KR101663793B1 - Smart fiber for storing electrical energy and manufacturing method of the same - Google Patents

Smart fiber for storing electrical energy and manufacturing method of the same Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101663793B1
KR101663793B1 KR1020150059647A KR20150059647A KR101663793B1 KR 101663793 B1 KR101663793 B1 KR 101663793B1 KR 1020150059647 A KR1020150059647 A KR 1020150059647A KR 20150059647 A KR20150059647 A KR 20150059647A KR 101663793 B1 KR101663793 B1 KR 101663793B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
carbon fiber
fiber
metal electrode
carbon
fibers
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KR1020150059647A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
박규순
김훈욱
채민수
김원석
김원창
조세호
문민석
안계혁
강신재
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재단법인 한국탄소융합기술원
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/40—Fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein

Abstract

The present invention relates to a smart fiber for storing energy, which can store energy and has flexible characteristics to be bent or folded, and a method of manufacturing the same. The smart fiber for storing energy may include two carbon fibers horizontally arranged in parallel; a gel-type polymer electrolyte which surrounds the two carbon fibers; and two metal electrodes which are connected to the two carbon fibers, respectively.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a smart fiber for storing energy and a manufacturing method thereof,

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a smart fiber for energy storage having energy-saving and flexible characteristics and a method for manufacturing the smart fiber.

Carbon materials are used in various fields including electrochemistry because they have excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, high purity, corrosion resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient. In addition, a lot of research is being carried out to use it as an electrode material because of its relatively easy processing and low cost.

Of these carbon materials, carbon fibers are known to have high strength and elasticity, and are divided into PAN series and pitch series depending on the starting materials. PAN-based carbon fibers have high tensile strength because they have a microstructure on the ribbon, and pitch-based carbon fibers are arranged in the fiber axis direction so that they exhibit excellent thermal and electrical properties. The carbon fiber also exhibits excellent physical properties in coefficient of linear expansion. The linear expansion coefficient of carbon fiber is negative at -1.2 × 10 -6 K -1 and shrinks with increasing temperature, and linear expansion coefficient in the radial direction is reported to be 5.5 × 10 -6 K -1 . The specific heat of the carbon fiber is about 0.7 kJkg -1 , which is constant irrespective of the difference in strength and elastic modulus of the carbon fiber. The direct measurement of the thermal conductivity of carbon fibers is extremely rare and is estimated from measurements of the thermal conductivity of most composites. Since the electrical conductivity of carbon fibers generally depends on crystallinity, graphitized fibers with good crystallinity, for example, exhibit an electrical resistance of 3.0 x 10 < -3 >

Due to the excellent physical properties of carbon fiber, many studies have been made to use carbon fiber as an electrode material for electrochemical cells. When the carbon fiber is used in an electrochemical cell, the electrode manufacturing method uses carbon fiber directly as an electrode material, or the carbon fiber is physically or chemically reused. In this case, the carbon fiber is processed and attached to the current collector. Since most of the electrochemical cells are implemented as a type-invariant hardware device, conventional electrochemical cells are limited in their form. Therefore, there is a demand for a device that can increase the utilization of the device by securing a flexible characteristic that can be bent or folded without being restricted by the form.

Korean Patent No. 10-2008-0041720

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an energy-saving smart fiber having energy-storable and flexible properties that can be bent or folded, and a method of manufacturing the smart fiber.

The objects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned objects, and other objects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

As means for solving the above problems, the smart fiber for energy storage according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises two carbon fibers arranged in parallel in a horizontal direction; A gel-type polymer electrolyte formed to surround the two carbon fibers; And two metal electrodes connected to each of the two carbon fibers.

The carbon fibers are carbon fibers produced by a method of carbonizing precursor organic fibers by heat treatment.

The gel-type polymer electrolyte is characterized by being a material providing a polymer matrix, a material capable of smoothly flowing ions during charging and discharging, and capable of ion-adsorbing an electrode.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing smart fibers for energy storage, comprising: disposing two carbon fibers horizontally in parallel; Applying a liquid electrolyte to surround the two carbon fibers, and then curing the liquid electrolyte; And depositing a first metal electrode on one end of one of the two carbon fibers and a second metal electrode on one end or the other end of the other of the two carbon fibers.

The smart fibers of the present invention enable energy storage operations to be performed through an electrolyte filled between two carbon fibers and two carbon fibers, while having similar appearance and flexibility as ordinary fibers.

Accordingly, the smart fibers of the present invention can be woven with smart fibers or ordinary fibers, thereby enabling various wearable energy storage devices to be implemented.

1 is a view showing a smart fiber for energy storage according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a view for explaining a method of storing energy of smart fibers for energy storage according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are views for explaining a method of manufacturing smart fibers for energy storage according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a view showing a smart fiber for energy storage according to another embodiment of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear.

The following terms are defined in consideration of the functions of the present invention, and these may be changed according to the intention of the user, the operator, or the like.

The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Only. Therefore, the definition should be based on the contents throughout this specification.

1 is a view showing a smart fiber for energy storage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1, the smart fiber for energy storage of the present invention comprises two carbon fibers 11 and 12 arranged in a horizontal direction in a first direction and two carbon fibers 11 and 12 arranged side by side in a horizontal direction And a first metal electrode 41 connected to the first carbon fiber 11 at one side of the two carbon fibers 11 and 12 in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, And a second metal electrode 42 positioned on the other side of the two carbon fibers 11 and 12 and connected to the second carbon fibers 12 in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction .

The first and second carbon fibers 11 and 12 can be produced by a method of carbonizing the precursor organic fibers by heat treatment. The carbon fiber used in the present invention may be one strand of about 10 탆 or less, but it may be a carbon fiber fabricated from a bundle of several bundles of carbon fibers bundled or twisted or fixed with an adhesive material .

In addition, in the present invention, physical or chemical treatment can be performed to widen the specific surface area of the carbon fiber. Physical methods include water vapor activation, CO 2 activation, or heat treatment to burn the surface of carbon fibers. Chemical methods include immersion in acids, salts, organic solutions, NaOH or KOH alone or in a certain ratio There is a method of heating. After physical or chemical treatment, the carbon fibers may contain impurities on the surface or inside.

Further, considering that the surface of the carbon fiber may contain impurities, it may further include a step of removing impurities contained in the surface of the carbon fiber. The impurities may be removed by heating the surface of the carbon fiber at a temperature of 200 ° C or higher, immersing it in an acid, a base or an organic solution, or applying a high-energy wavelength such as an ultrasonic wave.

The carbon fiber of the present invention can be used by introducing a functional group to the surface. As a method for introducing a functional group, a heat treatment or a plasma treatment can be performed. The functional groups that can be introduced into the surface of the carbon fiber may be -CO, -COO, -NH, -CONH, -O, -NHCOO, or the like.

In addition, the carbon fiber of the present invention may contain a substance that stores energy using an electrochemical oxidation / reduction reaction. These materials include oxides such as LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 and SiO 2 , and single metals or alloys such as Pb, Li and Sn. The above materials can be used by mixing the carbon fiber with the carbon fiber starting material during manufacturing or by coating the surface of the carbon fiber after the production.

The carbon fiber of the present invention may include a porous carbon material on which a physical adsorption / desorption reaction may take place on the surface of the carbon fiber. The porous carbon material may be used by mixing the carbon fiber with the carbon fiber starting material during manufacture or by coating the surface of the carbon fiber after the production.

The electrolyte (30) is made of a material providing a polymer matrix, a material capable of smoothly flowing ions during charging and discharging, and capable of ion-adsorbing the electrodes. Materials providing the polymer matrix should be electrically conductive materials having a low glass transition temperature and including polar groups. Materials that provide this feature include PEO (Polyethylene Eoxide), PPO (Polypropylene Oxide), PEI (Polyethylene imine), PAN (Polyacrylonitrile), PAS (Polyalkylene Sulfide), PEG (Polyethylene glycol) Polymethyl methacrylate, and PVC (polyvinylchloride). These materials can be used alone or in combination.

A substance which can smoothly flow the ions during charging and discharging or which is capable of ion-adsorbing and desorbing ions can be made of a material known in the art and made of an ionic bond such as A + B - . A + includes a material such as an alkali metal cation such as Li + , Na + , K + , or a combination thereof or a quaternary ammonium-based material, and B - includes PF 6 - , BF 4 - , Cl - , Br - , I - , anions such as ClO 4 - , ASF 6 - , CH 3 CO 2 - , CF 3 SO 3 - , N (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 - and C (CF 2 SO 2 ) 3 - Ions. Materials that provide this feature include, but are not limited to, TEABF 4 (tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate), TEMABF 4 (Triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate), SBPBF 4 (Spiro- (1,1 ') - bipyrrolidium tetrafluoroborate), EMIBF 4 (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) LiClO 4, LiBF 4, and the like, LiPF 6, NaClO 4, NaBF 4 , NaPF 6, these materials may be used alone or in combination.

It is also possible to use these salts in the presence of a base such as propylene carbonate, AcN, ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (ECM), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), gamma-butyroplacone (GBL) sulfoxide) alone or in a mixture thereof.

However, the above-described materials are listed in order to facilitate the production of electrolytes, but are not limited thereto.

In order to facilitate the production of the gel-type polymer electrolyte, a polymerization initiator may be added. As the polymerization method, methods such as thermal curing, ultraviolet ray and infrared ray curing, and ultrasonic curing can be used.

The first and second metal electrodes 41 and 42 may be formed of various metals or metal oxides such as gold, silver, aluminum, copper, and nickel.

That is, the smart fiber of the present invention has an appearance and flexibility similar to that of ordinary fibers, and has an energy storage operation through a gel-like electrolyte 30 filled between two carbon fibers 11 and 12 and two carbon fibers .

Hereinafter, an energy storing method of the smart fiber for storing energy will be described with reference to FIG.

First, the energy charging process using the smart fiber for energy storage will be described as follows.

If a current is applied to the first and second metal electrodes 41 and 42, one of the first and second metal electrodes 41 and 42 may be electrically connected to the first metal electrode 41, 41) becomes the negative electrode, and the opposite side (for example, the second metal electrode 42) becomes the positive electrode.

A potential difference is generated between the first and second carbon fibers 11 and 12 connected to the first and second metal electrodes 41 and 42 and the ions move in the electrolyte 30 or adsorb Thereby accumulating energy. Finally, when the voltage of the first and second carbon fibers 11 and 12 reaches the set voltage value, further energy accumulation operation is not performed.

The energy discharge process using smart fiber for energy storage will be described as follows.

When a load such as a circuit is connected to both ends of the first and second metal electrodes 41 and 42 and a current flow path is formed in the first and second metal electrodes 41 and 42, And flows along the current flow path. At this time, the current flow will be opposite to the current direction applied during charging. Also, when there is a resistance in the current flow path, the current flow rate is affected by Ohm's law (V = IR).

FIGS. 3 and 4 are views for explaining a method of manufacturing smart fibers for energy storage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), a fiber manufacturing frame 10 having a top side that is longer than the longitudinal side and has an open top surface and stepped steps are formed on the left and right edge regions 10-1 and 10-2, .

Then, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the first and second carbon fibers 11 and 12 are arranged side by side in the fiber manufacturing frame 10 in the horizontal direction. However, both ends of the first and second carbon fibers 11 and 12 are arranged to be shifted from each other on the right and left edge regions 10-1 and 10-2. That is, one end of the first fiber 11 located in the left edge region 10-1 is positioned closer to the left side of the fiber manufacturing frame 10 than the one end of the second fiber 12, The other end of the second fiber 12 located in the region 10-2 is disposed closer to the right side of the fiber manufacturing frame 10 opposite to the first direction than the other end of the first fiber 11. [

3 (c), one end of the first and second carbon fibers 11 and 12 is connected to the first fixing means 21 through the second fixing means 22 The other ends of the first and second fibers 11 and 12 are fixed. The fixing can be performed by using an adhesive or by fixing a groove to the frame so that the position of the fiber can be controlled and fixed depending on the characteristics of the carbon fiber.

Then, the electrolyte 30 is poured into a fiber manufacturing frame so that the electrolyte 30 surrounds the first and second carbon fibers 11 and 12, and then the liquid electrolyte 30 is cured in a gel form. The curing may be carried out by a method such as natural standing, infrared irradiation, thermal polymerization, and the like. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the curing method can be variously changed or added without deviating from the essential characteristics of the present invention There will be.

Then, as shown in Fig. 4 (b), the first and second fastening means 22 attached to both ends of the first and second fibers 11, 12 are removed.

Then, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), a lithography process or the like is performed to form a pattern mask defining the metal electrode region, then the first and second metal electrodes 41 and 42 are deposited, After completion, the pattern mask should be removed again. At this time, the first metal electrode 41 should be deposited only on the upper side of one end of the first fiber 11, and the second metal electrode 42 should be deposited on the upper side of the other end of the second fiber 12. This is so that the first fiber 11 and the second fiber 12 can be electrically separated completely.

4 (d), the first and second carbon fibers 11 and 12, the electrolyte 30 and the first and second metal electrodes 41 and 42 are formed in the fiber manufacturing frame 10, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 42 < / RTI >

In addition, although only the case where the first and second metal electrodes 41 and 42 are formed opposite to each other has been described above, the first and second metal electrodes 41 and 42, if necessary, It is of course also possible to have a structure arranged side by side on one side of the carbon fiber.

The thus produced smart fibers have a flexible characteristic that they can be bent or folded due to the flexible carbon fibers 11 and 12 and the gel-forming electrolyte 30.

In addition, since it has an appearance similar to that of ordinary fibers, it can be woven in the form of a fabric together with smart fibers or smart fibers and ordinary fibers, and ultimately can realize a wearable type energy device.

The foregoing description is merely illustrative of the technical idea of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are intended to illustrate rather than limit the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention should be construed according to the following claims, and all technical ideas within the scope of equivalents should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

A metal electrode having a first metal electrode and a second metal electrode spaced apart from each other;
First carbon fibers arranged in a horizontal direction between the metal electrodes and having one end connected to the first metal electrode and the other end extending toward the second metal electrode; A carbon fiber having a second carbon fiber extending toward the first metal electrode; And
And a gel-type polymer electrolyte formed to surround the carbon fibers,
The carbon fibers may be,
Treated by a physical method or a chemical method so as to widen the specific surface area,
The physical method is one of methods of steam-activating, CO 2 -receiving or heating the carbon fiber,
The chemical method is one of immersing the carbon fiber in an acid, a salt or an organic solution,
The physically or chemically treated carbon fibers may be,
Characterized in that the surface of the physically or chemically treated carbon fiber is heated to a temperature of 200 ° C or higher or a method of adding a wavelength of ultrasonic energy in order to remove impurities formed on the surface or inside, Smart fiber. delete The method of claim 1, wherein the gel polymer electrolyte comprises
A material providing a polymer matrix, a material capable of smoothly flowing ions during charging and discharging, and capable of adsorbing ions of an electrode. Providing a fiber fabric frame having an upper surface extending toward one direction and having a stepped step in the left and right edge regions;
Wherein the first carbon fiber and the second carbon fiber are arranged in a horizontal direction on a step formed in the fiber manufacturing frame, and one end of the first carbon fiber is adjacent to one side of the fiber manufacturing frame than one end of the second carbon fiber And the other end of the second carbon fiber is disposed adjacent to the other side of the fiber manufacturing frame from the other end of the first carbon fiber so that both ends of the first carbon fiber and the second carbon fiber are connected to the fiber manufacturing frame In the left and right edge regions of the display panel;
And fixing one end of the first carbon fiber and the second carbon fiber using a first fixing means and fixing the other end of the first carbon fiber and the second carbon fiber using a second fixing means, step;
Pouring an electrolyte into the fiber fabric frame and curing the electrolyte in a gel state to apply the first carbon fiber and the second carbon fiber;
Removing the first and second fastening means; And
Depositing a first metal electrode on one end of the first carbon fiber and a second metal electrode on the second carbon fiber,
Wherein the first metal electrode is deposited only on the upper side of one end of the first carbon fiber and the second metal electrode is deposited only on the upper side of the other end of the second carbon fiber.
KR1020150059647A 2015-04-28 2015-04-28 Smart fiber for storing electrical energy and manufacturing method of the same KR101663793B1 (en)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20080041720A (en) 2005-09-30 2008-05-13 가부시키가이샤 캬타라 Carbonaceous material for electric double layer capacitor and electric double layer capacitor

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20080041720A (en) 2005-09-30 2008-05-13 가부시키가이샤 캬타라 Carbonaceous material for electric double layer capacitor and electric double layer capacitor

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
C. Choi et al., ‘Stretchable, Wearable Coiled Carbon Nanotube/MnO2/Polymer Fiber Solid-State Supercapacitors,’ Scientific Reports, 5, 9387, 1-6 (2015.03.23.)* *
Y. Fu et al., ‘Fiber Supercapacitors Utilizing Pen Ink for Flexible/Wearable Energy Storage,’ Advanced Materials, 2012, 24, 5713-5718 (2012.08.31.)* *
Y. Zhang et al., ‘Flexible and Stretchable Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors Based on Electrically Conducting Carbon Nanotube Fiber Springs,’, Angewandte Chem.Int.Ed.2014,53,14564-14568* *

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