KR101636872B1 - Plasma arc apparatus for synthesis gas production - Google Patents
Plasma arc apparatus for synthesis gas production Download PDFInfo
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- KR101636872B1 KR101636872B1 KR1020150067214A KR20150067214A KR101636872B1 KR 101636872 B1 KR101636872 B1 KR 101636872B1 KR 1020150067214 A KR1020150067214 A KR 1020150067214A KR 20150067214 A KR20150067214 A KR 20150067214A KR 101636872 B1 KR101636872 B1 KR 101636872B1
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- gas
- electrode
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- main body
- internal electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/006—Control circuits therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/38—Guiding or centering of electrodes
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- H05H2001/3421—
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
The present invention relates to an arc plasma apparatus for producing syngas and a method of using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to an arc plasma apparatus for producing syngas by improving the efficiency of contact between an injection gas and an arc in a torch, To an arc plasma apparatus for the production of syngas, which can prevent corrosion of the electrodes and improve the life of the plasma apparatus.
The arc discharge generates an arc between the anode and the cathode to obtain high temperature thermal energy, and the temperature is very high, about 10,000 ° C. The plasma generated at this time is referred to as an arc plasma, and the generating apparatus is referred to as a plasma torch.
Plasma arc torches have high temperature and high enthalpy characteristics and can be widely applied to other metal processing work such as plasma welding, hazardous waste treatment, plasma spraying, diamond film formation, and the like. The advantage of the plasma heating is that the facility is compact, the ultra-high temperature can be obtained quickly, and the amount of exhaust gas is small, which can be a clean energy source.
The plasma heating method is divided into a transfer type and a non-transfer type. In the non-transfer type, two electrodes of an anode and a cathode are present in the torch. In the transfer type, the anode is outside the torch, The present invention is also applicable to the melting of molten glass.
Plasma gas can be applied in various ways such as argon, nitrogen and hydrogen, and air and steam can be used as plasma gas. In order to provide the steam to the torch, it is a general method to supply the steam produced from the outside with the steam generating portion to the steam torch through the steel tube.
Since the internal temperature of the torch is normal at the beginning of the torch operation, condensation occurs in the introduced steam, so that almost all of the steam is condensed and water flows out from the torch nozzle. In such a case, water may flow out from the torch during operation, which may cause normal operation or danger of electric leakage, and the process may be interrupted because the flame is turned off or the stable state of the flame becomes difficult to maintain.
On the other hand, it is a conventional general method that the steam produced in the steam generating part is directly introduced into the steam torch after confirming the state of the steam generated by passing through the pressure gauge, the thermometer and the flow meter. In this method, the steam produced by the steam generating section is in a wet state containing moisture, so that the torch can be supplied with water together with the steam.
Generally, in a gas reforming reaction using an arc plasma, a reaction gas for reforming is directly used as a plasma gas in order to increase a reforming efficiency through direct contact with an arc in a plasma torch. In this case, the plasma discharge may be unstable due to various plasma gas compositions. In order to compensate the plasma discharge, a relatively high voltage should be applied to keep the arc constant. If the arc length is constant and the inputted voltage and current value are kept constant, the temperature distribution in the plasma is kept constant, and a stable chemical reaction can be induced. In the conventional arc plasma apparatus for reforming reaction, there is a problem that the arc length is not constant and the plasma volume is continuously changed, which makes it difficult to maintain a uniform chemical reaction.
In addition, the plasma volume is associated with the hot zone and the reaction time at which the reactants for the reforming reaction can react. When the plasma volume is large, the high-temperature region where the reactants can react can be increased, and the reaction can be effectively induced at a relatively high temperature, and the reaction time can be prolonged, thereby increasing the efficiency of the reforming reaction. It is therefore important to make the plasma volume relatively large, and it is essential to maintain a stable plasma volume. However, there is a problem that a long arc having a long voltage applied with a high voltage must be stably formed.
The present invention is directed to an arc plasma apparatus for producing syngas and a method of using the arc plasma apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to an arc plasma apparatus for producing syngas, An object of the present invention is to provide an arc plasma apparatus for producing syngas which can prevent the corrosion of internal electrodes and improve the lifetime of a plasma apparatus by providing a core.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an arc plasma apparatus for producing syngas,
main body; An inner electrode formed inside the body in a cylindrical shape; An external electrode formed at a predetermined distance from the internal electrode and having a cylindrical shape with at least a portion of the upper portion being smaller in radius; A ceramic nozzle formed on the top of the external electrode; An insulating portion electrically insulating the inner electrode and the outer electrode; A gas injection unit formed on a side surface of the main body and injecting a raw material gas into a reaction space formed by the internal electrode and the external electrode; .
The present invention relates to an arc plasma apparatus for producing syngas, and more particularly, to an arc plasma apparatus for producing syngas, and more particularly, to an arc plasma apparatus for producing syngas, It is possible to provide an arc plasma apparatus for producing syngas capable of effectively reforming the raw material gas and improving the life of the plasma apparatus by preventing the corrosion of the internal electrode by providing a ceramic core.
1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an arc plasma apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a perspective view showing an arc flow between an external electrode and an internal electrode in an arc plasma apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a gas injection portion of an arc plasma apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a perspective view illustrating an arc plasma apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an actual discharge state and a flow inside a body through an experiment of an arc plasma apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
6 is a schematic view of an arc plasma apparatus system for a biogas reforming reaction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a graph showing voltage and current waveforms for discharging an arc plasma apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals as used in the appended drawings denote like elements, unless indicated otherwise. In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather obvious or understandable to those skilled in the art.
1 and 2, an
The
The
2 (b), an arc formed between the
The
The
The insulating
The insulating
The insulating
Further, the
The
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, when the gas injection unit is formed in a tangential shape, the raw material gas injected by the inner surface of the main body may be rotated into a spiral shape and introduced into the
In the course of the chemical reaction of the raw material gas for producing the synthesis gas, for example, water or carbon particles may be generated and included in the synthesis gas. Accordingly, the plasma gas flowing out of the
5 is a perspective view showing an actual state of an arc plasma apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention and a flow inside the body. 5 (a) shows a shape in which a synthesis gas, which has undergone the reforming reaction, flows out of the
5 (b) shows the distribution of the flow in which the raw material gas introduced into the
As shown in FIG. 5 (b), the reaction space inside the
Further, by maintaining the arc length continuously, the high temperature region of the arc can be kept relatively wide and stable.
Accordingly, the
6 is a schematic diagram of a system including an arc plasma apparatus for a biogas reforming reaction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The system includes an
The raw material
The source
The flow controller 210 can control the flow rate of the raw material gas supplied to the
The flow controller 210 according to one embodiment of the present invention may include, for example, a
It may be necessary to adjust the flow rate appropriately when operating the
The
The raw gas mixed with carbon dioxide, oxygen and methane passing through the
The
The synthesis gas discharged from the
The
The
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically by way of examples.
However, the following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
<Example 1> Measurement of syngas concentration according to reaction conditions
The concentration of syngas according to the reaction conditions was measured using the arc plasma apparatus system shown in FIG.
(1) arc plasma system
The internal electrode forming the arc plasma apparatus was a cylindrical type having a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 30 mm, and stainless steel (SS304) was used as the material. The external electrode has an inner diameter of 20 mm and a length of 36 mm, and the distance between the two electrodes is 8 mm. The inner diameter of the upper end of the ceramic nozzle is 6 mm.
Reaction gas injected into the body was injected using four gas injection parts formed at a tangential angle of 90 degrees. The flow rate of the reaction gas to be injected was 20 SLPM (standard liters per minute), and a flow controller (MFC) was used for the injection at the above flow rate.
The power supply used to supply power to the internal electrodes was fixed at a frequency of 40 KHz, On time 5 ?, an average input voltage of 6.6 kV, an average input current of 0.06 mA, and an input power of 370 W.
The components of the syngas which were modified by the arc plasma apparatus were analyzed by chromatography (Agilent 6890), gas analyzer (KG6050, Delta 1600s), and the decomposition rate and decomposition efficiency Respectively.
(2) Verification of plasma stability
As shown in mode 2 of FIG. 7, a stable change of voltage and current can be confirmed under the fixed condition. The horizontal axis includes time (ms), and the vertical axis contains voltage and current. The waveforms of the graphs show that the voltage and current magnitudes over time do not change and are constant. Therefore, the above-described operating conditions can enable stable plasma operation.
Mode 1 was operated under conditions different from the above driving conditions, and it can be confirmed from the graph waveform that the magnitude of voltage and current over time is irregular. As shown in Mode 1 to Mode 2, it can be seen that the waveform of voltage and current in Mode 2 is more constant than Mode 1. That is, it can be confirmed that the condition of the mode 2 is that the plasma is stable.
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1 Conversion rate and efficiency of synthesis gas produced in an arc plasma apparatus
(1) Syngas concentration measurement by reaction conditions
The following experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of the flow rate of the raw material gas injected from the arc plasma apparatus on the synthesis gas production ratio according to the present invention.
Methane and carbon dioxide, which are components of the raw material gas, are injected into the
<Table 1>
The components of the syngas produced in the arc plasma apparatus were analyzed using the
<Table 2>
As shown in Table 2, when the flow rates of methane, carbon dioxide, and air were 3, 2, and 10, synthesis gas was produced at a high rate of 76.8%. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the flow rate ratio is the optimum reaction condition.
(2) Conversion rate and energy efficiency calculation
Conversion rates and energy efficiencies of the syngas produced in the arc plasma apparatus were calculated from the data obtained under optimum reaction conditions as shown in Table 2 using the equation. The efficiency of the present invention can be verified by using the calculated efficiency.
The formula for calculating the methane conversion rate (Equation 1), the carbon dioxide conversion rate (Equation 2), and the energy efficiency (Equation 3) for the optimum reaction condition are as follows.
&Quot; (1) "
Equation 1 shows the conversion of methane (
). ≪ / RTI > Means the flow rate at which methane is injected. Means the concentration of methane gas in syngas. Means the total flow rate of the synthesis gas after the reforming reaction, and this value is the flow rate of nitrogen as the internal standard gas ) Was adjusted to the concentration of nitrogen ( ).(
) remind The final expression of the equation (1) is calculated.&Quot; (2) "
Equation 2 shows the carbon dioxide conversion rate
). ≪ / RTI > Methane conversion rate, Means the concentration of carbon dioxide in the syngas, Means the flow rate at which carbon dioxide is injected.&Quot; (3) "
Equation (3) is an expression for efficiency of the synthesis gas produced after the reforming reaction. here,
Represents the plasma input power value, and LHV represents the heat amount (MJ / Kg) which does not include the latent heat of water vapor generated when the fuel is burned with the low calorific value. The LHV values for methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are shown in Table 3.<Table 3>
The conversion rates and energy efficiencies of methane and carbon dioxide can be calculated by substituting the data shown in Table 3 and the data obtained under the optimal reaction conditions according to the embodiment of the present invention into the above Equations 1, 2, The detailed results are shown in Table 4.
<Table 4>
Table 5 shows the conversion rate according to the discharge type, the amount of energy required to produce 1 mole of syngas (EC CO + H2 ), and the energy efficiency (C CO + H2 ). The efficiency of the present invention can be confirmed by comparison with Table 4 which is data according to the embodiment of the present invention.
<Table 5>
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation in the embodiment in which said invention is directed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
110:
120: internal electrode
130: external electrode
140: Ceramic nozzle
150:
160: gas injection part
Claims (8)
An inner electrode formed inside the body in a cylindrical shape;
A ceramic core formed at the center of an upper surface of the internal electrode;
An external electrode formed at a predetermined distance from the internal electrode and having a cylindrical shape with at least a portion of the upper portion being smaller in radius;
A ceramic nozzle formed on the top of the external electrode;
An insulating portion electrically insulating the inner electrode and the outer electrode; And
A gas injection unit formed on a side surface of the body and injecting a source gas into a reaction space formed by the internal electrode and the external electrode;
.
And a power supply unit for supplying power to the internal electrode.
Wherein the gas injecting portion includes at least two gas injection portions formed on a side lower portion of the main body.
Wherein the at least two gas injection units are tangentially connected to the external electrode so as to inject the raw material gas into the body in a tangential direction.
Wherein the at least two gas injection units are spaced apart by an equal distance.
Wherein the source gas injected through the two or more gas injection units spirally envelops an arc plasma formed between the internal electrode and the external electrode and is ejected through the ceramic nozzle.
A ceramic insulator formed under the internal electrode,
A grafting ring formed on a side surface of the ceramic insulator to prevent leakage of the raw material gas,
And a grapheme ferrule that is a heat resistant conduit formed at the bottom of the ceramic insulator.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20200095906A (en) | 2019-02-01 | 2020-08-11 | 국방과학연구소 | Plasma generating device and coating device using plasma jet |
KR102227464B1 (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2021-03-12 | 한국핵융합에너지연구원 | Method and Apparatus for Controlling NOx and Method for Preparing NOx-Containing Water |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH07185823A (en) * | 1992-11-27 | 1995-07-25 | Komatsu Ltd | Plasma torch |
JP2002299099A (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-11 | Yamada Kinzoku Boshoku Kk | Generator and generation method of plasma arc |
JP2003514114A (en) * | 1999-10-30 | 2003-04-15 | プラズマトリート ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Method and apparatus for plasma coating surface finishing |
-
2015
- 2015-05-14 KR KR1020150067214A patent/KR101636872B1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH07185823A (en) * | 1992-11-27 | 1995-07-25 | Komatsu Ltd | Plasma torch |
JP2003514114A (en) * | 1999-10-30 | 2003-04-15 | プラズマトリート ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Method and apparatus for plasma coating surface finishing |
JP2002299099A (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-11 | Yamada Kinzoku Boshoku Kk | Generator and generation method of plasma arc |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20200095906A (en) | 2019-02-01 | 2020-08-11 | 국방과학연구소 | Plasma generating device and coating device using plasma jet |
KR102227464B1 (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2021-03-12 | 한국핵융합에너지연구원 | Method and Apparatus for Controlling NOx and Method for Preparing NOx-Containing Water |
WO2022030812A1 (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2022-02-10 | 한국핵융합에너지연구원 | Method and apparatus for controlling nitrogen oxide and method for preparing nitrogen oxide-containing water |
CN116157197A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2023-05-23 | 韩国核融合能源研究院 | Method and device for controlling nitrogen oxides and method for producing water containing nitrogen oxides |
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