KR102155019B1 - Sleeper for rail road using waste plastic - Google Patents

Sleeper for rail road using waste plastic Download PDF

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Publication number
KR102155019B1
KR102155019B1 KR1020190159377A KR20190159377A KR102155019B1 KR 102155019 B1 KR102155019 B1 KR 102155019B1 KR 1020190159377 A KR1020190159377 A KR 1020190159377A KR 20190159377 A KR20190159377 A KR 20190159377A KR 102155019 B1 KR102155019 B1 KR 102155019B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
waste plastic
weight
waste
parts
sleeper
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KR1020190159377A
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Korean (ko)
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정태호
고재철
표석훈
성덕룡
김보영
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(주)지주
울산과학기술원
대원대학교 산학협력단
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/44Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from other materials only if the material is essential
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92523Force; Tension
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12PP, i.e. polypropylene

Abstract

The present invention relates to a sleeper for a railroad, which is manufactured by using waste plastic. More specifically, the sleeper for a railroad, which is manufactured by using waste plastic, is molded by extruding mixed materials with an extruder. The mixed materials are obtained by mixing: 30-40 parts by weight of recycled waste plastic in which waste polypropylene and waste polyethylene are mixed; 25-35 parts by weight of household waste plastic in which waste plastic including PE, PP, PVC, and PET is mixed without being classified according to types of waste plastic; 25-35 parts by weight of a filler including pond ash or steel slag; 3-5 parts by weight of an anti-static agent; and 5-8 parts by weight of an antifoaming agent. The sleeper for a railroad, which is manufactured by using waste plastic, has the maximum bending load of 3,400-50,355 N, a thermal expansion coefficient of 1.0×10^-5, screw retention force of 872 N, flexural creep deformation of 0.14%, maximum tensile strength of 18.2-19.3 MPa, 6.37-7.42% of stain during destruction, and a modulus of 1,020-1,113 MPa. According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent environmental pollution and recycle resources.

Description

폐플라스틱을 이용한 철도용 침목 {Sleeper for rail road using waste plastic}Sleeper for rail road using waste plastic}

본 발명은 폐플라스틱을 이용한 철도용 침목에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a railroad sleeper using waste plastic.

철도용 침목은 주로 목침목이나 프리캐스트 콘크리트(PC 콘크리트) 침목이 사용되고 있다. 목침목은 수분에 취약하여 썩거나 충해 등으로 수명이 짧아서 주기적인 교체가 요구되며, 목재 수급의 어려움이 있다. 반면에, 콘크리트 침목은 철근을 사용하여 강도가 높고 내구성이 좋으며 생산의 편리성도 있으나, 운반이 어렵고 사용시 파손이나 균열 및 충격의 흡수력 부족으로 인한 소음발생 및 심한 진동으로 인한 레일의 수용저하 등의 문제가 있으며 중량이 무거워 시공 장소에 제약을 받는 문제점 등이 있다. The railroad sleepers are mainly wooden sleepers or precast concrete (PC concrete) sleepers. Wooden sleepers are vulnerable to moisture and have a short lifespan due to rot or insect damage, requiring periodic replacement, and there is a difficulty in supply and demand of wood. On the other hand, concrete sleepers use reinforced bars, so they have high strength, good durability, and convenience in production, but they are difficult to transport, and problems such as noise generation due to damage or cracks and lack of absorbing power of shocks and deterioration of rail acceptance due to severe vibrations. There is a problem that the construction site is restricted due to the heavy weight.

한편, 플라스틱은 필름, 각종 용기, 섬유 등의 다양한 분야에서 소재로 사용되고 있고, 점차 활용 범위가 확대되고 있다. 이에 따라 폐기되는 플라스틱 제품의 양도 증가하고 있는데, 통계에 의하면, 폐플라스틱은 2000년 297만 6000 톤에서 2009년 428만 7000톤으로 10년 만에 131만 1000 톤(44.1%) 증가했다. 반면, 플라스틱 재활용률은 2000 년 26.3%에서 2009 년 39.0%로 상승하는데 그치고 있다. 나머지 미회수 자원은 소각이나 매립 등의 방법으로 처리되고 있어서 환경오염을 유발할 분만 아니라 활용 가능한 자원의 최종 폐기에 의한 경제적 손실도 큰 것으로 분석되고 있다. On the other hand, plastic is used as a material in various fields such as films, various containers, and fibers, and the scope of application is gradually expanding. Accordingly, the amount of discarded plastic products is also increasing. According to statistics, waste plastics increased from 2.976,000 tons in 2000 to 4.287,000 tons in 2009, an increase of 13.11,000 tons (44.1%) in 10 years. On the other hand, the plastic recycling rate is only rising from 26.3% in 2000 to 39.0% in 2009. As the remaining unrecovered resources are being treated by incineration or landfill, it is analyzed that not only those that cause environmental pollution but also economic losses due to the final disposal of available resources are also significant.

따라서, 급증하고 있는 폐플라스틱을 재자원화할 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 최근에는 상기 목침목이나 콘크리트 침목을 대체할 침목의 개발이 다양하게 진행되고 있으며 그 중에서 합성수지를 이용한 침목이 개발되어 알려져 있다. (특허문헌 1 참조)Therefore, there is an increasing need to recycle waste plastics, which are increasing rapidly. Recently, various developments of sleepers to replace the wooden sleepers or concrete sleepers have been conducted, and among them, sleepers using synthetic resin have been developed and are known. (Refer to Patent Document 1)

KR 10-1424683 B1KR 10-1424683 B1 그러나, 기존의 목재 침목이나 PC 침목을 대체할 폐플라스틱을 이용한 철도용 침목의 기준 규격이 마련되어 있지 않는 실정이다.However, there is no standard standard for railroad sleepers using waste plastic to replace existing wooden sleepers or PC sleepers.

본 발명은 상기 종래기술의 문제점을 해결하고자 고안된 것으로서, 폐플라스틱을 재활용하여 제조되고, 철도의 플라스틱 침목으로서 요구되는 물성을 가지는 폐플라스틱을 이용한 철도용 침목을 제공함에 목적이 있다. The present invention has been devised to solve the problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a railroad sleeper using waste plastic that is manufactured by recycling waste plastic and has physical properties required as a plastic sleeper for a railroad.

또한, 본 발명은 플라스틱 철도 침목의 요구되는 물성을 충족시키는, 폐플라스틱을 이용한 철도용 침목의 재료 배합비율, 성형후의 침목의 물성, 제조방법에 대한 기술 표준을 마련하는 것에 다른 목적이 있다. In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a technical standard for the material mixing ratio of the railroad ties using waste plastic, the physical properties of the ties after molding, and the manufacturing method to satisfy the required physical properties of the plastic railroad ties.

상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 철도용 침목은, Railroad sleepers of the present invention for achieving the above object,

폐폴리프로필렌과 폐폴리에틸렌을 혼합한 재활용 폐플라스틱 30 내지 40 중량부; 30 to 40 parts by weight of recycled waste plastic obtained by mixing waste polypropylene and waste polyethylene;

PE, PP, PVC, PET을 포함하는 폐플라스틱들 종류별로 분별되지 않고 혼합된 생활 폐플라스틱 25 내지 35 중량부; 25 to 35 parts by weight of household waste plastics mixed without being classified according to types of waste plastics including PE, PP, PVC, and PET;

폰드 애쉬 또는 제강 슬래그를 포함한 필러 25 내지 35 중량부; 25 to 35 parts by weight of a filler including pond ash or steel slag;

대전방지제 3 내지 5 중량부; 및 3 to 5 parts by weight of an antistatic agent; And

소포제 5 내지 8중량부;를 혼합한 혼합 재료를 압출기로 압출하여 성형된 것을 특징으로 한다. 5 to 8 parts by weight of an antifoaming agent; It is characterized in that the mixed material is extruded and molded with an extruder.

상기한 본 발명의 폐플라스틱 철도용 침목은 상기 폰드 애쉬 또는 제강 슬래그는 플라스틱 성형품 내에서 균일하게 분포될 수 있도록 0.15~1.18mm의 입자크기를 가지는 것을 특징으로 한다. The waste plastic railroad sleeper of the present invention is characterized in that the pond ash or steel slag has a particle size of 0.15 to 1.18 mm so that it can be uniformly distributed in the plastic molded article.

상기 대전 방지제는 에톡시화 알킬아민(ethoxylated alkylamines) 또는 지방산 에스테르(fatty acid esters)인 것을 특징으로 한다. The antistatic agent is characterized in that it is ethoxylated alkylamines or fatty acid esters.

상기 소포제는 탄산칼슘인 것을 특징으로 한다. The antifoaming agent is characterized in that it is calcium carbonate.

상기한 본 발명의 폐플라스틱을 이용한 철도용 침목은 3,400N 내지 50,355N의 굴곡최대하중, 1.0×10-5 이하의 길이선 열팽창계수, 872N 이상의 나사못 유지력, 0.14% 이하의 굴곡크리프 변형을 가지는 것을 특징으로 한다. The railroad sleeper using the waste plastic of the present invention has a maximum bending load of 3,400N to 50,355N, a coefficient of thermal expansion of a length line of 1.0×10 -5 or less, a screw holding force of 872N or more, and a bending creep deformation of 0.14% or less. It is characterized.

또, 본 발명의 폐플라스틱 철도용 침목은 18.2 내지 19.3MPa의 최대 인장강도와, 6.37~7.42 %의 파단시 스트레인과, 1020~1113MPa의 모듈러스를 가지는 것을 특징으로 한다. In addition, the waste plastic railroad sleepers of the present invention are characterized by having a maximum tensile strength of 18.2 to 19.3 MPa, a strain at break of 6.37 to 7.42%, and a modulus of 1020 to 1113 MPa.

상기한 본 발명에 의하면, 물성에 대한 규격 조건을 충족시키는 폐플라스틱 철도용 침목을 기술 표준화하여 지속적으로 제공할 수 있다. According to the present invention described above, it is possible to continuously provide a waste plastic railroad sleeper that meets the standard conditions for physical properties by standardizing technology.

그리고, 환경 오염의 주된 원인이 되는 생활 배출 쓰레기로서 폐플라스틱 제품과 제철소 또는 화력발전소에서 배출되는 제강 슬래그나 폰드 애쉬를 재활용할 수 있어, 환경 오염을 예방할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 자원을 재활용할 수 있다. In addition, it is possible to recycle waste plastic products and steel slag or pond ash discharged from steel mills or thermal power plants as household waste that is the main cause of environmental pollution, thereby preventing environmental pollution as well as recycling resources.

그리고, 본 발명에 의하면, 수명이 짧아 교체주기가 상대적으로 짧은 목재 침목과 PC 침목을 대체할 수 있어 보수 교체 비용을 절감할 수 있다. In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to replace the wooden sleepers and PC sleepers having a relatively short replacement cycle due to their short lifespan, thereby reducing maintenance and replacement costs.

도 1은 본 발명의 폐플라스틱을 이용한 철도용 침목을 제조하는 과정을 도시한 순서도이고,
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 철도용 침목의 단면도 사진이고,
도 3은 비교예 1에 따른 철도 침목의 단면도 사진이다.
1 is a flow chart showing a process of manufacturing a railroad sleeper using the waste plastic of the present invention,
2 is a cross-sectional photograph of a railroad sleeper according to an embodiment of the present invention,
3 is a cross-sectional photograph of a railroad sleeper according to Comparative Example 1.

이하, 본 발명의 폐플라스틱을 이용한 철도용 침목의 바람직한 실시예를 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the railroad sleeper using the waste plastic of the present invention will be described in detail.

본 발명의 레일 침목은, 수거된 폐플라스틱에서 분별된 폐폴리에틸렌과 폐폴리프로필렌을 주재료로 사용한다. 상기 분별된 폐폴리에틸렌과 폐폴리프로필렌은 세척하고나서 수분함량이 1.0 내지 0.05%이하로 건조한 후, 파쇄기에서 일정한 크기로 파쇄한 파쇄편이 사용된다. 이에 한정되지 않고, 파쇄편을 펠릿형으로 가공한 것이 사용될 수 있다. The rail sleeper of the present invention uses waste polyethylene and waste polypropylene separated from the collected waste plastic as main materials. The fractionated waste polyethylene and waste polypropylene are washed and dried to a moisture content of 1.0 to 0.05% or less, and then crushed pieces crushed to a certain size in a crusher are used. It is not limited thereto, and the crushed piece processed into a pellet shape may be used.

본 발명의 철도용 침목의 재료로서, 플라스틱의 종류별로 분별되지 않고 여러 종류의 폐플라스틱, 예컨대 PE(폴리에틸렌), PP(폴리프로필렌), PVC(폴리비닐 클로라이드), PET(폴리에틸렌 테레프탈레이트,polyethylene terephthalate) 등이 혼합된 '생활 폐플라스틱'(이하, '생활 폐플라스틱'이라 한다)을 사용한다. As the material of the railroad sleeper of the present invention, various types of waste plastics, such as PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PET (polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate), are not classified according to the type of plastic. ), etc. mixed with'life waste plastic' (hereinafter referred to as'life waste plastic') is used.

본 발명의 철도용 침목의 재료 성분으로서, 상기한 생활 폐플라스틱을 포함한다. 상기 생활 폐플라스틱은 재활용 폐플라스틱 30 내지 40중량부에 대하여 25 내지 35 중량부를 포함한다. 이러한 생활 폐플라스틱도 재활용 폐플라스틱과 마찬가지로 세척하고 나서 수분함량이 1.0 내지 0.05%이하로 건조한 후, 파쇄기에서 일정한 크기로 파쇄한 파쇄편이 사용된다. 생활 폐플라스틱은 이에 한정되지 않고, 파쇄편을 펠릿형태로 가공한 것도 사용될 수 있고, 다른 형태로 사용될 수 있다.As a material component of the railroad sleeper of the present invention, the aforementioned waste plastics are included. The household waste plastic includes 25 to 35 parts by weight based on 30 to 40 parts by weight of the recycled waste plastic. These household waste plastics, like recycled waste plastics, are washed and dried to a moisture content of 1.0 to 0.05% or less, and then crushed to a certain size in a crusher is used. Household waste plastics are not limited thereto, and may be used in which the crushed pieces are processed into pellets, or may be used in other forms.

필러(filler)Filler

본 발명의 철도용 침목은 주재료인 폐플라스틱을 보충하는 보충재로서 필러를 포함한다. 본 발명은 필러로서 화력발전소에서 폐기물로 배출되는 폰드 애쉬(pond ash) 또는 플라이 애쉬(fly ash), 또는 제철소에서 배출되는 제강 슬래그(steel slag)를 사용한다. 본 발명의 경우, 필러는 재활용 폐플라스틱 30 내지 40중량부에 대하여 25 내지 35 중량부를 포함한다. 필러의 양이 35중량부를 초과하면 성형시 압출장비의 스크류 등 장비를 손상시키고 강도가 지나치게 증대한다. The railroad sleeper of the present invention contains a filler as a supplement to supplement the waste plastic as a main material. The present invention uses a pond ash or fly ash discharged as waste from a thermal power plant as a filler, or steel slag discharged from a steel mill. In the case of the present invention, the filler contains 25 to 35 parts by weight based on 30 to 40 parts by weight of recycled waste plastic. If the amount of filler exceeds 35 parts by weight, it damages the equipment such as the screw of the extrusion equipment during molding, and the strength increases excessively.

본 발명은 폰드 애쉬(pond ash: 매립회) 또는 플라이 애쉬나 제강 슬래그를 필러로 사용함으로써, 산업폐기물을 재활용할 수 있어 환경오염 방지의 효과가 있고, 재료비를 절감할 수 있으며, 플라스틱제 철도용 침목으로서 요구되는 물성을 개선하고, 예컨대 길이선 열팽창계수를 감소시키고, 강성(stiffness)을 증대시킬 수 있다. The present invention uses pond ash or fly ash or steel slag as a filler, so that industrial waste can be recycled, thereby preventing environmental pollution, reducing material costs, and using plastics for railroads. It is possible to improve physical properties required as a sleeper, for example, reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of a length line, and increase stiffness.

필러로서 사용되는 폰드 애쉬 또는 제강 슬래그는 플라스틱 성형품 내에서 균일하게 분포될 수 있도록 0.15~1.18mm의 입자크기를 가지는 것이 바람직하다. Pond ash or steelmaking slag used as a filler preferably has a particle size of 0.15 to 1.18 mm so that it can be uniformly distributed in a plastic molded article.

대전방지제Antistatic agent

본 발명의 폐플라스틱 철도용 침목의 재료에는 대전방지제가 포함된다. 본 발명은 바람직하게는 에톡시화 알킬아민(ethoxylated alkylamines), 또는 지방산 에스테르(fatty acid esters)을 포함하지만, 이에 한정되지 않는다. 그리고 본 발명의 경우 대전방지제가 3 내지 5 중량부를 포함한다. The material of the waste plastic railroad sleeper of the present invention contains an antistatic agent. The present invention preferably includes, but is not limited to, ethoxylated alkylamines, or fatty acid esters. And in the case of the present invention, the antistatic agent includes 3 to 5 parts by weight.

기타 첨가제Other additives

본 발명의 폐플라스틱 철도용 침목은 위 재료 이외에 소포제를 포함한다. The waste plastic railroad sleeper of the present invention contains an antifoaming agent in addition to the above materials.

소포제는 폐플라스틱을 압출기에서 용융하는 과정에서 발생하는 가스를 제거하여 성형된 폐플라스틱 침목내에 기포 생성을 억제하는 역할을 한다. 이러한 소포제는 탄산칼슘을 사용하고, 5 내지 8 중량부를 포함한다. The antifoaming agent serves to suppress the generation of air bubbles in the molded waste plastic sleepers by removing gas generated in the process of melting the waste plastic in the extruder. This antifoaming agent uses calcium carbonate and contains 5 to 8 parts by weight.

이하, 본 발명의 폐플라스틱을 이용한 철도용 침목의 제조 방법을 도 1을 참조하여 설명한다. Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a railroad sleeper using the waste plastic of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1.

재료 준비 단계Material preparation steps

(재활용 폐플라스틱의 파쇄편)(Crushed pieces of recycled waste plastic)

수거된 폐플라스틱에서 분별된 폐폴리에틸렌(폐PE)과 폐폴리프로필렌(폐PP)을 세척하고, 세척된 폐플라스틱을 수분함량이 1.0 내지 0.05%이하로 건조한다. 건조 방법은 공지의 다양한 방법을 사용한다. 폐플라스틱의 건조과정에서 수분이 건조되지 않으면, 압출기내에서 용융할 때, 기포를 발생시키므로 충분히 건조시켜야 한다. 건조된 폐플라스틱은 파쇄기에서 일정한 크기로 파쇄하여 파쇄편으로 가공한다. Waste polyethylene (waste PE) and waste polypropylene (waste PP) separated from the collected waste plastics are washed, and the washed waste plastics are dried to a moisture content of 1.0 to 0.05% or less. The drying method uses various known methods. If moisture is not dried during the drying process of the waste plastic, when it melts in the extruder, bubbles are generated, so it must be sufficiently dried. The dried waste plastic is crushed in a crusher to a certain size and processed into crushed pieces.

(생활 폐플라스틱의 파쇄편)(Crushed pieces of waste plastic)

생활 폐플라스틱도 재활용 폐플라스틱과 마찬가지로 세척하고나서 수분함량이 1.0 내지 0.05%이하로 건조한 후, 파쇄기에서 일정한 크기로 파쇄한 파쇄편이 사용된다. 생활 폐플라스틱은 이에 한정되지 않고, 파쇄편을 펠릿형태로 가공한 것도 사용될 수 있고, 다른 형태로 사용될 수 있다.Household waste plastics, like recycled waste plastics, are washed and dried to a moisture content of 1.0 to 0.05% or less, and then crushed pieces crushed to a certain size in a crusher are used. Household waste plastics are not limited thereto, and may be used in which the crushed pieces are processed into pellets, or may be used in other forms.

(필러)(filler)

필러는, 화력발전소에서 폐기물로 배출되는 폰드 애쉬(pond ash) 또는 폰드 애쉬(pond ash), 또는 제철소에서 배출되는 제강 슬래그(steel slag)를 포함한다.The filler includes pond ash or pond ash discharged as waste from a thermal power plant, or steel slag discharged from a steel mill.

폰드 애쉬나 제강 슬래그가 플라스틱 성형품 내에서 균일하게 분포될 수 있도록 폰드 애쉬 또는 제강 슬래그를 체가름하여 0.15~1.18mm의 입자크기를 가지는 것을 사용한다. Pond ash or steelmaking slag is sieved so that the pond ash or steelmaking slag can be evenly distributed in the plastic molded product, and the particle size of 0.15~1.18mm is used.

(대전방지제)(Antistatic agent)

대전방지제로는 바람직하게는 에톡시화 알킬아민(ethoxylated alkylamines), 또는 지방산 에스테르(fatty acid esters)을 포함한다. 그러나, 본 발명은 이에 한정되지 않고 다른 종류의 대전방지제도 사용될 수 있다. Antistatic agents preferably include ethoxylated alkylamines, or fatty acid esters. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and other types of antistatic agents may be used.

(기타 첨가제)(Other additives)

본 발명의 폐플라스틱 철도용 침목은 위 재료 이외에 소포제와 같은 기타 첨가제를 포함할 수 있다. The waste plastic railroad sleeper of the present invention may contain other additives such as antifoaming agents in addition to the above materials.

소포제는 폐플라스틱을 압출기에서 용융하는 과정에서 발생하는 가스의 발생을 저감하여 성형된 폐플라스틱 침목내에 기포 생성을 억제하는 역할을 한다. The antifoaming agent serves to suppress the generation of air bubbles in the molded waste plastic sleepers by reducing the generation of gas generated in the process of melting the waste plastic in the extruder.

(재료 혼합)(Material mixing)

본 발명의 폐플라스틱 철도용 침목은, 위 재료들을 혼합한 혼합재료를 사용하여 성형된다: The waste plastic railroad sleeper of the present invention is molded using a mixture of the above materials:

- 폐폴리프로필렌과 폐폴리에틸렌을 혼합한 재활용 폐플라스틱 30 내지 40 중량부; -30 to 40 parts by weight of recycled waste plastic obtained by mixing waste polypropylene and waste polyethylene;

- 생활 폐플라스틱 25 내지 35 중량부; -25 to 35 parts by weight of household waste plastics;

- 폰드 애쉬 또는 제강 슬래그 25 내지 35 중량부, -25 to 35 parts by weight of pond ash or steelmaking slag,

- 대전방지제 3 내지 5 중량부, -3 to 5 parts by weight of an antistatic agent,

- 소포제 5 내지 8중량부. -5 to 8 parts by weight of antifoam.

상기한 혼합재료를 사용하여 다음의 과정을 거쳐 철도용 침목을 제조한다. Using the above mixed materials, a railroad sleeper is manufactured through the following process.

1차 압출 단계1st extrusion step

상기 혼합 재료를 제1 압출기에 투입한 후, 180 내지 220℃로 가열하여 용융시킨 다음 제1 압출기의 출구를 통하여 압출한다. The mixed material is introduced into the first extruder, heated to 180 to 220°C, and melted, and then extruded through the outlet of the first extruder.

이 때, 제1 압출기 내에서 폐플라스틱의 용융과정에서 발생하는 가스는 제1 압출기의 측벽에 구비된 벤팅 홀을 통하여 외부로 배기하고, 상기 벤팅 홀을 통하여 배기되지 않고 용융 수지 내에 잔존하는 잔류 가스는, 제1 압출기의 출구를 통하여 배출되는 압출 수지를 제1 압출기의 출구 선단에 설치된 망체 또는 쇄절 커터를 통과시키면서, 압출 수지를 압출방향을 따라 여러 조각으로 쇄절하여, 압출 수지 내부에 잔존하는 기포를 제거한다. At this time, the gas generated during the melting process of the waste plastic in the first extruder is exhausted to the outside through a venting hole provided in the sidewall of the first extruder, and the residual gas remaining in the molten resin is not exhausted through the venting hole. Is, while passing the extruded resin discharged through the outlet of the first extruder through a mesh or shredding cutter installed at the outlet end of the first extruder, the extruded resin is shredded into several pieces along the extrusion direction, thereby remaining bubbles inside the extruded resin. Remove.

나. 2차 압출 단계I. 2nd extrusion step

1차 압출기에서 1차 압출된 압출 수지를 2차 압출기로 투입하여, 150 내지 210℃로 가열하면서, 이와 동시에 로내에서 일정한 온도로 예열된 후 이동하여 작업위치에 도달하는 성형 몰드 캐비티로, 2차 압출한다. The extruded resin first extruded from the first extruder is introduced into the second extruder and heated to 150 to 210°C. At the same time, it is preheated to a constant temperature in the furnace and then moved to the molding mold cavity to reach the working position. Extrude.

1차 압출기에서 2차 압출기로의 압출 과정이 연속적으로 진행되고, 동시에 2차 압출기에서 성형 몰드 내로 2차 압출도 연속적으로 진행되도록, 2차 압출기의 압출속도(단위 시간당 압출량)이 1차 압출기에서의 압출속도(단위 시간 당 압출량)보다 상대적으로 빠르고, 2차 압출과정이 연속되도록 다수의 성형 몰드를 예열용 로에서 2차 압출기에 의한 2차 압출의 위치로 컨베이어 등과 같은 이송수단에 의해 간헐, 연속적으로 이동한다. The extrusion speed (extrusion amount per unit time) of the second extruder is the first extruder so that the extrusion process from the first extruder to the second extruder proceeds continuously and the second extrusion from the second extruder into the molding mold is also continuously proceeded. Relatively faster than the extrusion speed at (extrusion amount per unit time), multiple molding molds are moved from the preheating furnace to the position of the secondary extrusion by the secondary extruder so that the secondary extrusion process is continued. It moves intermittently and continuously.

다. 몰드 성형 - 성형품 냉각 및 취출 단계All. Mold molding-cooling and ejection step

성형 몰드에 2차 압출된 수지가 충전완료되면, 성형 몰드의 입구를 닫아 폐형한 후, 일정한 온도로 유지된 챔버로 이동하여 챔버내에서 서냉하여 경화시킨다. 성형이 완료되면, 성형 몰드에서 성형된 침목을 취출한다. 성형이 완료된 본 발명의 철도용 침목은 도 2에 도시되어 있다. When the secondary extruded resin is filled into the molding mold, the inlet of the molding mold is closed and molded, and then moved to a chamber maintained at a constant temperature and slowly cooled in the chamber to harden. When the molding is completed, the molded sleeper is taken out from the molding mold. The molded railway sleeper of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2.

폐폴리프로필렌과 폐폴리에틸렌을 혼합한 재활용 폐플라스틱 35 중량부; 생활 폐플라스틱 30 중량부; 폰드 애쉬 30 중량부; 대전방지제 5 중량부; 및 소포제 5 중량부;를 혼합한 혼합 재료를 위 제조방법에 따라 시편을 제조하고, 그 시편의 물성을 플라스틱 철도용 침목의 ISO기준(ISO 12856-1)에 따른 기준 값과 비교하여 아래 표1에 나타내었다. 35 parts by weight of recycled waste plastic obtained by mixing waste polypropylene and waste polyethylene; 30 parts by weight of household waste plastic; 30 parts by weight of pond ash; 5 parts by weight of an antistatic agent; And 5 parts by weight of an antifoam; to prepare a specimen according to the above manufacturing method, and compare the physical properties of the specimen with the standard value according to the ISO standard (ISO 12856-1) of the plastic railroad ties, Table 1 below Shown in.

항목 구분Item classification 시험 방법Test Methods 기준 값Reference value 실시예1의 측정값Measurement value of Example 1 굴곡최대하중Bending load KSF3230KSF3230 3,400N 이상 3,400N or more 50,355N 이상50,355N or more 길이선 열팽창계수Length line thermal expansion coefficient ISO12856-1 형식CISO12856-1 Form C 1.35×10-4이하1.35×10 -4 or less 1.0×10-5 1.0×10 -5 나사못 유지력Screw retention KSF3230KSF3230 780N이상780N or more 872N872N 내전압시험Withstand voltage test KSC8455KSC8455 교류10,000V/1mAC10,000V/1m 이상 없음nothing strange 굴곡크리프변형Flexural Creep Deformation KSF3230KSF3230 0.25%이하0.25% or less 0.14%0.14% 저온충격시험Low temperature impact test KSC8455KSC8455 -30℃ 깨짐이 없을 것-30℃ No break 이상 없음nothing strange

결과result

실시예 1의 항목들의 측정값들은 ISO 12856-1에 정한 기준을 충족하였다. The measured values of the items of Example 1 met the criteria set forth in ISO 12856-1.

재활용 폐플라스틱, 생활 폐플라스틱, 폰드 애쉬 또는 제강 슬래그, 대전방지제의 배합 비율을 변화시킨 각 예의 재료 배합 비율을 아래 표 2에 나타내었다. 그리고, 각각의 예의 인장강도와 파단시 스트레인 및 모듈러스를 측정하여 아래 표 3에 나타내었다. Table 2 below shows the material mixing ratio of each example in which the mixing ratio of recycled waste plastic, household waste plastic, pond ash or steelmaking slag, and antistatic agent is changed. In addition, the tensile strength and strain and modulus at break of each example were measured and shown in Table 3 below.

구분division 재료material 함량(중량부)Content (parts by weight) 실시예 1Example 1 재활용 폐플라스틱Recycled waste plastic 4040 생활 폐플라스틱Waste plastic 3030 제강 슬래그Steel slag 3030 비교예 1Comparative Example 1 재활용 폐플라스틱Recycled waste plastic 6060 생활 폐플라스틱Waste plastic 3030 폰드 애쉬Pond ash 1010 비교예 2Comparative Example 2 재활용 폐플라스틱Recycled waste plastic 6060 생활 폐플라스틱Waste plastic 3535 폰드 애쉬Pond ash 55 비교예 3Comparative Example 3 재활용 폐플라스틱Recycled waste plastic 6060 생활 폐플라스틱Waste plastic 2020 폰드 애쉬Pond ash 1515 대전방지제Antistatic agent 55

구분division 최대 인장강도 (MPa)Tensile strength (MPa) 파단시 스트레인 (%)Strain at break (%) 모듈러스 (MPa)Modulus (MPa) 실시예 1Example 1 18.2 ~19.318.2 ~19.3 6.37~7.426.37~7.42 1020~11131020~1113 비교예 1Comparative Example 1 15.615.6 5.535.53 793793 비교예 2Comparative Example 2 16.416.4 4.114.11 898898 비교예 3Comparative Example 3 14.914.9 2.232.23 12501250

결과result

재료의 배합 비율을 달리한 각 예의 인장시험 결과, 실시예 1의 최대 인장강도, 파단시 스트레인이 가장 우수하였고 모듈러스 값도 상대적으로 우수하였다. As a result of the tensile test of each example in which the mixing ratio of materials was different, the maximum tensile strength and strain at break of Example 1 were the best, and the modulus value was also relatively excellent.

Claims (6)

폐플라스틱을 이용한 철도용 침목으로서,
폐플라스틱에서 분별한 폐폴리프로필렌과 폐폴리에틸렌을 혼합한 재활용 폐플라스틱 30 내지 40 중량부;
PE, PP, PVC, PET을 포함하는 폐플라스틱들 종류별로 분별되지 않고 혼합된 생활 폐플라스틱 25 내지 35 중량부;
0.15~1.18mm의 입자크기를 가지는 폰드 애쉬 25 내지 30 중량부;
에톡시화 알킬아민(ethoxylated alkylamines) 또는 지방산 에스테르(fatty acid esters)를 포함한 대전방지제 3 내지 5 중량부; 및
탄산칼슘으로 이루어진 소포제 5 내지 8중량부;를 혼합한 혼합 재료를 180 내지 220℃로 용융하여 압출기로 압출하여 성형되고,
3,400N 내지 50,355N의 최대굴곡하중, 1.0×10-5의 길이선 열팽창계수, 872N의 나사못 유지력, 0.14%의 굴곡크리프 변형, 18.2 내지 19.3MPa의 최대 인장강도와, 6.37~7.42 %의 파단시 스트레인과, 1020~1113MPa의 모듈러스를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 폐플라스틱을 이용한 철도용 침목.
As a railroad sleeper using waste plastic,
30 to 40 parts by weight of recycled waste plastic obtained by mixing waste polypropylene and waste polyethylene separated from waste plastic;
25 to 35 parts by weight of household waste plastics mixed without being classified according to types of waste plastics including PE, PP, PVC, and PET;
25 to 30 parts by weight of pond ash having a particle size of 0.15 to 1.18 mm;
3 to 5 parts by weight of an antistatic agent including ethoxylated alkylamines or fatty acid esters; And
A mixture of 5 to 8 parts by weight of a defoaming agent made of calcium carbonate is melted at 180 to 220° C. and then extruded with an extruder to be molded,
Maximum bending load of 3,400N to 50,355N, coefficient of thermal expansion of the length line of 1.0×10 -5 , screw holding force of 872N, bending creep deformation of 0.14%, maximum tensile strength of 18.2 to 19.3 MPa, and breaking of 6.37 to 7.42% A railroad sleeper using waste plastic, characterized in that it has a strain and a modulus of 1020 to 1113 MPa.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102236370B1 (en) 2020-10-20 2021-04-05 석정건설(주) Sleeper for ballastless open deck railway bridge
KR102370383B1 (en) * 2020-11-19 2022-03-04 (주)지주 Plastic Sleeper for rail road having core rods therein, apparatus and method of manufacturing thereof
CN114262209A (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-04-01 佛山欧神诺陶瓷有限公司 Light anti-static ceramic tile and preparation method thereof
WO2022097847A1 (en) 2020-11-09 2022-05-12 주식회사 카리스 Railroad wood tie containing plastic waste

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KR20030070569A (en) * 2003-08-02 2003-08-30 임청산 A manufacturing process of the railroad sleeper make use of waste materials
KR20060002318A (en) * 2004-07-01 2006-01-09 홍순롱 Railroad tie matter using for used-complex resin
JP2006117768A (en) * 2004-10-20 2006-05-11 Toray Ind Inc Resin composition and molded article comprising the same
KR101424683B1 (en) 2013-04-24 2014-08-01 케이피엑스케미칼 주식회사 Composition for synthetic resin sleeper and preparation method thereof

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KR20030070569A (en) * 2003-08-02 2003-08-30 임청산 A manufacturing process of the railroad sleeper make use of waste materials
KR20060002318A (en) * 2004-07-01 2006-01-09 홍순롱 Railroad tie matter using for used-complex resin
JP2006117768A (en) * 2004-10-20 2006-05-11 Toray Ind Inc Resin composition and molded article comprising the same
KR101424683B1 (en) 2013-04-24 2014-08-01 케이피엑스케미칼 주식회사 Composition for synthetic resin sleeper and preparation method thereof

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그러나, 기존의 목재 침목이나 PC 침목을 대체할 폐플라스틱을 이용한 철도용 침목의 기준 규격이 마련되어 있지 않는 실정이다.

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102236370B1 (en) 2020-10-20 2021-04-05 석정건설(주) Sleeper for ballastless open deck railway bridge
WO2022097847A1 (en) 2020-11-09 2022-05-12 주식회사 카리스 Railroad wood tie containing plastic waste
KR102370383B1 (en) * 2020-11-19 2022-03-04 (주)지주 Plastic Sleeper for rail road having core rods therein, apparatus and method of manufacturing thereof
CN114262209A (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-04-01 佛山欧神诺陶瓷有限公司 Light anti-static ceramic tile and preparation method thereof

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