KR101636880B1 - 4 PORTS 2 SECTIONS 3-dB HYBRID COUPLER WITH ASYMMETRICAL TRANSMISSION LINES - Google Patents

4 PORTS 2 SECTIONS 3-dB HYBRID COUPLER WITH ASYMMETRICAL TRANSMISSION LINES Download PDF

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KR101636880B1
KR101636880B1 KR1020150081289A KR20150081289A KR101636880B1 KR 101636880 B1 KR101636880 B1 KR 101636880B1 KR 1020150081289 A KR1020150081289 A KR 1020150081289A KR 20150081289 A KR20150081289 A KR 20150081289A KR 101636880 B1 KR101636880 B1 KR 101636880B1
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transmission line
port
impedance
impedance value
hybrid coupler
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KR1020150081289A
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Korean (ko)
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김해진
김재학
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한국기초과학지원연구원
(주)에이스안테나
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a 2-section 3dB hybrid coupler. Particularly, according to the hybrid coupler of the present invention, a property is provided to impedance of a transmission line and a branch line, thereby expanding a bandwidth, making amplitude parallel, and improving an isolation property.

Description

2-section 3-dB hybrid coupler consisting of four ports with asymmetric transmission lines {4 PORTS 2 SECTIONS 3-dB HYBRID COUPLER WITH ASYMMETRICAL TRANSMISSION LINES}

The present invention relates to a two-section 3dB hybrid coupler. Specifically, the hybrid coupler of the present invention provides a hybrid coupler that characterizes the impedance of transmission lines and branch lines to provide bandwidth extension, amplitude parallelization, and isolation characteristics enhancement.

Coupling refers to a phenomenon in which alternating signal energy is transmitted electronically between independent spaces or lines. The coupler artificially controls the degree of such coupling, and it is a device that arbitrarily adjusts the length and spacing of the line to transmit the desired power to one side.

Particularly, the 3dB hybrid coupler is composed of two parallel transmission lines and two or more transmission lines between the two transmission lines, and the transmission lines are physically coupled to the transmission lines. The generator is connected to port 1 (input port). The dummy load is connected to port 4 (an isolated port). Signals applied to port 1 are equally divided into port 2 (transmitted port) and port 3 (coupled port). One output port shows a 90 ° phase shift with the other output port. When ports 2 and 3 are properly terminated with matching impedances, almost all signals applied to port 1 are routed to the ports connected to port 2 and port 3.

1A to 1C are views showing a conventional hybrid coupler. As shown in the figure, the hybrid coupler has four ports, a first transmission line connecting an input port and a transmitted port; A second transmission line connecting the isolated port and the coupled port, the second transmission line being parallel to the first transmission line; And the transmission lines are vertically connecting the two transmission lines.

The electrical lengths of the transmission line and the transmission line of the hybrid coupler are each of a length of? / 4 of the center frequency f0. Here, the magnitude of each output of the transited port and the coupled port is the same, and a signal having a phase difference of 90 degrees is generated.

On the other hand, port 4 (isolation port) is isolated and can not output any signal.

It has been known in the art that such a 3 dB hybrid coupler uses a method of widening into two sections and three sections, as shown in Figures 1B and 1C, to broaden the bandwidth.

The impedance of the branch transmission line of the three-section (Fig. 1C) type known in the art is larger than the impedance of the branch transmission line of one section (Fig.

3 sections are larger than two sections or one section, which is a problem in that the space is often restricted.

The inventors of the present invention have solved the above problems and have developed a coupling described below which is coupled at 3 dB in a wide band, and developed the patent of Patent No. 10-1371627. This patent provided a two-section 3-dB hybrid coupler consisting of four ports tuned for impedance of each transmission line as follows. In the 2-section 3-dB hybrid coupler of this patent, the impedance value (Z 2 ) of the transmission lines is larger than 0 and smaller than the value obtained by dividing the impedance value (Z 0 ) of the port by 2, 1 and the three kinds of the transmission line impedance (Z 1) is smaller than the value greater than 0 and divided by the (√2-1) to the impedance value (Z 0) of the port, the second branched transmission line impedance (Z 3) Is equal to the impedance value (Z 2 ) of the transmission lines. The inventor has found in this patent that the asymmetrical impedance values of the first and second transmission lines provide bandwidth extension, amplitude parallelization and isolation characteristics improvement.

The present invention provides a communication apparatus comprising: a first transmission line connecting an input port and a transmitted port; A second transmission line connecting the isolated port and the coupled port, the second transmission line being parallel to the first transmission line; Section two-section 3-dB hybrid coupler consisting of four ports, vertically connecting the two transmission lines, sequentially from the input port to the transited port, first, second and third branch transmission lines will be.

The impedance values of the respective lines of the two-section 3-dB hybrid coupler composed of these four ports are obtained by using the following equation as known in the art.

Figure 112015055476467-pat00001
(One)

Figure 112015055476467-pat00002
(2)

Z p is the impedance value of the transmission line, Z 0 is the impedance value of the port, and Zr is the impedance value of the transmission line.

For the 3-dB coupler, since P2 = P3 in the formula (1), the Z 0 = Z p. Therefore, the right side of equation (2) becomes 2, and Zr

Figure 112015055476467-pat00003
.

Therefore, the impedance value of each line of the 2-section 3-dB hybrid coupler, which is composed of four ideal ports, is obtained as follows.

Impedance value of transmission line (Z 2 ) = Impedance value of port (Z 0 ) / √2

The second transmission line impedance value (Z 2 ) = the impedance value of the port (Z 0 ) / √2

The impedance values of the first and third transmission lines (Z 1 ) = impedance value of the port (Z 0 ) / (√2-1)

For a 50 ohm reference coupler, Z 2 would be 35.4 ohms. The impedance values of the 1-section 3-dB coupler are as shown in FIG. 1A, the impedance values of the 2-section 3-dB coupler are as shown in FIG. 1B, - Impedance values of the section 3-dB couplers are shown in FIG.

The inventors of the present invention have changed the impedance value of an ideal coupler known in the art. These changes have been found to lead to improvements in amplitude balance, bandwidth, and phase difference.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a communication apparatus including: a first transmission line for connecting an input port and a transmitted port; A second transmission line connecting the isolated port and the coupled port, the second transmission line being parallel to the first transmission line; Section two-section 3-dB hybrid coupler consisting of four ports, vertically connecting the two transmission lines, sequentially from the input port to the transited port, first, second and third branch transmission lines , The impedance value of the first transmission line is larger than 0 and smaller than the value obtained by dividing the impedance value (Z 0 ) of the port by 2, the impedance value of the second transmission line is larger than the impedance value of the first transmission line, Section 3, consisting of four ports of the asymmetrical transmission line, which is smaller than the value obtained by dividing the impedance value (Z 1 ) of the port by the impedance value (Z 2 ) the inventors of the present invention have found that the impedance value of the first and second transmission lines is set to be smaller than the impedance value of the first and second transmission lines by a coupler having an impedance value smaller than an ideal impedance value known in the art of the transmission line and the first and third transmission lines, The symmetry suggests that amplitude parallelism and isolation are improved.

The first transmission line may be two kinds of impedance value (Z 3) can either be the same as the first transmission line as an ideal coupler, the first one or be impedance value (Z 2) of the transmission line and greater less.

Preferably, the impedance value of the second transmission line is greater than the impedance value of the first transmission line, and may be equal to or less than a value obtained by dividing the impedance value (Z 0 ) of the port by? 2.

In particular, the impedance value of the first transmission line is at most 20% smaller than the impedance value of the second transmission line. If it is smaller than 20%, amplitude parallelism is not good.

Figure 1 shows various types of 3 dB hybrid couplers and their ideal impedance values.
Figure 2a shows the ideal impedance value of a 3 dB hybrid coupler. 2B shows an impedance value as an example of the method shown in the patent document 10-1371627. 2C shows impedance values as an example of the present invention.
Figure 3 shows amplitude parallelism and isolation as a graph of three types of couplers as illustrated in Figure 2, using three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation code, HFSS.
4 is a photograph of a microstrip applying a model of the proposed two-section hybrid coupler of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the amplitude parallelism and isolation measured by reducing the width of the second transmission line using the model of Fig. 4. Fig.
6 shows the amplitude parallelism and isolation measured by reducing the width of the second transmission line in the model of the present invention in which the impedance values of the first and second transmission lines are asymmetric using the model of FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is capable of various modifications and various forms, and specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the text. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. Like reference numerals are used for like elements in describing each drawing.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present application, the term "comprises" or "having ", etc. is intended to specify that there is a feature, step, operation, element, part or combination thereof described in the specification, , &Quot; an ", " an ", " an "

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries are to be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the contextual meaning of the related art and are to be interpreted as either ideal or overly formal in the sense of the present application Do not.

Figure 2a shows the ideal impedance value of a 3 dB hybrid coupler. FIG. 2B shows impedance values as an example of the method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 10-1371627. 2C shows impedance values as an example of the present invention.

Figure 3 shows amplitude parallelism and isolation as a graph of three types of couplers as illustrated in Figure 2, using three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation code, HFSS.

As can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, when the impedance values of the first transmission line and the second transmission line are less than the ideal impedance value (Figure 2a) (Figure 2b) and the impedance value of the second transmission line When the impedance value is increased (FIG. 2C), it is confirmed that the bandwidth is increased. It can be seen that in the constant value of the amplitude imbalance (for example, 1 to -1) in FIG. 3, the bandwidth is increased in comparison with the ideal value (FIG. 2A) in the case of FIG. 2B or FIG. 2C, It can be confirmed that the bandwidth increases in comparison with the ideal value (FIG. 2A) in the case of FIG. 2B or FIG. 2C within a predetermined value (for example, -15 or less).

Even if the bandwidth increases, it can be confirmed that the amplitude parallelism and the isolation value are improved when the impedance of the second transmission line is made larger than the impedance of the first transmission line as shown in FIG. 2C.

In the case of amplitude parallelism, the value of FIG. 2C is smaller than that of FIG. 2B, and it is confirmed that the value converges to zero. Fig. 2b shows an increase in amplitude parallelism compared to the ideal coupler (Fig. 2a), but Fig. 2c can be adjusted to a zero value with this increased amplitude parallel value reduced.

In the case of isolation, it was confirmed that the value of FIG. 2C is lower than that of FIG. 2B.

Fig. 2b shows amplitude parallelism of 1dB and isolation of 17dB at 2.25 GHz. However, the inventive coupler illustrated in FIG. 2C has reduced amplitude parallelism to near 0 dB at the center frequency than that of the coupler of FIG. 2B and still shows a lowered isolation of 18 dB with a wider bandwidth than the ideal coupler.

4 is a photograph of a microstrip applying a model of the proposed two-section hybrid coupler of the present invention.

Fig. 5 shows the amplitude parallelism and isolation measured by reducing the width of the second transmission line using the model of Fig. 4. Fig. In FIG. 5, Cut = 0 mm shows amplitude parallelism and isolation using the model shown in FIG. 4 having the impedance of FIG. 2B, and Cut = 0.2 mm is the width of the second transmission line in the model shown in FIG. And Cut = 0.4 mm shows amplitude parallelism and isolation using a model in which the width of the second transmission line is reduced by 0.4 mm in the model shown in FIG. 4 having the impedance of FIG. 2b. And Cut = 0.6 mm shows amplitude parallelism and isolation using a model in which the width of the second transmission line is reduced by 0.6 mm in the model shown in FIG. 4 having the impedance of FIG. 2B.

It can be seen that when the impedance value is increased to 20% while reducing the width of the second transmission line, the amplitude parallelism is reduced to about 0 dB from 2 dB, and the characteristic of isolation ( S41 ) is also improved. Also, considering the amount of improvement in amplitude parallelism, there was almost no reduction in bandwidth overall. It is predicted that the amplitude parallelism is expected to exceed 0 when it is increased to 20% or more, so that the difference in impedance between the first transmission line and the second transmission line is preferably 20%.

6 shows the amplitude parallelism and isolation measured by increasing the width of the second transmission line in the model of the present invention in which the impedance values of the first and second transmission lines are asymmetric using the model of FIG. In FIG. 6, W = 1.8 mm, W = 1.7 mm, W = 1.6 mm and W = 1.5 mm are amplitude and parallelism and isolation according to increasing the value of the impedance while reducing the width of the second transmission line.

Claims (2)

A first transmission line connecting an input port and a transmitted port;
A second transmission line connecting the isolated port and the coupled port, the second transmission line being parallel to the first transmission line;
Section two-section 3-dB hybrid coupler consisting of four ports, vertically connecting the two transmission lines, sequentially from the input port to the transited port, first, second and third branch transmission lines ,
Wherein an impedance value of the first transmission line is greater than 0 and less than a value obtained by dividing the impedance value (Z 0 ) of the port by 2,
Wherein an impedance value of the second transmission line is greater than an impedance value of the first transmission line,
The first and the three kinds of the transmission line impedance (Z 1) is smaller than the value obtained by dividing the (√2-1) more than 0 and the impedance value (Z 0) of the port,
2-section 3-dB hybrid coupler with 4 asymmetric ports. The method according to claim 1,
The impedance value of the first transmission line is at most 20% smaller than the impedance value of the second transmission line,
2-section 3-dB hybrid coupler with 4 asymmetric ports.
KR1020150081289A 2015-06-09 2015-06-09 4 PORTS 2 SECTIONS 3-dB HYBRID COUPLER WITH ASYMMETRICAL TRANSMISSION LINES KR101636880B1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107946182A (en) * 2017-12-08 2018-04-20 陕西师范大学 A kind of micro-nano metal structure for realizing asymmetric transmission and preparation method thereof
KR102154658B1 (en) 2019-07-10 2020-09-10 주식회사유비씨에스 System of combining and transmitting signal of service band of each communication service provider for communication standard without guard band
KR20210007832A (en) 2020-06-05 2021-01-20 주식회사유비씨에스 System of combining and transmitting signal of service band of each communication service provider for communication standard without guard band

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4928078A (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-05-22 Avantek, Inc. Branch line coupler
KR101371627B1 (en) * 2012-07-23 2014-03-07 한국기초과학지원연구원 4 PORTS 2 SECTIONS 3-dB HYBRID COUPLER
KR101484976B1 (en) * 2013-11-18 2015-01-21 한국기초과학지원연구원 4 ports 2 sections hybrid coupler comprising port transmission lines

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4928078A (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-05-22 Avantek, Inc. Branch line coupler
KR101371627B1 (en) * 2012-07-23 2014-03-07 한국기초과학지원연구원 4 PORTS 2 SECTIONS 3-dB HYBRID COUPLER
KR101484976B1 (en) * 2013-11-18 2015-01-21 한국기초과학지원연구원 4 ports 2 sections hybrid coupler comprising port transmission lines

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107946182A (en) * 2017-12-08 2018-04-20 陕西师范大学 A kind of micro-nano metal structure for realizing asymmetric transmission and preparation method thereof
CN107946182B (en) * 2017-12-08 2019-12-27 陕西师范大学 Micro-nano metal structure for realizing asymmetric transmission and preparation method thereof
KR102154658B1 (en) 2019-07-10 2020-09-10 주식회사유비씨에스 System of combining and transmitting signal of service band of each communication service provider for communication standard without guard band
KR20210007832A (en) 2020-06-05 2021-01-20 주식회사유비씨에스 System of combining and transmitting signal of service band of each communication service provider for communication standard without guard band

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