KR19980034429A - How to display remaining capacity of battery having output and energy as state variables - Google Patents

How to display remaining capacity of battery having output and energy as state variables Download PDF

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KR19980034429A
KR19980034429A KR1019960052470A KR19960052470A KR19980034429A KR 19980034429 A KR19980034429 A KR 19980034429A KR 1019960052470 A KR1019960052470 A KR 1019960052470A KR 19960052470 A KR19960052470 A KR 19960052470A KR 19980034429 A KR19980034429 A KR 19980034429A
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remaining capacity
battery
output
discharge
energy
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KR1019960052470A
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KR100216809B1 (en
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이재걸
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김영귀
기아자동차 주식회사
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 배터리 방전시 출력을 계산하여 배터리의 총에너지로 하여 잔존용량을 연산한 다음 상기 잔존용량을 디스플레이 할수 있도록 하는 출력과 에너지를 상태변수로 갖는 배터리의 잔존용량 디스플레이방법에 관한 것으로, 종래의 전지 전압으로 잔존용량을 확인하는 방법과, 방전용량으로 잔존용량을 확인하는 방법 등은 다이나믹하게 변하는 방전패턴과 온도 그리고 잔존용량자체가 변함으로 일어나는 소모에너지의 변화 패턴을 실제 잔존용량계산에 고려하지 못하므로써 많은 오차를 보이는 문제점이 있다The present invention relates to a method of displaying the remaining capacity of a battery having an output and energy as state variables for calculating the remaining capacity and calculating the remaining capacity as the total energy of the battery and then displaying the remaining capacity. The method of checking the remaining capacity by the battery voltage and the method of checking the remaining capacity by the discharge capacity does not take into account the actual remaining capacity calculation pattern of the dynamically changing discharge pattern and the change of energy consumption caused by the temperature and the remaining capacity itself. There is a problem that shows a lot of errors

본 발명은 예시도면 도 2 내지 도 3과 같이, 만충전된 배터리(10)의 잔존용량은 1로 설정하는 한편 배터리 방전시 전류(I)와 전압(V) 및 방전시간(t)으로 연산되는 방전출력(P(t))을 시스템콘트롤러(12)에서 입력받아 특정시간동안(∠t)의 평균출력(Pa)을 구하고, 상기 평균출력(Pa)출력시 방전 종지전압까지 걸리는 종지시간(tc)을 측정하여 상기 만충전된 잔존용량(SOC)을 나타내는 1에서 총출력()/배터리의 총에너지(Wtotal)의 값을 감하여 잔존용량(SOC)을 계산하고, 이 잔존용량(SOC)를 운전석 대시보드상의 잔존용량계(14)를 통해 디스플레이하는 방법이다.2 to 3, the remaining capacity of the fully charged battery 10 is set to 1, and is calculated as the current I, the voltage V, and the discharge time t during battery discharge. The discharge output P (t) is inputted from the system controller 12 to obtain the average output Pa for a specific time (∠t), and the end time t until the discharge end voltage is output at the average output Pa output. c ) measuring the total power at 1 representing the full charge remaining capacity (SOC) The remaining capacity (SOC) is calculated by subtracting the total energy (Wtotal) value of the battery and displaying the remaining capacity (SOC) through the remaining capacity meter 14 on the driver's dashboard.

Description

출력과 에너지를 상태변수로 갖는 배터리의 잔존용량 디스플레이방법How to display remaining capacity of battery having output and energy as state variables

본 발명은 배터리 방전시 출력을 계산하여 배터리의 총에너지로 하여 잔존용량을 연산한 다음 상기 잔존용량을 디스플레이 할수 있도록 하는 출력과 에너지를 상태변수로 갖는 배터리의 잔존용량 디스플레이방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method of displaying the remaining capacity of a battery having an output and energy as state variables for calculating the remaining capacity and calculating the remaining capacity as the total energy of the battery and then displaying the remaining capacity.

일반적으로 자동차에는 초기 엔진시동시 스타터 모터의 구동이나 기타 전장품에 필요한 전류의 공급을 위해 배터리가 장착되어 있고, 또한 최근의 자동차개발추세로서는 대기오염에 심각한 영향을 주고 있는 현재의 가솔린이나 중유를 주연료로 사용하여 이의 연소에 의한 폭발력으로 주행할 수 있는 동력을 얻도록 된 차량대신에 공해발생이 적은 차량을 개발하기 위하여 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있는 바, 그중 하나로서 전력에 의하여 움직이는 전기자동차의 개발에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다.In general, automobiles are equipped with batteries for supplying the electric current required for driving starter motors or other electronic devices during initial engine start-up, and the recent development trend of automobiles is based on the current gasoline or heavy oil, which seriously affects air pollution. A lot of research is being done to develop a vehicle with less pollution instead of a vehicle that can be used as fuel to drive power by explosive power due to its combustion. Among them, the development of an electric vehicle driven by electric power is one of them. I'm working hard on that.

전기자동차는 구동연료로서 대개 2차전지인 납축전지를 사용하고 있으며, 납축전지에서 출력되는 전원으로 동력발생장치를 구동시키고 이를 동력전달장치를 통해 구동휘일로 전달하여 구동휘일을 회전시키므로써 전기자동차를 구동시키게 된다.Electric vehicles generally use lead acid batteries, which are secondary batteries, as a driving fuel, and drive electric power generating devices with power output from lead acid batteries, and transmit them to the driving wheels through the power transmission device to rotate the driving wheels. Will be driven.

이러한 납축전지는 각각 다른 금속으로 만든 양극과 음극의 전극과 전해액으로 구성되어 있으며, 양 극에 부하를 연결하여 각 전극의 작용물질과 전해액이 가지는 화학적 에너지를 전기적 에너지로 끌어 낼 수 있게 되어있다.These lead-acid batteries are composed of electrodes and electrolytes of a positive electrode and a negative electrode made of different metals, and by connecting a load to the positive electrode, it is possible to draw chemical energy of the working material and electrolyte of each electrode into electrical energy.

또한, 역으로 전기적 에너지를 주면 다시 화학적 에너지를 가진 본래의 작용 물질로 되돌아가게 된다.In addition, inversely giving electrical energy back to the original working material with chemical energy.

이와같은 축전지에 있어 방전이 진행됨에 따라 양극과 음극간의 단자전압은 점차로 내려가다가 어느 한도에 이르게 되면 급격히 저하하여 방전종지전압에 이르게 되며 그 이후 부터는 방전능력이 없어진다.In the battery, as the discharge proceeds, the terminal voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode gradually decreases and reaches a certain limit, and then rapidly decreases to reach the discharge end voltage.

방전종지전압 이하에서까지 방전하게 되면 전해액과 화학적 반응을 일으켜 전류를 생성하는 극판이 손상되어 축전지로서의 기능을 상실하게 된다.If the discharge is carried out below the discharge end voltage, the electrode plate which is chemically reacted with the electrolyte to generate a current is damaged and loses its function as a storage battery.

따라서 전기자동차는 배터리에 충전되어 있는 암페어시 용량{Ah = 일정방전 전류(A) * 방전 종지전압까지의 연속방전시간(h)} 만큼 주행할 수 있고, 주행중 구동휘일의 회전력을 역이용하여 발전을 한 후 다시 재충전시키면서 사용할 수 있도록 하고 있으며, 배터리가 완전히 방전될 정도까지 차를 운행하다 주행중 정지하게 되면 재충전에 어려움이 있어 곤란하므로 주행중 배터리의 잔존용량(SOC ; State of Charge)을 정확하게 파악하는 것이 중요하다.Therefore, the electric vehicle can travel as long as the ampere-hour capacity charged in the battery {Ah = constant discharge current (A) * continuous discharge time (h) up to the discharge end voltage) and generate power by using the rotational force of the driving wheel while driving. After recharging, it is possible to use it again and drive the car to the point where the battery is completely discharged. If it is stopped while driving, it is difficult to recharge it. Therefore, it is important to accurately understand the state of charge (SOC) of the battery while driving. Do.

현재 상용화 되고 있는 잔존 용량계는 잔존용량을 체크하는 방법에 따라 여러 종류가 있는데, 첫째로 전지 전압으로 잔존용량을 확인하는 방법과, 둘째로 방전용량으로 잔존용량을 확인하는 방법 등이 있다.There are several types of remaining capacity meters that are currently commercialized according to the method of checking the remaining capacity. First, there are methods of checking the remaining capacity by battery voltage, and second, checking the remaining capacity by discharge capacity.

그러나, 첫번째 방법에 있어서는 방전량에 따라 전압이 감소 즉 급가속시 잔존용량에 무관하게 전압이 순간적으로 감소하므로 적용에 문제가 있고, 두번째 방법에 있어서도 방전용량(Ah)으로 잔존용량을 확인하는 법 즉 방전작용에 따라 방전된 Ah의 값을 측정하는 것은 몇 Km로 정속 주행했는지 또는 시내주행을 했는지 등과 같은 부하조건에 따라 전지가 사용할 수 있는 용량(Ah)이 다르므로 잔존용량을 확인하기 위한 알고리듬이 무척까다롭게 되는 등 상기한 방식들은 다이나믹하게 변하는 방전패턴과 온도 그리고 잔존용량자체가 변함으로 일어나는 소모에너지의 변화 패턴을 실제 잔존용량계산에 고려하지 못하므로써 많은 오차를 보이는 문제점이 있다.However, in the first method, the voltage decreases according to the discharge amount, i.e., the voltage decreases instantaneously regardless of the remaining capacity during rapid acceleration, so there is a problem in application. In the second method, the remaining capacity is confirmed by the discharge capacity Ah. In other words, measuring the discharged Ah value according to the discharging action is the algorithm for checking the remaining capacity because the available battery capacity (Ah) varies depending on the load conditions such as the constant speed or the speed of driving in the city. The above-mentioned methods, such as being very difficult, have a problem of showing a lot of errors by not considering the dynamic remaining discharge pattern and the change pattern of energy consumption caused by the change of the remaining capacity itself in the actual remaining capacity calculation.

따라서, 본 발명은 상기한 종래의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로, 근본적인 방법에 의하여 배터리의 잔존용량을 산출하기 위하여 배터리가 방전함에 따라 배터리 내부상태(부하와 온도 등)가 변하게 됨을 고려하여 평균출력과 온도만의 함수인 전지의 총에너지를 인자로 하여 잔존용량(SOC)를 결정하도록 하는 출력과 에너지를 상태변수로 갖는 배터리의 잔존용량 디스플레이방법을 제공하고자 함에 발명의 목적이 있다.Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and the average of the internal battery conditions (load and temperature, etc.) changes as the battery discharges to calculate the remaining capacity of the battery by a fundamental method. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for displaying the remaining capacity of a battery having the output and energy as state variables for determining the remaining capacity (SOC) as a factor of the total energy of the battery as a function of output and temperature only.

상기와 같은 목적을 실현하기 위한 본 발명은 차량에 장착될 배터리의 단품에 대해 모델링하여 시스템콘트롤러에서 배터리 방전시 평균출력과 상기 평균출력으로 특정 종지전압에 도달했을 때의 종지시간을 계산하여, 상기 종지전압에 도달시간까지의 출력을 배터리의 총에너지로 나눈 값을 만충전된 잔존용량인 1로 감산하여 잔존용량을 판단하고, 이를 잔존용량계를 통해 디스플레이할 수 있도록 이루어진 것이다.The present invention for realizing the above object is modeled for a single unit of the battery to be mounted in a vehicle by calculating the average output when the battery discharged from the system controller and the end time when the specific end voltage is reached by the average output, It is made to determine the remaining capacity by subtracting the output divided by the total energy of the battery by the total energy of the battery to 1, the final capacity, and displaying it through the remaining capacity meter.

도 1은 차량의 배터리 방전시 시간에 따른 출력의 변화를 나타낸 도표,1 is a diagram showing a change in output with time during battery discharge of a vehicle;

도 2는 본 발명에 따른 배터리의 잔존용량 디스플레이방법을 구현하기 위한 구성도,2 is a configuration diagram for implementing a method of displaying a remaining capacity of a battery according to the present invention;

도 3은 본 발명에 따른 배터리의 잔존용량 디스플레이방법을 구현하기 위한 흐름도 이다.3 is a flowchart for implementing a method of displaying a remaining capacity of a battery according to the present invention.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명 *Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

10 - 배터리, 12 - 시스템콘트롤러,10-battery, 12-system controller,

14 - 잔존용량계, P(t) - 방전출력,14-remaining capacitance meter, P (t)-discharge output,

Pa - 평균출력, SOC - 잔존용량.Pa-average power, SOC-remaining capacity.

본 발명의 구성및 작용 효과를 첨부된 예시도면에 의거하여 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Referring to the configuration and operation of the present invention in detail based on the accompanying drawings as follows.

본 발명은 만충전된 배터리(10)의 잔존용량을 1로 설정하는 한편 배터리 방전시 전류(I)와 전압(V) 및 방전시간(t)으로 연산되는 방전출력(P(t))을 시스템콘트롤러(12)에서 입력받아 특정시간동안(Δt)의 평균출력(Pa)을 구하고, 상기 평균출력(Pa)출력시 방전 종지전압까지 걸리는 종지시간(tc)을 측정하여 상기 만충전된 잔존용량(SOC)을 나타내는 1에서 총출력()/전지의 총에너지(Wtotal)의 값을 감산하여 잔존용량(SOC)를 계산하고, 이 잔존용량(SOC)를 운전석 대시보드상의 잔존용량계(14)를 통해 디스플레이하는 출력과 에너지를 상태변수로 갖는 배터리의 잔존용량 디스플레이방법이다.The present invention sets the remaining capacity of the fully charged battery 10 to 1 while the discharge output P (t) calculated by the current (I) and voltage (V) and discharge time (t) during battery discharge. The controller 12 receives the average output Pa of a predetermined time Δt during input from the controller 12, and measures the termination time t c , which takes the discharge end voltage at the output of the average output Pa, to measure the remaining full capacity. Gross output at 1 (SOC) Calculate the remaining capacity (SOC) by subtracting the total energy (Wtotal) value of the battery, and display the output capacity and energy displayed by the remaining capacity meter (14) on the driver's dashboard. The remaining capacity of the battery display method.

예시도면 도 1은 차량의 배터리 방전시 시간에 따른 출력의 변화를 나타낸 도표로서, 배터리 방전시 전류(I)와 전압(V)으로 계산되는 출력(P)이 시간(t)에 따라 변화되는 것을 나타낸 것이다.Exemplary Drawing FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a change in output according to time when a vehicle discharges a battery. The output P calculated by the current (I) and the voltage (V) during battery discharge changes with time (t). It is shown.

따라서, 본 발명에서는 상기 도표에 나타나는 출력(P)과 배터리의 총 에너지(Wtotal)를 상태변수로 하여 잔존용량(SOC)을 계산하는 것이다.Therefore, in the present invention, the remaining capacity SOC is calculated using the output P and the total energy W total of the battery as state variables.

예시도면 도 2는 본 발명에 따른 배터리의 잔존용량 디스플레이방법을 구현하기 위한 구성도 이고, 도 3은 본 발명에 따른 배터리의 잔존용량 디스플레이방법을 구현하기 위한 흐름도 이다.Exemplary Drawings Figure 2 is a block diagram for implementing the remaining capacity display method of the battery according to the present invention, Figure 3 is a flow chart for implementing the remaining capacity display method of the battery according to the present invention.

여기서, 배터리(10)방전시 방전되는 전류(I)와 전압(V)과 시간(t)이 변수가 되는 방전출력(P(t))을 구하여 시스템콘트롤러(12)에 입력하면, 상기 시스템콘트롤러(12)에서는 특정시간동안(Δt)의 평균출력(Pa)과 상기 평균출력(Pa)출력시 방전 종지전압까지 걸리는 종지시간(tc)을 순차적으로 측정하게 되는데, 이 평균출력(Pa)은 아래 식과 같이 하여 계산된다.Here, if the discharge output P (t) whose current I, voltage V, and time t are discharged when the battery 10 is discharged is obtained and inputted to the system controller 12, the system controller 12 is obtained. In (12), the average output Pa of a certain time (Δt) and the termination time (t c ) taken up to the discharge end voltage at the output of the average output (Pa) are sequentially measured. It is calculated as follows.

Pa =Pa =

Δt : 동안평균출력Δt: mean output

또한, 상기와 같이 계산된 평균출력(Pa)과 종지시간(tc)으로 하여 총출력()이 계산되며, 이 총출력과 전지의 총에너지(Wtotal)를 변수로 하여 잔존용량(SOC)이 아래와 같이 계산된다.Further, the total output (assuming that the average power Pa and the end time t c calculated as described above) ) Is calculated, and the remaining capacity (SOC) is calculated as follows using this total output and the total energy of the battery (Wtotal).

이어서 시스템콘트롤러(12)는 상기와 같이 계산된 잔존용량(SOC)를 운전석의 대시보드상에 구비된 잔존용량계(14)를 통해 표시해주게 된다.Subsequently, the system controller 12 displays the remaining capacity SOC calculated as described above through the remaining capacity meter 14 provided on the dashboard of the driver's seat.

상기한 바와 같이, 본 발명은 배터리의 출력과 에너지를 측정하고, 이를 상태변수로 하여 잔존용량을 시스템콘트롤러에서 대시보드상의 잔존용량계에 표시함으로써 충전요망시점을 정확하게 알 수 있고, 주행중 잔존용량으로 주행할 수 있는 거리를 예측할 수 있게 되어 배터리용량 고갈에 의한 정지를 피할수 있어서 안전한 주행을 할 수 있는 효과가 있다.As described above, the present invention measures the output and energy of the battery, and displays the remaining capacity on the dashboard of the system controller with the remaining capacity as a state variable, it is possible to accurately know the time point for charging, the remaining capacity while driving The distance that can be driven can be predicted, and thus the stopping by the depletion of the battery capacity can be avoided, thereby making it possible to drive safely.

Claims (1)

만충전된 배터리(10)의 잔존용량을 1로 설정하는 한편 배터리 방전시 전류(I)와 전압(V) 및 방전시간(t)으로 연산되는 방전출력(P(t))을 시스템콘트롤러(12)에서 입력받아 특정시간동안(Δt)의 평균출력(Pa)을 구하고, 상기 평균출력(Pa)출력시 방전 종지전압까지 걸리는 종지시간(tc)을 측정하여 상기 만충전된 잔존용량(SOC)을 나타내는 1에서 총출력()/전지의 총에너지(Wtotal)의 값을 감하여 잔존용량(SOC)를 계산하고, 이 잔존용량(SOC)를 운전석 대시보드상의 잔존용량계(14)를 통해 디스플레이하는 것을 특징으로 하는 출력과 에너지를 상태변수로 갖는 배터리의 잔존용량 디스플레이방법.The remaining capacity of the fully charged battery 10 is set to 1, and the discharge controller P (t) calculated as the current I, the voltage V, and the discharge time t at the time of battery discharge is set by the system controller 12. The average output (Pa) of a predetermined time (Δt) is received from the input, and the end time (t c ) that takes the discharge end voltage at the output of the average output (Pa) is measured. Total power from 1 to Output / energy, characterized by calculating the remaining capacity (SOC) by subtracting the total energy (Wtotal) value of the battery and displaying the remaining capacity (SOC) through the remaining capacity meter on the driver's dashboard. Method of displaying the remaining capacity of the battery having a state variable.
KR1019960052470A 1996-11-06 1996-11-06 Method for displaying soc of battery having output and energy as state variable KR100216809B1 (en)

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