KR101560576B1 - Method for extracting saccharide from biomass using radio active rays - Google Patents
Method for extracting saccharide from biomass using radio active rays Download PDFInfo
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- KR101560576B1 KR101560576B1 KR1020130135602A KR20130135602A KR101560576B1 KR 101560576 B1 KR101560576 B1 KR 101560576B1 KR 1020130135602 A KR1020130135602 A KR 1020130135602A KR 20130135602 A KR20130135602 A KR 20130135602A KR 101560576 B1 KR101560576 B1 KR 101560576B1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a biomass comprising: exposing the biomass to radiation to change the molecular structure of the biomass; and adding NMMO (n) to the biomass with the changed molecular structure to increase the chemical reaction area of the biomass wherein the biomass is swollen by mixing a mixed solvent of methylmorpholine, n-oxide and methylmorpholine.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an extraction method for extracting a saccharide contained in a biomass by increasing the yield of saccharides using radiation.
A pretreatment process of biomass is performed as a pre-stage process for extracting fermentable sugars necessary for ethanol conversion from biomass. The pretreatment process is aimed at decomposing dense chemical bonds between carbohydrates such as cellulose and hemicellulose and lignin in the structure of biomass.
Considering the effect of the separation of carbohydrate and lignin on the yield of saccharides, the step of removing lignin from the biomass is important, and the decomposition of the chemical bond of hemicellulose surrounding the cellulose is also important.
The reason for using the chemical pretreatment method in the pretreatment process is that the pretreatment purpose differs depending on the kind of the chemical substance to be used and the concentration of each chemical substance. For example, there is a single pretreatment process using an acid or a base. In the case of pretreatment with an acid, there is an advantage in the yield of cellulose, but it is difficult to obtain the yield of xylose as a result of the loss of hemicellulose which is easily dissolved in the acid. In the case of pretreatment with a base, it is effective for removal of lignin, but separation of cellulose and hemicellulose is not effective and yield is low.
In general, in order to supplement a single pretreatment process using an existing acid or base, a physical pretreatment method, an environmentally friendly solvent pretreatment method, a blowing method of explosively discharging high-temperature and high-pressure steam explosively, a physicochemical pretreatment method, a chemical low- And a composite pretreatment process in which each single process is combined, such as a pretreatment method and a radiation steam pretreatment method, are widely used.
The present invention is to provide a method for improving the yield of saccharides contained in biomass using radiation.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for extracting saccharides from biomass using radiation, the method comprising: mixing biomass with a biomass to change the molecular structure of the biomass; Exposing the biomass to radiation, and swelling the biomass by mixing an NMMO (n-methylmorpholine n-oxide) mixed solvent to the biomass having the changed molecular structure so as to increase the chemical reaction region of the biomass .
According to one example of the present invention, the step of exposing may irradiate the biomass with a total of 100 kGy to 500 kGy of radiation.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of exposing comprises the steps of pulverizing the biomass into a powder state so as to widen the surface area of the biomass to which the radiation is irradiated, and irradiating the irradiated biomass with the radiation And a step of investigating.
The step of swelling the biomass may include stirring the slurry biomass by mixing the solid state biomass with a liquid swelling agent.
The weight ratio of the biomass to the swelling agent in the biomass may range from 1% to 10%.
Adding the enzyme to the swollen biomass to extract a saccharide, and adjusting a total amount of radiation irradiated to the biomass to determine a yield rate of the saccharide.
The addition of the enzyme to the swollen biomass to extract the saccharide may include culturing a mixture of the biomass and the enzyme in an incubator and adjusting the incubation time to determine the yield rate of the saccharide .
The enzyme may include at least one of a cellulase, a beta-glucosidase, and a mixture thereof.
The biomass may include at least one of cellulosic biomass, lignocellulosic biomass, and a mixture thereof.
The irradiation of the radiation may include any one of gamma ray, electron beam, ion beam, ultraviolet ray, x-ray, plasma and neutron.
The irradiation of the radiation can be repeatedly examined and interrupted at intervals of time.
The method of extracting saccharides of the present invention can extract more saccharides from the biomass in a state where the chemical bonding force between the constituents of the biomass is weakened by changing the molecular structure of the biomass by exposing the biomass to radiation .
In addition, the method of extracting saccharides of the present invention can improve the yield of saccharides by increasing the accessibility of the biomass to enzymes when extracting saccharides by enzymes, by swelling the biomass whose molecular structure is changed by exposure to radiation.
In addition, the method of extracting saccharides of the present invention can extract various kinds of saccharides as compared with a chemical pretreatment method in which only specific saccharides are extracted using acid or alkali.
1 is a flow chart illustrating a method of extracting saccharides according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the yield of saccharides according to the total radiation dose and the saccharification time measured according to the saccharide extraction method shown in FIG. 1; FIG.
Hereinafter, a method of extracting saccharides from biomass using the radiation of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the present specification, the same or similar reference numerals are given to different embodiments in the same or similar configurations. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The present invention relates to a pretreatment process for improving the yield of saccharides contained in biomass and a method for extracting saccharides by adding an enzyme to the pretreated biomass.
Hereinafter, a method of extracting saccharides from biomass using radiation will be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. Fig.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method of extracting saccharides according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the yield of saccharides according to the total dose of radiation and the saccharification time measured according to the method of extracting saccharides shown in FIG. Graph.
Referring to FIG. 1, a method of extracting saccharides from biomass using radiation includes steps of exposing biomass to radiation (S100) and swelling the biomass (S200).
First, in step S100 of exposing the biomass to radiation, the biomass is exposed to radiation to change the molecular structure of the biomass. Specifically, the biomass contains carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which is one of the components of the plant skeleton, and these components are chemically and densely bonded to each other.
In this state, when the biomass is exposed to radiation, the biomass is physically damaged by radiation, thereby changing the molecular structure of the biomass. For example, the change in molecular structure of the biomass may include at least one of surface area, porosity, and basification. Through this process, the chemical bonding structure of the biomass can be weakened.
The step of exposing to the radiation may be accomplished by irradiating the biomass with a total of 100 kGy to 500 kGy of radiation. At this time, if the total irradiation dose is 100 kGy or less, the molecular structure of the biomass is not easily changed. When the total irradiation dose is 500 kGy or more, the yield of saccharides that can be extracted from the cellulose by decomposing the cellulose contained in the biomass Lt; / RTI >
The irradiation of the radiation may include any one of gamma ray, electron beam, ion beam, ultraviolet ray, x-ray, plasma and neutron.
The irradiation of the radiation can be repeatedly performed at intervals of time. Specifically, when the biomass is irradiated with radiation, heat may continuously rise in the biomass, and the carbohydrate component contained in the biomass may be destroyed. In the present invention, the irradiation is stopped after a certain period of time after irradiating the biomass with the radiation, and the irradiation of the biomass with the lowered temperature is further irradiated with radiation to prevent the destruction of the carbohydrate due to the heat generated in the biomass, Can be extracted.
In addition, the biomass may include at least one of cellulosic biomass, lignocellulosic biomass, and a mixture thereof. For example, biomass can be various algae and plant resources produced by photosynthesis, such as corn, sugarcane, palm, banana, coconut, soybean, barley, rice straw and the like.
Meanwhile, the step of exposing the biomass to radiation (S100) includes a step S110 of pulverizing the biomass into a powder state so as to enlarge a surface area of the biomass irradiated with the radiation, And irradiating the radiation with the radiation (S120). Thus, radiation can be applied to a larger area of the biomass.
Next, in step S200 of swelling the biomass, the biomass is swollen to increase the chemical reaction zone of the biomass. Specifically, when a mixed solvent of NMMO (n-methylmorpholine n-oxide) is mixed with a biomass whose molecular structure is changed by exposure to radiation, the biomass absorbs the mixed solvent and swells. The reaction zone capable of causing a specific chemical reaction in the biomass in which the chemical bonding structure is weakened can be enlarged. For example, the NMMO mixed solvent may be prepared by mixing water and the NMMO in a ratio of 50:50.
In addition, the step of swelling the biomass may include stirring the slurry biomass by mixing the solid state biomass with a liquid swelling agent.
The weight ratio of the biomass to the swelling agent may be 1% to 10%.
By exposing the biomass to radiation (S100) and swelling the biomass (S200), the chemical bonding of the carbohydrates constituting the biomass is weakened using radiation before the saccharides are extracted from the biomass In addition, by swelling the biomass in which the chemical bond is weakened, the region in which the reaction takes place in the subsequent step of extracting the saccharide can be expanded to extract more saccharides.
Meanwhile, the method of extracting saccharides from biomass using radiation may further include a step (S300) of adding saccharides by adding an enzyme to the swelled biomass. Specifically, the enzyme acts on a carbohydrate contained in the biomass to extract a saccharide (hereinafter, referred to as an enzyme saccharification). At this time, the total radiation irradiated to the biomass so as to determine a yield rate of the saccharide Can be adjusted.
For example, referring to FIG. 2, in contrast to the case (Raw) in which the step S220 of irradiating the biomass with the radiation and the step S200 of mixing the NMMO mixed solvent are not performed, As the radiation dose is increased, the yield of saccharides is increased when the above steps are performed (E100 + NMMO, E300 + NMMO, E500 + NMMO). Accordingly, the yield of the saccharide can be determined by adjusting the total dose of the irradiation. Here, E100, E300, and E500 are the total radiation doses of 100 kGy, 300 kGy, and 500 kGy irradiated to the biomass, respectively.
The addition of the enzyme to the swollen biomass to extract the saccharide may include culturing a mixture of the biomass and the enzyme in an incubator, and culturing the mixture in the incubator so as to determine the yield rate of the saccharide Time can be adjusted. For example, referring to FIG. 2, the yield of the saccharide is shown for each condition (Raw, NMMO, E100 + NMMO, E300 + NMMO, E500 + NMMO). Here, the yield of saccharides was measured by adjusting the incubation time for each of the above conditions. (24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours from the left side in each condition). Thus, the yield of the saccharide can be determined by controlling the time for culturing the mixture of the biomass and the enzyme.
In addition, the enzyme may include at least one of a cellulase, a beta-glucosidase, and a mixture thereof. Wherein the cellulase acts on the cellulose and the beta-glucosidase acts on the hemicellulose to extract the saccharide from the biomass.
Meanwhile, a method of extracting saccharides from biomass using radiation may include washing the swollen biomass with distilled water and drying the washed biomass. After performing the step, the enzymatic saccharification Can be performed.
However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the configuration and method of the embodiments described above, and all or some of the embodiments may be selectively combined so that various modifications may be made to the embodiments. In addition, the present invention can be applied to all equivalents of inventions, such as inventions that can be modified, added, deleted, or replaced at the level of those skilled in the art, It belongs to the scope is self-evident.
Claims (11)
Mixing the NMMO (n-methylmorpholine n-oxide) mixed solvent with the biomass in which the chemical bond is weakened by being exposed to the radiation so as to increase the chemical reaction region of the biomass, Swelling; And
Adding an enzyme to the biomass swelled by the NMMO mixed solvent to extract a saccharide,
Wherein the step of exposing the biomass to radiation comprises irradiating the biomass with a total of 100 kGy to 500 kGy of radiation so as to inhibit destruction of the carbohydrate component contained in the biomass due to the increase in heat due to the irradiation, Is repeated so as to repeat the irradiation and the irradiation at a predetermined time interval.
The step of exposing,
Crushing the biomass into a powder state so as to widen the surface area of the biomass irradiated with the radiation; And
And irradiating the micronized biomass with the radiation.
Wherein the step of swelling the biomass comprises stirring the slurry biomass by mixing a solid state biomass with a liquid swelling agent, Way.
Wherein the weight ratio of the biomass to the swelling agent in the mixture is 1% to 10%.
Wherein the total amount of radiation irradiated to the biomass is adjusted so as to determine a yield rate of the saccharide.
Extracting the saccharide by adding an enzyme to the swollen biomass comprises culturing a mixture of the biomass and the enzyme in an incubator,
Wherein the culture time is adjusted so as to determine a yield rate of the saccharide.
Wherein the enzyme comprises at least one of a cellulase, a beta-glucosidase, and a mixture thereof.
Wherein the biomass comprises at least one of a cellulosic biomass, a lignocellulosic biomass, and a mixture thereof.
Wherein the irradiation of the radiation includes any one of gamma ray, electron beam, ion beam, ultraviolet ray, x-ray, plasma and neutron.
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| EP2133366A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2009-12-16 | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology | Fine fibrous cellulose material and method for producing the same |
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| EP2133366A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2009-12-16 | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology | Fine fibrous cellulose material and method for producing the same |
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| Journal of Industrial Microbiology&Biotechnology, Vol.35, Issue.5 pp.377-391 (2008)* |
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