KR101712817B1 - Electric Energy Generating Device - Google Patents
Electric Energy Generating Device Download PDFInfo
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- KR101712817B1 KR101712817B1 KR1020150101215A KR20150101215A KR101712817B1 KR 101712817 B1 KR101712817 B1 KR 101712817B1 KR 1020150101215 A KR1020150101215 A KR 1020150101215A KR 20150101215 A KR20150101215 A KR 20150101215A KR 101712817 B1 KR101712817 B1 KR 101712817B1
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- elastic body
- piezoelectric
- displacement
- force
- piezoelectric body
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/183—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using impacting bodies
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- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
According to the present invention, there is provided a piezoelectric device comprising: a piezoelectric body having at least two surfaces; And an elastic body which is located on at least one surface of the piezoelectric body and transmits a displacement to the piezoelectric body. When an external force is applied to the elastic body to cause the elastic body to be pressed in one direction, the elastic body presses the piezoelectric body There is provided an electric energy generating device in which a given force changes in the form of a vibration repeatedly increasing and decreasing, and a vibrating displacement is transmitted to the piezoelectric body. The device according to the present invention can generate much more electric energy than conventional ones by converting a low frequency force applied to a piezoelectric body into a high frequency through a simple principle.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE
Acquisition of electrical energy can be done in a variety of ways. Existing electric production methods include conventional thermal power generation and nuclear power generation. Examples of electric power generation methods in the renewable energy field include wind power, hydroelectric power, tidal power, geothermal power, solar heat, and solar power generation . This type of development is mostly large-scale and electricity can be used in everyday life by supplying electricity through an electrical grid.
On the other hand, some of the various electronic devices used in daily life are configured to use electric energy through a battery. However, since the substances required for battery production are harmful to the human body, it causes many problems in the production and disposal of the battery, and the operation of charging the battery or replacing the battery after the discharge of the battery even during use of the battery is relatively cumbersome have.
Considering the problems of the prior art as described above, energy harvesting has recently been recognized as a very important technology field, and active research is underway. In particular, the use of electronic devices in the mobile environment is an important part of everyday life. Therefore, the technology of harvesting and converting mechanical energy into electric energy is an effective means of converting energy / Structure and so on. Particularly, there is a need to overcome the restriction of the electronic device structure according to the battery volume, and to solve the charging problem of the discharged battery and the replacement problem of the battery to be discarded by other methods.
(1) coil / magnet based electromagnetic induction generation, (2) electrostatic generation using variable capacitors, and (3) piezoelectric power generation. (1) is very widely used as in the case of general motors and turbines, but it is difficult to make the size / weight of the system small, and the method of (2) The design must be done with the circuit to pass through. (3) In the case of power generation using piezoelectric materials, the mechanical force is applied to the piezoelectric material to induce the deformation of the size, and the deformation of the piezoelectric material produces electricity. . This study has been actively researched.
Specifically, the piezoelectric material is a material that generates electricity when its size is deformed by an external force. Particularly, due to the characteristics of piezoelectricity, large-scale deformation of a material must occur rapidly, frequently, and frequently to produce a large amount of electricity. For this reason, a piezoelectric power generator of a cantilever structure has been mainly used in an environment where mechanical vibrations are generally high.
However, in the case of a cantilever-type piezoelectric generator, it can be operated efficiently by generating a large and fast displacement only when the peripheral mechanical vibration is similar to the resonance frequency of the cantilever, and when the frequency is not appropriate, There is a difficulty. Further, there is a problem in that a large amount of electricity can not be generated by a general cantilever type piezoelectric generator in the case where the acting force is large enough but exhibits a low frequency, for example, in the case of a person's walking or one-time button pressing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a device capable of generating more electric energy by pressing a piezoelectric body.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric energy generating device capable of converting a low-frequency force into a high frequency and operating the piezoelectric device.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method which, when a pressing force is applied for a predetermined time, such as a shoe bottom pressing by a person's body weight during a walk, is converted into a high frequency,
According to the present invention,
A piezoelectric body having at least two surfaces; And
And an elastic body which is located on at least one surface of the surface of the piezoelectric body and transmits a displacement to the piezoelectric body,
Wherein the elastic body changes in the form of a vibration repeatedly increasing and decreasing the force applied to the elastic body when the external force is applied and the elastic body is deformed in one direction to cause a vibration displacement in the piezoelectric body, Is provided.
The elastic body preferably includes N unit elastic bodies (where N is 2 or more), and the vibration frequency may be N times or less.
In addition, the unit elastic body may be laminated such that the displacement of each unit elastic body causes displacement of the unit elastic body.
In addition, the unit elastic body is related to an instantaneous spring constant k defined as k = F / x when the displacement of the unit elastic body by the force F applied by the urging means is x,
When the displacements x 1 , x 2 and x 3 are x 1 < x 2 < x 3
When the
When the displacement x 1 <x <x 2 time the spring constant k 2, and
When the displacement x 2 <x <x 3 , the instantaneous spring constant k 3 is
k 1 > 0, k 2 & lt ; 0, and k 3 > 0.
In addition, the other surface of the piezoelectric body corresponding to the surface on which the elastic body is disposed is provided with a space capable of accommodating the displacement of the piezoelectric body,
And a protrusion capable of selectively causing a twisting motion of the piezoelectric body between the space or the piezoelectric body and the elastic body.
Further, it may further comprise a pressing means for transmitting a force to the elastic body,
The piezoelectric body may be formed of a piezoelectric material layer having a first electrode provided on the first surface and a second electrode provided on the second surface.
According to a preferred embodiment, the unit elastic body is a snap dome having an upper surface and a lower surface, and the snap dams may be stacked such that their upper surfaces are in contact with each other and their lower surfaces are in contact with each other.
According to the present invention, the problem of the prior art that only a small amount of electric energy can be obtained due to a low frequency even if a mechanical force is directly applied to the piezoelectric body is solved by the present invention. That is, when a force is applied in the same manner as a pressing operation of a button by a person, in the present invention, a new structure that can generate much more electric energy than a conventional one by converting a low frequency power applied to a piezoelectric body into a high frequency So that sufficient electric energy can be obtained.
This can be used to power a sensor node of a recently increased interest in a wireless sensor network or Internet of Things (IoT). Or a footwear or insole that produces electricity while walking, can be used directly as a power source for driving a smart shoe or a smart insole, or temporarily stored in a battery. In this case, it is possible to replace the existing battery or replace the wired / wireless charging type power supply. In addition, when applied to military service, it is expected that soldiers will be able to charge or supply the electric energy required by walking alone.
1 is a graph schematically showing a relationship between a displacement of a unit elastic body and a force applied to the elastic body.
2 is a photograph showing an example of a snap dome.
Fig. 3 schematically shows a snap dome cross-sectional shape in which deformation occurs when a pressing force is applied.
4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the shape of the snap dome stack.
5 is a force-strain graph that appears when the snap dome stack is pressed.
6 schematically shows a configuration of an electric energy generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 schematically shows a method of measuring the power production of a snap dome stack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8 illustrates an actual fabrication process of a snap dome stack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 9A and 9B show operation test procedures of a piezoelectric generator constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 shows a result of a pressing experiment according to the number of snap dome of the snap dome stack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
11 is a graph illustrating a form of energy generated by a piezoelectric generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments of the present invention shown in the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments, but includes all modifications, equivalents, or alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Because of the nature of piezoelectric materials, the electrical energy conversion efficiency of mechanical energy is high only at high frequency (usually 100 Hz or more) and its efficiency drops sharply at low frequencies (usually 1 Hz or less). In our daily life, energy harvesting technology development is very important because there are various powers of low frequency. That is, the technique of converting the low frequency power to the high frequency to apply the pressure to the piezoelectric material is the most important part in the development of the piezoelectric power generator.
In order to solve such a problem, that is, the problem of deterioration of the efficiency of the piezoelectric generator with respect to the low-frequency power, the invention has been developed to repeatedly stack elements (unit elastic bodies), such as snap dome, And the force is repeatedly oscillated during the deformation.
Specifically, an electric energy generating device according to the present invention includes: a piezoelectric body having at least two surfaces; And
And an elastic body which is located on at least one surface of the surface of the piezoelectric body and transmits a displacement to the piezoelectric body,
Wherein the elastic body changes in the form of a vibration repeatedly increasing and decreasing the force applied to the elastic body when the external force is applied and the elastic body is deformed in one direction to cause a vibration displacement in the piezoelectric body, Is provided.
At this time, it is preferable that the elastic body includes N unit elastic bodies (where N is 2 or more), and the vibration frequency may be N times or less.
In addition, the unit elastic body may be laminated so that the displacements of the unit elastic bodies are sequentially caused to displace the unit elastic bodies having different displacements.
The unit elastic body is a spring such as a snap-dome spring in which the relation of the force to displacement is non-linear. The unit elastic body can transmit the accumulated external force to the piezoelectric body for a short period of time after the applied external force is accumulated at the displacement and then the specific displacement is exceeded. The piezoelectric body vibrates by causing a displacement for a short time when an external force is applied and when the external force is removed, and the vibration of such a piezoelectric body is made to a sufficient degree to generate electric energy.
In the present invention, the unit elastic body has the following characteristics with respect to the instantaneous spring constant k defined by k = DELTA F / DELTA x when the displacement of the elastic body by the force F applied by the pressing means is x .
When the displacements x 1 , x 2 and x 3 are x 1 < x 2 < x 3
When the
When the displacement x 1 <x <x 2 time the spring constant k 2, and
When the displacement x 2 <x <x 3 , the instantaneous spring constant k 3 is
k 1> 0, k 2 ≤0 ,
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating elastic characteristics as described above.
Assuming that the displacement when the unit elastic body is pressed by the pressing means is the depth x, the initial depth is 0 and the depth when the snap-through-buckling occurs is x 1 . The maximum displacement of the unit elastic body, that is, the depth at the time of reaching the floor, can be expressed as x 3 .
That is, as shown in FIG. 1, when pressed by the pressurizing means, the force must first increase to deepen the depth. However, when the depth reaches (x 1 ), the depth deepens naturally without increasing the force (between x 1 and x 2 ) When the force increases again, the area where the depth deepens (between x 2 and x 3 ) appears. At this time, if a depth having a force equal to the force at x 1 between x 2 and x 3 is defined as x 2 'and the depth is measured while increasing the pressing force applied to the pressing means, the depth x 1 It is pressed down to the depth x 2 'even if the force does not increase.
As described above, snap-through-buckling is a phenomenon in which, in a typical mechanical force (F) -strain curve, deformation increases with external force, But the force has a decreasing section. For example, when a button is pressed on a TV remote control, a telephone keypad, a computer keyboard, or a mouse, a certain amount of force is applied to the button. Physically, it represents the section where there is a state of dF / d (strain) <0 when the force (F) is plotted on the Y axis and strain is plotted on the X axis.
Examples of the unit elastic body having elastic properties as described above include buckling springs, snap-through buckling springs, disc springs, dome springs, and the like, but are not limited thereto.
According to a preferred embodiment, a snap dome can be used. The snap dome is commonly used as an ultra-thin push switch (see http://www.inovan.de/, http://www.snaptron.com/), an example of which is shown in FIG. Usually, the edge touches the floor, but the middle part is slightly floating, so if you press the middle part, the middle pressing force suddenly propagates to the edge instantly before it touches the floor. It is snap-through-buckling.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the shape of the snap dome in which deformation occurs when a pressing force is applied. If you measure deformation while increasing the force, you can see that deformation suddenly jumps at the same force when you go to the area where snap-through-buckling occurs.
In the electric energy generating device according to the present invention, it is preferable that the unit elastic bodies are laminated so that the displacements of the unit elastic bodies sequentially cause displacements of adjacent unit elastic bodies.
Fig. 4 shows a snap dome stack stacked in such a way that these snap dome are reversed in opposite directions. At this time, the first snap dome is first placed, the second snap dome is turned upside down in the direction opposite to the first snap dome and stacked on the first snap dome, and the third snap dome is turned back in the direction opposite to the second snap dome, It is stacked on the second snap dome in the same direction as the dome. In this way, it is possible to create a snap dome stack in which the adjacent snap dome is repeatedly stacked upside down in the opposite direction to stack N snap dome. 4, the upper surface of one snap dome is brought into contact with the upper surface of the other spar dome, and the opposite surface, that is, the lower surface, is brought into contact with the lower surface of the next (other) snap dome And are repeatedly arranged to face each other in opposite directions.
Figure 5 shows a force-strain graph that appears when the snap dome stack is pressed. As the force increases, initially the snap dome of the snap dome stack is totally deformed, at which moment one snap dome causes snap-through-buckling, and the remaining snap dome is also cascaded in the snap-through buckle Resulting in snap-through-buckling. In other words, the force is changed in the form of vibration without pushing the additional force while continuing to push. As shown in FIG. 5, although the deformation continues, the force repeats the decrease / increase in the form of vibration. When the number of snap dome used in the snap dome stack is N, the number of oscillations in the force- have.
6 schematically shows a configuration of an electric energy generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to such a structure, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 6, it is preferable that the other surface of the piezoelectric body corresponding to the surface on which the elastic body is located is provided with a space capable of accommodating the displacement of the piezoelectric body.
Further, although not shown, more protrusions can be generated between the piezoelectric body and the elastic body to cause the twisting motion of the piezoelectric body, thereby generating more electric energy.
In the present invention, the piezoelectric body may be made of a piezoelectric single crystal or a piezoelectric material. For example, a piezoelectric single crystal or a piezoelectric ceramics containing no lead, or a piezoelectric polymer or the like. The piezoelectric single crystal has a structure in which fine particles having a certain structure are regularly arranged.
The piezoelectric body may have piezoelectric characteristics of a d33, d15, or d31 mode.
Specifically, for example, the piezoelectric single crystal may be a solid solution single crystal of a magnesium niobate (PMN) as a relaxor and a piezoelectric acid lead (PT). When a single crystal is used as a piezoelectric material in an acceleration sensor, the piezoelectric distortion is three times or more larger than that of a conventional piezoelectric material, the electromechanical coupling coefficient is large, and excellent piezoelectric characteristics are exhibited. As an alternative, a piezoelectric ceramic, for example, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic, which is one example of a known piezoelectric material, can be used.
Further, it may further comprise a pressing means for transmitting a force to the elastic body,
The piezoelectric body is composed of a piezoelectric material layer having a first electrode provided on a first surface and a second electrode provided on a second surface,
The displacement of the elastic body transmitted to the piezoelectric body can be generated by a pressing means for transmitting a force to the elastic body.
As shown in FIG. 6, the snap dome stack acts like a spring to push out the outer push switch first, and when the push switch is pressed by external force, the snap dome stack shrinks. Then, when the pressing force is removed again, it returns to the initial state by the elastic restoring force of each snap dome.
Figure 7 shows a method of measuring power production when snap-through-buckling of the snap dome stack shown in Figure 6 is actually applied. The power generated in the piezoelectric body may be stored in the capacitor via the rectifying circuit or directly connected to the rechargeable battery instead of the capacitor.
Figure 8 shows the actual fabrication process for the performance test of the snap dome stack in practice. A, B, C, and D are frame drawings for installing the snap dome stack, wherein A represents an upper frame, B represents a pressing portion, C represents a lower frame, and D represents a floor frame. The upper frame A catches the moving path of the pushing portion and secures a space for moving the pushing portion when the pushing portion presses the snap dome stack. The pushing part (B) is a part that presses with force, and the snap dome stack touches the upper part. When pressed down, it moves down and directly pushes the snap dome stack. The lower frame (C) has an internal space according to the shape of the smock stack so that it can be reliably depressed when the smock stack is pressed. The bottom frame (D) is a place where a piezoelectric body with a piezoelectric material is located, and has a small space at the bottom, so that the piezoelectric body can be lowered downward when pressed. E is actually a snap dome stack frame. F represents the shape of the snap dome stack when removed from E. G indicates the shape of the piezoelectric body mounted under the snap dome stack. H indicates the shape of the snap dome stack mounted inside the frame.
Figs. 9A and 9B are operational tests of the piezoelectric generator constructed as shown in Fig. 8, respectively, before and after pressing of Fig. 6, respectively.
10 schematically shows the result of the pushing test according to the number of snap dome of the snap dome stack. Pressing at a speed of 2 mm / s and stopping at 1500 gram-force, the graph shows the depression depth-force change graph for each structure, changing the number of snap dome to 1, 3, 5, 7,
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the generated energy form of the piezoelectric generator according to an embodiment of the present invention (12 snap dome numbers). A line electrically connected to both sides of the piezoelectric body in the piezoelectric generator is connected to the capacitor through the bridge diode rectifier circuit, and the voltage applied to the capacitor is measured and stored as the stored energy.
As described above, according to the present invention, by converting a high frequency power applied to a piezoelectric body through a simple principle, much more electric energy can be generated than conventional ones.
Claims (7)
And an elastic body which is located on at least one surface of the surface of the piezoelectric body and transmits a displacement to the piezoelectric body,
The elastic body changes in the form of a vibration repeatedly increasing and decreasing the force applied to the elastic body when the external force is applied and the elastic body is deformed in one direction,
Wherein the elastic body includes a plurality of unit elastic bodies, and the number of times of repetition of the vibration repeatedly increasing and decreasing the force applied to the elastic body is equal to or less than the number of the unit elastic bodies,
Wherein the unit elastic body is related to an instantaneous spring constant k defined by k = F / x when the displacement of the unit elastic body by the force F applied by the pressing means is x,
When the displacements x 1 , x 2 and x 3 are x 1 < x 2 < x 3
When the displacement 0 <x <x 1 , the instantaneous spring constant k 1 ,
When the displacement x 1 <x <x 2 time the spring constant k 2, and
When the displacement x 2 <x <x 3 , the instantaneous spring constant k 3 is
k 1> 0, k 2 ≤0 , k 3> An electric energy generating means having the elastic properties satisfying the condition 0.
Wherein the unit elastic body is laminated such that displacement of each unit elastic body causes displacement of the other unit elastic body.
Wherein a space capable of accommodating a displacement of the piezoelectric body is provided on another surface of the piezoelectric body corresponding to the surface on which the elastic body is located.
And a protrusion capable of selectively causing a twisting motion of the piezoelectric body between the space or the piezoelectric body and the elastic body.
Further comprising a pressing means for transmitting a force to the elastic body,
Wherein the piezoelectric body comprises a piezoelectric material layer having a first electrode provided on a first surface and a second electrode provided on an opposite second surface.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| KR1020150101215A KR101712817B1 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2015-07-16 | Electric Energy Generating Device |
| PCT/KR2016/000235 WO2016111601A1 (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2016-01-11 | Apparatus for generating electrical energy |
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| KR1020150101215A KR101712817B1 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2015-07-16 | Electric Energy Generating Device |
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| KR101712817B1 true KR101712817B1 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
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| JP2010154746A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2010-07-08 | Kohei Hayamizu | Generator |
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| JP3538976B2 (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 2004-06-14 | 株式会社デンソー | Stacked actuator and moving device |
| KR101218272B1 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2013-01-04 | 가천대학교 산학협력단 | generating apparatus with piezoeletric element |
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