KR102623083B1 - 1st mortar casting type noise prevention construction method and construction structure without resonance space - Google Patents
1st mortar casting type noise prevention construction method and construction structure without resonance space Download PDFInfo
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- KR102623083B1 KR102623083B1 KR1020220053954A KR20220053954A KR102623083B1 KR 102623083 B1 KR102623083 B1 KR 102623083B1 KR 1020220053954 A KR1020220053954 A KR 1020220053954A KR 20220053954 A KR20220053954 A KR 20220053954A KR 102623083 B1 KR102623083 B1 KR 102623083B1
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- mortar
- expanded polystyrene
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
- E04F15/20—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors for sound insulation
- E04F15/203—Separately-laid layers for sound insulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
- E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/12—Flooring or floor layers made of masses in situ, e.g. seamless magnesite floors, terrazzo gypsum floors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
- E04F15/188—Edge insulation strips, e.g. for floor screed layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08J2325/06—Polystyrene
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
- E04F2290/02—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets
- E04F2290/023—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets for heating
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
- E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
- E04F2290/041—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire against noise
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
- E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
- E04F2290/044—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire against impact
Abstract
본 발명은 공명공간을 제거한 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 시공공법 및 시공구조에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 기존의 층간슬라브 표면에 1차몰탈을 타설하고 몰탈이 굳기전에 몰탈의 표면에 상면은 평면을 이루고 저면은 웨이브형상으로 하거나 다양한 돌기 또는 요홈을 형성한 발포폴리스타이렌(EPS:Expanded Polystylene=비드법보온판=스티로폼)을 적층하여 몰탈과 폴리스타이렌 사이에 공극이 생기지 않도록 하여 양생시키고, 상기 폴리스타이렌 상면에 배관을 한 다음, 바닥몰탈을 타설하여 바닥면을 양생하여 층간 슬라브와 바닥면 사이에 공극을 제거하여 공명현상이 발생하지 않도록 한 공명공간을 제거한 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 시공공법 및 시공구조에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a primary mortar pouring type noise-prevention construction method and construction structure that eliminates resonance space. More specifically, the primary mortar is poured on the surface of an existing interlayer slab and the upper surface of the mortar is flat before the mortar hardens. The bottom surface is laminated with expanded polystyrene (EPS: Expanded Polystylene = Bead Insulating Plate = Styrofoam) in a wave shape or with various protrusions or grooves, cured to prevent voids between the mortar and polystyrene, and placed on the upper surface of the polystyrene. After piping, floor mortar is poured to cure the floor surface to remove the voids between the inter-floor slabs and the floor surface, and the noise prevention construction method and construction structure of the primary mortar pouring type that removes the resonance space to prevent resonance phenomenon. It's about.
Description
본 발명은 공명공간을 제거한 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 시공공법 및 시공구조에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 기존의 층간슬라브 표면에 1차몰탈을 타설하고 몰탈이 굳기전에 몰탈의 표면에, 상면은 평면을 이루고 저면은 웨이브형상으로 하거나 다양한 돌기 또는 요홈을 형성한 발포폴리스타이렌(EPS:Expanded Polystylene=비드법보온판=스티로폼)을 적층하여 몰탈과 폴리스타이렌 사이에 공극이 생기지 않도록 하여 양생시키고, 상기 폴리스타이렌 상면에 배관을 한 다음, 바닥몰탈을 타설하여 바닥면을 양생하여 층간 슬라브와 바닥면 사이에 공극을 제거하여 공명현상이 발생하지 않도록 한 공명공간을 제거한 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 시공공법 및 시공구조에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a primary mortar pouring type noise-prevention construction method and construction structure that eliminates resonance space. More specifically, the primary mortar is poured on the surface of an existing interlayer slab, and the upper surface is placed on the surface of the mortar before the mortar hardens. Expanded polystyrene (EPS: Expanded Polystylene = Bead Method Insulating Plate = Styrofoam) that is flat and has a wave shape on the bottom or has various protrusions or grooves is laminated and cured to prevent voids between the mortar and polystyrene, and the upper surface of the polystyrene is cured. After piping, pouring floor mortar to cure the floor surface to remove the voids between the inter-floor slabs and the floor surface to prevent resonance phenomenon. Primary mortar pouring type noise prevention construction method and construction structure that eliminates the resonance space. It's about.
우리나라 전체 가구수의 50% 이상이 아파트나 연립 등의 공동주택에서 생활하고 있으며, 이들 공동주택은 통상 두께가 120~200mm의 콘크리트로 벽체 및 바닥과 천장이 서로 연결되어 하나의 건물구조체로 구성된다.More than 50% of the total number of households in Korea live in apartments or townhouses, and these apartments are usually made of concrete with a thickness of 120 to 200 mm, and the walls, floors, and ceilings are connected to form a single building structure.
이러한 공동주택은 벽체가 하중을 지탱하는 벽식구조이기 때문에 실제로 고체소음, 즉 구조체 소음이 벽체 와 바닥을 따라서 전달되는 것이 특징이며, 아파트와 같은 공동주택이나 복층 건축물의 경우, 공기전파음은 콘 크리트 슬래브 구조에 의해 대다수가 차단되나, 상층바닥에서 사람의 보행이나 물건의 낙하 등에 의해 바닥에 충격이나 진동이 직접 가해지면 고체전파음으로 변하여 거의 감쇠되지 않고, 바닥 슬래브나 천정 또는 벽체를 통해 하층 또는 인접 세대내로 전달되어 이웃에 피해를 줌으로써, 건축물 을 통하여 전달되는 소음을 차단하는 것이 가장 중요한 현안으로 떠오르고 있다.Since these apartments are wall-type structures where the walls support the load, the characteristic is that solid noise, that is, structural noise, is transmitted along the walls and floors. In the case of apartments or multi-story buildings, airborne sound is transmitted through the concrete. The majority is blocked by the slab structure, but if shock or vibration is directly applied to the floor due to a person's walking or an object falling from the upper floor, it turns into a solid propagated sound and is hardly attenuated, and is transmitted through the floor slab, ceiling, or wall to the lower floor or floor. Blocking noise transmitted through buildings is emerging as the most important issue as it is transmitted to adjacent households and causes damage to neighbors.
이와 같은 층간소음은 피아노 등과 같은 악기를 연주하거나, 오디오나 텔레비전의 소리 등은 공기전달소음으로 구분되며, 물체를 떨어 뜨리거나 뛰는 행동으로 인해 발생하는 소음은 충격소음으로 구분할 수 있다.Such inter-floor noise, such as playing musical instruments such as pianos, audio or television sounds, etc. can be classified as airborne noise, while noise generated from dropping objects or jumping can be classified as impact noise.
이러한 충격소음은 그릇이나 물건의 낙하음, 의자 이동음과 같이 고주파 음을 발생시키는 경량 충격음과, 성인보행 또는 어린이의 뜀뛰기 등과 같이 저주파 음을 발생시키는 중량충격음으로 대 별된다.These impact noises are roughly divided into light impact noises that generate high-frequency sounds, such as the sound of dishes or objects falling or chairs moving, and heavy impact noises that generate low-frequency sounds, such as adults walking or children jumping.
이에 층간 소음차단을 위한 바닥구조로, 콘크리트 슬래브와 경량기포콘크리트사이에 폴리에스테르와 같은 완충재층을 구성하여 바닥충격음을 차단하려 하고 있으나 이와 같은 구성에서는 경량음은 차단하나 중량음은 차단하지 못하고 그대로 전달되어 많은 문제를 야기하고 있다. Accordingly, as a floor structure to block noise between floors, a cushioning material layer such as polyester is constructed between the concrete slab and lightweight foam concrete to block floor impact sound. However, this structure blocks light sound, but does not block heavy sound, and remains as is. It is being passed on and causing many problems.
또한, 슬래브 위에 자갈 등을 깔고 그 위에 시멘트를 타설하는 등 4단계 내지 5단계의 공정을거쳐 시멘트를 경화시키고, 그 위에 완충재 등 층간 소음을 줄이기 위해 별도의 탄성매트 등을 시공하는 방법에 관한 것이나, 역시 많은 공정등을 거치는 관계로 시공에 많은 시간과 노력이 소요되며, 그에 따라 인건비 등이 추가되어 시공비가 많이 들어가는 등의 단점이 있어 실용화 되지 못하는 것이 현실정이다.In addition, it relates to a method of hardening the cement through a 4 to 5-step process, such as laying gravel on the slab and pouring cement on top, and constructing a separate elastic mat, such as a buffer material, on top of it to reduce noise between floors. , it also takes a lot of time and effort for construction because it goes through many processes, and as a result, it has disadvantages such as additional labor costs and high construction costs, so it is not practical.
이에 지금까지 개발된 층간소음방지 방법이나 그구조에 대한 특허문헌을 살펴보면 다음과 같다.Accordingly, if we look at the patent literature on inter-floor noise prevention methods and structures developed so far, they are as follows.
그러나 상기한 지금까지의 바닥시공방법은 건축물의 슬라브와 바닥몰탈 사이에 의도적으로 공극이 발생하도록 하여, 상부의 진동이 하부로 전달되지 않도록 하는 구조를 선택함으로써, 오히려 공명 현상을 유발하여 저 큰 소음을 발생하는 한 원인이 되었다.However, the floor construction method described above intentionally creates a void between the slab of the building and the floor mortar, and selects a structure that prevents vibration from the upper part from being transmitted to the lower part, thereby causing a resonance phenomenon and creating a large noise. became one of the causes.
본 발명은 상기한 지금까지의 문제점을 해결하고자 기존의 층간슬라브 표면에 1차몰탈을 타설하고 몰탈이 굳기전에 몰탈의 표면에 상면은 평면을 이루고 저면은 웨이브형상으로 하거나 다양한 돌기 또는 요홈을 형성한 발포폴리스타이렌(EPS:Expanded Polystylene=비드법보온판=스티로폼)을 적층하여 몰탈과 폴리스타이렌 사이에 공극이 생기지 않도록 하여 양생시키고, 상기 폴리스타이렌 상면에 배관을 한 다음, 바닥몰탈을 타설하여 바닥면을 양생하여 층간 슬라브와 바닥면 사이에 공극을 제거하여 공명현상이 발생하지 않도록 하여 층간소음 발생을 억제하도록 함에 그 목적이 있다.In order to solve the problems mentioned above, the present invention is to pour primary mortar on the surface of the existing interlayer slab, and before the mortar hardens, the upper surface of the mortar is flat, the bottom is wave-shaped, or various protrusions or grooves are formed. Expanded polystyrene (EPS: Expanded Polystylene = Bead Method Insulating Board = Styrofoam) is laminated and cured to prevent voids between the mortar and polystyrene, pipes are piped on the upper surface of the polystyrene, and floor mortar is poured to cure the floor. The purpose is to suppress the generation of inter-floor noise by eliminating the air gap between the inter-floor slab and the floor to prevent resonance from occurring.
상기한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은, 공명공간을 소음방지 시공공법에 있어서, The present invention for achieving the above object is a noise prevention construction method for a resonance space,
상면은 평면을 이루고 저면은 웨이브형상으로 하거나 다양한 돌기 또는 요홈을 형성한 발포폴리스타이렌(EPS:Expanded Polystylene=비드법보온판=스티로폼)을 성형하는 발포폴리스타이렌 성형공정과; 표면은 평면을 구성하고 이면에는 격자 문양의 홈을 형성한 테이프로 된 측면차음재를 성형하는 측면차음재 성형공정과; 시공하고자 하는 공간의 사방 벽면 하단에 측면차음재를 부착시공하는 측면차음재 시공공정과; 상기 측면차음재 시공공정에서 측면차음재를 설치한 공간의 건축물을 형성하는 층간슬라브 표면에 1차몰탈을 타설하여 1차몰탈층을 형성하는 1차몰탈 타설공정과; 상기 1차몰탈타설공정에서 층간슬라브 표면에 타설되어 표면 수평을 이루는 1차몰탈이 굳기 전에 발포폴리스타이렌성형공정에서 얻어진 발포폴리스타이렌을, 웨이브형상으로 하거나 다양한 돌기 또는 요홈을 형성웨이브형상으로 하거나 다양한 돌기를 형성한 저면이 상기 1차몰탈층 표면에 밀착되어, 1차몰탈과 발포폴리스타이렌 사이에 공극이 없이 일체가 되도록 깔아서 발포폴리스타이렌층을 형성하는 발포폴리스타이렌 시공공정과; 상기 발포폴리스타이렌 시공공정에서 1차몰탈층 상면에 일체로 깔아서 시공한 발포폴리스타이렌과 1차몰탈층 사이에 공극이 발생하지 않도록 양생시키는 1차몰탈 양생공정과; 상기 1차몰탈 양생공정에서 1차몰탈층과 사이에 공극이 없이 일체로 양생된 발포폴리스타이렌 상면에 배관을 하는 배관공정과; 발포폴리스타이렌 상면에 바닥마감몰탈을 타설하여 배관을 묻어주고 바닥마감몰탈층을 형성하는 바닥마감몰탈층 시공공정을 순차로 실시하는 공명공간을 제거한 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 시공공법으로, 상기 건물의 기초 뼈대를 형성하는 구조물인 층간슬라브로 구획된 공간의 사방벽면 하단에 부착설치되는 측면차음재와; 상기 건물의 기초 뼈대를 형성하는 구조물인 층간슬라브의 상면에 타설하여 형성하는 1차몰탈층과; 상기 1차몰탈층 상면에 일체로 밀착결합하여 발포폴리스타이렌층을 구성하는 발포폴리스타이렌과; 상기 발포폴리스타이렌층을 구성하는 발포폴리스타이렌 표면에 배관한 배관과; 상기 발포폴리스타이렌 표면에 배관한 배관이 묻히도록 몰탈을 타설하여 형성한 바닥마감몰탈층으로 구성한 1차 몰탈 타설식 공명공간을 제거한 소음방지 공법 시공구조를 얻는다.An expanded polystyrene molding process for molding expanded polystyrene (EPS: Expanded Polystylene = Bead Method Insulating Plate = Styrofoam) with a flat upper surface and a wave shape on the lower surface or with various protrusions or grooves; A side sound insulating material forming process of forming a side sound insulating material made of tape with a flat surface and grid pattern grooves on the back side; A side sound insulating material construction process of attaching side sound insulating material to the bottom of the four walls of the space to be constructed; In the side sound insulating material construction process, a primary mortar pouring process of forming a first mortar layer by pouring primary mortar on the surface of the interlayer slab forming the building in the space where the side sound insulating material is installed; In the first mortar pouring process, before the primary mortar that is poured on the surface of the interlayer slab and forms a horizontal surface hardens, the expanded polystyrene obtained in the expanded polystyrene molding process is formed into a wave shape or various protrusions or grooves are formed into a wave shape or various protrusions are formed. A expanded polystyrene construction process in which the formed bottom surface is in close contact with the surface of the first mortar layer and the expanded polystyrene layer is laid so that the primary mortar and the expanded polystyrene are integrated without any voids; A primary mortar curing process of curing the expanded polystyrene installed integrally on the upper surface of the first mortar layer in the expanded polystyrene construction process to prevent voids from occurring between the first mortar layer and the expanded polystyrene layer; A piping process of piping the upper surface of the expanded polystyrene cured integrally with no voids between the first mortar layer and the first mortar layer in the first mortar curing process; It is a primary mortar pouring noise prevention construction method that removes the resonance space in which the floor finishing mortar layer construction process is sequentially performed by pouring floor finishing mortar on the upper surface of expanded polystyrene, burying pipes, and forming a floor finishing mortar layer. A side sound insulating material attached and installed at the bottom of the four walls of a space divided by an inter-floor slab, which is a structure forming the basic framework; A first mortar layer formed by pouring on the upper surface of the interlayer slab, which is a structure forming the basic framework of the building; expanded polystyrene that is tightly bonded to the upper surface of the first mortar layer to form an expanded polystyrene layer; a pipe piped to the surface of the expanded polystyrene constituting the expanded polystyrene layer; A noise-prevention method construction structure is obtained by eliminating the primary mortar pouring resonance space, which is composed of a floor finishing mortar layer formed by pouring mortar so that the piping piped on the expanded polystyrene surface is buried.
상기한 본 발명은 기존의 층간슬라브 표면에 1차몰탈을 타설하고 몰탈이 굳기전에 몰탈의 표면에 상면은 평면을 이루고 저면은 웨이브형상으로 하거나 다양한 돌기 또는 요홈을 형성한 발포폴리스타이렌(EPS:Expanded Polystylene=비드법보온판=스티로폼)을 적층하여 몰탈과 폴리스타이렌 사이에 공극이 생기지 않도록 하여 양생시키고, 상기 폴리스타이렌 상면에 배관을 한 다음, 바닥몰탈을 타설하여 바닥면을 양생하여 층간 슬라브와 바닥면 사이에 공극을 제거하여 공명현상이 발생하지 않도록 한 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 공법 및 공명공간을 제거하여 공명현상을 억제 억제하도록 함으로써, 간편한 시공으로 층간소음 발생을 최소화하는 신규한 효과를 창출한다.The present invention described above involves pouring primary mortar on the surface of an existing interlayer slab, and before the mortar hardens, the upper surface of the mortar is flat and the bottom is wave-shaped, or expanded polystyrene (EPS) is formed with various protrusions or grooves. = bead method insulating plate = styrofoam) are stacked to prevent voids between the mortar and polystyrene and cured, pipes are placed on the upper surface of the polystyrene, and then floor mortar is poured to cure the floor, creating a gap between the inter-floor slab and the floor. The primary mortar pouring noise prevention method removes voids to prevent resonance phenomenon and suppresses resonance phenomenon by eliminating resonance space, creating a new effect of minimizing inter-floor noise through simple construction.
도 1은 본 발명의 실시에 따른 공정도.
도 2는 본 발명의 시공구조 예시도.
도 3은 본 발명의 발포폴리스타이렌 저면에 엠보싱홈을 형성한 구조 예시도.
도 4는 본 발명의 측면차음재 이면 구성상태 예시도.1 is a process diagram according to the implementation of the present invention.
Figure 2 is an exemplary construction structure of the present invention.
Figure 3 is an exemplary structure in which an embossed groove is formed on the bottom of the expanded polystyrene of the present invention.
Figure 4 is an exemplary configuration of the back side of the side sound insulating material of the present invention.
공명공간을 제거한 소음방지 시공공법에 있어서, In the noise prevention construction method that eliminates resonance space,
상면은 평면을 이루고 저면은 웨이브형상으로 하거나 다양한 돌기 또는 요홈을 형성한 발포폴리스타이렌(EPS:Expanded Polystylene=비드법보온판=스티로폼)(30)을 성형하는 발포폴리스타이렌 성형공정과;An expanded polystyrene molding process for molding expanded polystyrene (EPS: Expanded Polystylene = Bead Method Insulating Plate = Styrofoam) 30 with a flat upper surface and a wave shape on the lower surface or with various protrusions or grooves formed;
표면은 평면을 구성하고 이면에는 격자 문양의 홈(55)을 형성한 테이프로 된 측면차음재(50)를 성형하는 측면차음재 성형공정과;A side sound insulating material forming process of forming a side sound insulating material (50) made of tape with a flat surface and grid pattern grooves (55) on the back side;
시공하고자 하는 공간의 사방 벽면(15) 하단에 측면차음재(50)를 부착시공하는 측면차음재 시공공정과;A side sound insulating material construction process of attaching a side sound insulating material (50) to the bottom of the four walls (15) of the space to be constructed;
상기 측면차음재 시공공정에서 측면차음재(50)를 설치한 공간의 건축물을 형성하는 층간슬라브(10) 표면에 1차몰탈을 타설하여 1차몰탈층(20)을 형성하는 1차몰탈 타설공정과;In the side sound insulating material construction process, a primary mortar pouring process of forming a first mortar layer (20) by pouring primary mortar on the surface of the inter-floor slab (10) forming the building in the space where the side sound insulating material (50) is installed;
상기 1차몰탈타설공정에서 층간슬라브(10) 표면에 타설되어 표면 수평을 이루는 1차몰탈이 굳기 전에 발포폴리스타이렌성형공정에서 얻어진 발포폴리스타이렌(30)을, 상면은 평면을 이루고 저면은 웨이브형상으로 하거나 다양한 돌기 또는 요홈을 형성한 바닥면이 상기 1차몰탈층(20) 표면에 밀착되어, 1차몰탈과 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 사이에 공극이 없이 일체가 되도록 깔아서 발포폴리스타이렌층을 형성하는 발포폴리스타이렌 시공공정과;In the first mortar pouring process, the expanded polystyrene (30) obtained in the expanded polystyrene molding process is placed on the surface of the interlayer slab (10) to form a horizontal surface before hardening, and the upper surface is flat and the bottom surface is wave-shaped. Expanded polystyrene construction in which the bottom surface with various protrusions or grooves is in close contact with the surface of the primary mortar layer (20), and the expanded polystyrene layer is formed by laying the primary mortar and the expanded polystyrene (30) so that they are integrated with no voids. process;
상기 발포폴리스타이렌 시공공정에서 1차몰탈층(20) 상면에 일체로 깔아서 시공한 발포폴리스타이렌(30)과 1차몰탈층(20) 사이에 공극이 발생하지 않도록 양생시키는 1차몰탈 양생공정과;A primary mortar curing process of curing the expanded polystyrene (30), which is installed integrally on the upper surface of the first mortar layer (20) in the expanded polystyrene construction process, to prevent voids from occurring between the first mortar layer (20);
상기 1차몰탈 양생공정에서 1차몰탈층(20)과 사이에 공극이 없이 일체로 양생된 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 상면에 배관(45)을 하는 배관공정과;A piping process of installing a piping 45 on the upper surface of the expanded polystyrene 30 cured integrally with the first mortar layer 20 without any voids in the first mortar curing process;
발포폴리스타이렌(30) 상면에 바닥마감몰탈을 타설하여 배관을 묻어주고 바닥마감몰탈층(40)을 형성하는 바닥마감몰탈층 시공공정을 순차로 실시하여 이루어진 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 공법을 완성한다.The first mortar pouring type noise prevention method is completed by pouring floor finishing mortar on the upper surface of expanded polystyrene (30), burying pipes, and sequentially performing the floor finishing mortar layer construction process to form the floor finishing mortar layer (40). .
상기한 공명공간을 제거한 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 시공공법을 실시하여, By implementing the primary mortar pouring type noise prevention construction method that eliminates the above-mentioned resonance space,
상기 건물의 기초 뼈대를 형성하는 구조물인 층간슬라브(10)로 구획된 공간의 사방 벽면(15) 하단에 부착설치되는 측면차음재(50)와;A side sound insulating material (50) attached and installed at the bottom of the four walls (15) of the space divided by the inter-floor slab (10), which is a structure forming the basic framework of the building;
상기 건물의 기초 뼈대를 형성하는 구조물인 층간슬라브(10)의 상면에 타설하여 형성하는 1차몰탈층(20)과;A first mortar layer (20) formed by pouring on the upper surface of the interlayer slab (10), which is a structure forming the basic framework of the building;
상기 1차몰탈층(20) 상면에 일체로 밀착결합하여 발포폴리스타이렌층을 구성하는 발포폴리스타이렌(30)과;Expanded polystyrene (30) tightly bonded to the upper surface of the first mortar layer (20) to form an expanded polystyrene layer;
상기 발포폴리스타이렌층을 구성하는 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 표면에 배관한 배관(45)과;a pipe (45) piped to the surface of the expanded polystyrene (30) constituting the expanded polystyrene layer;
상기 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 표면에 배관한 배관(45)이 묻히도록 몰탈을 타설하여 형성한 바닥마감몰탈층(40)으로 구성한 1차 몰탈 타설식 공명공간을 제거한 소음방지 공법 시공구조를 얻는다.A noise-prevention method construction structure is obtained by eliminating the primary mortar pouring resonance space, which consists of a floor finishing mortar layer (40) formed by pouring mortar so that the pipe (45) piped to the surface of the expanded polystyrene (30) is buried.
이때, 상기 측면차음재(50)는, 표면은 평면으로 구성하고, 이면은 종, 횡 방향으로 홈(55)을 형성하도록 구성한 것과;At this time, the side sound insulating material 50 is configured to have a flat surface and grooves 55 in the longitudinal and transverse directions on the back surface;
상기 발포폴리스타이렌층을 형성하는 발포폴리스타이렌(30)은 표면은 평면으로 구성하고 저면은 웨이브 형상으로 굴곡진 면을 형성하거나 다양한 돌기 또는 요홈을 형성하도록 구성한 것과;The expanded polystyrene 30 forming the expanded polystyrene layer has a flat surface and a bottom surface that is curved in a wave shape or has various protrusions or grooves;
상기 1차몰탈층(20)과 발포폴리스타이렌층 사이에 공간이 형성되지 않도록 1차몰탈과 발포폴리스타이렌(30)이 일체로 밀착접합 양생되도록 구성한 것을 더 포함한 공명공간을 제거한 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 시공구조를 완성한다.A primary mortar pouring type noise prevention system that eliminates resonance space, further comprising a structure in which the primary mortar and expanded polystyrene (30) are tightly bonded and cured as one piece so that no space is formed between the primary mortar layer (20) and the expanded polystyrene layer. Complete the construction structure.
이와 같은 본 발명을 실시예에 따라 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.The present invention will be described in detail according to examples as follows.
실시예Example
발포폴리스타이렌 성형공정;Expanded polystyrene molding process;
상면은 평면을 이루고 저면은 웨이브형상으로 하거나 다양한 돌기 또는 요홈을 형성하도록 발포폴리스타이렌(EPS:Expanded Polystylene=비드법보온판=스티로폼)(30)을 발포성형한다.Expanded polystyrene (EPS: Expanded Polystylene = Bead Method Insulating Plate = Styrofoam) (30) is foam molded so that the upper surface is flat and the bottom surface is wave-shaped, or various protrusions or grooves are formed.
본 공정은 발포폴리스타이렌 저면에 다양한 형상을 구현하는 것 외에는 공지된 방법과 일치한다.This process is consistent with known methods except for implementing various shapes on the bottom of expanded polystyrene.
여기서 특히 발포폴리스타이렌 저면에 원추형스파이크를 형성하여 1차몰탈과의 접합이 양호하게 할 수도 있다.Here, in particular, conical spikes may be formed on the bottom of expanded polystyrene to ensure good bonding with the primary mortar.
측면차음재 성형공정;Side sound insulation material forming process;
표면은 평면을 구성하고 이면에는 격자 문양의 홈(55)을 형성한 테이프로 된 측면차음재(50)를 성형한다.A side sound insulating material (50) made of tape is formed with a flat surface and grid pattern grooves (55) on the back side.
여기서 이면에 형성한 가로 세로로 격자문양으로 홈(55)을 형성함은 시공시 굽힘성을 확보하고 시공후 바닥면에서 발생한 습기를 배출하는 배출공 역활을 하도록 하기 위함이다.Here, the grooves 55 formed on the back side in a horizontal and vertical grid pattern are intended to ensure bendability during construction and to serve as discharge holes for discharging moisture generated from the floor after construction.
또한, 평면으로 구성된 표면에는 1차몰탈을 타설하는 1차몰탈층(20)의 높이를 가늠하도록 기준선을 인쇄하여 작업의 효율성을 향샹시킨다.In addition, a reference line is printed on the flat surface to measure the height of the first mortar layer 20 into which the first mortar is poured, thereby improving work efficiency.
측면차음재 시공공정;Side sound insulation construction process;
시공하고자 하는 공간의 사방 벽면(15) 하단에 상기 측면차음재 성형공정에서 성형한 롤 테이프 형상의 측면차음재(50)를 부착시공한다.The roll tape-shaped side sound insulating material 50 formed in the side sound insulating material forming process is attached to the bottom of the four walls 15 of the space to be constructed.
이때, 상기 측면차음재(50)의 격자 문양의 홈(55)을 형성한 이면을 벽면(15)에 부착하여 시공한다.At this time, the back side of the side sound insulating material 50 with the lattice pattern grooves 55 is attached to the wall 15 for construction.
이와 같이 홈(55)이 벽면으로 향하게 함은 통상적으로, 벽면에 내장용 석고보드나 단열시공을 한 상태에서는 측면차음재(50)가 벽면(15)에 밀착되어 올라오다가, 석고보드나 단열시공을 한 부위에서는 내향절곡되었다 다시 석고보드나 단열시공면에 밀착되어 상측으로 향해야 하는데, 홈(55)이 없으면 굴곡성이 떨어져서 측면차음재(50)의 상면이 석고보드나 단열시공면으로 부터 떨어져서 벌어지는 불상사로 불량시공 상태가 발생하게 된다.In this way, the groove 55 is usually directed toward the wall. In a state where interior gypsum board or insulation is installed on the wall, the side sound insulating material 50 comes up in close contact with the wall 15, and is then used for gypsum board or insulation. In the area where it was bent, it must be in close contact with the gypsum board or the insulation construction surface and face upward, but if there is no groove (55), the flexibility decreases and the upper surface of the side sound insulating material (50) separates from the gypsum board or insulation construction surface, causing an unfortunate event. This results in a defective construction condition.
따라서 이면에 격자 문양의 홈(55)을 형성한 본 발명의 측면차음재(50)는 상기한 이유로 인한 시공불량이 발생하지 않았다. Therefore, the side sound insulating material 50 of the present invention, which has grid-shaped grooves 55 formed on the back surface, did not have construction defects due to the above-mentioned reasons.
1차몰탈 타설공정;First mortar pouring process;
상기 측면차음재 시공공정에서 측면차음재(50)를 설치한 공간의 건축물을 형성하는 층간슬라브(10) 표면에 1차몰탈을 타설하여 1차몰탈층(20)을 형성한다.In the side sound insulating material construction process, the first mortar layer 20 is formed by pouring primary mortar on the surface of the interfloor slab 10 forming the building in the space where the side sound insulating material 50 is installed.
이와 같이 1차몰탈층(20)을 형성하기 위하여 1차몰탈을 타설하면 건축물 골조 시공시 발생되었던 층간슬라브(10) 표면이 평탄하지 않았던 것과 수평이 맞지 않았던 것이 해결된다.In this way, when the first mortar is poured to form the first mortar layer 20, the problem that the surface of the interlayer slab 10 was not flat and not level, which occurred during construction of the building frame, is solved.
지금까지는 1차몰탈을 기포몰탈을 타설함으로써 많은 공극이 생겼으나 본 발명에서는 일반 몰탈로 타설함이 다르다 할 것이다.Until now, many voids have been created by pouring the first mortar using bubble mortar, but in the present invention, pouring with general mortar will be different.
발포폴리스타이렌 시공공정; Expanded polystyrene construction process;
상기 1차몰탈타설공정에서 층간슬라브(10) 표면에 타설되어 표면 수평을 이루는 1차몰탈이 굳기 전에 발포폴리스타이렌 성형공정에서 얻어진 발포폴리스타이렌(30)을, 웨이브형상으로 하거나 다양한 돌기 또는 요홈을 형성한 저면이 상기 1차몰탈층(20) 표면에 밀착되어, 1차몰탈과 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 사이에 공극이 없이 일체가 되도록 깔아서 공극이 없도록 시공한다.In the first mortar pouring process, the expanded polystyrene (30) obtained in the expanded polystyrene molding process is formed in a wave shape or with various protrusions or grooves before the primary mortar, which is poured on the surface of the interlayer slab (10) and forms a horizontal surface, hardens. The bottom surface is in close contact with the surface of the primary mortar layer (20), and the primary mortar and expanded polystyrene (30) are laid so that there are no gaps and are integrated so that there are no gaps.
본 공정에서는 1차몰탈층(20)과 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 사이에 공극이 발생하지 않도록 하는 것이 가장 중요하다.In this process, it is most important to prevent voids from occurring between the first mortar layer (20) and expanded polystyrene (30).
지금까지는 상측 바닥면으로 발생한 소음이 층간슬라브(10)를 통하여아래층으로 전달되는 것을 상쇄 하는데 집중한 나머지 층간슬라브(10)와 바닥마감몰탈층(40) 사이에 음을 흡수하도록 하는데 주안점을 두고 되도록 이면 많은 공극을 형성하는 구조를 고집 하였으나 몰탈이 양생되어 딱딱하게 굳어지면서 공극이 하나의 공진공간이 되어 공진음이 발생하면서 층간소음을 키우는 역할을 하였다.Until now, the focus has been on offsetting the noise generated on the upper floor from being transmitted to the lower floor through the inter-floor slab (10), and the main focus has been on absorbing sound between the inter-floor slab (10) and the floor finishing mortar layer (40) as much as possible. They insisted on a structure that forms many pores on the back, but as the mortar cured and hardened, the pores became a resonant space, generating resonance noise and playing a role in increasing inter-floor noise.
따라서 본 발명에서는 공진음 발생을 억제하기 위하여 층간슬라브(10)와 바닥마감몰탈층(40) 사이에 공진음이 발생하는 공극이 발생하지 않도록 함에 주안점을 두었다. Therefore, in the present invention, in order to suppress the generation of resonance sound, emphasis was placed on preventing the generation of voids that generate resonance sound between the interfloor slab (10) and the floor finishing mortar layer (40).
1차몰탈 양생공정;First mortar curing process;
상기 발포폴리스타이렌 시공공정에서 1차몰탈층(20) 상면에 일체로 깔아서 시공한 발포폴리스타이렌(30)과 1차몰탈층(20) 사이에 공극이 발생하지 않도록 일체로 밀착하도록 양생시킨다. In the expanded polystyrene construction process, the expanded polystyrene (30), which is installed integrally on the upper surface of the first mortar layer (20), and the first mortar layer (20) are cured so that they are in close contact with each other so that no voids are created.
이때 타설한 1차몰탈이 너무 묽으면 수평을 맞추는데 불리하며, 너무 되면 공극이 발생할 우려가 있다.At this time, if the poured primary mortar is too thin, it is disadvantageous for leveling, and if it is too thin, there is a risk of voids occurring.
배관공정;piping process;
상기 1차몰탈 양생공정에서 1차몰탈층(20)과 사이에 공극이 없이 일체로 양생된 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 상면에 난방용 등의 배관(45)을 한다. In the first mortar curing process, a pipe 45 for heating, etc. is installed on the upper surface of the expanded polystyrene 30, which has been cured integrally with the first mortar layer 20 without any voids.
바닥마감몰탈층 시공공정;Floor finishing mortar layer construction process;
발포폴리스타이렌(30) 상면에 바닥마감몰탈을 타설하여 배관을 묻어주고 바닥마감몰탈층(40)을 형성한다.Floor finishing mortar is poured on the upper surface of expanded polystyrene (30) to bury pipes and form a floor finishing mortar layer (40).
이때의 바닥마감몰탈층(40)은 배관(45)이 완전히 묻혀서 배관(45)위에 몰탈층이 형성하도록 한다.At this time, the floor finishing mortar layer 40 is such that the pipe 45 is completely buried to form a mortar layer on the pipe 45.
본 발명은 상기한 공명공간을 제거한 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 시공공을 실시하여, 건물의 기초 뼈대를 형성하는 구조물인 층간슬라브(10)로 구획된 공간의 사방 벽면(15) 하단에 부착설치되는 측면차음재(50)와;The present invention carries out a primary mortar pouring type noise prevention construction work that eliminates the above-mentioned resonance space, and is attached and installed at the bottom of the four walls (15) of the space divided by the interfloor slab (10), which is a structure that forms the basic framework of the building. A side sound insulating material (50) and;
상기 건물의 기초 뼈대를 형성하는 구조물인 층간슬라브(10)의 상면에 타설하여 형성하는 1차몰탈층(20)과;A first mortar layer (20) formed by pouring on the upper surface of the interlayer slab (10), which is a structure forming the basic framework of the building;
상기 1차몰탈층(20) 상면에 일체로 밀착결합하여 발포폴리스타이렌층을 구성하는 발포폴리스타이렌(30)과;Expanded polystyrene (30) tightly bonded to the upper surface of the first mortar layer (20) to form an expanded polystyrene layer;
상기 발포폴리스타이렌층을 구성하는 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 표면에 배관한 배관(45)과;a pipe (45) piped to the surface of the expanded polystyrene (30) constituting the expanded polystyrene layer;
상기 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 표면에 배관한 배관(45)이 묻히도록 몰탈을 타설하여 형성한 바닥마감몰탈층(40)으로 구성한 공명공간을 제거한 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 시공구조를 얻는다.A primary mortar pouring type noise-prevention construction structure is obtained by removing the resonance space composed of the floor finishing mortar layer (40) formed by pouring mortar so that the pipe (45) piped to the surface of the expanded polystyrene (30) is buried.
상기한 본 발명은 건설현장에서 층간소음을 방지하기 위한 수단으로 실시할 수 있는 등 산업상 이용가치가 대단하다 할 것이다.The present invention described above has great industrial value, as it can be implemented as a means to prevent inter-floor noise at construction sites.
10: 층간슬라브 15: 벽면
20: 1차몰탈층
30: 발포폴리스타이렌
40: 바닥마감몰탈층 45: 배관
50: 측면차음재 55:홈10: Interfloor slab 15: Wall
20: First mortar layer
30: expanded polystyrene
40: Floor finishing mortar layer 45: Piping
50: Side sound insulation 55: Groove
Claims (3)
상면은 평면을 이루고 저면은 웨이브형상으로 하거나 다양한 돌기 또는 요홈을 형성한 발포폴리스타이렌(EPS:Expanded Polystylene=비드법보온판=스티로폼)(30)을 성형하는 발포폴리스타이렌 성형공정과;
표면은 평면을 구성하고 이면에는 격자 문양의 홈(55)을 형성한 테이프로 된 측면차음재(50)를 성형하는 측면차음재 성형공정과;
시공하고자 하는 공간의 사방 벽면(15) 하단에 측면차음재(50)를 부착시공하는 측면차음재 시공공정과;
상기 측면차음재 시공공정에서 측면차음재(50)를 설치한 공간의 건축물을 형성하는 층간슬라브(10) 표면에 1차몰탈을 타설하여 1차몰탈층(20)을 형성하는 1차몰탈 타설공정과;
상기 1차몰탈타설공정에서 층간슬라브(10) 표면에 타설되어 표면 수평을 이루는 1차몰탈이 굳기 전에 발포폴리스타이렌성형공정에서 얻어진 발포폴리스타이렌(30)을, 원추형스파이크를 형성하여 1차몰탈과의 접합이 양호하게 형성한 바닥면이 상기 1차몰탈층(20)에 박히도록 결합되어, 1차몰탈과 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 사이에 공극이 없이 일체가 되도록 깔아서 발포폴리스타이렌층을 형성하는 발포폴리스타이렌 시공공정과;
상기 발포폴리스타이렌 시공공정에서 1차몰탈층(20) 상면에 일체로 깔아서 시공한 발포폴리스타이렌(30)과 1차몰탈층(20) 사이에 공극이 발생하지 않도록 양생시키는 1차몰탈 양생공정과;
상기 1차몰탈 양생공정에서 1차몰탈층(20)과 사이에 공극이 없이 일체로 양생된 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 상면에 배관(45)을 하는 배관공정과;
발포폴리스타이렌(30) 상면에 바닥마감몰탈을 타설하여 배관을 묻어주고 바닥마감몰탈층(40)을 형성하는 바닥마감몰탈층 시공공정을 순차로 실시하여 이루어짐을 특징으로 하는 공명공간을 제거한 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 시공공법.In the noise prevention construction method that eliminates resonance space,
An expanded polystyrene molding process for molding expanded polystyrene (EPS: Expanded Polystylene = Bead Method Insulating Plate = Styrofoam) 30 with a flat upper surface and a wave shape on the lower surface or with various protrusions or grooves formed;
A side sound insulating material forming process of forming a side sound insulating material (50) made of tape with a flat surface and grid pattern grooves (55) on the back side;
A side sound insulating material construction process of attaching a side sound insulating material (50) to the bottom of the four walls (15) of the space to be constructed;
In the side sound insulating material construction process, a primary mortar pouring process of forming a first mortar layer (20) by pouring primary mortar on the surface of the inter-floor slab (10) forming the building in the space where the side sound insulating material (50) is installed;
In the first mortar pouring process, before the primary mortar that is poured on the surface of the interlayer slab (10) to level the surface hardens, the expanded polystyrene (30) obtained in the expanded polystyrene molding process is bonded to the first mortar by forming conical spikes. A expanded polystyrene construction process in which the well-formed bottom surface is combined to be embedded in the primary mortar layer (20), and the expanded polystyrene (30) is laid integrally with no voids between the primary mortar and the expanded polystyrene (30) to form an expanded polystyrene layer. class;
A primary mortar curing process of curing the expanded polystyrene (30), which is installed integrally on the upper surface of the first mortar layer (20) in the expanded polystyrene construction process, to prevent voids from occurring between the first mortar layer (20);
A piping process of installing a piping 45 on the upper surface of the expanded polystyrene 30 cured integrally with the first mortar layer 20 without any voids in the first mortar curing process;
A primary mortar with the resonance space removed, which is made by pouring floor finishing mortar on the upper surface of expanded polystyrene (30), burying pipes, and sequentially performing the floor finishing mortar layer construction process to form the floor finishing mortar layer (40). Pour-type noise prevention construction method.
건물의 기초 뼈대를 형성하는 구조물인 층간슬라브(10)로 구획된 공간의 사방 벽면(15) 하단에 부착설치되고 표면은 평면으로 구성하고, 이면은 종, 횡 방향으로 격자문양의 홈(55)을 형성하도록 구성한 측면차음재(50)와;
상기 건물의 기초 뼈대를 형성하는 구조물인 층간슬라브(10)의 상면에 타설하는 1차몰탈층(20)과;
상기 1차몰탈층(20)에 저면에 형성한 원추형스파이크가 박혀서 1차몰탈과 의 접합이 양호하게 밀착결합하며, 상면은 평면을 이루도록 구성한 발포폴리스타이렌(30)과;
상기 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 표면에 배관한 배관(45)과;
상기 발포폴리스타이렌(30) 표면에 배관한 배관(45)이 묻히도록 몰탈을 타설하여 형성한 바닥마감몰탈층(40)으로 구성하되, 상기 1차몰탈층(20)과 발포폴리스타이렌층 사이에 공간이 형성되지 않도록 1차몰탈과 발포폴리스타이렌(30)이 일체로 밀착접합 양생되도록 구성한 것을 특징으로 하는 공명공간을 제거한 1차 몰탈 타설식 소음방지 시공구조.In a noise-prevention construction structure that eliminates resonance spaces to block inter-floor noise,
It is attached and installed at the bottom of the four walls (15) of the space divided by the inter-floor slab (10), which is a structure that forms the basic framework of the building, and the surface is composed of a flat surface, and the back side has grid pattern grooves (55) in the vertical and horizontal directions. A side sound insulating material (50) configured to form a;
A first mortar layer (20) poured on the upper surface of the interlayer slab (10), which is a structure forming the basic framework of the building;
The expanded polystyrene (30) is configured to have conical spikes formed on the bottom of the primary mortar layer (20) so that it is well bonded to the primary mortar and has a flat upper surface;
A pipe (45) piped to the surface of the expanded polystyrene (30);
It consists of a floor finishing mortar layer (40) formed by pouring mortar so that the pipe (45) piped to the surface of the expanded polystyrene (30) is buried, and there is a space between the first mortar layer (20) and the expanded polystyrene layer. A primary mortar pouring type noise-prevention construction structure that eliminates resonance space, characterized in that the primary mortar and expanded polystyrene (30) are tightly bonded and cured as one piece to prevent formation.
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