KR101739941B1 - Control method of spot welder and recording medium for storing program thereof - Google Patents
Control method of spot welder and recording medium for storing program thereof Download PDFInfo
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- KR101739941B1 KR101739941B1 KR1020150099954A KR20150099954A KR101739941B1 KR 101739941 B1 KR101739941 B1 KR 101739941B1 KR 1020150099954 A KR1020150099954 A KR 1020150099954A KR 20150099954 A KR20150099954 A KR 20150099954A KR 101739941 B1 KR101739941 B1 KR 101739941B1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
- B23K11/25—Monitoring devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
- B23K11/25—Monitoring devices
- B23K11/252—Monitoring devices using digital means
- B23K11/257—Monitoring devices using digital means the measured parameter being an electrical current
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/36—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/36—Auxiliary equipment
- B23K11/362—Contact means for supplying welding current to the electrodes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Welding (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a control method of a spot welder capable of minimizing an unnecessary amount of heat and preventing welding defects due to unnecessary heat and damage of a welding material and a recording medium on which the program is stored. Applying the current gradually increasing; Detecting a peak copper resistance (R peak ) of the weld material while applying the current gradually increasing; Reducing the current applied to the welding material for a predetermined period of time after recovering the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ); And applying a gradually decreasing current to the weld after the recovering step.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a spot welding technique, and more particularly, to a control method of a spot welder and a recording medium on which the program is stored.
Generally, spot welding is a welding method belonging to electric resistance welding, and refers to a method of welding while applying pressure using heat generated when a current flows through the metal.
Spot welding is a process in which two metals to be bonded are put together and current is applied while applying appropriate mechanical pressure, and heat of resistance is generated, thereby utilizing the property of bonding the pressure parts. Such spot welding is a very common welding method for assembling a car body.
An apparatus for resistance spot welding includes a fixed lower electrode and an upper electrode that moves up and down on the lower electrode. Therefore, the welding material is seated on the lower electrode, and welding is performed by movement of the upper electrode.
However, such conventional spot welding has a problem that the welding result is uneven due to various factors such as the surface condition of the joint portion, the position of the welding spot, the number of the spotting points, etc., and the welding defect and the welding material are damaged due to the unnecessary heat.
Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem [8] Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a control method of a spot welder capable of minimizing an unnecessary heat quantity and preventing welding defects due to unnecessary heat, And to provide a recorded recording medium. However, these problems are exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling a spot welder, the method comprising: applying a current to the welding material while gradually increasing current through at least one electrode; Detecting a peak copper resistance (R peak ) of the weld material while applying the current gradually increasing; Reducing the current applied to the welding material for a predetermined period of time after recovering the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ); And applying a gradually decreasing current to the weld after the recovering step.
The method may further include the step of applying a current having a magnitude set in the welding material constantly for a predetermined time before the step of gradually increasing and applying the current.
The step of reducing and recovering the current applied to the welding material for a predetermined time may include turning off the current applied to the welding material for the set time.
The step of reducing and recovering the current applied to the welding material for a predetermined period of time may make the current applied to the welding material correspond to 100% of the preset reference current at the completion of the recovery. In this case, the time from when the current is applied to start the welding to when the peak resistance (R peak ) appears may be more than 30 ms.
Or reducing the current applied to the welding material for a predetermined period of time may allow the current applied to the welding material to have a value smaller than a preset reference current at the completion of the recovery. In this case, the time from when the current is applied to start the welding to when the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) appears may be 30 ms or less.
Wherein the set time is 1ms to 10ms when the detection time of the peak copper resistance (R peak ) is 30m or less, and the peak copper resistance R peak ) may be 10 ms to 20 ms when the detection time exceeds 30 ms.
The step of detecting the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) comprises: measuring the resistance of the weld material n times at intervals of t 1 ; And detecting the maximum resistance among the measurement resistances of the weld material as the peak copper resistance (R peak ).
The step of detecting the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) comprises: measuring the resistance of the weld material n times at intervals of t 1 ; It may include a; and the detection of the peak the same resistance (R peak), comprising: a resistance material the weld measurement repeated n times a period of t 1 on the basis of the n x-th from the n x-th of the n times, .
The step of repeatedly measuring the resistance of the weld material may be repeatedly performed a predetermined number of times, such that when a new peak dynamic resistance is detected, it is updated to the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ).
The step of detecting the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) may be performed within a maximum allowable resistance or within a maximum allowable current applied to the weld material.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a recording medium on which a program for performing the control method of the spot welder described above is stored.
According to the embodiment of the present invention as described above, it is possible to minimize unnecessary heat, prevent welding defects due to unnecessary heat and damage of the welding material, increase the lower limit of the current with the required tensile strength, It is possible to have a wide region of the welding region, to make the welding region favorable to a nugget having a desired size, and to prevent the welding at the time of welding. Of course, the scope of the present invention is not limited by these effects.
1 is a flowchart showing a control method of a spot welder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a welding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 to 5 are graphs showing a hysteresis curve of an applied current with respect to time according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 and 7 are flow charts showing steps of measuring peak copper resistance in a method of controlling a spot welder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a graph showing current, voltage, and dynamic resistance waveforms according to an example of a method of controlling a spot welder according to the present invention.
9 is a photograph of a welded fracture section of a specimen welded by the method of controlling the spot welder according to the embodiments of the present invention.
Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in order to more fully explain the present invention to those skilled in the art, and the following embodiments may be modified into various other forms, The present invention is not limited to the embodiment. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be more thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the thickness and size of each layer are exaggerated for convenience and clarity of explanation.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings schematically showing ideal embodiments of the present invention. In the figures, for example, variations in the shape shown may be expected, depending on manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of the regions shown herein, but should include, for example, changes in shape resulting from manufacturing.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of controlling a spot welder according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating a welding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 3 to 5 are graphs showing the history of the applied current over time to explain the method of controlling the spot welder according to the embodiments of the present invention. FIG.
1 to 5, a method of controlling a spot welder according to an embodiment of the present invention includes steps of applying a current to a welding material while increasing current, detecting a peak resistance (R peak ) (S14). After detecting the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ), a step S15 of reducing and recovering the current applied to the welding material for a predetermined period of time and a step S16 of applying the welding material while decreasing the current are performed .
Before the step S13 of applying the welding material while increasing the current, step S11 of preparing the welding material and step S12 of applying the current constantly may be performed.
According to the step S11 of preparing the welding material, at least one
When the welding material (10) is prepared, a current is applied to the welding material (10) through the electrode (20). In the conventional general spot welding method, a current having a specific value is constantly applied during the welding time, but the current is applied in various stages during the welding.
3 to 5, at the initial stage of welding, a predetermined amount of the reference current, for example, a current corresponding to about 80% of the reference current 8 kA, is constantly applied to the
In the present specification and claims, the reference current means a predetermined current so as to be a reference of the fraction of the current applied to the weld material. For example, if the reference current is 8 kA, the current set at 80% of the reference current means 6.4 kA. The reference current may refer to a DC current that is constantly applied during a conventional welding process in a conventional spot welding process. For example, FIG. 3 shows a pattern (a normal DC current pattern) in which a reference current is constantly applied during a welding time as a conventional general method of viscous connection.
In the predetermined maintenance phase of the current (S12) may be detected at least the same resistance (R min), at least the same resistance (R min) is a predetermined time interval (t 2), for example, copper for the
The time interval t 2 for measuring the minimum dynamic resistance R min in this embodiment is set different from the time interval t 1 for measuring the peak dynamic resistance R peak , The time intervals may be set to be the same. The time from the application of the current through the
The application of the electric current to the
The current is constantly applied to the
The peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) of the
The step S14 of detecting the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) can be performed within the maximum allowable resistance or within the maximum allowable current applied to the
After detecting the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ), the current applied to the
The step of reducing and recovering this current includes the step of maintaining the current applied to the
At this time, the current i low applied during the set time t r , that is, the dwell time t r , can be kept constant as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. However, the low current (i low ) does not have to be constant and may have various forms ranging from a low level to a start current (i upmax ) during a rest time (t r ).
As another example, the step of reducing and restoring the current as shown in FIG. 5 may be a step of turning off the current applied to the
The effect of cooling the welding material for a short time is generated by keeping the current value lowered to the low value during the resting time (t r , t off ), or turning off the current and then recovering it again. If the amount of current applied to the welding material is excessive, the amount of heat input to the welding eventually increases, and the quality of the welding may be reduced due to the generation of spatter due to the excessive amount of heat input. In the present invention, in order to prevent an excessive amount of heat input after detection of the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ), a current value injected for a short period of time may be reduced to achieve a welding material cooling effect according to a reduction of a heat input amount.
The current at the completion of the recovery (hereinafter referred to as recovery current, i dn1 ) may have the same or lower value compared to the reference current. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the recovery current (i dn1 ) may have a value corresponding to 100% of the reference current. As another example, the recovery current i dn1 may have a value corresponding to 80% of the reference current, as shown in Fig.
The level of this recovery current (i dn1 ) can be controlled in conjunction with the detection time of the peak copper resistance (R peak ). As shown in FIG. 4, peak copper resistance (R peak) detection time (t p), i.e. (R peak) peaks such resistance from the applied time of the electric current to the welding start is less than the time the time until a predetermined time shown in, For example, when the peak is less than 30 ms, the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) is detected in a relatively short time after welding, which corresponds to a case where the input heat amount is high at the beginning of welding. In this case, problems such as generation of spatter due to excessive heat input in the process subsequent to the initial welding process due to the amount of heat accumulated in the welding material may occur. In this case, the recovery current (i dn1 ) is recovered to a value smaller than the reference current, for example, 80% of the reference current, and then the operation is performed to control the amount of heat input as a whole have. As another example, the peak dynamic resistance (R peak) detection time (t p) is a predetermined time-out, as an example, when 30ms excess is returned to be equal to 100% of the relative to the recovery current (i dn1) the current value of .
The dwell time (t r , t off ) may be from 1 to 20 ms, and may be, for example, 5 ms. If the downtime (t off ) is less than 1 ms, the cooling effect is insignificant. If the downtime (t off ) is more than 20 ms, the welding may not proceed effectively due to excessive cooling. On the other hand, this dwell time can be controlled in conjunction with the detection time of the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ). As shown in FIG. 3, the dwell time when the detection time t p of the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) is equal to or less than the predetermined time may be the same or smaller than that when the detection time t p is greater than 30 ms. For example, when the detection time t p of the peak resistance R peak is 30 ms or less, the dwell time may be in the range of 1 ms to 10 ms, and in the case of 30 ms or more, it may be in the range of 10 ms to 20 ms. This means that the recovery current value can be set to be smaller than the reference current when the detection time t p of the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) is equal to or shorter than the predetermined time, and the amount of heat that can be generated in this case is compensated for It is necessary to shorten the downtime (i.e., the time during which the cooling takes place). On the other hand, when the detection time (t p ) of the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) is longer than a predetermined time, the problem caused by the relatively initial input heat amount is reduced, and thus the dwell time can be relatively increased.
After the lapse of the resting time (t r , t off ), the
The peak copper resistance (R peak) detecting, as shown in Figure 6 (S14; FIG. 1) is a step of measuring n times a period of a resistor t 1 of a concrete example, the weld material 10 ( And a step S22 of detecting the maximum resistance among the measurement resistances of the
The peak copper resistance (R peak) detecting, as shown in FIG 7 (S14; shown in Fig. 1) As another example, the
The control method of the spot welder according to the embodiments of the present invention can be written in a computer program. The code and code segments that make up this computer program can be easily inferred by a computer programmer in the field. Also, the computer program may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium, read and executed by a computer, and implemented or implemented in a control method of the spot welder.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing current, voltage and dynamic resistance waveforms according to an example of a method of controlling a spot welder according to the present invention. When the control variables are as shown in Table 1 below, And the change in dynamic resistance.
Table 2 shows the tensile test results of the welded material welded by the control method of the spot welder according to the embodiment of the present invention. The welding was performed by using the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet SGAFC1180Y (thickness 1.2 mm) and SGACEN (thickness 1.1 mm) And the tensile strength (unit: kN) at the welded portion. The total welding time was 200ms, 250ms, and 300ms, and the reference current varied from 7kA to 12kA for each welding time. In all the conditions tested, the fracture of the weld zone showed a button fracture indicating good weld characteristics.
(ms)
Table 3 shows the results of the continuous ROT test under the conditions of a reference current of 11 kA and a welding time of 250 ms using SGAFC1180Y (thickness 1.2 mm) and SGACEN (thickness 1.1 mm). According to the present invention, it is understood that the present invention does not cause warpage to 500 RBs, all of the button ruptures occur, and the decrease in tensile strength does not occur much.
(kN)
Table 4 shows the result of the tensile test by the method of controlling the spot welder according to the embodiment of the present invention. As a result of spot welding using SGAFC1180Y (thickness 1.2 mm) and SGAFC590DP (thickness 0.9 mm) Tensile strength (unit: kN). The total welding time was 200ms, 250ms, and 300ms, and the reference current was changed from 6kA to 10kA for each welding time. The failure of the weld zone in all the tested conditions indicated the button failure.
(ms)
Table 5 shows the results of the continuous ROT test under conditions of a reference current of 8 kA and a welding time of 250 ms using SGAFC1180Y (thickness 1.2 mm) and SGAFC590DP (thickness 0.9 mm). According to the present invention, it can be seen that the present invention does not cause warping to 1000 RBs, all of the button ruptures occur, and the tensile strength deterioration does not appear much.
(kN)
(kN)
Table 6 shows the result of the tensile test by the method of controlling the spot welder according to the embodiment of the present invention. As a result of spot welding using SGAFC1180Y (thickness 1.2 mm) and SGAFC590 (thickness 0.9 mm) Tensile strength (unit: kN). The total welding time was 200ms, 250ms and 300ms, and the reference current was changed from 6kA to 10kA by welding time. In all the conditions tested, the fracture of the weld zone showed button fracture.
(ms)
Table 7 and Table 8 show the result of tensile test by the method of controlling the spot welder according to the embodiment of the present invention. As a result, the welded part was spot welded using SPRC440 (thickness: 1.0 mm) It is investigated.
Table 7 shows the cases where the peak detection time (R peak ) is less than 30ms, and the recovery current recovered at the end of the rest period was 80% of the reference current. Also, during the rest period, the current value applied to the welding material was 0% of the reference current (that is, the current was off), 30%, 50%, and 70%. The reference current was 9 kA. When the current was off, the dwell time was 5 ms, and in the remaining cases, the dwell time was 15 ms.
Table 8 shows that the peak detection time (R peak ) exceeded 30ms and that the recovery current was 100% of the reference current, as compared with Table 7.
FIG. 9 shows the result of observing the fracture surface of the welded portion according to the above conditions.
As shown in Table 7, Table 8 and FIG. 9, button breakage was observed at the welds under all conditions, and it was found that the characteristics of the welded portions were very good according to the embodiment of the present invention.
(Current holding time)
(% Relative to the reference current)
(Current holding time)
(% Relative to the reference current)
While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims.
10: welding material 20: electrode
30: power supply control unit 40:
Claims (13)
Detecting a peak copper resistance (R peak ) of the weld material while applying the current gradually increasing;
A current sustaining step of applying the current while continuously increasing the peak dynamic resistance Rpeak;
Reducing the current applied to the weld material for a predetermined period of time after the current sustain step;
Applying gradually decreasing current to the weld after the recovering step;
Wherein the method comprises the steps of:
Further comprising the step of applying a current of a magnitude set to the welding material constantly for a predetermined period of time prior to the step of gradually increasing and applying the current.
Wherein the step of reducing and recovering the current applied to the weld material for a predetermined period of time comprises turning off the current applied to the weld material during the set time.
Wherein the step of reducing and recovering the current applied to the welding material for a predetermined time period comprises the step of controlling the welding current to be applied to the welding material at a point of time when the recovery is completed at a time corresponding to 100% .
Wherein the step of reducing and recovering the current applied to the welding material for a predetermined period of time has a value smaller than a predetermined reference current when the recovery is completed.
Wherein the time from when the electric current is applied to start the welding to when the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) appears is 30ms or less.
Wherein the time from when the electric current is applied to start the welding to when the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) appears exceeds 30 ms.
The set time,
1 ms to 10 ms when the detection time of the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) is 30 m or less,
And when the detection time of the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ) is more than 30ms, it is 10ms to 20ms.
The step of detecting the peak dynamic resistance (R peak )
Measuring the resistance of the weld material n times at intervals of t 1 ; And
Detecting a maximum resistance among the measurement resistances of the weld material as the peak copper resistance (R peak );
Wherein the method comprises the steps of:
The step of detecting the peak dynamic resistance (R peak )
Measuring the resistance of the weld material n times at intervals of t 1 ; And
When detecting the peak copper resistance (R peak) in a n x n-th of the time, comprising: a resistance measuring the weld material repeat n times the period t 1 on the basis of the n-th x;
Wherein the method comprises the steps of:
The step of repeatedly measuring the resistance of the weld material comprises:
And when a new peak dynamic resistance is detected, updating it to the peak dynamic resistance (R peak ), and repeating it a predetermined number of times.
The step of detecting the peak dynamic resistance (R peak )
Wherein the measurement resistance of the weld material is performed within a maximum allowable resistance or within a maximum allowable current applied to the weld material.
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