KR101386076B1 - organic-inorganic hybrid tandem multijuntion photovoltaics and preparing method for thereof - Google Patents
organic-inorganic hybrid tandem multijuntion photovoltaics and preparing method for thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101386076B1 KR101386076B1 KR1020120066336A KR20120066336A KR101386076B1 KR 101386076 B1 KR101386076 B1 KR 101386076B1 KR 1020120066336 A KR1020120066336 A KR 1020120066336A KR 20120066336 A KR20120066336 A KR 20120066336A KR 101386076 B1 KR101386076 B1 KR 101386076B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- organic
- layer
- solar cell
- inorganic
- poly
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 aluminum-tin oxide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 13
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002042 Silver nanowire Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PDQRQJVPEFGVRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NSN=C21 PDQRQJVPEFGVRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NUCIQEWGTLOQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4h-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophene Chemical compound S1C=CC2=C1C(SC=C1)=C1C2(CC(CC)CCCC)CC(CC)CCCC NUCIQEWGTLOQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JAONJTDQXUSBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dizinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Zn+2].[Zn+2] JAONJTDQXUSBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QERYCTSHXKAMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiophene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CS1 QERYCTSHXKAMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 202
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010277 boron hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Natural products CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004573 interface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022466—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/075—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PIN type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/548—Amorphous silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
본 발명은 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지 및 이의 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 구체적으로 기판; 상기 기판상에 형성된 투명전극층; 상기 투명전극층상에 적층된 무기계 광활성층; 상기 무기계 광활성층상에 적층된 산화인듐주석 전자수송층; 상기 전자수송층상에 적층된 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층; 상기 정공수송층상에 적층된 유기계 광활성층; 및 상기 유기계 광활성층상에 적층된 후면전극층을 포함하는 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지 및 이의 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 무기계 광활성층 및 유기계 광활성층 사이에 삽입된 산화인듐주석 전자수송층/폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층으로 이루어진 절연층은 무기태양전지와 유기태양전지 간의 저항접촉을 향상시킬 수 있고, 무기태양전지 및 유기태양전지에서 여기된 전자와 정공이 효과적으로 재결합할 수 있는 공간을 제공하여 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 광전변환효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과가 있다.The present invention relates to an organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same, specifically, a substrate; A transparent electrode layer formed on the substrate; An inorganic photoactive layer stacked on the transparent electrode layer; An indium tin oxide electron transport layer laminated on the inorganic photoactive layer; A poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer laminated on the electron transport layer; An organic photoactive layer laminated on the hole transport layer; And it relates to an organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell comprising a back electrode layer laminated on the organic photoactive layer and a method of manufacturing the same. Indium tin oxide electron transport layer / poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT :) interposed between an inorganic photoactive layer and an organic photoactive layer of an organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention PSS) The insulating layer composed of a hole transport layer can improve the resistance contact between the inorganic solar cell and the organic solar cell, and provides a space for effectively recombining the electrons and holes excited in the inorganic solar cell and the organic solar cell. There is an effect that can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the inorganic composite tandem solar cell.
Description
본 발명은 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지 및 이의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.
The present invention relates to an organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same.
화석연료의 고갈에 대응하기 위하여 대체에너지원 발굴에 대한 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 특히 태양광발전의 핵심기술인 태양전지(Solar Cell)가 차세대 청정 에너지원으로서 수십 년간 연구가 진행되고 있다.
In order to cope with the depletion of fossil fuels, the need for discovering alternative energy sources is increasing. In particular, solar cells, a key technology for photovoltaic power generation, have been researched for decades as the next generation of clean energy sources.
태양전지는 빛을 흡수하는 두 개 이상의 반도체물질 층으로 구성된다. 태양전지는 p-n 접합을 이루는 반도체 다이오드에 빛을 조사하면 광자가 흡수되어 전자/정공쌍이 생성되고 두 개의 다른 물질의 접합부에서 전위차가 발생함으로써 전류가 흐른다.
Solar cells consist of two or more layers of semiconductor material that absorb light. In solar cells, when light is irradiated to a semiconductor diode forming a pn junction, photons are absorbed to generate electron / hole pairs, and a current flows by generating a potential difference at a junction of two different materials.
종래 태양전지는 단결정 또는 다결정 실리콘 태양전지가 대부분이었다. 그러나, 실리콘 소재의 공급 불안정화가 심화되고 있고, 수급 불균형에 의한 고비용 문제가 발생하고 있어 이를 대체하기 위한 새로운 태양전지를 개발하게 되었다.
Conventional solar cells are mostly monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon solar cells. However, supply destabilization of silicon materials is intensifying, and there is a problem of high cost due to supply and demand imbalance. Thus, new solar cells have been developed to replace them.
실리콘 태양전지의 대안으로서 유리, 스테인레스 스틸과 같은 금속 또는 유연한 플라스틱 기판 상부에 반도체 박막을 증착시킨 박막형 태양전지가 주목받고 있다.
As an alternative to silicon solar cells, attention has been paid to thin film solar cells in which a semiconductor thin film is deposited on a metal or flexible plastic substrate such as glass, stainless steel, or the like.
박막형 태양전지는 기판상에 전면전극을 형성시키고, 상기 전면전극 상부에 실리콘과 같은 반도체층을 형성시키고, 상기 반도체층 상부에 후면전극을 형성시켜 제조된다. 박막형 태양전지는 대량생산이 가능하고, 재료와 에너지를 적게 사용하기 때문에 제조단가를 크게 낮출 수 있는 장점이 있다.
The thin film solar cell is manufactured by forming a front electrode on a substrate, forming a semiconductor layer such as silicon on the front electrode, and forming a rear electrode on the semiconductor layer. Thin-film solar cells can be mass-produced, and because they use less materials and energy, the manufacturing cost can be significantly lowered.
이러한, 박막형 태양전지 중 탠덤형 구조(Tandem structure)를 갖는 태양전지는 서로 다른 광학 밴드갭(Optical Bandgap)을 갖는 물질을 2층 이상으로 형성한 구조이다. 구체적으로, 탠덤형 구조를 갖는 태양전지는 태양광이 먼저 흡수되는 상부에 높은 밴드갭을 갖는 물질로 이루어진 반도체층(Top Cell)이 구비되고, 그 하부에는 상대적으로 낮은 밴드갭을 갖는 물질로 이루어진 반도체층(Bottom Cell)이 구비된 구조를 갖는다. 그러나, 박막형 태양전지는 기판형 태양전지보다 광전변환효율이 낮은 문제가 있어, 이를 해결하기 위한 연구들이 진행되고 있다.
Among the thin film solar cells, the solar cell having a tandem structure has a structure in which two or more layers of materials having different optical bandgaps are formed. Specifically, a solar cell having a tandem structure is provided with a semiconductor layer (Top Cell) made of a material having a high bandgap on the top of which the sunlight is first absorbed, and a material having a relatively low bandgap beneath it. It has a structure provided with a semiconductor layer (Bottom Cell). However, the thin-film solar cell has a problem of lower photoelectric conversion efficiency than the substrate-type solar cell, and studies for solving this problem are being conducted.
최근에는 이러한 탠덤형 구조를 갖는 태양전지의 효율을 향상시키기 위하여, 장파장의 빛을 흡수하는 유기재료와 광전변환효율이 우수한 무기재료를 복합한 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지가 연구되고 있다. 구체적으로, 상기 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지는 유기재료와 무기재료를 혼용한 이종접합 구조이며, 유기물질의 장점 및 무기물질의 장점에 의해 각각의 단점을 상호 보완함으로써 태양전지의 광전변환효율 및 사용수명을 향상시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다.
Recently, in order to improve the efficiency of a solar cell having such a tandem type structure, an organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell in which an organic material absorbing long wavelengths and an inorganic material having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency has been studied. Specifically, the organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell is a heterojunction structure in which organic materials and inorganic materials are mixed, and each photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved by complementing each disadvantage by the advantages of the organic material and the inorganic material. There is an advantage to improve the service life.
유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지는 다른 흡수 대역을 가진 셀을 사용하여 태양광의 스펙트럼을 효율적으로 흡수하므로, 광전변환효율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 그러나, 다른 흡수 대역을 가진 셀을 단순히 조합하는 것만으로는 광전변환효율을 향상시키는데 어려움이 있다. 따라서, 상기 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 광전변환효율을 향상시키기 위해서는 두 셀의 결합 일치 정도, 계면 혼합층 유무, 각각의 셀 간의 조합 등을 고려해야 한다.
Organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cells efficiently absorb the spectrum of sunlight using cells with different absorption bands, thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, it is difficult to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency by simply combining cells having different absorption bands. Therefore, in order to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic-inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell, the degree of coupling coincidence of two cells, the presence or absence of an interfacial mixture layer, and the combination of each cell should be considered.
이에, 본 발명자들은 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 광전변환효율을 향상시키기 위한 방법을 연구하던 중, 유기태양전지 및 무기태양전지 사이에 삽입된 산화인듐주석 전자수송층/폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층으로 이루어진 절연층(interlayer)은 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지를 구성하는 무기태양전지 및 유기태양전지 각각에서 생성되는 전자와 정공이 재결합할 수 있는 영역을 효율적으로 제공하여 무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 광전변환효율을 향상시킬 수 있음을 알아내고 본 발명을 완성하였다.
Therefore, while the inventors of the present invention are studying a method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cells, an indium tin oxide electron transport layer / poly (3,4-ethylene intercalated between an organic solar cell and an inorganic solar cell Deoxythiophene): Poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) The interlayer consists of an electron transporting hole and an organic solar cell. The present invention was completed by finding that the recombinable region can be efficiently provided to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the inorganic composite tandem solar cell.
본 발명의 목적은 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지 및 이의 제조방법을 제공하는 데 있다.
An object of the present invention is to provide an organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same.
상기의 과제를 해결하기 위해, 본 발명은,In order to solve the above problems, the present invention,
기판;Board;
상기 기판상에 형성된 투명전극층;A transparent electrode layer formed on the substrate;
상기 투명전극층상에 적층된 무기계 광활성층;An inorganic photoactive layer stacked on the transparent electrode layer;
상기 무기계 광활성층상에 적층된 산화인듐주석 전자수송층;An indium tin oxide electron transport layer laminated on the inorganic photoactive layer;
상기 전자수송층상에 적층된 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층; A poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer laminated on the electron transport layer;
상기 정공수송층상에 적층된 유기계 광활성층; 및An organic photoactive layer laminated on the hole transport layer; And
상기 유기계 광활성층상에 적층된 후면전극층을 포함하는 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지를 제공한다.
Provided is an organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell including a back electrode layer stacked on the organic photoactive layer.
또한, 본 발명은, Further, according to the present invention,
기판상에 투명전극층을 코팅하는 단계(단계 1);Coating a transparent electrode layer on the substrate (step 1);
상기 투명전극층 상부에 무기계 광활성층을 적층하는 단계(단계 2);Stacking an inorganic photoactive layer on the transparent electrode layer (step 2);
상기 무기계 광활성층 상부에 산화인듐주석 전자수송층을 적층하는 단계(단계 3);Stacking an indium tin oxide electron transport layer on the inorganic photoactive layer (step 3);
상기 전자수송층 상부에 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층을 적층하는 단계(단계 4);Stacking a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer on the electron transport layer (step 4);
상기 정공수송층 상부에 유기계 광활성층을 적층하는 단계(단계 5); 및Stacking an organic photoactive layer on the hole transport layer (step 5); And
상기 유기계 광활성층 상부에 후면전극층을 적층하는 단계(단계 6)를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 제조방법을 제공한다.
It provides a method of manufacturing an organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell comprising the step (step 6) of laminating a back electrode layer on the organic photoactive layer.
본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 무기계 광활성층 및 유기계 광활성층 사이에 삽입된 산화인듐주석 전자수송층/폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층으로 이루어진 절연층은 무기태양전지와 유기태양전지 간의 저항접촉을 향상시킬 수 있고, 무기태양전지 및 유기태양전지에서 여기된 전자와 정공이 효과적으로 재결합할 수 있는 공간을 제공하여 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 광전변환효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과가 있다.
Indium tin oxide electron transport layer / poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT :) interposed between an inorganic photoactive layer and an organic photoactive layer of an organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention PSS) The insulating layer composed of a hole transport layer can improve the resistance contact between the inorganic solar cell and the organic solar cell, and provides a space for effectively recombining the electrons and holes excited in the inorganic solar cell and the organic solar cell. There is an effect that can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the inorganic composite tandem solar cell.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 실시예 1에서 제조된 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지를 투과전자현미경(TEM)으로 촬영한 사진이다.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 실시예 1에서 제조된 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지를 에너지분산 X선 분광기(EDX)로 분석한 결과이다(전체).
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 실시예 1에서 제조된 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지를 에너지 분산 X선 분광기(EDX)로 분석한 결과이다(성분 분석).
도 4는 본 발명에 따른 실시예 1, 비교예 1 및 비교예 2에서 제조된 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 전압에 대한 전류밀도를 측정한 결과를 나타낸 것이다.
도 5는 본 발명에 따른 실시예 1 및 비교예 1에서 제조된 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 임피던스 측정 결과를 나타낸 콜-콜 그래프를 도시한 것이다.1 is a photograph taken with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) of the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell prepared in Example 1 according to the present invention.
2 is a result of analyzing the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell prepared in Example 1 according to the present invention with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) (total).
3 is a result of analyzing the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell prepared in Example 1 according to the present invention by an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) (component analysis).
Figure 4 shows the results of measuring the current density against the voltage of the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cells prepared in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 according to the present invention.
Figure 5 shows a call-call graph showing the impedance measurement results of the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cells prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 according to the present invention.
본 발명은,According to the present invention,
기판;Board;
상기 기판상에 적층된 투명전극층;A transparent electrode layer stacked on the substrate;
상기 투명전극층상에 적층된 무기계 광활성층;An inorganic photoactive layer stacked on the transparent electrode layer;
상기 무기계 광활성층상에 적층된 산화인듐주석 전자수송층;An indium tin oxide electron transport layer laminated on the inorganic photoactive layer;
상기 전자수송층상에 적층된 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층; A poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer laminated on the electron transport layer;
상기 정공수송층상에 적층된 유기계 광활성층; 및An organic photoactive layer laminated on the hole transport layer; And
상기 유기계 광활성층상에 적층된 후면전극층을 포함하는 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지를 제공한다.
Provided is an organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell including a back electrode layer stacked on the organic photoactive layer.
이하, 본 발명의 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지에 대하여 상세히 설명한다.
Hereinafter, the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell of the present invention will be described in detail.
본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지에 있어서, 상기 기판으로는 유리, 플라스틱 기판 등을 사용할 수 있다. 상기 기판은 빛이 일차적으로 입사되는 부분으로서 빛의 투과율이 우수함과 동시에 제조되는 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지 내에서의 내부 단락을 방지할 수 있도록 투명절연성 재질을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.
In the organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention, glass, a plastic substrate, or the like can be used as the substrate. Preferably, the substrate is made of a transparent insulating material so as to prevent internal short-circuiting in the organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell, which is excellent in transmittance of light as a primary incident light.
다음으로, 본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지에 있어서, 상기 투명전극층은 기판 상부에 적층된다. 상기 투명전극층으로는 알루미늄이 도핑된 산화아연(AZO; Aluminium-zinc oxide; ZnO:Al), 산화인듐주석(ITO;indium-tin oxide), 산화아연(ZnO), 산화알루미늄주석(ATO;Aluminium-tin oxide; SnO2:Al), 불소함유 산화주석(FTO: Fluorine-doped tin oxide), 은 나노와이어, 그래핀(graphene), 탄소나노튜브, PEDOT:PSS 등을 단독 또는 이를 혼합하여 사용할 수 있으며, 바람직하게는 알루미늄이 도핑된 산화아연(AZO)를 사용할 수 있다. 상기 투명전극층은 외부로부터 입사되는 빛을 광흡수층으로 통과시키는 역할을 한다.
Next, in the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention, the transparent electrode layer is laminated on the substrate. The transparent electrode layer may be aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), aluminum-zinc oxide (ZnO: Al), indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or aluminum tin oxide (ATO). tin oxide; SnO 2 : Al), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), silver nanowires, graphene, carbon nanotubes, PEDOT: PSS, etc. may be used alone or in combination thereof. Preferably, aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) may be used. The transparent electrode layer serves to pass light incident from the outside to the light absorbing layer.
다음으로, 본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지에 있어서, 상기 무기계 광활성층은 투명전극층 상부에 적층된다. 상기 무기계 광활성층으로는 비정질 실리콘을 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 상기 무기계 광활성층은 p형 비정질 실리콘층/i형 비정질 실리콘층/n형 비정질 실리콘이 순서대로 적층된 구조를 가질 수 있다. 상기 무기계 광활성층은 빛을 받으면 전자 및 정공을 생성한다. 예를 들면, p형/i형/n형 구조는 i층이 p층과 n층에 의해 공핍되어 내부에 전기장이 발생하게 되면, 태양광에 의해 생성되는 정공 및 전자가 상기 전기장에 의해 드리프트되어 각각 p층과 n층에서 수집된다. 또한, 무기계 광활성층을 사용하게 되면, 종래 유기계 광활성층 만을 사용했을 때보다 스퍼터링, 동일한 용매를 이용한 유기계 광활성층의 코팅, 플라즈마 또는 자외선과 같은 표면처리과정에 의해 셀이 손상되는 것을 방지할 수 있다.
Next, in the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention, the inorganic photoactive layer is laminated on the transparent electrode layer. Amorphous silicon may be used as the inorganic photoactive layer. In addition, the inorganic photoactive layer may have a structure in which a p-type amorphous silicon layer / i-type amorphous silicon layer / n-type amorphous silicon is sequentially stacked. The inorganic photoactive layer generates electrons and holes upon receiving light. For example, in the p-type / i-type / n-type structure, when the i layer is depleted by the p layer and the n layer to generate an electric field therein, holes and electrons generated by sunlight are drift by the electric field. Collected in p and n layers, respectively. In addition, when the inorganic photoactive layer is used, the cell may be prevented from being damaged by sputtering, coating of the organic photoactive layer using the same solvent, or surface treatment such as plasma or ultraviolet rays, than using the conventional organic photoactive layer alone. .
다음으로, 본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지에 있어서, 산화인듐주석(이하, ITO) 전자수송층은 무기계 광활성층 상부에 적층된다. 상기 ITO는 고투명성을 가져 넓은 밴드갭을 갖는 반도체층(Top Cell)에 도달하는 빛의 세기가 커 반도체층의 광전류흐름을 증가시킬 수 있는 특징이 있다.
Next, in the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention, an indium tin oxide (hereinafter referred to as ITO) electron transport layer is laminated on the inorganic photoactive layer. The ITO has a high transparency, and the light intensity reaching the semiconductor layer (Top Cell) having a wide band gap is large, so that the photocurrent flow of the semiconductor layer can be increased.
다음으로, 본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지에 있어서, 상기 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(이하, PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층은 상기 ITO 전자수송층 상부에 적층된다. 상기 PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층은 고전도성 고분자로서, 전자보다 정공을 운반하는데 용이하여 정공수송층의 역할을 한다.
Next, in the organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention, the poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (hereinafter referred to as PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer is the ITO electron transport layer. Stacked on top. The PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer is a highly conductive polymer, and is easier to transport holes than electrons, thus serving as a hole transport layer.
본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지에 있어서, 무기태양전지로부터 방출되는 전자와 유기태양전지로부터 방출되는 정공은 상기 ITO 전자수송층/PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층(이하, 절연층)의 계면에서 결합한다.
In the organic-inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell according to the present invention, electrons emitted from an inorganic solar cell and holes emitted from an organic solar cell are bonded at an interface of the ITO electron transport layer / PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer (hereinafter, referred to as an insulating layer). do.
상기 무기계 광활성층 상부에 순서대로 적층되는 ITO 전자수송층/PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층은 절연층(interlayer)으로서, 본 발명의 무기태양전지 및 유기태양전지간의 저항접촉을 향상시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 무기태양전지에서 여기된 전자와 유기태양전지에서 여기된 정공이 효과적으로 재결합할 수 있는 공간을 제공해주는 역할을 한다. 따라서, 본 발명의 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지는 상기 ITO 전자수송층/PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층으로 이루어진 절연층이 삽입됨으로써 광전변환효율이 향상되는 특징이 있다.
The ITO electron transport layer / PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer, which is sequentially stacked on the inorganic photoactive layer, is an interlayer, and may not only improve resistance contact between the inorganic solar cell and the organic solar cell of the present invention, but also the inorganic solar cell. The electrons excited in the cell and the holes excited in the organic solar cell provide a space for effective recombination. Therefore, the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell of the present invention is characterized in that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved by inserting an insulating layer made of the ITO electron transport layer / PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer.
다음으로, 본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지에 있어서, 상기 유기계 광활성층은 상기 PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층 상부에 형성된다. 상기 유기계 광활성층으로는 장파장의 빛을 흡수하는 밴드갭이 작은 유기재료를 사용할 수 있으며, PBDTTT-C(poly[4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-[alkyl thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate]-2,6-diyl), PTB7 (Poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]]), PCPDTBT (poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b'] dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]), PC61BM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester), PC71BM 등을 단독 또는 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다.
Next, in the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention, the organic photoactive layer is formed on the PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer. As the organic photoactive layer, an organic material having a small bandgap that absorbs light having a long wavelength may be used, and PBDTTT-C (poly [4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo [1,2-b: 4,5-b ']) may be used. dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt- [alkyl thieno [3,4-b] thiophene-2-carboxylate] -2,6-diyl), PTB7 (Poly [[4,8-bis [(2-ethylhexyl) oxy] benzo [1,2-b: 4,5-b '] dithiophene-2,6-diyl] [3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl] thieno [3,4-b] thiophenediyl] ]), PCPDTBT (poly [2,6- (4,4-bis- (2-ethylhexyl) -4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b; 3,4-b '] dithiophene) -alt-4,7- (2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]), PC 61 BM ([6,6] -phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester), PC 71 BM and the like can be used alone or in combination.
다음으로, 본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지에 있어서, 상기 후면전극층은 상기 유기계 광활성층 상부에 형성된다. 상기 후면전극층으로는 알루미늄, 은, 금, 크롬, 팔라듐, 그래핀, 탄소나노튜브, 은 나노와이어 등을 단독으로 사용할 수 있다. 상기 후면전극층은 상기 나열한 각각의 층을 통과한 태양광을 다시 반사시켜 태양광이 무기계 광활성층으로 재입사시키는 역할을 한다.
Next, in the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention, the back electrode layer is formed on the organic photoactive layer. As the back electrode layer, aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, palladium, graphene, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, or the like may be used alone. The back electrode layer serves to re-reflect the sunlight passing through each of the layers listed above to re-inject the sunlight into the inorganic photoactive layer.
또한, 본 발명은, Further, according to the present invention,
기판상에 투명전극층을 적층하는 단계(단계 1);Stacking a transparent electrode layer on the substrate (step 1);
상기 투명전극층 상부에 무기계 광활성층을 적층하는 단계(단계 2);Stacking an inorganic photoactive layer on the transparent electrode layer (step 2);
상기 무기계 광활성층 상부에 산화인듐주석 전자수송층을 적층하는 단계(단계 3);Stacking an indium tin oxide electron transport layer on the inorganic photoactive layer (step 3);
상기 전자수송층 상부에 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층을 적층하는 단계(단계 4);Stacking a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer on the electron transport layer (step 4);
상기 정공수송층 상부에 유기계 광활성층을 적층하는 단계(단계 5); 및Stacking an organic photoactive layer on the hole transport layer (step 5); And
상기 유기계 광활성층 상부에 후면전극층을 적층하는 단계(단계 6)를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 제조방법을 제공한다.
It provides a method of manufacturing an organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell comprising the step (step 6) of laminating a back electrode layer on the organic photoactive layer.
이하, 본 발명의 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 제조방법을 각 단계별로 상세히 설명한다.
Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell of the present invention will be described in detail for each step.
본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 제조방법에 있어서, 상기 단계 1은 기판상에 투명전극층을 적층하는 단계이다.
In the method of manufacturing an organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention,
상기 기판으로는 유리, 플라스틱 기판 등을 사용할 수 있다. 상기 기판상에 투명전극층을 적층하는 방법으로는 스퍼터링과 같은 통상적인 방법을 사용할 수 있다.
As the substrate, glass, a plastic substrate, or the like can be used. As a method of laminating the transparent electrode layer on the substrate, a conventional method such as sputtering may be used.
상기 기판상에 적층되는 투명전극층은 태양광이 기판쪽에서 조사되므로 투명도가 높은 물질일수록 유리하다. 상기 투명전극층으로는 알루미늄이 도핑된 산화아연(AZO; Aluminium-zinc oxide;ZnO:Al), 산화인듐주석(ITO;indium-tin oxide), 산화아연(ZnO), 산화알루미늄주석(ATO;Aluminium-tin oxide; SnO2:Al), 불소함유 산화주석(FTO: Fluorine-doped tin oxide), 은 나노와이어, 그래핀(graphene), 탄소나노튜브, PEDOT:PSS 등을 단독 또는 이를 혼합하여 사용할 수 있으며, 바람직하게는 알루미늄이 도핑된 산화아연(AZO)를 사용할 수 있다.
The transparent electrode layer laminated on the substrate is advantageous as the material having high transparency because sunlight is irradiated from the substrate side. The transparent electrode layer may be aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), aluminum-zinc oxide (ZnO: Al), indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or aluminum tin oxide (ATO). tin oxide; SnO 2 : Al), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), silver nanowires, graphene, carbon nanotubes, PEDOT: PSS, etc. may be used alone or in combination thereof. Preferably, aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) may be used.
다음으로, 상기 단계 2는 투명전극층 상부에 무기계 광활성층을 적층하는 단계이다.
Next,
상기 투명전극층 상부에 무기계 광활성층을 적층하는 방법으로는 플라즈마화학기상증착법(Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, PECVD) 등을 사용할 수 있다.
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) may be used as a method of stacking the inorganic photoactive layer on the transparent electrode layer.
상기 무기계 광활성층은 투명전극층 상부에 p형 비정질 실리콘층, i(intrinsic)형 비정질 실리콘층 및 n형 비정질 실리콘층 각각이 순서대로 적층된 구조일 수 있다. 구체적으로 상기 p형 비정질 실리콘은 3가 원소인 붕소, 칼륨과 같은 원소가 도핑된 비정질 실리콘을 의미하고, i형 비정질 실리콘은 어떠한 불순물도 첨가되지 않은 비정질 실리콘을 의미하고, n형 비정질 실리콘은 5가 원소인 인, 비소, 안티몬과 같은 원소가 도핑된 비정질 실리콘을 의미한다.
The inorganic photoactive layer may have a structure in which a p-type amorphous silicon layer, an i (intrinsic) type amorphous silicon layer, and an n-type amorphous silicon layer are sequentially stacked on the transparent electrode layer. Specifically, the p-type amorphous silicon refers to amorphous silicon doped with elements such as boron and potassium, which are trivalent elements, the i-type amorphous silicon refers to amorphous silicon to which no impurities are added, and the n-type amorphous silicon is 5 It refers to amorphous silicon doped with elements such as phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony.
예를 들면, 상기 무기계 광활성층은 투명전극층 상부에 p형 비정질 실리콘층을 플라즈마화학기상증착법을 이용하여 적층시키고, 상기 p형 비정질 실리콘층 상부에 i형 비정질 실리콘층을 플라즈마화학기상증착법을 이용하여 적층시키고, 상기 i형 비정질 실리콘층 상부에 n형 비정질 실리콘층을 플라즈마화학기상증착법을 이용하여 적층시켜 형성될 수 있다.
For example, the inorganic photoactive layer may be formed by depositing a p-type amorphous silicon layer on the transparent electrode layer using a plasma chemical vapor deposition method, and an i-type amorphous silicon layer on the p-type amorphous silicon layer by using a plasma chemical vapor deposition method. The n-type amorphous silicon layer may be stacked on the i-type amorphous silicon layer by using plasma chemical vapor deposition.
다음으로, 상기 단계 3은 무기계 광활성층 상부에 산화인듐주석(ITO) 전자수송층을 적층하는 단계이다.
Next,
상기 무기계 광활성층 상부에 산화인듐주석 전자수송층을 적층하는 방법으로는 마그네트론 스퍼터링(magnetron sputtering)과 같은 방법을 사용할 수 있다.
As a method of stacking the indium tin oxide electron transport layer on the inorganic photoactive layer, a method such as magnetron sputtering may be used.
다음으로, 상기 단계 4는 전자수송층 상부에 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층을 적층하는 단계이다.
Next,
상기 전자수송층 상부에 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층을 적층하는 방법으로는 스핀코팅과 같은 방법을 사용할 수 있다.
As a method of laminating a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer on the electron transport layer, a method such as spin coating may be used.
다음으로, 상기 단계 5는 정공수송층 상부에 유기계 광활성층을 적층하는 단계이다.
Next,
상기 정공수송층 상부에 유기계 광활성층을 적층하는 방법으로는 스핀코팅과 같은 방법을 사용할 수 있다.
As a method of laminating the organic photoactive layer on the hole transport layer, a method such as spin coating may be used.
상기 정공수송층 상부에 적층되는 유기계 광활성층으로는 PBDTTT-C(poly[4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-[alkyl thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate]-2,6-diyl), PTB7 (Poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]]), PCPDTBT (poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b'] dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]), PC61BM [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester), PC71BM 등을 단독 또는 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다.
The organic photoactive layer stacked on the hole transport layer is PBDTTT-C (poly [4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo [1,2-b: 4,5-b '] dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt- [ alkyl thieno [3,4-b] thiophene-2-carboxylate] -2,6-diyl), PTB7 (Poly [[4,8-bis [(2-ethylhexyl) oxy] benzo [1,2-b: 4 , 5-b '] dithiophene-2,6-diyl] [3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl] thieno [3,4-b] thiophenediyl]]), PCPDTBT (poly [2,6- (4,4-bis- (2-ethylhexyl) -4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b; 3,4-b '] dithiophene) -alt-4,7- (2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]) , PC 61 BM [6,6] -phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester), PC 71 BM and the like can be used alone or in combination.
다음으로, 상기 단계 6은 유기계 광활성층 상부에 후면전극층을 적층하는 단계이다.
Next, step 6 is a step of stacking the back electrode layer on the organic photoactive layer.
상기 유기계 광활성층 상부에 후면전극층을 적층하는 방법으로는 열증착법, 진공증착법과 같은 방법을 사용할 수 있다.
As a method of stacking the rear electrode layer on the organic photoactive layer, a method such as thermal deposition or vacuum deposition may be used.
상기 유기계 광활성층 상부에 적층되는 후면전극층으로는 알루미늄, 은, 금, 크롬, 팔라듐, 그래핀, 탄소나노튜브, 은 나노와이어 등을 단독으로 사용할 수 있다.
Aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, palladium, graphene, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, and the like may be used as the back electrode layer stacked on the organic photoactive layer.
또한, 본 발명은 상기 제조방법으로 제조되며, 기판상에 투명전극층/무기계 광활성층/산화인듐주석 전자수송층/폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층/유기계 광활성층/후면전극층이 순서대로 적층된 구조를 갖는 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지를 제공한다.
In addition, the present invention is prepared by the above production method, the transparent electrode layer / inorganic-free photoactive layer / indium tin oxide electron transport layer / poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS on the substrate ) Provides an organic / inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell having a structure in which a hole transport layer / organic photoactive layer / back electrode layer is sequentially stacked.
탠덤태양전지는 하부 투명전극을 통해 태양빛이 조사되면, 밴드갭이 큰 하부 셀에서 단파장의 빛을 흡수하고, 밴드갭이 작은 상부 셀에서 하부 셀을 통과한 장파장 영역의 빛을 흡수한다. 이 때, 저항의 증가 없이 이상적으로 두 단위 셀을 직렬 연결하게 되면 광전류는 동일하게 흐르고, 전체 셀의 개방회로전압(Voc)이 증가하여 (Voc = Voc ,1 + Voc ,2) 효율을 크게 향상시킬 수 있다.
When the tandem solar cell is irradiated with sunlight through the lower transparent electrode, the light absorbs short wavelengths in the lower cell having a large band gap, and absorbs light in the long wavelength region passing through the lower cell in the upper cell having a small band gap. At this time, if two unit cells are ideally connected in series without increasing the resistance, the photocurrent flows in the same way, and the open circuit voltage (V oc ) of all cells increases (V oc = V oc , 1 + V oc , 2 ). The efficiency can be greatly improved.
따라서, 본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지는 무기계 광활성층 및 유기계 광활성층 사이에 산화인듐주석 전자수송층/폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층으로 이루어진 절연층을 포함함으로써, 무기태양전지 및 유기태양전지에서 여기된 전자와 정공이 효과적으로 재결합할 수 있는 공간이 형성되어, 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 광전변환효율이 향상되는 장점이 있다.
Therefore, in the organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention, an indium tin oxide electron transport layer / poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT :) between an inorganic photoactive layer and an organic photoactive layer By including an insulating layer made of a PSS) hole transport layer, a space for effectively recombining the electrons and holes excited in the inorganic solar cell and organic solar cell is formed, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell There is an advantage.
이하, 본 발명의 실시예를 통해 더욱 상세히 설명한다. 단, 하기 실시예는 본 발명을 예시하는 것일 뿐 본 발명의 내용이 하기 실시예에 의해 한정되는 것은 아니다.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail. However, the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
<<
실시예Example
1> 1>
ITOITO
전자수송층Electron transport layer
//
PEDOTPEDOT
::
PSSPSS
정공수송층으로To the hole transport layer
이루어진 Made
절연층이The insulating layer
삽입된 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지 Organic / Inorganic Composite Tandem Solar Cell Inserted
단계 1. 기판을 준비하는 단계
알루미늄이 도핑된 산화아연(AZO)이 500 ㎚ ~ 1 ㎛ 두께로 적층된 유리기판을 아세톤 또는 이소프로필 알코올을 이용하여 세척하거나 산소 분위기에서 자외선을 조사하여 표면처리(UVO) 하였다.
A glass substrate on which aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) has been deposited to a thickness of 500 nm to 1 μm was subjected to surface treatment (UVO) by washing with acetone or isopropyl alcohol or irradiating ultraviolet rays in an oxygen atmosphere.
단계 2. 무기계 광활성층을 적층하는 단계
다음으로, 플라즈마화학기상증착법(plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, PECVP)을 이용하여 상기 알루미늄이 도핑된 산화아연층(AZO) 상부에 p형 비정질 실리콘층/i형 비정질 실리콘층/n형 비정질 실리콘층을 각각 10 ㎚/100 ㎚/25 ㎚ 두께로 적층하였다.Next, p-type amorphous silicon layer / i-type amorphous silicon layer / n-type amorphous silicon layer on the aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer (AZO) using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVP). Were laminated to a thickness of 10 nm / 100 nm / 25 nm, respectively.
상기 i형 비정질 실리콘층은 실란(SiH4) 및 수소(H2)의 혼합물로부터 얻었고, 상기 i형 비정질 실리콘을 구성하는 혼합물에 수소화붕소(BH4) 및 인화수소(PH3)를 각각 첨가하여 p형 비정질 실리콘 및 n형 비정질 실리콘을 얻었다.
The i-type amorphous silicon layer was obtained from a mixture of silane (SiH 4 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ), boron hydride (BH 4 ) and hydrogen fluoride (PH 3 ) were added to the mixture constituting the i-type amorphous silicon p-type amorphous silicon and n-type amorphous silicon were obtained.
단계 3. ITO 전자수송층을 적층하는 단계
다음으로, 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 상기 n형 비정질 실리콘층 상부에 산화인듐주석(ITO) 전자수송층을 50 ㎚ 두께로 적층하였다.
Next, an indium tin oxide (ITO) electron transport layer was deposited to a thickness of 50 nm on the n-type amorphous silicon layer by using the magnetron sputtering method.
단계 4. PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층을 적층하는 단계
다음으로, 스핀코팅법을 이용하여 ITO 전자수송층 상부에 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층을 70 ㎚로 적층하였다. 상기 단계 완료 후, 150 ℃에서 1 분 동안 건조시켰다.
Next, a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer was stacked at 70 nm on the ITO electron transport layer by spin coating. After completion of the above step, it was dried at 150 DEG C for 1 minute.
단계 5. 유기계 광활성층을 적층하는 단계
다음으로, 스핀코팅법을 이용하여 PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층 상부에 PBDTTT-C:PCBM(중량비, 1:2)과 디클로로벤젠수용액(농도, 2 중량%)과 혼합한 용액을 80 ~ 100 ㎚ 두께로 적층하였다. 상기 단계 완료 후, 상온에서 10 분간 건조시켰다.
Next, using a spin coating method, a solution in which PBDTTT-C: PCBM (weight ratio 1: 2) and dichlorobenzene aqueous solution (concentration, 2 wt%) was mixed on the PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer to a thickness of 80 to 100 nm. Laminated. After completion of the above step, it was dried at room temperature for 10 minutes.
단계 6. 후면전극층을 적층하는 단계Step 6. Laminating the back electrode layer
다음으로, 열증착법을 이용하여 상기 PBDTTT-C:PCBM 상부에 알루미늄층을 100 ㎚ 두께로 적층하였다.
Next, an aluminum layer was deposited to a thickness of 100 nm on the PBDTTT-C: PCBM by thermal evaporation.
<< 비교예Comparative Example 1> 1> PEDOTPEDOT :: PSSPSS 만 삽입된 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지 Organic / Inorganic Composite Tandem Solar Cell Inserted Only
상기 실시예 중 단계 3을 수행하지 않은 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일한 방법을 사용하여 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지를 제조하였다.
An organic-inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that
<< 비교예Comparative Example 2> 2> ITOITO 전자수송층Electron transport layer // PEDOTPEDOT :P: P SSSS 정공수송층으로To the hole transport layer 이루어진 Made 절연층이The insulating layer 삽입되지 않은 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지 Uninserted organic and inorganic tandem solar cells
상기 실시예 중 단계 3 및 단계 4를 수행하지 않은 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일한 방법을 사용하여 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지를 제조하였다.
An organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Steps 3 and 4 were not performed.
<실험예 1> 투과전자현미경(TEM) 분석Experimental Example 1 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Analysis
본 발명에 따른 실시예 1에서 제조된 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지를 투과전자현미경(TEM)으로 측정하고 그 결과를 도 1에 나타내었다.The organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell prepared in Example 1 according to the present invention was measured by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the results are shown in FIG. 1.
도 1을 참조하면, 본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지는 각각의 층 경계가 뚜렷하고, 각 층간 계면에서 혼합층이 형성되지 않은 것을 알 수 있다.
Referring to FIG. 1, it can be seen that in the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention, the boundary of each layer is clear and a mixed layer is not formed at each interface.
<실험예 2> 에너지 분산 X선 분광기(EDX) 분석Experimental Example 2 Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) Analysis
본 발명에 따른 실시예 1에서 제조된 유·무기 복합형 탠덤 태양전지를 에너지 분산 X선 분광기(EDX)로 측정하고 그 결과를 도 2 및 도 3에 나타내었다.The organic-inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell prepared in Example 1 according to the present invention was measured by an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), and the results are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
도 2 및 도 3을 참조하면, 본 발명에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지는 각각의 층 경계가 뚜렷하고, 각 층간 계면에 혼합층이 형성되지 않은 것을 알 수 있다. 또한, ITO 및 PEDOT : PSS 를 적층하는 과정에서 물리적 결함이 발생하지 않은 것을 알 수 있다.
2 and 3, it can be seen that the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to the present invention has a distinct layer boundary and no mixed layer is formed at each interface. In addition, it can be seen that physical defects did not occur in the process of laminating ITO and PEDOT: PSS.
<실험예 3> 전기적특성 분석Experimental Example 3 Electrical Characteristics Analysis
(1) J-V 그래프 분석 (1) J-V graph analysis
본 발명에 따른 ITO 전자수송층/PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층으로 이루어진 절연층의 삽입효과를 알아보기 위해, 전압에 대한 전류밀도를 측정하고, 그 결과를 도 4 및 표 1에 나타내었다.In order to determine the insertion effect of the insulating layer consisting of the ITO electron transport layer / PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer according to the present invention, the current density against the voltage was measured, and the results are shown in Figure 4 and Table 1.
하기 표 1 중 단락회로전류밀도(Jsc), 개방회로전압(Voc) 및 곡선인자(Fill Factor, FF)는 태양전지의 전력변환효율을 특징 짓는 변수이다.The short circuit current density J sc , the open circuit voltage V oc and the fill factor (FF) in Table 1 are variables that characterize the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell.
상기 단락회로전류밀도는 회로가 단락된 상태로, 외부저항이 없는 상태에서 빛을 받았을 때 나타나는 역방향(음의 값)의 전류밀도이다. 단락회로전류밀도는 입사광의 세기와 파장분포가 결정된 상태에서, 광흡수에 의해 여기된 전자와 정공이 재결합(recombination)하여 손실되지 않고 얼마나 효과적으로 전지 내부에서 외부회로 쪽으로 보내어지는가에 의존한다. 상기 광흡수에 의해 여기된 전자와 정공의 재결합에 의한 손실은 재료의 내부 또는 계면에서 일어날 수 있다.The short circuit current density is a reverse (negative) current density that appears when light is received in the state that the circuit is short-circuited and there is no external resistance. The short circuit current density depends on how effectively the electrons and holes excited by light absorption recombine and are not lost in the state where the intensity of the incident light and the wavelength distribution are determined. Losses due to recombination of electrons and holes excited by the light absorption can occur inside the material or at the interface.
상기 개방회로전압은 무한대의 임피던스가 걸린 상태에서 빛을 받았을 때 태양전지의 양단에 형성되는 전위차이다.The open circuit voltage is a potential difference formed at both ends of the solar cell when light is received in an infinite impedance state.
상기 곡선인자는 최대전력점에서의 전류밀도와 전압의 곱(Jmp×Vmp)을 단락회로전류밀도와 개방회로전압의 곱(Jsc×Voc)으로 나눈 값이다. 상기 곡선인자는 빛이 조사된 상태에서 J - V 곡선의 모양이 사각형에 얼마나 가까운가를 나타내는 지표이다.The curve factor is the product of the current density at the maximum power point and the voltage (J mp × V mp ) divided by the product of the short circuit current density and the open circuit voltage (J sc × V oc ). The curve factor is an indicator of how close the shape of the J-V curve is to the square when the light is irradiated.
태양전지의 전력변환효율(PCE)는 태양전지에 의해 생산된 최대 전력과 입사광 에너지 Pin 사이의 비율이다.
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell is the ratio between the maximum power produced by the solar cell and the incident light energy P in .
(mA/cm2)Short circuit current density
(mA / cm 2 )
(V)Open circuit voltage
(V)
(%)Power conversion efficiency
(%)
상기 표 1을 참조하면, 본 발명에 따른 실시예 1의 ITO 전자수송층/PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층으로 이루어진 절연층이 삽입된 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지는 절연층이 없는 경우(비교예 2)보다 약 11.6 배 높은 전력변환효율을 나타내었고, PEDOT:PSS 층만 삽입된 경우(비교예 1)보다 약 1.67배 높은 전력변환효율을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있다.Referring to Table 1 above, the organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell having an insulating layer made of the ITO electron transport layer / PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer of Example 1 according to the present invention has no insulation layer (Comparative Example 2). It showed about 11.6 times higher power conversion efficiency and about 1.67 times higher power conversion efficiency than when only the PEDOT: PSS layer was inserted (Comparative Example 1).
구체적으로, 상기 비교예 2의 절연층이 없는 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지는 상대적으로 아주 낮은 광기전성능을 나타내는데, 이로부터 각각의 층들이 전기적으로 연결되어 있지 않다는 것을 알 수 있다.Specifically, the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell without the insulating layer of Comparative Example 2 shows relatively low photovoltaic performance, from which it can be seen that each layer is not electrically connected.
또한, 비교예 1의 PEDOT:PSS 층만 삽입된 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지는 비교예 2의 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지에 비해 개방회로전압 및 전력변환효율이 향상된 것을 알 수 있다. 한 편, 비교예 1의 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 개방회로전압은 무기계 광활성층의 개방회로전압(비정질 실리콘, 0.80 V)과 유기계 광활성층의 개방회로전압(PBDTTT-C:PCBM, 0.75 V)의 합과 비슷함을 알 수 있다.In addition, it can be seen that the organic-inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell in which only the PEDOT: PSS layer of Comparative Example 1 is inserted is improved in open circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency compared to the organic / inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell of Comparative Example 2. On the other hand, the open circuit voltages of the organic-inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell of Comparative Example 1 are the open circuit voltage of the inorganic photoactive layer (amorphous silicon, 0.80 V) and the open circuit voltage of the organic photoactive layer (PBDTTT-C: PCBM, 0.75V). It is similar to the sum of).
그러나, 도 4를 참조하면, 비교예 1의 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 J-V 그래프는 S 형 곡선을 나타내므로, 전하의 추출 및 주입에 대하여 에너지 장벽이 매우 높음을 알 수 있다.However, referring to FIG. 4, since the J-V graph of the organic-inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell of Comparative Example 1 shows an S-shaped curve, it can be seen that the energy barrier is very high for extraction and injection of charge.
반면에, 본 발명에 따른 실시예 1의 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 J-V 그래프는 S 형 곡선을 나타내지 않으며, 개방회로전압이 거의 유지됨과 동시에 곡선인자가 0.49로 증가한 것을 알 수 있다.On the other hand, the J-V graph of the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell of Example 1 according to the present invention does not show an S-type curve, and it can be seen that the curve factor is increased to 0.49 while maintaining the open circuit voltage.
이로부터, 본 발명의 유·무기 복합 태양전지는 ITO 전자수송층/PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층으로 이루어진 절연층이 삽입됨으로써 전력변환효율을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 이는 상기 절연층이 무기태양전지와 유기태양전지 간의 저항접촉을 향상시켜, 무기태양전지 및 유기태양전지에서 여기된 전자와 정공이 효과적으로 재결합할 수 있는 공간을 제공하는 것에 기인한다고 판단할 수 있다.
From this, the organic-inorganic composite solar cell of the present invention can improve the power conversion efficiency by inserting an insulating layer consisting of ITO electron transport layer / PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer, which is an inorganic solar cell and an organic solar cell It can be judged that the resistance contact between the two is improved, thereby providing a space for effectively recombining the electrons and holes excited in the inorganic solar cell and the organic solar cell.
(2) 임피던스 분석(2) impedance analysis
본 발명에 따른 ITO 전자수송층/PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층의 삽입효과를 알아보기 위해, 콜-콜 그래프(cole-cole plot)를 이용하여 분석하였고, 그 결과를 도 5에 나타내었다.In order to examine the insertion effect of the ITO electron transport layer / PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer according to the present invention, it was analyzed using a cole-cole plot, and the results are shown in FIG. 5.
상기 콜-콜 그래프는 전기화학 분야에서 사용되는 전극 계면분석법으로써, 전기화학계의 임피던스 측정을 하여 그 실수성분과 허수성분을 복소 평면상에 표시한 것이다. 상기 실험은 빛을 조사하지 않고, 무전원(zero bias) 상태에서 실시예 1 및 비교예 1에서 제조된 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 임피던스를 측정하였다.The call-call graph is an electrode interface analysis method used in the electrochemical field, and the real and imaginary components of the real and imaginary components are measured on the complex plane by measuring the impedance of the electrochemical system. The experiment measured the impedance of the organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell manufactured in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in a zero bias state without irradiating light.
도 5에서 임피던스의 실수부와 임피던스의 허수부에 의해 그려지는 반원의 지름은 전하이동저항으로 판단할 수 있으며, 반원의 지름이 크면 전하이동저항이 크며, 반원의 지름이 작으면 전하이동저항이 작은 것으로 판단할 수 있다.In FIG. 5, the diameter of the semicircle drawn by the real part of the impedance and the imaginary part of the impedance may be determined by the charge transfer resistance, and when the diameter of the semicircle is large, the charge transfer resistance is large. It can be judged to be small.
도 5를 참조하면, 본 발명에 따른 실시예 1의 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지는 비교예 1의 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지보다 전하이동저항이 작은 것을 알 수 있다. 상기 결과는 본 발명의 유·무기 복합 태양전지에 삽입된 ITO 전자수송층/PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층 이루어진 절연층에서의 전자 및 정공의 재결합 공정이 전하의 추출 및 주입 저항과 관련이 있음을 나타낸다.Referring to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell of Example 1 according to the present invention has a smaller charge transfer resistance than the organic / inorganic composite tandem solar cell of Comparative Example 1. The results indicate that the recombination process of electrons and holes in the insulating layer composed of ITO electron transport layer / PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer inserted into the organic / inorganic hybrid solar cell of the present invention is related to the extraction and injection resistance of the charge.
이로부터, 본 발명의 유·무기 복합 태양전지에 삽입된 ITO 전자수송층/PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층으로 이루어진 절연층은 전하이동저항을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있다.
From this, it can be seen that the insulating layer composed of the ITO electron transport layer / PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer inserted in the organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell of the present invention can effectively reduce the charge transfer resistance.
Claims (13)
상기 기판상에 형성된 투명전극층;
상기 투명전극층상에 적층된 무기계 광활성층;
상기 무기계 광활성층상에 적층된 산화인듐주석 전자수송층;
상기 전자수송층상에 적층된 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층;
상기 정공수송층상에 적층된 유기계 광활성층; 및
상기 유기계 광활성층상에 적층된 후면전극층을 포함하며,
상기 산화인듐주석 전자수송층 및 PEDOT:PSS 정공수송층은 무기태양전지 및 유기태양전지에서 여기된 전자와 정공이 재결합되는 절연층인 것을 특징으로 하는 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지.
Board;
A transparent electrode layer formed on the substrate;
An inorganic photoactive layer stacked on the transparent electrode layer;
An indium tin oxide electron transport layer laminated on the inorganic photoactive layer;
A poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer laminated on the electron transport layer;
An organic photoactive layer laminated on the hole transport layer; And
It includes a back electrode layer laminated on the organic photoactive layer,
The indium tin oxide electron transport layer and PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer is an organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell, characterized in that the insulating layer to recombine the electrons and holes excited in the inorganic solar cell and organic solar cell.
The organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a glass or plastic substrate.
The method of claim 1, wherein the transparent electrode layer is aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO; Aluminum-zinc oxide; ZnO: Al;), indium tin oxide (ITO; indium-tin oxide), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide Groups containing tin (ATO; aluminum-tin oxide; SnO 2 : Al), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), silver nanowires, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and PEDOT: PSS Organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell, characterized in that at least one selected from.
The organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell of claim 1, wherein the inorganic photoactive layer is formed by sequentially stacking an p-type amorphous silicon layer, an i-type amorphous silicon layer, and an n-type amorphous silicon.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic photoactive layer is PBDTTT-C (poly [4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo [1,2-b: 4,5-b '] dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt- [alkyl thieno [3,4-b] thiophene-2-carboxylate] -2,6-diyl), PTB7 (Poly [[4,8-bis [(2-ethylhexyl) oxy] benzo [1,2-b: 4, 5-b '] dithiophene-2,6-diyl] [3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl] thieno [3,4-b] thiophenediyl]]), PCPDTBT (poly [2,6- ( 4,4-bis- (2-ethylhexyl) -4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b; 3,4-b '] dithiophene) -alt-4,7- (2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]), PC 61 BM [6,6] -phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester) and an organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell, characterized in that at least one member selected from the group consisting of PC 71 BM.
The organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell of claim 1, wherein the back electrode layer is one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, palladium, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and silver nanowires. .
상기 투명전극층 상부에 무기계 광활성층을 적층하는 단계(단계 2);
상기 무기계 광활성층 상부에 산화인듐주석 전자수송층을 적층하는 단계(단계 3);
상기 전자수송층 상부에 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리(스티렌설포네이트)(PEDOT:PSS) 정공수송층을 적층하는 단계(단계 4);
상기 정공수송층 상부에 유기계 광활성층을 적층하는 단계(단계 5); 및
상기 유기계 광활성층 상부에 후면전극층을 적층하는 단계(단계 6)를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제1항에 따른 유·무기 복합 탠덤 태양전지의 제조방법.
Coating a transparent electrode layer on the substrate (step 1);
Stacking an inorganic photoactive layer on the transparent electrode layer (step 2);
Stacking an indium tin oxide electron transport layer on the inorganic photoactive layer (step 3);
Stacking a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer on the electron transport layer (step 4);
Stacking an organic photoactive layer on the hole transport layer (step 5); And
A method of manufacturing an organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell according to claim 1, comprising the step (step 6) of laminating a back electrode layer on the organic photoactive layer.
The method of claim 7, wherein the substrate is a glass or plastic substrate.
The method of claim 7, wherein the transparent electrode layer is aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO; Aluminum-zinc oxide (ZnO: Al), indium tin oxide (ITO; indium-tin oxide), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum tin oxide (ATO; Aluminium-tin oxide; SnO 2 : Al), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), silver nanowires, graphene, carbon nanotubes and PEDOT: PSS A method for producing an organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell, characterized in that at least one selected.
The method of claim 7, wherein the inorganic photoactive layer comprises a p-type amorphous silicon layer, an i-type amorphous silicon layer, and an n-type amorphous silicon layer sequentially stacked.
The method of claim 7, wherein the organic photoactive layer is PBDTTT-C (poly [4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo [1,2-b: 4,5-b '] dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt- [alkyl thieno [3,4-b] thiophene-2-carboxylate] -2,6-diyl), PTB7 (Poly [[4,8-bis [(2-ethylhexyl) oxy] benzo [1,2-b: 4, 5-b '] dithiophene-2,6-diyl] [3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl] thieno [3,4-b] thiophenediyl]]), PCPDTBT (poly [2,6- ( 4,4-bis- (2-ethylhexyl) -4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b; 3,4-b '] dithiophene) -alt-4,7- (2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]), PC 61 BM [6,6] -phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester) and PC 71 BM The method for producing an organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell, characterized in that at least one.
The organic-inorganic composite tandem solar cell of claim 7, wherein the back electrode layer is one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, palladium, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and silver nanowires. Manufacturing method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020120066336A KR101386076B1 (en) | 2012-06-20 | 2012-06-20 | organic-inorganic hybrid tandem multijuntion photovoltaics and preparing method for thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020120066336A KR101386076B1 (en) | 2012-06-20 | 2012-06-20 | organic-inorganic hybrid tandem multijuntion photovoltaics and preparing method for thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20130142802A KR20130142802A (en) | 2013-12-30 |
| KR101386076B1 true KR101386076B1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
Family
ID=49986334
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020120066336A KR101386076B1 (en) | 2012-06-20 | 2012-06-20 | organic-inorganic hybrid tandem multijuntion photovoltaics and preparing method for thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR101386076B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20180019360A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2018-01-18 | Kaneka Corporation | Photoelectric conversion device and photoelectric conversion module |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101675666B1 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2016-11-11 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | Organic or organicinorganic hybrid solar cell comprising transparent electrode and method of manufacturing thereof |
| KR101703454B1 (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-02-09 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | Alternative current electroluminescence device using of hole generation layer with conducting polymer and multi wall carbon nanotubes dispersing element, and there of manufacturing method |
| CN105895809B (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2018-12-28 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of preparation method of the ZnO film for reversed structure polymer solar battery |
| CN108807679B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2021-12-03 | 贵溪穿越光电科技有限公司 | Si-PEDOT (Poly ethylene diamine tetra-ethyl ether)/PSS (Poly styrene) organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN108899421B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2022-01-04 | 暨南大学 | All-inorganic perovskite solar cell and preparation method and application thereof |
| KR102246070B1 (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-04-29 | 경북대학교 산학협력단 | Tandem solar cell and method for producing the same |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20090123589A (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2009-12-02 | 주식회사 엔피홀딩스 | Solar cell and method for manufacturing the same |
| KR20110041634A (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-22 | 주성엔지니어링(주) | Hybrid tandem type thin film solar cell and method of manufacturing the same |
| KR101079214B1 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2011-11-03 | 주식회사 펨빅스 | Solar cell structure |
| KR101117127B1 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-02-24 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Tandem solar cell using amorphous silicon solar cell and organic solar cell |
-
2012
- 2012-06-20 KR KR1020120066336A patent/KR101386076B1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20090123589A (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2009-12-02 | 주식회사 엔피홀딩스 | Solar cell and method for manufacturing the same |
| KR101079214B1 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2011-11-03 | 주식회사 펨빅스 | Solar cell structure |
| KR20110041634A (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-22 | 주성엔지니어링(주) | Hybrid tandem type thin film solar cell and method of manufacturing the same |
| KR101117127B1 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-02-24 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Tandem solar cell using amorphous silicon solar cell and organic solar cell |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20180019360A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2018-01-18 | Kaneka Corporation | Photoelectric conversion device and photoelectric conversion module |
| US10672930B2 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2020-06-02 | Kaneka Corporation | Photoelectric conversion device and photoelectric conversion module |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20130142802A (en) | 2013-12-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Ajayan et al. | A review of photovoltaic performance of organic/inorganic solar cells for future renewable and sustainable energy technologies | |
| Kim et al. | Optimization of device design for low cost and high efficiency planar monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells | |
| KR101117127B1 (en) | Tandem solar cell using amorphous silicon solar cell and organic solar cell | |
| Yang et al. | Multilayer transparent top electrode for solution processed perovskite/Cu (In, Ga)(Se, S) 2 four terminal tandem solar cells | |
| KR101386076B1 (en) | organic-inorganic hybrid tandem multijuntion photovoltaics and preparing method for thereof | |
| Kim et al. | Photovoltaic technologies for flexible solar cells: beyond silicon | |
| Hu et al. | Two‐terminal perovskites tandem solar cells: recent advances and perspectives | |
| Sista et al. | Tandem polymer photovoltaic cells—current status, challenges and future outlook | |
| JP6196171B2 (en) | Tandem organic photoelectric conversion element and solar cell | |
| KR101380838B1 (en) | organic-inorganic hybrid tandem multijuntion photovoltaics comprising an interlayer with dispersed noble metal nano particles and preparing method for thereof | |
| KR101389381B1 (en) | organic-inorganic hybrid tandem multijuntion photovoltaics having an improved lifetime and preparing method for thereof | |
| CN1579023A (en) | Organic photovoltaic devices | |
| EP3010053B1 (en) | Organic photovoltaic cell and method for manufacturing same | |
| Huang et al. | Minimizing the energy loss of perovskite solar cells with Cu+ doped NiOx processed at room temperature | |
| Liu et al. | Recent progress in developing monolithic perovskite/Si tandem solar cells | |
| CN112018100A (en) | Silicon/perovskite laminated solar cell | |
| Qu et al. | Highly efficient organic solar cells enabled by a porous ZnO/PEIE electron transport layer with enhanced light trapping | |
| KR101448041B1 (en) | organic thin-film solar cell having an barrier layer and preparing method thereof | |
| KR101415168B1 (en) | Preparation method of fibrous solar cells having metal grid electrode, and the fibrous solar cells thereby | |
| Seo et al. | Highly efficient hybrid thin-film solar cells using a solution-processed hole-blocking layer | |
| KR101316096B1 (en) | Organic-inorganic hybrid tandem multijuntion photovoltaics with an interlayer and preparing method for thereof | |
| KR20140012224A (en) | Tandem solar cells comprising a transparent conducting intermediate layer and fabrication methods thereof | |
| KR101473327B1 (en) | Hybrid thin film solar cell, and the preparation method thereof | |
| KR101304573B1 (en) | Method for improving light to electric energy conversion efficiency of organic-inorganic hybrid tandem multijuntion photovoltaics | |
| KR101364957B1 (en) | Method for organic photovoltaics with reduced graphene oxide and organic photovoltatics prepared thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A201 | Request for examination | ||
| E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
| E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
| E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
| GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20170308 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20190311 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20191230 Year of fee payment: 19 |