명에 의한 리튬 이온 전지의 양극 전극의 제조방법에서는, 바인더인 폴리바이닐리딘 플로라이드 (PVDF) 를 용매인 엔엠피 (NMP) 에 녹여 균일한 바인더액을 제조하고, 상기 바인더액을 40℃ ∼ 70℃ 의 열을 가하여 폴리머를 용해하고 양극 활물질인 (LiCo02, LiNi02, LiMn204) 과 전자 전도물질인 아세틸렌 블랙을 볼밀에서 30 분 ∼ 90 분 정도의 볼밀링한 후, 바인더액과 믹싱하여 3 종류 LiCo02, LiNi02, LiMn204 의 코팅액 (패이스트) 을 제조하여, 상기 폴리바이닐리딘 플로라이드 용액속에 알루미늄 금속망을 5 초 ∼ 15 초 간 담근 후 꺼내어 60℃ ∼ 90℃ 에서 1 ∼ 4 분간 건조시켜 알루미늄 금속망 표면에 바인더 박막이 형성되도록 표면처리한다. 이러한 표면 처리는 폴리바이닐리딘 플로라이드가 성능이 우수한 바인더로서, 알루미늄금속망과의 접착력이 좋지 않으면 활물질인 LiCo02, LiNi02, LiMn204 끼리 강하게 접착되어 알루미늄 금속망과 양극 필름이 떨어지는 디레미네이션 (delamination) 현상이 발생하게 되는데, 상기 표면 처리는 이러한 현상을 방지하기 위함이다. 또한 상기 단계에서 바인더 박막으로 표면처리된 금속망위에 LiCo02, LiNi02, LiMn204 의 코팅액을 코팅한 후 90℃ ∼ 130℃ 의 온도에서 경화시켜, 양극 필름의 두께가 250 ∼ 450 마이크로미터 수준으로 금속망과 일체형의 전극 구조를 이루게 된다. 이때 집전판의 부피 비율은 7% 이하로 줄어든다.The anode electrode according to the present invention for achieving the above object was using a metal mesh as a current collector plate. Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery by this invention, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) which is a binder is melt | dissolved in NMP (NMP) which is a solvent, and a uniform binder liquid is produced, and the said binder liquid is The polymer is dissolved by applying a heat of 40 ° C. to 70 ° C., and ball milling the cathode active material (LiCo02, LiNi02, LiMn204) and acetylene black, which are electron conducting materials, in a ball mill for 30 minutes to 90 minutes, and then mixing with a binder liquid. Three kinds of coating liquids (pastes) of LiCo02, LiNi02, and LiMn204 were prepared, and the aluminum metal mesh was immersed in the polyvinylidene fluoride solution for 5 seconds to 15 seconds, then taken out and dried at 60 ° C to 90 ° C for 1 to 4 minutes. Surface treatment to form a binder thin film on the surface of the aluminum metal mesh. This surface treatment is a binder having excellent performance of polyvinylidene fluoride, and if the adhesion to the aluminum metal mesh is poor, the active materials LiCo02, LiNi02, and LiMn204 are strongly bonded to each other so that the aluminum metal mesh and the anode film fall off. ) Phenomenon occurs, the surface treatment is to prevent this phenomenon. In addition, after coating the coating solution of LiCo02, LiNi02, LiMn204 on the metal mesh surface treated with a binder thin film in the above step and cured at a temperature of 90 ℃ ~ 130 ℃, the thickness of the anode film 250 to 450 micrometers and An integrated electrode structure is achieved. At this time, the volume ratio of the current collector plate is reduced to 7% or less.
또한, 도 1 은 본 발명에 의한 금속망을 집전판으로 사용한 반쪽 전지 충, 방전 시험결과를 나타내는 도면으로서, 상기한 구성과 방법에 의하여 제조된 반쪽 전지 (half cell) 는 리튬금속을 표준전극으로 하고, 격막으로는, 기존 리튬 전지에서 사용되는 폴리프로필렌 필름을 사용하며, 전해액으로는 프로필렌 카보네이트 (PC) 와 디메틸카보네이트 (DMC) 의 혼합 용액에 LiPF6 리튬염이 들어가 있는 전해액을 사용하였다. 또, 필름의 두께와 활물질의 양으로부터 세종류의 양극 이론 용량을 구한 후 반쪽 전지를 C/5 의 표준 전류로 방전하여 용량의 추이를 실험하였다. 이 결과 LiCo02, LiNi02, LiMn204 등의 세종류의 양극모두 표준 방전 속도에서 이론 용량의 100% 방전이 되었다. 따라서, 양극 필름의 두께증대에 따른 분극현상과 같은 악영향은 발생하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 용량과 충, 방전횟수 (Cycel life) 는 서로 상반된 관계가 있다. 일반적로 전지는 두 부류로 나뉘어진다. 고용량 저 충, 방전수명의 전지와 저용량 고 충, 방전수명의 전지로 동일 성분의 전지도 나뉘어지게 된다. 본 발명에 의한 전지는 고용량 전지로 분류할 수 있다. 그러므로, 고용량을 실천함에 있어서 충, 방전 횟수에 어느 정도 영향을 받는지를 알아보아야 한다. 따라서, 본 발명에 의한 LiCo02, LiNi02, LiMn204 등 세종류의 양극 전극에 의해 제조된 반쪽 전지를 충, 방전 시험기에서 충, 방전 시험을 하였다. 먼저, 충전은 C/10 의 전류속도로 전류를 흐르게 하여, 정전압으로 전환시키는 혼합방식을 채택하였으며, 방전은 C/5 의 표준 전류속도로 방전시켰다. 이 결과 도 1 에 나타난 것과 같이 충, 방전횟수 20 회에서 LiCo02 전극은 초기용량의 96% 를 유지하고 있으며, LiNi02 전극은 93%, LiMn204 전극은 89% 를 각각 기록하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이것은 기존 리튬 이온 전지의 양극 반쪽전지 시험결과와 유사한 수치이다. 그러므로, 전극의 두께 증대 즉, 고용량화에도 불구하고 충, 방전수명에 큰 영향을 주지 않음을 알 수 있다.1 is a view showing the results of a half-cell charge and discharge test using the metal network according to the present invention as a current collector plate. The half-cell manufactured by the above-described configuration and method is made of lithium metal as a standard electrode. As the diaphragm, a polypropylene film used in a conventional lithium battery was used, and an electrolyte solution containing LiPF 6 lithium salt in a mixed solution of propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was used as an electrolyte solution. In addition, three kinds of positive electrode theoretical capacities were obtained from the thickness of the film and the amount of the active material, and then the half cell was discharged at a standard current of C / 5 to test the change in capacity. As a result, all three types of anodes such as LiCo02, LiNi02, and LiMn204 became 100% of the theoretical capacity at the standard discharge rate. Therefore, it can be seen that no adverse effects such as polarization due to the increase in the thickness of the positive electrode film occur. In addition, the capacity and the number of charge and discharge cycles (Cycel life) have a mutually opposite relationship. In general, batteries are divided into two classes. A battery of the same component is also divided into a high capacity low charge and discharge life battery and a low capacity high charge and discharge life battery. Batteries according to the present invention can be classified into high capacity batteries. Therefore, it is necessary to find out how much the number of charges and discharges is affected in the practice of high capacity. Therefore, the half-cell manufactured by three types of positive electrode, such as LiCo02, LiNi02, LiMn204 by this invention, was charged and discharged by the charge and discharge tester. First of all, charging adopts a mixing method in which a current flows at a current rate of C / 10 to switch to a constant voltage, and the discharge is discharged at a standard current rate of C / 5. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the LiCo02 electrode maintains 96% of the initial capacity at 20 charge / discharge cycles, 93% for the LiNi02 electrode, and 89% for the LiMn204 electrode. This is similar to the test result of the positive electrode half cell of the conventional lithium ion battery. Therefore, it can be seen that the increase in the thickness of the electrode, that is, the increase in capacity does not significantly affect the charge and discharge life.
이상에서 상세히 설명한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 의하면, 바인더 박막으로 표면처리된 금속망을 집전판으로 사용한 양극 전극 및 그의 제조방법을 제공함으로서, 양극 전극 필름의 두께를 증대시켜 고용량 전지를 얻을 수 있도록 하였으며, 집전판이 차지하는 비율 또한, 7% 이하로 줄였다. 이렇게 하여 리튬 이온 전지의 대용량 및 대형화에 기여 하였다. 또, 고용량화에도 불구하고 충, 방전수명에 큰 영향을 주지 않는 전지를 제조 가능케 하여, 앞으로 사용될 전기 자동차나 산업용의 대형전지의 부피를 현저히 줄여 소형화를 이룰 수 있는 효과가 있다.As described in detail above, according to the present invention, by providing a positive electrode and a manufacturing method thereof using a metal mesh surface treated with a binder thin film as a current collector plate, it is possible to obtain a high capacity battery by increasing the thickness of the positive electrode film. In addition, the ratio of the current collector plate is also reduced to less than 7%. This contributed to the large capacity and large size of the lithium ion battery. In addition, despite the high capacity, it is possible to manufacture a battery that does not significantly affect the charge and discharge life, it is possible to achieve a miniaturization by significantly reducing the volume of a large-sized battery of the electric vehicle or industrial to be used in the future.
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