KR101067742B1 - Exosome derived from Human Neural Stme Cells with Immunomodulatory Effect and Immunomodulator comprising the same - Google Patents

Exosome derived from Human Neural Stme Cells with Immunomodulatory Effect and Immunomodulator comprising the same Download PDF

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KR101067742B1
KR101067742B1 KR1020090000252A KR20090000252A KR101067742B1 KR 101067742 B1 KR101067742 B1 KR 101067742B1 KR 1020090000252 A KR1020090000252 A KR 1020090000252A KR 20090000252 A KR20090000252 A KR 20090000252A KR 101067742 B1 KR101067742 B1 KR 101067742B1
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박정규
김수영
김상준
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Abstract

본 발명은 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 면역조절 활성을 갖는 미세소낭 및 이를 유효성분으로 하는 면역조절제에 관한 것으로, 본 발명에 따른 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 면역조절 활성을 갖는 미세소낭은 활성화된 T 림프구의 활성 및 증식을 감소시키고, 세포주기 억제(cell cycle arrest)효과를 가짐으로써 면역시스템의 이상과 관련된 질병 및 질환의 치료에 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. The present invention relates to a microvesicle having a human neural stem cell-derived immunomodulatory activity and an immunomodulator comprising the same as an active ingredient, the microvesicle having a human neural stem cell-derived immunomodulatory activity is activated T lymphocyte activity And by reducing the proliferation and having a cell cycle arrest (cell cycle arrest) effect can be usefully used in the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with abnormalities of the immune system.

인간 신경 줄기세포, 미세소낭, 면역억제 Human neural stem cells, microvesicles, immunosuppression

Description

인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 면역조절 활성을 갖는 미세소낭 및 이를 유효성분으로 하는 면역조절제{Exosome derived from Human Neural Stme Cells with Immunomodulatory Effect and Immunomodulator comprising the same}Exosome derived from Human Neural Stme Cells with Immunomodulatory Effect and Immunomodulator comprising the same}

본 발명은 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 면역조절 활성을 갖는 미세소낭 및 이를 유효성분으로 하는 면역조절제에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a microvesicle having an immunomodulatory activity derived from human neural stem cells and an immunomodulator using the same as an active ingredient.

줄기세포는 다양한 세포로 분화할 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있어 세포재생 및 치유분야에 현재 활발하게 연구가 되고 있는 분야이다. 그 중에서도 인간의 뇌에서부터 유래된 신경 줄기세포는 여러 종류의 신경 세포로 분화할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 면역반응을 조절할 수 있다는 사실이 알려지면서 신경퇴행성 질환 등의 세포치료제로써 의학계에서 주목 받게 되었다 (Reynolds, B. A. and S. Weiss, Developmental Biology, 175: 1-13, 1996; Martinez-Serrano, A. and A. Bjorklund, Trends in Neurosciences, 20: 530-38, 1997; Kim, S. U.,Brain and Development, 29: 193-201;2007). Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into a variety of cells is a field that is currently being actively researched in the field of cell regeneration and healing. Among them, the neural stem cells derived from the human brain are not only able to differentiate into various types of neurons but also to regulate immune responses, which has attracted attention in the medical community as cell therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases (Reynolds, BA and S. Weiss, Developmental Biology, 175: 1-13, 1996; Martinez-Serrano, A. and A. Bjorklund, Trends in Neurosciences, 20: 530-38, 1997; Kim, SU, Brain and Development, 29: 193-201; 2007 ).

종래의 신경 줄기세포의 면역 조절능력에 대한 연구들은 여러 질환모델에 신경 줄기세포를 이식하여 염증반응이 줄어드는 현상을 관찰함을 통해 이루어 졌으 나(Ziv, Y., H. Avidan, et al., PNAS, 103: 13174-79, 2006; Einstein, O., N. Grigoriadis, et al., Exp Neurol, 198(2): 275-84. 2006), 신경 줄기세포의 면역반응 조절 기전에 대하여는 아직까지 밝혀진 바가 없다. Previous studies on the immunomodulatory ability of neural stem cells have been conducted by observing a phenomenon in which the inflammatory response is reduced by transplanting neural stem cells in various disease models (Ziv, Y., H. Avidan, et al., PNAS, 103: 13174-79, 2006 ; Einstein, O., N. Grigoriadis, et al., Exp Neurol, 198 (2): 275-84. 2006 ), to date the mechanism of immune response regulation of neural stem cells. Nothing is revealed.

미세소낭 (Exosome)이란 40100 nm 크기의 막소낭 (Membrane vesicle)으로 써 다양한 세포들 의해 자연적으로 분비된다고 알려져 있다. 지금까지 미세소낭의 생물학적 기능은 명확하게 밝혀지지 않았지만, 세포와 세포 사이의 여러 가지 신호 및 핵산물질 (mRNA, miRNA 등)의 전달을 중재하며 세포의 분화과정에 관여하여 세포의 성숙 (Maturation)을 유도하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Exosomes are 40100 nm membrane vesicles and are known to be naturally secreted by various cells. Until now, the biological function of microvesicles has not been clearly identified, but it mediates the transmission of various signals and nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, etc.) between the cells and is involved in the differentiation process of the cells to improve the maturation of the cells. It is known to induce.

또한, 이러한 미세소낭은 면역학적으로도 여러 가지 기능을 한다고 알려져 있다. 그 중에서도 암세포로부터 유래된 미세소낭의 경우에는 소낭 표면에 암세포를 공격할 수 있는 T 림프구의 세포 자멸사 (Apoptosis)를 유도할 수 있는 단백질이 발현되어 면역반응을 억제시키는 역할을 하기도 한다. 하지만, 이와 반대로 수지상 세포 (Dendritic cells)에서 유래된 미세소낭의 경우에는 표면에 항원을 제시할 수 있는 MHC II 혹은 T 림프구의 활성화를 촉진시키는 단백질들이 발현되어 있어 오히려 면역반응을 촉진시키는 역할을 담당하기도 한다고 보고되었다(Valadi, H., K. Ekstrom, et al., Nat Cell Biol 9(6): 654-9 2007; Kovar, M., O. Boyman, et al., PNAS, 103(31): 11671-6. 2006). 따라서, 미세소낭은 유래된 세포의 종류에 따라 발현되어 있는 단백질의 구성이 다르고 이들 표면에 발현되어 있는 다양한 단백질들에 의해서 같은 세포에서 유래되었을지라도 그 기능이 상이할 수 있다는 특징을 가지고 있다(Lim et al.,Proteomics 8: 4083-4099, 2008). In addition, these microvesicles are known to function variously immunologically. Among them, in the case of microvesicles derived from cancer cells, proteins that induce apoptosis of T lymphocytes capable of attacking cancer cells are expressed on the surface of the vesicles, thereby suppressing immune responses. On the contrary, microvesicles derived from dendritic cells express proteins that promote the activation of MHC II or T lymphocytes, which can present antigens on the surface. (Valadi, H., K. Ekstrom, et al., Nat Cell Biol 9 (6): 654-9 2007 ; Kovar, M., O. Boyman, et al., PNAS, 103 (31)). : 11671-6. 2006 ). Therefore, microvesicles are characterized in that the composition of the expressed protein differs depending on the type of cells from which they are derived, and their functions may be different even if they are derived from the same cell by various proteins expressed on these surfaces (Lim et al., Proteomics 8: 4083-4099, 2008 ).

미국공개특허 제 2006-116321호는 수지상 세포(dendritic cell), 마크로파지(macrophages)등 면역관련 세포들에서 유래된 미세소낭이 면역조절기능이 있음을 개시하고 있으며, 면역세포 분비 미세소낭의 경우에는 면역반응을 조율하는 기능이있다고 추측되어 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다(Robbins et al.,The Journal of Immunology, 179: 2235-2241,2007; Le Pecq et al.,Journal of Immunological Methods, 270 :211-226, 2002; Chaylotte Admyre, exosomes in immune regulation and allergy, karolinska Institutet, 2007). 그리고 수지상 세포(dendritic cell), 마크로파지(macrophages)등 면역관련 세포외에도 가브리엘슨 등은 (Gabrielsson et al.,The Journal of Immunology, 179: 1969-1978,2007) 면역조절능력이 있는 엑소좀이 모유에 존재함을 발견하였다. US Patent Publication No. 2006-116321 discloses that microvesicles derived from immune-related cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and the like have immunomodulatory functions. Many studies have been conducted, speculating that there is a function to tune the reaction (Robbins et al., The Journal of Immunology, 179: 2235-2241, 2007 ; Le Pecq et al., Journal of Immunological Methods, 270: 211-226). , 2002 ; Chaylotte Admyre, exosomes in immune regulation and allergy, karolinska Institutet, 2007 ). And dendritic cells (dendritic cell), macrophages (macrophages), etc. In addition to immune-related cells, such as Gabriel Basin is (Gabrielsson et al, The Journal of Immunology, 179:. 1969-1978,2007) to the exo some breast with immunomodulatory capacity Found existence.

이에 본 발명자들은 면역 조절능을 가지고 있는 것으로 보고되어진 인간 신경 줄기세포의 면역조절기전에 대하여 예의 연구 노력한 결과, 인간 신경 줄기세포가 세포와 세포간의 직접적인 접촉 없이 세포 외부로 분비되는 미세소낭을 통해 면역반응을 조절할 수 있음을 확인하고 본 발명을 완성하였다.Accordingly, the present inventors have made intensive studies on the immunomodulatory mechanisms of human neural stem cells, which have been reported to have immunomodulatory ability. It was confirmed that can be adjusted to complete the present invention.

따라서 본 발명의 목적은 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 면역조절 활성을 갖는 미세소낭을 제공하는 것이다.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide microvesicles having human neuronal stem cell-derived immunomodulatory activity.

본 발명의 또 다른 목적은 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 면역조절 활성을 갖는 미세소낭을 유효성분으로 하는 면역조절제를 제공하는 것이다. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an immunomodulatory agent comprising microvesicles having human neuronal stem cell-derived immunomodulatory activity.

상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명은 활성화된 T 림프구에 처리할 경우 T 림프구의 활성 및 증식을 현저히 감소시키는 인간 신경 줄기세포에서 분리된 미세소낭을 제공한다. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides microvesicles isolated from human neural stem cells that significantly reduce the activity and proliferation of T lymphocytes when treated with activated T lymphocytes.

본 발명의 일실시예에 따르면, 본 발명자들은 인간 신경 줄기세포주 HB1.F3를 일정 시간동안 배양한 후 배양액을 얻은 후, 인간의 말초혈액으로부터 유래된 T 림프구를 활성화 시킨 다음 이 배양액을 처리한 결과 T 림프구의 활성 및 증식이 현저히 감소함을 실험적으로 확인하였다. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the present inventors cultured the human neural stem cell line HB1.F3 for a predetermined time, and then obtained a culture medium, and then activated T lymphocytes derived from human peripheral blood and then treated the culture solution. It was experimentally confirmed that the activity and proliferation of T lymphocytes were significantly reduced.

이 후, 인간 신경 줄기세포의 면역조절능력의 기전을 규명하기 위하여, 인간 신경 줄기세포 배양액을 초원심분리를 통하여 미세소낭을 분리, 정량화 한 후 동일 조건에 처리한 결과 인간 신경 줄기세포 배양액과 동일하게 T 림프구의 활성 및 증식이 억제됨을 발견하였다. Subsequently, in order to investigate the mechanism of immune regulation of human neural stem cells, microvesicles were isolated and quantified through ultracentrifugation of human neural stem cell cultures and treated under the same conditions. It was found that the activity and proliferation of T lymphocytes were suppressed.

또한 활성화된 T 림프구에 미세소낭을 첨가하여, 세포 내 DNA 함유정도 및 세포주기를 측정한 결과, 미처리된 대조군에 비하여 S기에 속하는 DNA 함유정도가 감소하고 G0/G1기에 속한 DNA 함유량이 상대적으로 증가함을 확인함으로써, 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭이 세포주기 억제(cell cycle arrest) 효과를 가짐을 발견하였다.In addition, microvesicles were added to activated T lymphocytes, and the DNA content and cell cycle were measured in the cells. As a result, the DNA content of S group was decreased and the DNA content of G0 / G1 group was relatively increased compared to the untreated control group. By confirming that, human neural stem cell-derived microvesicles were found to have a cell cycle arrest effect.

인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭의 면역조절능력을 명확하게 확인하기 위하여, 미세소낭을 제거한 인간 신경 줄기세포 배양액을 동일 조건에 처리하는 실험을 실시하였고, 실험결과 T 림프구의 활성 및 증식 억제효과가 상쇄되는 것을 확인함으로써 인간 신경 줄기세포의 면역조절능력이 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭에 의한 것임을 증명하였다. In order to clearly confirm the immunomodulatory ability of human neural stem cell-derived microvesicles, an experiment was performed in which human neural stem cell culture medium from which microvesicles were removed was subjected to the same conditions. By confirming that the immunomodulatory ability of human neural stem cells was proved to be due to microvesicles derived from human neural stem cells.

따라서, 상기 결과로부터 본 발명자들은 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭이 T 림프구의 활성을 감소시키고, 세포주기 억제(cell cycle arrest)효과를 가짐을 발견함으로써, 인간 신경 줄기세포의 면역조절능력이 인간 신경 줄기세포에서 외부로 분비되어 세포 배양액 내에 포함된 미세소낭에 기인함을 입증하였고, 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭의 면역조절제로서의 신규한 용도를 제공한다. Therefore, from the above results, the present inventors found that human neural stem cell-derived microvesicles reduced T lymphocyte activity and had a cell cycle arrest effect. It has been demonstrated to be due to microvesicles secreted outward from stem cells and contained in cell culture media, and provides novel uses as immunomodulators of human neural stem cell derived microvesicles.

또한, 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭의 세포 표면 단백질 발현을 조사한 결과, 수지상 세포 등의 다른 세포 유래의 미세소낭과 세포 표면 단백질 발현양상이 다르고, 본 발명에 따른 미세소낭은 우리 몸에서 면역반응이 잘 일어나지 않는 것으로 알려진 면역 특권화 구역 (Immune-privileged site)으로부터 유래되었기 때문에 내재적으로 면역반응을 조절할 수 있는 기능을 가지고 있을 것이다.In addition, as a result of examining the cell surface protein expression of human neural stem cell-derived microvesicles, microvesicles derived from other cells such as dendritic cells and cell surface protein expression patterns are different, and microvesicles according to the present invention have an immune response in our body. It is derived from an immune-privileged site, which is known to rarely occur, and therefore has the ability to innately regulate the immune response.

본 발명에 따른 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 면역조절 활성을 갖는 미세소낭은 활성화된 T 림프구의 활성을 감소시키고, 세포주기 억제(cell cycle arrest)효과를 가짐으로써 면역시스템의 이상과 관련된 질병 및 질환의 치료에 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. 또한, 기존의 화합물로 이루어진 면역반응 억제제들이 가지고 있는 부작용을 보완할 수 있는 잠재성을 가진 생체적합 세포 유래 물질로서 그 활용도가 높을 것이다. Microvesicles having human neuronal stem cell-derived immunomodulatory activity according to the present invention reduce the activity of activated T lymphocytes and have a cell cycle arrest effect to treat diseases and disorders associated with abnormalities of the immune system. It can be usefully used. In addition, it will be highly useful as a biocompatible cell-derived material having the potential to compensate for the side effects of the immune response inhibitors made of conventional compounds.

본 발명은 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 면역조절 활성을 갖는 미세소낭에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to microvesicles having human neuronal stem cell-derived immunomodulatory activity.

보다 구체적으로, 면역조절능력을 보여주는 인간 신경 줄기세포의 면역조절능력이 인간 신경 줄기세포가 외부로 분비하는 미세소낭에 의한 것이며, 상기 미세소낭은 인간 말초혈액 단핵세포에서 분리된 T 림프구에 처리할 경우 T 림프구의 활성 및 증식을 현저히 감소시킴으로써 면역조절능력을 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 인간 신경 줄기세포에서 분리된 미세소낭을 제공한다. More specifically, the immunomodulatory ability of human neural stem cells showing immunomodulatory ability is due to microvesicles secreted by human neural stem cells to the outside, and the microvesicles are treated on T lymphocytes isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The present invention provides microvesicles isolated from human neural stem cells, which have immunomodulatory capacity by remarkably reducing the activity and proliferation of T lymphocytes.

이하, 본 발명의 이해를 돕기 위하여 바람직한 실시예를 제시한다. 그러나 하기의 실시예는 본 발명을 보다 쉽게 이해하기 위하여 제공되는 것일 뿐, 실시예에 의해 본 발명의 내용이 한정되는 것은 아니다. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention. However, the following examples are provided only for the purpose of easier understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited by the examples.

실시예 1: 재료 및 방법Example 1: Materials and Methods

1-1: 인간 신경 줄기세포 (HB1.F3)세포의 배양1-1: Culture of Human Neural Stem Cells (HB1.F3) Cells

인간 신경 줄기세포는 65℃에서 비활성시킨 5% 소의 혈청과 5% 말의 혈청, 2 mM L-글루타민, 100μM 비필수 아미노산,10 mM HEPES, 55μM 2-머캅토 에탄올 그리고 50 ㎍/ml 젠타마이신이 포함된 고농도의 포도당 (4.5 mg/L) Dulbecco Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM, Gibco Laboratories, Grand Island, NY, USA) 에서 배양되었다. 이때 소와 말의 혈청에 잔재하는 미세소낭을 제거하기 위하여, 혈청을 100,000g에서 18시간 초원심분리시켰다. Human neural stem cells contained 5% bovine serum and 5% horse serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 μM non-essential amino acids, 10 mM HEPES, 55 μM 2-mercapto ethanol and 50 μg / ml gentamicin at 65 ° C. Incubated in high concentrations of glucose (4.5 mg / L) Dulbecco Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM, Gibco Laboratories, Grand Island, NY, USA). At this time, in order to remove microvesicles remaining in the serum of cattle and horses, the serum was ultracentrifuged at 100,000g for 18 hours.

1-2: 미세소낭의 분리와 정제1-2: Isolation and Purification of Microvesicles

48시간 동안 배양된 인간 신경 줄기세포의 배양액은 500g, 10분, 2000g 10분, 0.22μm 필터 그리고 45 Ti 로터를 이용하여 100,000g 1시간의 순차적인 원심분리를 통해서 분리하고, 마지막으로 얻어진 미세소낭은 식염수 (Phosphate Buffered Saline, PBS)로 씻어낸 후 미세소낭을 식염수에 녹이고, 미세소낭의 농도는 BCA Asaay (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL)을 사용하여 정량되었다. rm 후 약 200㎍의 미세소낭을 전자투과현미경 (Transmission Electron Microscopy) 으로 촬영한 결과를 도 1에 나타내었다. (도1의 좌측: 저배율(눈금기준 :500nm), 우측:고배율(눈금기준 : 200nm)) Cultures of human neural stem cells cultured for 48 hours were separated by sequential centrifugation at 100,000 g for 1 hour using 500 g, 10 minutes, 2000 g 10 minutes, 0.22 μm filter and 45 Ti rotor, and finally obtained microvesicles. After rinsing with silver saline (Phosphate Buffered Saline, PBS), microvesicles were dissolved in saline, and the concentration of microvesicles was quantified using BCA Asaay (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL). About 200 μg of microvesicles after rm were photographed by transmission electron microscopy, and the results are shown in FIG. 1. (Left: low magnification (500 nm), right: high magnification (200 nm))

또한 각각 30 ㎍의 인간 신경줄기세포 단백질과 미세소낭을 SDS-Sample 완충용액에 녹여 인간 신경 줄기세포 단백질(LANE 2) 과 미세소낭의 단백질(LANE 1)을 SDS-PAGE 전기영동을 통해 분자량 크기에 따라 각각의 소부분으로 분리하여, Coomassie blue 염색을 실시하였다. 인간 신경 줄기세포 및 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭 발현 단백질을 확인한 결과 미세소낭은 신경 줄기세포 유래 단백질을 포함하나 발현의 차이를 보임을 알 수 있었다.(도 2(a))In addition, 30 ㎍ of human neural stem cell protein and microvesicles were dissolved in SDS-Sample buffer, and human neural stem cell protein (LANE 2) and microvesicle protein (LANE 1) were subjected to SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Each subpart was separated and subjected to Coomassie blue staining. As a result of confirming human neural stem cells and stem cell-derived microvesicle-expressing proteins, microvesicles contained proteins derived from neural stem cells but showed a difference in expression (FIG. 2 (a)).

이 때 위의 미세소낭 분리과정에서 미세소낭 이외의 다른 단백질의 오염의 유무를 확인하기 위하여 자당(Sucrose)의 밀도차에 의한 분리를 실시하였다. 100,000g 초원심분리를 통해 얻어진 100㎍ 미세소낭 은 2.5M 자당 이 포함된 Hepes 완충용액에 녹여지고, 2.5M 자당 용액에 포함된 미세소낭은 0.25M-2M 농도 밀도차를 이용하여 210,000g의 초원심분리를 통해 비중에 따라 분리하였다. 초원심분리 튜브의 위에서부터 1mL씩 각각의 분획 (Fraction)을 얻고, 100,000g 1시간, HEPES 완충용액을 이용하여 씻은 후 각각의 분획을 SDS-Sample 완충용액에 녹여 SDS-PAGE 전기영동을 통해 샘플을 로딩하여 분자량 크기에 따라 각각의 소부분으로 분리하고, 이를 PVDF 막에 전달시킨 뒤 0.5% Tween-20이 포함된 식염수에 녹여진 5% 탈지분유에 1시간동안 반응시켰으며 상기에서 수득한 각 분획에 대하여 Calnexin (칼넥신, 미세소낭에 존재하지 않는 단백질, 음성대조군)과 Alix (알릭스, 미세소낭에 존재하는 단백질, 양성대조군) 단일클론 이차항체 (HRP-Conjugated Goat anti-Mouse IgG, 1:2000, Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA, USA)를 반응시키고, 화학합성물을 통하여 발색한 결과를 (도 2(b))에 나타내었다. Calnexin은 미세소낭에서 발현되는 단백질이 아니므로 모든 구획에서 검출되지 않았으며, 1.13 g/ml에서 1.19 g/ml의 비중을 가지는 미세소낭은 6~7번 분획에서만 Alix 단백질이 검출되었다. 따라서 순차적인 원심분리만으로 다른 단백질의 오염없 이 미세소낭의 분리가 가능함을 확인하였으며 이후 실험에서는 순차적인 원심분리과정 후에 얻어진 미세소낭을 이용하였다. At this time, in order to confirm the contamination of proteins other than microvesicles in the above microvesicle separation process, separation was performed by sucrose (Sucrose) density difference. 100 μg microvesicles obtained through 100,000 g ultracentrifugation were dissolved in Hepes buffer solution containing 2.5M sucrose, and microvesicles contained in 2.5M sucrose solution were used at 210,000g seconds using 0.25M-2M concentration density difference. Separation was carried out according to specific gravity through centrifugation. Each fraction (Fraction) was obtained by 1 mL from the top of the ultracentrifuge tube, washed with 100,000 g for 1 hour using HEPES buffer, and each fraction was dissolved in SDS-Sample buffer and sampled through SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Was loaded into the respective small portions according to the molecular weight size, and transferred to the PVDF membrane and reacted with 5% skim milk powder dissolved in saline containing 0.5% Tween-20 for 1 hour. For the fractions Calnexin (calnexin, protein not present in microvesicles, negative control group) and Alix (Alix, protein present in microvesicles, positive control group) monoclonal secondary antibody (HRP-Conjugated Goat anti-Mouse IgG, 1: 2000, Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA, USA) was reacted, and the results obtained through the chemical synthesis are shown in FIG. 2 (b). Since Calnexin is not a protein expressed in microvesicles, it was not detected in all compartments. Alix protein was detected only in fractions 6-7 of microvesicles having a specific gravity of 1.19 g / ml at 1.13 g / ml. Therefore, it was confirmed that microvesicles can be separated without contamination of other proteins only by sequential centrifugation, and in subsequent experiments, microvesicles obtained after sequential centrifugation were used.

1-3: 인간 말초혈액 단핵세포의 자극 및 증식능 평가1-3: Stimulation and proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

건강한 사람의 혈액으로부터 Ficoll-Plague PLUS (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden)를 이용하여 말초 혈액 단핵세포을 분리하였다. 이 말초혈액 단핵세포 (5 x 105개)는 미토겐인 Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (PMA, 50ng/mL, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) 와 Ionomycin (1㎍/mL, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) 을 이용하여 자극하였으며, 96-Well Flat-Bottom Plate에서 배양되었다. 또한, 동시에 인간 신경 줄기세포 배양액에서 분리된 미세소낭을 500ng, 1000ng 첨가하여 48시간을 배양하였다.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from the blood of healthy people using Ficoll-Plague PLUS (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden). These peripheral blood mononuclear cells (5 x 10 5 cells) were mitogen Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (PMA, 50ng / mL, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and Ionomycin (1ug / mL, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and were cultured in 96-Well Flat-Bottom Plate. At the same time, 500 ng and 1000 ng of microvesicles isolated from human neural stem cell culture were added and cultured for 48 hours.

실시예 2: 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭의 활성 T 림프구의 면역 조절능 평가Example 2 Evaluation of Immune Regulation of Active T Lymphocytes of Human Neural Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles

인간 말초혈액 단핵세포에 방사성 동위원소인 1μCi [3H]-Thymidine (Amersham, Buckinghamahire, UK)을 첨가하여 18시간 배양한 후, 세포를 수확하여 세포내에 포함된 방사성 동위원소 양을 기기를 통해 측정하여 세포 증식과 활성이 감소하는 것을 방사성 동위원소의 세포내 함유량으로 평가하였다. 아무것도 처리하지 않은 인간 말초혈액 단핵세포(대조군), 농도구배에 따라 미세소낭이 첨가된 경 우(Exosome), 열을 가하여 비활성화 시킨 미세소낭이 첨가된 경우(Heated Exosome), 미세소낭이 제거된 세포 배양액 첨가의 경우(EDCS)에 대하여 활성 T 림프구의 면역 억제능을 평가한 결과는 도3에 나타난 바와 같이, 미세소낭을 첨가한 경우(Exosome) 농도구배에 비례하여 세포의 증식이 억제되는 것을 볼 수 있으며, 이는 인간 신경 줄기세포의 배양액의 세포증식 억제와 동일한 양상을 나타낸다. 또한 인간 신경 줄기세포의 배양액에서 미세소낭이 제거된 경우에는 (EDCS) 세포증식 억제효과가 거의 나타나지 않음으로써 인간 신경 줄기세포의 면역억제능이 미세소낭에 존재하는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한, 열을 가하여 비활성화 시킨 미세소낭은 세포증식 억제효과가 나타나지 않음을 확인함으로써 미세소낭에 단백질의 면역억제물질이 존재함을 확인하였다. After incubating for 18 hours with 1μCi [3H] -Thymidine (Amersham, Buckinghamahire, UK), a radioisotope, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were harvested, and the amount of radioisotope contained in the cells was measured by the instrument. Reduction of cell proliferation and activity was assessed by intracellular content of radioisotopes. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (control) without any treatment, microvesicles added according to the concentration gradient (Exosome), microvesicles removed by heat inactivation (Heated Exosome), cells with microvesicles removed As a result of evaluating the immunosuppressive ability of the active T lymphocytes in the case of addition of the culture medium (EDCS), as shown in FIG. 3, the proliferation of cells was suppressed in proportion to the concentration gradient when the microvesicle was added (Exosome). This shows the same aspect as the inhibition of cell proliferation of the culture of human neural stem cells. In addition, when microvesicles are removed from the culture medium of human neural stem cells, the effect of inhibiting cell proliferation (EDCS) shows little effect, indicating that the immunosuppressive ability of human neural stem cells is present in the microvesicles. In addition, by confirming that the microvesicles inactivated by applying heat did not show the effect of inhibiting cell proliferation, it was confirmed that the immunosuppressive substance of the protein was present in the microvesicles.

실시예 3: 세포주기 억제능 (Cell Cycle Arrest) 확인Example 3: Confirmation of Cell Cycle Arrest

사람의 말초혈액으로부터 분리한 T 림프구를 PMA와 Ionomycin을 처리하여 자극시키고 이와 동시에 미세소낭을 첨가한 후, 48시간 동안 배양시킨 세포를 70% 에탄올에 고정시키고 Propidium iodide 을 처리하고, Propidiun iodide에 염색시킨 세포들을 유세포 분석(Flow cytometry)을 통하여 세포 내 DNA 함유정도 및 세포주기를 측정하였다.T lymphocytes isolated from human peripheral blood were stimulated by treatment with PMA and Ionomycin, and at the same time, microvesicles were added. Cells cultured for 48 hours were fixed in 70% ethanol, treated with Propidium iodide, and stained with Propidiun iodide. The cells were measured by flow cytometry to measure the DNA content and cell cycle.

아무것도 처리하지 않은 실험군(대조군)에서는 세포의 활성을 유도하였기 때문에 DNA의 복제가 활발하게 일어나 세포주기 중 S기에 속하는 DNA 함유정도가 높으나, 인간 신경 줄기세포로부터 유래된 미세소낭을 처리한 경우(Exosome)에는 세포주기 억제가 일어나 DNA 복제가 원활해지지 못하여 G0/G1기에 속한 DNA 함유량이 (약 22 %)상대적으로 증가하고, S기에 속하는 DNA 함유량이 (약 26 %)상대적으로 감소하였다. 반면에, 인간 신경 줄기세포 배양액 처리군(hNSC sup)에서도 미세소낭을 처리한 경우(Exosome)와 유사한 변화패턴을 보이고, 미세소낭이 없는 세포배양액 첨가군(EDCS)에서는 G0/G1기 DNA 함유량이 아무것도 처리하지 않았을 경우와 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였고, 이로부터 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭이 세포주기 억제 효과를 가짐을 알 수 있다. In the experimental group (control group), which did not process anything, the DNA activity was increased due to the induction of cell activity, and the content of DNA belonging to S group in the cell cycle was high, but microvesicles derived from human neural stem cells were treated (Exosome ), Cell cycle inhibition occurred and DNA replication was not facilitated, so that the DNA content of G0 / G1 group was increased (approximately 22%) and the DNA content of S group (approximately 26%) was decreased. On the other hand, human neural stem cell culture treatment group (hNSC sup) showed a similar change pattern to that when treated with microvesicles (Exosome), and the G0 / G1 group DNA content was increased in the cell culture medium without ED cells (EDCS). It was confirmed that there is no big difference from the case of no treatment, from which it can be seen that the microvesicles derived from human neural stem cells have cell cycle inhibitory effects.

실시예 4 : 인간 신경 줄기세포로부터 유래 미세소낭의 표면 항원 (단백질) 확인Example 4 Identification of Surface Antigen (Protein) of Microvesicles Derived from Human Neural Stem Cells

인간 신경 줄기세포로부터 유래된 미세소낭의 표면에 존재하는 단백질을 특정 파장대의 빛을 내는 형광염료와 접합된 항체를 처리하여 유세포 분석을 통해서 분석하여 발현정도를 백분율로 나타낸 결과를 도 5에 나타내었다. 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭 (A)과 신경줄기세포 (B) 표면에 존재하는 단백질을 비교/분석하면, CD81과 MHC class II의 경우, 미세소낭 표면에 발현하고 있다고 알려져 있으며 이 단백질이 발현되어있는 미세소낭의 경우 T 림프구에서 분비되는 염증성 싸이토카인 분비를 억제한다고 알려져 있다(Admyre, C., S. M. Johansson, et al., J Immunol 179(3): 1969-78, 2007). 본 발명의 미세소낭에서도 상당히 발현되어 있음을 알 수 있다.The protein present on the surface of the microvesicles derived from human neural stem cells was treated with an antibody conjugated with a fluorescent dye that emits light in a specific wavelength range and analyzed by flow cytometry. . Comparing / analyzing the proteins present on the surface of human neural stem cell-derived microvesicles (A) and neural stem cells (B), CD81 and MHC class II are known to be expressed on the surface of microvesicles. Microvesicles are known to inhibit inflammatory cytokine secretion from T lymphocytes (Admyre, C., SM Johansson, et al., J Immunol 179 (3): 1969-78, 2007 ). It can be seen that the microvesicles of the present invention are significantly expressed.

모든 세포에 공통적으로 발현되는 단백질인 MHC I의 경우 세포표면 보다는 약간 적은 수준으로 미세소낭에도 발현되어 있으며, 세포자멸사 (Apoptosis)를 유도하는 것으로 알려진 단백질인 FasL는 발현되어 있지 않는 것으로 나타났다.MHC I, a protein commonly expressed in all cells, is expressed in microvesicles at a slightly lower level than the cell surface, and FasL, a protein known to induce apoptosis, is not expressed.

CD81과 유사하게 염증 억제효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 MHC II 의 경우, 인간 신경 줄기세포 표면에는 존재하지 않지만(0.5%), 미세소낭에는 MHC II가 상당부분 발현(31.5%)되어 있는 것을 발견함으로써, 인간 신경 줄기세포로부터 유래 미세소낭은 MHC II 발현이 증가되는 특징을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. MHC II, which is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect similar to CD81, does not exist on the surface of human neural stem cells (0.5%), but the microvesicle expresses a significant amount of MHC II (31.5%). Microvesicles derived from neural stem cells have been shown to be characterized by increased MHC II expression.

현재까지 알려진 암세포 혹은 수지상세포 (Dendritic cells)로부터 유래된 미세소낭은 MHC class I과 II가 높게 발현되어 있다. 특히, 수지상세포의 경우에는 CD80 혹은 CD86과 같이 T 림프구를 활성화 시킬 수 있는 보조 자극인자 (Costimulatory molecules)가 발현되어 면역반응을 촉진시킨다고 보고된 바 있다 (Thery, C., L. Duban, et al., Nat Immunol 3(12): 1156-62, 2002; Wolfers, J., A. Lozier, et al., Nat Med 7(3): 297-303, 2001). 하지만 이와 반대로 장내 상피세포 (Intestinal epithelial cells)에서 분비된 미세소낭의 경우 면역반응을 억제 시킬 수 있다는 보고가 있으며(Karlsson, M., S. Lundin, et al., Eur J Immunol 31(10): 2892-900, 2001), 다른 논문에서 역시 암세포 유래 미세소낭의 경우 이의 표면에 발현되어 있는 세포사멸 분자 (Fas ligand)에 의해서 면역세포의 사멸을 유도함으로써 면역반응을 억제시킬 수 있다고 보고된 바 있다 (Abusamra, A. J., Z. Zhong, et al., Blood Cells Mol Dis 35(2): 169-73, 2005). 따라서 미세소낭은 어떤 세포에서 유래되었는지에 따라 면역반응에서의 그 기능이 상이하고, 여러 가 지 미세환경 (Microenvironment)에 따라 비록 같은 세포에서 유래되었을 지라도 그 기능이 다양할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.Microvesicles derived from cancer cells or dendritic cells known to date are highly expressed in MHC class I and II. Particularly, dendritic cells have been reported to stimulate the immune response by expressing costimulatory molecules, such as CD80 or CD86, that can activate T lymphocytes (Thery, C., L. Duban, et al. , Nat Immunol 3 (12): 1156-62, 2002 ; Wolfers, J., A. Lozier, et al., Nat Med 7 (3): 297-303, 2001 ). In contrast, microvesicles secreted from intestinal epithelial cells have been shown to suppress immune responses (Karlsson, M., S. Lundin, et al., Eur J Immunol 31 (10): 2892-900, 2001 ), and other papers have also reported that cancer cell-derived microvesicles can suppress immune responses by inducing the death of immune cells by apoptosis molecules expressed on their surface. (Abusamra, AJ, Z. Zhong, et al., Blood Cells Mol Dis 35 (2): 169-73, 2005 ). Therefore, microvesicles have different functions in the immune response depending on which cells are derived from them, and the microenvironments may vary in their function even if they are derived from the same cells.

인간 신경 줄기세포의 경우, 세포사멸을 유도할 수 있다고 알려진 Fas ligand는 발현되지 않았으며 MHC class II 역시 수지상 세포의 유래 미세소낭 발현 수준에 미치지 못하였다. 또한, 수지상 세포에 특이적으로 발현되는 보조 자극분자는 신경 줄기세포 미세소낭에는 발현되지 않아 현재까지 알려진 다른 미세소낭에 발현되는 단백질과는 다른 새로운 종류의 단백질이 존재할 것으로 예상되고 이를 통해 면역반응을 억제 할 것으로 생각한다. 이는 앞서 언급한 바와 같이, 미세소낭의 기능이 미세소낭을 분비하는 세포 자체의 특성에 따라 다르며 미세소낭에 존재하는 단백질 또한 세포마다 다르게 존재하기 때문이라고 말할 수 있다(Simpson, R. J., S. S. Jensen, et al., Proteomics 8(19): 4083-99. 2008).In human neural stem cells, Fas ligand, which is known to induce apoptosis, was not expressed and MHC class II also did not reach the level of microvesicle expression derived from dendritic cells. In addition, secondary stimulatory molecules specifically expressed in dendritic cells are not expressed in neural stem cell microvesicles, so it is expected that there will be a new type of protein different from those expressed in other microvesicles. I think it will be suppressed. As mentioned above, it can be said that the function of microvesicles depends on the characteristics of the cells themselves secreting microvesicles, and that proteins present in microvesicles are also different from cell to cell (Simpson, RJ, SS Jensen, et. al., Proteomics 8 (19): 4083-99. 2008 ).

도 1은 인간 신경 줄기세포에서 분리한 미세소낭의 투사전자현미경 사진(좌 :저배율, 우 :고배율확대사진)을 나타낸다.1 shows a projection electron micrograph (left: low magnification, right: high magnification) of microvesicles isolated from human neural stem cells.

도 2(a)는 인간 신경 줄기세포 및 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭 발현 단백질을 SDS-PAGE로 분리한 것이고, 도 2(b)는 인간 신경 줄기세포의 자당 농도구배에 따른 초원심 분리 분획에서 미세소낭을 판별한 것이다.Figure 2 (a) is the separation of human neural stem cells and stem cell-derived microvesicle expression protein by SDS-PAGE, Figure 2 (b) is microvesicles in the ultracentrifugation fraction according to the sucrose concentration gradient of human neural stem cells Is determined.

도 3은 방사성 동위원소의 세포내 함유정도를 측정하여 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭의 활성 T 림프구의 면역 억제능을 나타낸 것으로, 미세소낭 농도구배에 비례하여 세포의 증식이 억제됨을 보여주고 있다.Figure 3 shows the immunosuppressive ability of the active T lymphocytes of human neural stem cell-derived microvesicles by measuring the degree of intracellular content of radioisotopes, showing that cell proliferation is inhibited in proportion to the microvesicle concentration gradient.

도 4는 인간 신경 줄기세포 유래 미세소낭의 세포주기 억제능을 확인한 것으로 활성 T 림프구에 미세소낭 처리시 S기에 속하는 DNA 함유정도가 감소하고, G0/G1기에 속한 DNA 함유량이 상대적으로 증가함으로써 세포주기 억제가 일어남을 확인할 수 있다. 4 shows the cell cycle inhibition ability of human neural stem cell-derived microvesicles. When the microvesicles are treated in active T lymphocytes, the DNA content of S phase decreases and the DNA content of G0 / G1 phase increases relatively to inhibit cell cycle. You can see that happens.

도 5는 인간 신경 줄기세포(B)와 여기에서 분리된 미세소낭(A) 표면 단백질의 차이를 나타낸 것으로, MHC II 단백질의 발현이 확실하게 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있다. Figure 5 shows the difference between human neural stem cells (B) and microvesicles (A) surface protein isolated here, it can be confirmed that there is a distinct difference in the expression of MHC II protein.

Claims (8)

인간 신경 줄기세포주 HB1.F3에서 분비된 미세소낭을 유효성분으로 포함하는 면역억제제.An immunosuppressive agent comprising microvesicles secreted from human neural stem cell line HB1.F3 as an active ingredient. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 미세소낭은 인간 신경 줄기세포에 비하여 30배의 MHC II 단백질을 발현하는 것을 특징으로 하는 면역억제제.The immunosuppressive agent according to claim 1, wherein the microvesicle expresses 30 times MHC II protein as compared to human neural stem cells. 제1항에 있어서, 활성화된 T 림프구의 활성 및 증식을 감소시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 면역억제제.2. An immunosuppressive agent according to claim 1, which reduces the activity and proliferation of activated T lymphocytes. 제1항에 있어서, 활성화된 T 림프구의 세포주기를 억제하는 것을 특징으로 하는 면역억제제.2. The immunosuppressive agent of claim 1, wherein the immunosuppressive agent inhibits the cell cycle of activated T lymphocytes. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 미세소낭은 칼넥신을 발현하지 않으며, 알릭스를 발현하는 것을 특징으로 하는 면역억제제.The immunosuppressive agent according to claim 1, wherein the microvesicles do not express calnexin and express alix. 삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete
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