KR101487138B1 - DC-DC converter and Ramp generator - Google Patents

DC-DC converter and Ramp generator Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101487138B1
KR101487138B1 KR20140098593A KR20140098593A KR101487138B1 KR 101487138 B1 KR101487138 B1 KR 101487138B1 KR 20140098593 A KR20140098593 A KR 20140098593A KR 20140098593 A KR20140098593 A KR 20140098593A KR 101487138 B1 KR101487138 B1 KR 101487138B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
load
switching element
pulse width
capacitor
width modulation
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KR20140098593A
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Korean (ko)
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백광현
정현수
황원준
응옥 손 팜
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중앙대학교 산학협력단
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Priority to KR20140098593A priority Critical patent/KR101487138B1/en
Priority to PCT/KR2014/012817 priority patent/WO2016017873A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

Provided are a DC-DC converter and a lamp generator included in the same, capable of attenuating cross regulation which is generated when a load size is changed. The DC-DC converter comprises: multiple transmission switches to transmit, to a first load and a second load, a charge outputted from supply power to supply the supply power to the first load and the second load and a charge stored in an inductor; and a control signal generation unit to generate a control signal to control ON/OFF of the transmission switches using a pulse width modulation signal. The control signal generation unit includes a pulse width modulation signal unit to generate the pulse width modulation signal, wherein the pulse width modulation signal unit includes a lamp generator to generate a triangle wave used to generate the pulse width modulation signal. The lamp generator includes a capacitor; a single current source; a first switching element having one end connected to the capacitor and the other end connected to the current source; a second switching element which is connected to the capacitor in parallel; and a controller to control ON/OFF of the first and second switching elements.

Description

DC-DC converter and ramp generator included therein [0002]

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a DC-DC converter and a ramp generator that supply a plurality of output voltages using one inductor, and more particularly to a DC regulator that generates a cross regulation DC converter and a ramp generator included in the DC-DC converter.

DC-DC converters with a single Inductor Dual Output (SIDO) structure that supplies multiple output voltages with a single inductor are increasing in demand as the size of a mobile device becomes smaller.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of a conventional DC-DC converter having a SIDO structure, and FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of a DC-DC converter according to FIG. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the on / off process of the transfer switch for applying the supply power to the load A and the on / off process of the transfer switch for applying the supply power to the load B are shown.

At this time, in order to broaden the power use range of the load, the conventional SIDO structure DC-DC converter uses a technique of changing the entire switching period. That is, the conventional SIDO structure DC-DC converter adjusts the switching period to increase the inductor current so that it can be applied to various loads.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing inductor currents before and after the switching cycle is changed in the DC-DC converter of FIG. 1; FIG.

More specifically, FIG. 3A shows the inductor current when power is supplied to the load without changing the switching period, and FIG. 3B shows the inductor current when the switching period is doubled. Fig. In this case, the load whose load size has been changed is referred to as a " first load ", and a load whose load size is not changed is referred to as a "second load ".

Referring to FIG. 3, both of FIGS. 3A and 3B show the amount of current to be supplied to the first load with increased load power is equal to "16ab" which is the width of the large triangle. In this case, the current amount of the second load, which is another load that is supplied with stable power, should also be the same in both FIGS. 3A and 3B (see the equation of FIG. 3). It can be seen from the calculation result that a time margin of about 3.5a occurs in the scheme shown in FIG. 3 (b) compared to the scheme (a) in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3 (b), when the switching period is doubled, the time for transmitting the same amount of power to the load is 4a

Figure 112014072927613-pat00001
in,
Figure 112014072927613-pat00002
Times. That is, if the switching period is increased n times,
Figure 112014072927613-pat00003
Times. An increase in the power supply time means an increase in pulse duty. This increase in duty can be achieved through the feedback system of the entire DC-DC converter.

However, the above-described conventional technique requires time for reaching a target duty. There is a problem that cross regulation occurs during this time. The cross regulation means that the output of the second load, which has maintained stable power, is affected when the switching period is increased due to an increase in the power consumption to the first load whose load size is changed.

In order to solve this problem, a DC-DC converter disclosed in a publication "A Wide-Load-Range Constant-Charge-Auto-Hopping Control Single-Inductor-Dual-Output Boost Regulator with Minimized Cross- Regulation" The average inductor current supplied to the second load is the same (i.e., the average inductor current before the switching period is changed and the average inductor current after the switching period are the same), and Thereby reducing cross regulation.

In other words, the current source of the lamp generator in the PWM control section, which controls on / off of the transfer switch provided in the DC-DC converter,

Figure 112014072927613-pat00004
By increasing the duty, the duty can be increased to the target duty within a short time, and the time required for the duty increase can be reduced, thereby reducing the cross regulation phenomenon.

4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a ramp generator included in a DC-DC converter according to a published paper.

Referring to FIG. 4A, the ramp generator includes a plurality of current sources and a plurality of switching elements, and one of the switches N [i] is turned on / off in accordance with the switching period to adjust the amount of current flowing in the ramp generator (See Fig. 4 (b)). That is, the same average inductor current (total charge amount) can be supplied by adjusting the slope of the inductor current in the time domain.

However, in the above structure, mismatch exists between a plurality of current sources, and there is a problem that a cross regulation phenomenon occurs due to mismatching.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a DC-DC converter including a DC-DC converter capable of attenuating a cross regulation caused when a load is changed, .

Other objects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examples.

In order to accomplish the above object, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an inductor comprising: an inductor connected to a power source; A plurality of transfer switches for transferring the charge output from the power source and the charge stored in the inductor to the first load and the second load for applying a power supply to the first load and the second load; And a control signal generator for generating a control signal for controlling ON / OFF of the plurality of transfer switches by using a pulse width modulation signal, wherein the control signal generator includes a pulse width modulation Wherein the pulse width modulated signal portion includes a ramp generator for generating a triangle wave used for generating the pulse width modulated signal, the ramp generator comprising: a capacitor; One current source; A first switching element having one end connected to the capacitor and the other end connected to the current source; A second switching device connected in parallel with the capacitor; And a controller for controlling ON / OFF of the first switching device and the second switching device.

Wherein the first load is a load whose load size is changed and the second load is a load whose load size is unchanged, the controller further comprises: a first switching element and a second switching element for applying a supply voltage to the first load, A first step of controlling ON / OFF of a switching element, and a second step of controlling ON / OFF of the first switching element and the second switching element to apply a power supply voltage to the second load, In the second step, the controller performs an operation A including an ON operation of the first switch element / an OFF operation of the second switch element, and then performs an operation A of the first switch element / The operation A and the operation B may be repeatedly performed N times (two or more integers) times.

Wherein when the load size of the first load is not changed, the DC-DC converter supplies power to the first load and the second load with a predetermined switching period, and when the load size of the first load is changed, DC converter supplies power to the first load and the second load by increasing the switching period by an integral multiple, and the integral multiple may be equal to the N times.

In the second step, when the load size of the first load is not changed, the controller performs an operation 1 including an ON operation of the first switch element / an OFF operation of the second switch element, 1 < / RTI > of the first switch element and the second switch element of the second switch element, wherein the execution time of the operation 1 is the same as the execution time of the operation A, and the execution time of the operation 2 and the operation B is the same can do.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a DC-DC converter including a DC-DC converter that applies a supply voltage to a first load and a second load with one inductor, and supplies the supply voltage to the first load and the second load CLAIMS What is claimed is: 1. A ramp generator for generating a triangle wave for generating a pulse width control signal for controlling on / off of a plurality of transfer switches for transferring, comprising: a capacitor; One current source; A first switching element having one end connected to the capacitor and the other end connected to the current source; A second switching device connected in parallel with the capacitor; And a controller for controlling on / off of the first switching device and the second switching device.

The DC-DC converter according to the present invention and the ramp generator included in the DC-DC converter can attenuate the cross regulation that occurs when the size of the load changes.

1 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of a conventional DC-DC converter having a SIDO structure.
FIG. 2 is a timing chart of the DC-DC converter of FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing inductor currents before and after the switching cycle is changed in the DC-DC converter of FIG. 1; FIG.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a ramp generator included in another conventional DC-DC converter.
5 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a pulse width modulation signal unit included in a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a ramp generator included in a pulse width modulation signal unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a view illustrating currents of inductors included in a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a diagram illustrating a simulation result of a DC-DC inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments, but includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. Like reference numerals are used for like elements in describing each drawing.

Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

5 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention is a DC-DC converter that supplies several output voltages to one inductor, for example, a DC-DC converter having a SIDO (Single Inductor Dual Output) structure. The DC-DC converter 500 includes one inductor 510, a plurality of switches 520, and a control signal generator 530.

5, the DC-DC converter 500 according to the present invention changes the load size of the first load connected to the DC-DC converter 500 in order to widen the power usage range of the load, It is assumed that the load size of the second load is not changed, and it is assumed that the use of the "switching cycle change technique" described in the background art is used.

Hereinafter, the function of each component will be described in detail.

Inductor 510 is connected with the power source (V g), and stores the charge output from the power source (V g).

The plurality of switches 520 are connected in series between the output of the power source V g and the charge stored in the inductor 510 to apply the supply power to the first load (load a) and the second load 1 load and the second load.

In addition, the control signal generator 530 generates control signals for controlling on / off of the plurality of transfer switches 520.

In detail, the control signal generator 530 includes a clock generator 531, a pulse width modulation controller 532, a frequency detection unit 533, a logic / Buffer (Logic & Buffers) 534 and a High Voltage Selector (535).

The clock generator 531 serves to provide a fundamental switching frequency that is the basis of the DC-DC converter 500, and the pulse width modulation signal unit 532 generates a pulse width modulation signal. The structure of the pulse width modulation signal unit 532 will be described in more detail below.

The high frequency voltage selector 533 detects the switching period and transfers the information to the pulse width modulation signal unit 532. The high voltage selector 534 selects the highest voltage among the input voltage and the two output voltages And controls the body of the pMOS.

In addition, the logic / buffer unit 535 allows the plurality of transfer switches 520 to operate in an orderly manner without overlapping, and is designed so that the power switch is operated properly (when the switch input signal is inputted, ). The logic / buffer unit 535 controls the ON / OFF control of the plurality of transfer switches 520 using the pulse width control signal output from the pulse width modulation signal unit 532 and the output signal output from the zero current detection And outputs a signal.

As an example, under the control of the logic / buffer unit 535, the plurality of transfer switches 520 may be switched from "S n ON S n OFF S a ON S a OFF S b ON S b OFF S fa → S f off → S n on ".

On the other hand, the pulse width modulation signal portion 532 for generating the pulse width modulation signal may have the structure shown in FIG.

More specifically, each of the two error amplifiers (EA) generates error information V ( ref ) based on the reference voltage Vrefa and the output voltages V oa and V ob of the DC-DC converter 500 EAa , and V EAb ). The comparators CMP a and CMP b generate pulse width control signals using the error information (V EAa , V EAb ) and the triangular wave output from the ramp generator 600.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a ramp generator 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

7, a ramp generator 600 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a capacitor C, a current source I, a first switching device S 1 , a second switching device S 2 , And a controller 610. The connection relationship between the devices will be described in more detail as follows.

The capacitor C stores the electric charge outputted from the current source I. To this end, the first switching element S 1 is located between the capacitor C and the current source I. That is, one end of the first switching element S 1 is connected to the capacitor C and the other end is connected to the current source I. The second switching element S 2 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C and functions to discharge the charge stored in the capacitor C.

The controller 610 controls ON / OFF of the first switching element S 1 and the second switching element S 2 to output a triangular wave.

In more detail, the controller 610 controls the ON / OFF of the first switching element and the second switching element to apply the power supply to the first load, and the " first process " And a "second process " for controlling the on / off states of the first switching device and the second switching device.

Particularly, in the present invention, it is aimed to attenuate the cross regulation experienced by the second load which does not change the size of the load. Therefore, the first process will not be described below, and only the second process will be described in detail.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the second process, the controller 610 sets the "operation A" including the ON operation of the first switch element S 1 / OFF operation of the second switch element S 2 Operation B "including the OFF operation of the first switch element S 1 / the ON operation of the second switch element S 2 can be performed. At this time, the operation A and the operation B can be repeatedly performed N times (two or more integers) times.

That is, in operation A, the first switch element S 1 is turned on and the second switch element S 2 is turned off, thereby forming the rising section waveform of the triangular wave. Further, in the operation B, the first switch element S 1 is turned off and the second switch element S 2 is turned on, thereby forming the falling section waveform of the triangular wave.

At this time, the number of repetitions (N times) of the operation A and the operation B may correspond to the magnitude of the switching period which is changed by an integer multiple. That is, according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the size of the first load is not changed, the DC-DC converter 500 supplies power to the first load and the second load with a predetermined switching period, When the size is changed, the DC-DC converter 500 supplies power to the first load and the second load by increasing the switching period by an integer multiple (similar to that shown in FIG. 3), but an integer multiple thereof may be equal to N times.

FIG. 8 shows currents of inductors included in the DC-DC converter 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 8A, when the switching cycle is changed twice in order to apply the changed supply power of the first load, the ramp generator 600 repeats the operation A and the operation B twice, The inductor current for applying the supply power to the second load may be formed as two triangles shown in black.

8B, when the switching cycle is changed three times in order to apply the changed supply power of the first load, the ramp generator 600 repeats the operation A and the operation B three times, Accordingly, the inductor current for applying the supply power to the second load can be formed as three triangles shown in black.

On the other hand, before the size of the first load is changed, when the size of the black triangle of the inductor current for applying the supply power to the second load and the size of the first load are changed so that the switching period is changed twice (A) of FIG. 8), when the size of the black triangle of the inductor current for applying the supply power to the second load and the size of the first load are changed so that the switching period is changed three times (FIG. 8 (b) The size of the black triangle of the inductor current for applying the supply power to the load may be the same.

That is, according to an embodiment of the present invention, in the case where the load size of the first load is not changed (the switching period is not changed), in the second process, the controller 500 sets the ON / Performing an operation 1 including an OFF operation of the second switch element and then performing an operation 2 including an OFF operation of a first switch element and an ON operation of a second switch element, And the execution time of operation 2 and operation B may be the same.

In summary, the DC-DC inductor 500 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention has an advantage that a cross-regulation phenomenon due to mismatch does not occur by using a "single current source" instead of using a plurality of current sources.

In addition, since the load to be increased in duty is a load having a change in power consumption, i.e., the first load, the duty corresponding to the first load is increased by using the feedback system, and the second load By using the structure of the ramp generator 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to eliminate the cross regulation phenomenon by repeating a number corresponding to a multiple of the increased switching period without changing duty.

9 is a diagram showing simulation results of the DC-DC inductor 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 shows a simulation result showing a voltage change amount of V ob based on 2.7 V when the load current supplied to V oa based on 3 V increases from 30 mA to 280 mA.

FIG. 9 (a) is a simulation result using a conventional method using a plurality of current sources. It is assumed that the mismatch between the current sources is 10%.

9B shows a simulation result when the structure of the DC-DC converter 500 according to the present invention is used.

Comparing the voltage variation V ob when the electric power supply V oa hayeoteul change, as shown in FIG. 9 (a) is from 2.7 V to 2.6 V, whereas a variation of about 100 mV, (b) of Figure 9 to 2.63 V , And the change amount is reduced by 30 mV by 70 mV.

As described above, the present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, such as specific elements, and limited embodiments and drawings. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above- Various modifications and variations may be made thereto by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Accordingly, the spirit of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described, and all of the equivalents or equivalents of the claims, as well as the following claims, belong to the scope of the present invention .

Claims (6)

One inductor connected to the power supply;
For transferring the charge output from the power source and the charge stored in the inductor to the first load and the second load for applying the supply power to the first load whose load size has been changed and the second load whose load size is unchanged A plurality of transfer switches;
And a control signal generator for generating a control signal for controlling on / off of the plurality of transfer switches by using a pulse width modulation signal,
Wherein the control signal generating unit includes a pulse width modulation signal unit for generating the pulse width modulation signal and the pulse width modulation signal unit includes a ramp generator for generating a triangle wave used for generating the pulse width modulation signal,
The ramp generator comprising: a capacitor; One current source; A first switching element having one end connected to the capacitor and the other end connected to the current source; A second switching device connected in parallel with the capacitor; And a controller for controlling ON / OFF of the first switching element and the second switching element,
The controller includes a first step of controlling on / off of the first switching element and the second switching element to apply a power supply voltage to the first load, 1 < / RTI > switching element and the second switching element;
In the second step, the controller performs an operation A including an ON operation of the first switching element / an OFF operation of the second switching element, and then performs an OFF operation of the first switching element / Wherein the operation A and the operation B are repeatedly performed N times (two or more integers) times. delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein when the load size of the first load is not changed, the DC-DC converter supplies power to the first load and the second load with a predetermined switching period, and when the load size of the first load is changed, DC converter supplies power to the first load and the second load by increasing the switching period by an integral multiple, and the integral multiple is equal to the N times. The method of claim 3,
In the second step, when the load size of the first load is not changed, the controller performs an operation 1 including an ON operation of the first switch element / an OFF operation of the second switch element, 1 < / RTI > operation including the OFF operation of one switch element and the ON operation of the second switch element,
Wherein the execution time of the operation 1 is the same as the execution time of the operation A, and the execution time of the operation 2 is the same as the execution time of the operation B. And a DC-DC converter that applies a supply voltage to a first load whose load size is changed by one inductor and whose load size is not changed, and which supplies the supply voltage to the first load and the second load A ramp generator for generating a triangle wave to generate a pulse width control signal for controlling on / off of a plurality of transfer switches
A capacitor;
One current source;
A first switching element having one end connected to the capacitor and the other end connected to the current source;
A second switching device connected in parallel with the capacitor; And
And a controller for controlling ON / OFF of the first switching element and the second switching element,
The controller includes a first step of controlling on / off of the first switching element and the second switching element to apply a power supply voltage to the first load, 1 < / RTI > switching element and the second switching element;
In the second step, the controller performs an operation A including an ON operation of the first switching element / an OFF operation of the second switching element, and then performs an OFF operation of the first switching element / On operation, wherein the operation A and the operation B are repeatedly performed N times (2 or more integers) times. delete
KR20140098593A 2014-07-31 2014-07-31 DC-DC converter and Ramp generator KR101487138B1 (en)

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