KR100918975B1 - Car wheel nut plating method and electroless nickel plating device - Google Patents
Car wheel nut plating method and electroless nickel plating device Download PDFInfo
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- KR100918975B1 KR100918975B1 KR1020090052204A KR20090052204A KR100918975B1 KR 100918975 B1 KR100918975 B1 KR 100918975B1 KR 1020090052204 A KR1020090052204 A KR 1020090052204A KR 20090052204 A KR20090052204 A KR 20090052204A KR 100918975 B1 KR100918975 B1 KR 100918975B1
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- plating
- nickel plating
- nickel
- wheel
- electroless nickel
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 412
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 284
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950006191 gluconic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001380 potassium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CRGPNLUFHHUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium phosphinate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P=O CRGPNLUFHHUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XIKYYQJBTPYKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Ni] XIKYYQJBTPYKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229940124024 weight reducing agent Drugs 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1619—Apparatus for electroless plating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/22—Roughening, e.g. by etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76841—Barrier, adhesion or liner layers
- H01L21/76871—Layers specifically deposited to enhance or enable the nucleation of further layers, i.e. seed layers
- H01L21/76874—Layers specifically deposited to enhance or enable the nucleation of further layers, i.e. seed layers for electroless plating
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 자동차 휠너트 도금에 관한 것으로, 더 상세하게는 휠너트의 내식성 및 경도를 향상시키고 휠너트의 외부 및 내부를 균일하게 도금할 수 있는 자동차 휠너트 도금방법 및 무전해 니켈도금장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to automotive wheel nut plating, and more particularly, to a wheel nut plating method and an electroless nickel plating apparatus which can improve the corrosion resistance and hardness of a wheel nut and uniformly plate the outside and the inside of the wheel nut.
일반적으로 자동차용 휠너트는 부식방지와 장식을 위해 동-니켈-크롬의 다층도금을 하는데, 이러한 휠너트는 자동차의 안정성과 밀접한 관계에 있으며 외부에 노출되는 제품이므로 다른 제품에 비해 요구되는 도금품질이 우수하다. Generally, wheel nuts for automobiles are multi-plated with copper-nickel-chrome for corrosion protection and decoration. These wheel nuts are closely related to the stability of automobiles and are exposed to the outside, so the plating quality required is superior to other products. Do.
자동차용 휠너트 도금방법을 간단히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Brief description of the wheel nut plating method for an automobile is as follows.
먼저, 휠너트를 알칼리 열탕처리한 후 수세하고 산침지 공정을 거친다. 그리고 수세한 후 동도금 공정을 갖는다. 동도금 후 랙킹공정을 통해 다수의 휠너트를 래크에 끼우며, 랙킹공정 후 음극전해탈지 공정을 거친다. 그리고 2단수세 공정 후 산활성화 공정, 수세 공정을 거치며, 반광택 니켈도금 공정을 갖는다. 반광택 니켈도금 공정 후 수세하고 광택 니켈도금 공정을 가지며, 수세 후, 미세 기공 니켈도금인 M.P니켈도금 공정을 갖는다. 그리고 수세 후 크롬 활성화 공정을 가지며, 크 롬도금이 이루어진다. 크롬도금 후 휠너트들을 래크로부터 탈거시키고, 건조 및 방청공정을 거치며 외관검사 후 출고한다.First, the wheel nut is treated with an alkali hot water, washed with water, and subjected to an acid immersion process. After washing, it has a copper plating process. After copper plating, a number of wheel nuts are inserted into the rack through the racking process, and the cathode electrolytic degreasing process is performed after the racking process. After the two-stage washing process, it goes through an acid activation process and a washing process, and has a semi-gloss nickel plating process. After the semi-gloss nickel plating process, it is washed with water and has a polished nickel plating process, and after washing, it has a M.P nickel plating process, which is a microporous nickel plating. After washing with chromium activation process, chromium plating takes place. After chrome plating, the wheel nuts are removed from the rack, dried and rust prevented, and shipped after inspection.
이와 같이 종래의 휠너트 도금과정은 여러 단계들을 거치지만 그 핵심은 동도금, 니켈도금, 크롬도금이다.The conventional wheel nut plating process goes through several steps, but the core is copper plating, nickel plating, and chromium plating.
휠너트의 초기 도금 공정인 동도금은 전기 동도금으로 이루어진다. 그런데 전기 동도금을 하다 보면 핏트(pit), 핀홀(pin hole) 및 저전류 부분 미도금 등 불량 문제가 발생되며, 이러한 문제로 인해 도금 두께가 균일하지 않고 내식성이 떨어지는 문제점이 있다. Copper plating, the initial plating process of wheel nuts, consists of electroplating. However, when copper plating is performed, defects such as pit, pin hole, and low current partial unplating are generated. Due to these problems, plating thickness is not uniform and corrosion resistance is poor.
이러한 전기 동도금의 문제는 크게 도금되는 표면에 이물질이 흡착이 되어서 그 부분의 도금을 방해해서 생기기 때문이다. 핏트와 같은 경우, 동도금이 되는 부위에서는 캐소드(Cathode) 역할을 수행하기 때문에 수소기체가 발생하는데 이 수소기체가 굉장히 미세한 상태이기 때문에 동도금되는 과정 중에서 흡착될 수 있다.The problem of such electroplating is that foreign matter is adsorbed on the surface to be plated largely and thus is prevented from plating the part. In the case of the fit, hydrogen gas is generated because it serves as a cathode (Cathode) in the copper plating site, since the hydrogen gas is in a very fine state can be adsorbed during the copper plating process.
이와 같이 표면 도금을 하던 도중 수소기체가 달라 붙게 되면 해당부분은 수소기체가 도금을 방해하기 때문에 약간 파먹은 듯한 형태의 동도금이 이루어진다. 따라서 전기 동도금은 균일한 도금 두께를 얻기가 매우 어려우며 이에 따라 내식성이 떨어지는 문제점이 있다.As such, when the hydrogen gas adheres to the surface during plating, the portion of copper gas is slightly infiltrated because the hydrogen gas interferes with the plating. Therefore, it is very difficult to obtain a uniform plating thickness of the electroplating, and thus there is a problem in that corrosion resistance is poor.
상술한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 본 발명의 목적은, 도금처리된 휠너트의 내식성이 향상되도록 한 자동차 휠너트 도금방법 및 무전해 니켈도금장치를 제공하는데 있다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention for solving the above problems is to provide an automobile wheel nut plating method and an electroless nickel plating apparatus for improving the corrosion resistance of a plated wheel nut.
본 발명의 다른 목적은, 휠너트의 외주면과 내주면 전체가 균일하게 도금되도록 한 자동차 휠너트 도금방법 및 무전해 니켈도금장치를 제공하는데 있다.Another object of the present invention is to provide an automobile wheel nut plating method and an electroless nickel plating apparatus in which an entire outer circumferential surface and an inner circumferential surface of a wheel nut are uniformly plated.
이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 자동차 휠너트 도금방법은, 휠너트를 알칼리 열탕에 담가서 휠너트 내외의 기름성분을 제거하는 탈지단계; 탈지된 휠너트들을 수세한 후 음극전해탈지시키는 전기탈지단계; 전기탈지된 휠너트를 수세한 후 휠너트 캡 둘레의 스케일을 제거시키는 산처리단계; 산처리된 휠너트들을 무전해 니켈도금액에 담가서 휠너트들의 외주면 및 내주면 전체에 무전해로 니켈을 도금하는 무전해 니켈도금단계; 무전해 니켈도금단계 후 수세하고 다수의 휠너트들을 래크에 끼워서 장착시키는 랙킹단계; 랙킹단계에서 래크에 장착된 다수의 휠너트들을 염화니켈 및 염산으로 이루어진 니켈스트라이크용액에 담가서 도금이 들뜨지 않도록 하는 니켈스트라이크단계; 니켈스트라이크단계 후 수세하고 휠너트들을 반광택 니켈도금액에 담가서 반광택 니켈도금을 하는 반광택 니켈도금단계; 반광택 니켈도금 후 수세하고 휠너트들을 광택 니켈도금액에 담가서 광택 니켈도금을 수행하는 광택 니켈도금단계; 광택 니켈도금단계 후 수세하고 휠너트의 도금 표면의 미 세 기공을 부여시키기 위해 니켈도금을 수행하는 M.P니켈도금단계; M.P니켈도금단계 후 수세하고 휠너트를 크롬도금액에 담가서 크롬도금을 수행하는 크롬도금단계로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, the wheel nut plating method of the present invention includes a degreasing step of dipping a wheel nut in an alkaline boiling water to remove oil components in and out of the wheel nut; An electric degreasing step of washing the degreased wheel nuts with a cathode and then electrolytic degreasing; An acid treatment step of washing the electrodegreasing wheel nut and removing a scale around the wheel nut cap; An electroless nickel plating step of immersing the acid-treated wheel nuts in an electroless nickel plating solution and plating nickel electrolessly on the outer and inner circumferences of the wheel nuts; A racking step of washing after the electroless nickel plating step and mounting a plurality of wheel nuts by fitting them to the rack; A nickel strike step of immersing a plurality of wheel nuts mounted on the rack in a racking step in a nickel strike solution made of nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid to prevent plating; A semi-gloss nickel plating step of washing after the nickel strike step and immersing the wheel nuts in a semi-gloss nickel plating solution to semi-gloss nickel plating; A polished nickel plating step of washing after semi-glossy nickel plating and immersing the wheel nuts in a bright nickel plating solution to perform bright nickel plating; M.P nickel plating step of washing after the bright nickel plating step and performing nickel plating to impart fine pores of the plating surface of the wheel nut; It is characterized by consisting of a chrome plating step of washing after the M.P nickel plating step and immersing the wheel nut in the chromium plating solution to perform chrome plating.
자동차 휠너트 도금방법의 다른 특징 중, 무전해 니켈도금단계의 무전해 니켈도금액은, 황산니켈 또는 염화니켈로 이루어진 니켈이온공급원과, 차아인산나트륨, 차아인산칼륨 중 어느 하나로 이루어진 환원제와, 구연산 또는 글리콘산으로 이루어진 착화제와, 빙초산으로 이루어진 완충제와, 황화합물인 인히비터로 이루어진 안정제와, 계면활성제인 습윤제로 이루어진다.Among other features of the automotive wheel nut plating method, the electroless nickel plating solution in the electroless nickel plating step includes a nickel ion source made of nickel sulfate or nickel chloride, a reducing agent made of sodium hypophosphite or potassium hypophosphite, and citric acid or It consists of a complexing agent consisting of glyconic acid, a buffer consisting of glacial acetic acid, a stabilizer consisting of an inhibitor which is a sulfur compound, and a wetting agent which is a surfactant.
본 발명 자동차 휠너트 도금방법의 또 다른 특징 중, 무전해 니켈도금액은, 니켈이온공급원 59∼69 중량%, 환원제 13∼23 중량%, 착화제 0.1∼1.1 중량%, 완충제 13∼23 중량%, 안정제 0.1∼0.3 중량%, 습윤제 0.05∼0.2 중량%로 이루어진다.In still another feature of the method for plating a wheel nut of an automobile of the present invention, the electroless nickel plating solution includes 59-69 wt% of nickel ion source, 13-23 wt% of reducing agent, 0.1-1.1 wt% of complexing agent, 13-23 wt% of buffering agent, It consists of 0.1 to 0.3 weight% of stabilizer and 0.05 to 0.2 weight% of humectant.
본 발명의 자동차 휠너트 도금방법의 또 다른 특징 중, 무전해 니켈도금단계는, 도금온도는 80∼100℃이고, 무전해 니켈도금액은 pH4∼pH6이며, 도금시간은 10∼15분동안 이루어진다.Among other features of the automotive wheel nut plating method of the present invention, the electroless nickel plating step has a plating temperature of 80 to 100 ° C., an electroless nickel plating solution to pH 4 to pH 6, and a plating time of 10 to 15 minutes.
본 발명의 자동차 휠너트 도금방법의 또 다른 특징 중, 니켈스트라이크단계의 니켈스트라이크용액은, 염화니켈 99.5∼99.9 중량%와 염산 0.1∼0.5 중량%가 혼합되어 이루어진다.Among other features of the automotive wheel nut plating method of the present invention, the nickel strike solution in the nickel strike stage is made by mixing 99.5 to 99.9 wt% of nickel chloride and 0.1 to 0.5 wt% of hydrochloric acid.
본 발명 자동차 휠너트 도금방법의 또 다른 특징 중, 니켈스트라이크단계는, 니켈스크라이크용액에서 전류밀도 5∼10A/dm2, 15∼25℃의 온도, 1∼2분 동안 이루 어진다.Among other features of the method for plating a wheel nut of the present invention, the nickel strike step is performed for 1 to 2 minutes at a temperature of 5 to 10 A / dm 2 and a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C. in a nickel strike solution.
상술한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 자동차 휠너트 도금용 무전해 니켈도금장치는, 물탱크와, 물탱크의 내부에 설치되어서 물탱크 내의 물이 40∼50℃를 유지하도록 가열하는 물가열히터와, 물탱크의 내부에 회전되도록 설치되고 다수의 휠너트들이 투입되며 투입된 휠너트들을 회전시키면서 그 외면의 기름을 탈지시키는 탈지용바렐로 이루어진 전해탈지부; 전해탈지부의 일측에 설치되고 탈지된 물탱크 내의 기름을 제거하는 유수분리기; 전해탈지부의 일측에 설치되고 탈지된 휠너트들이 투입되며 휠너트 캡 둘레의 스케일을 제거하기 위하여 산침지시키는 산처리부; 산처리부의 일측에 설치되고 무전해 니켈도금액이 저장되는 니켈도금액탱크와, 니켈도금액탱크 내부에 설치되어서 무전해 니켈도금액의 온도가 80∼100℃를 유지하도록 가열하는 도금액가열히터와, 니켈도금액탱크의 내부에 회전되도록 구비되고 다수의 휠너트들이 투입되며 투입된 휠너트들을 회전시키는 무전해 니켈도금바렐과, 니켈도금액탱크에 설치되어서 무전해 니켈도금액 내의 이물질을 여과하는 여과기로 이루어져서, 휠너트들의 외주면 및 내주면 전체를 무전해 니켈도금하는 무전해 니켈도금부; 전해탈지부, 산처리부, 무전해 니켈도금부의 일측에 설치되어서 휠너트들이 전해탈지, 산처리, 무전해 니켈도금을 거친 휠너트들이 세척되는 수세부; 탈지용바렐, 무전해 니켈도금바렐에 연결되어서 이들을 제어하는 구동부로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 한다.The electroless nickel plating apparatus for automobile wheel nut plating of the present invention for achieving the above object includes a water tank, a water heating heater installed inside the water tank and heating the water in the water tank to maintain 40 to 50 ° C. An electrolytic degreasing unit comprising a degreasing barrel for degreasing oil on its outer surface while rotating the wheel nuts into which a plurality of wheel nuts are inserted and rotated. An oil / water separator installed at one side of the electrolytic degreasing unit and removing oil in the degreased water tank; An acid treatment part installed at one side of the electrolytic degreasing part and input with degreasing wheel nuts and acid immersed to remove scale around the wheel nut cap; A nickel plating solution tank installed at one side of the acid treatment unit and storing the electroless nickel plating solution, and a plating solution heating heater installed inside the nickel plating solution tank to heat the electroless nickel plating solution to maintain a temperature of 80 to 100 ° C; It consists of an electroless nickel plating barrel which is provided to rotate inside the nickel plating tank, and a plurality of wheel nuts are inserted and rotates the introduced wheel nuts, and a filter which is installed in the nickel plating liquid tank to filter foreign matter in the electroless nickel plating solution. Electroless nickel plating for electroless nickel plating of the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the wheel nuts; A washing part installed at one side of the electrolytic degreasing part, the acid treatment part, and the electroless nickel plating part, and the wheel nuts being washed with the wheel nuts undergoing electrolytic degreasing, acid treatment, and electroless nickel plating; It is characterized by consisting of a drive for controlling the degreasing barrel, the electroless nickel plated barrel.
이상에서와 같은 본 발명은, 무전해로 니켈도금이 이루어지며 다수의 휠너트 들이 무전해 니켈도금액에 침지된 상태로 도금되므로 무전해 니켈도금액에 접촉되는 휠너트들의 모든 접촉면에서 동일한 조건으로 도금이 이루어진다. 따라서 무전해 니켈도금액에 접촉되는 휠너트들의 외주면은 물론 내주면 전체에서 동일한 조건의 화학반응이 일어나면서 무전해 니켈도금되므로 휠너트들의 외주면 및 내주면 전체에 도금두께가 균일하다.As described above, in the present invention, since nickel plating is performed electrolessly and a plurality of wheel nuts are plated while being immersed in an electroless nickel plating solution, plating is performed under the same conditions on all contact surfaces of wheel nuts contacting the electroless nickel plating solution. Is done. Therefore, since the electrochemical nickel plating occurs on the outer circumferential surface of the wheel nuts contacting the electroless nickel plating solution as well as the entire inner circumferential surface, the plating thickness is uniform on the outer circumferential surface and the inner circumferential surface of the wheel nuts.
무전해 니켈도금은 균일 석출성이 뛰어나고 피막특성도 안정적이어서 전기 도금법에서는 얻을 수 없는 많은 장점들을 갖는다. 특히 치아인산염을 환원제로 이용한 무전해 니켈도금은 내식성이 뛰어난 피막을 얻을 수 있고 저비용과 생산성이 향상되며 피막의 경도가 크게 향상되는 장점을 갖는다. Electroless nickel plating has many advantages that are not obtained by the electroplating method because it has excellent uniformity of deposition and stable coating properties. In particular, electroless nickel plating using phosphate as a reducing agent has an advantage of obtaining a coating having excellent corrosion resistance, improving low cost and productivity, and greatly improving the hardness of the coating.
본 발명의 구체적인 특징 및 이점은 첨부된 도면을 참조한 이하의 설명으로 더욱 명확해 질 것이다.Specific features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
도 1은 본 발명의 자동차 휠너트 도금방법을 순차적으로 보인 개략적 순서도이고, 도 2는 본 발명의 자동차 휠너트 도금용 무전해 니켈도금장치를 보인 개략도이다. Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart showing the automotive wheel nut plating method of the present invention in sequence, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing an electroless nickel plating apparatus for automobile wheel nut plating of the present invention.
본 발명의 자동차 휠너트 도금방법은, 먼저 탈지단계(S10)를 갖는다. 이 탈지단계(S10)에서 휠너트를 열탕에 담가서 휠너트 안팎의 유지를 제거한다. 탈지단계(S10)시 열탕의 온도는 50∼70℃를 유지한다. 이러한 열탕의 온도는 알칼리염을 활성화시키기 위한 적정온도이다.Automobile wheel nut plating method of the present invention, first has a degreasing step (S10). In this degreasing step (S10), the wheel nut is immersed in a hot water to remove the inside and outside of the wheel nut. During the degreasing step (S10) the temperature of the hot water is maintained at 50 ~ 70 ℃. The temperature of such hot water is a suitable temperature for activating an alkali salt.
탈지단계(S10) 후 수세한다. 이 수세공정은 한 단계를 거친 휠너트들이 다음 단계로 이송될 때마다 매번 이루어지므로 한 단계의 용액이 다음단계의 용액에 섞이는 문제가 방지된다.Washed after the degreasing step (S10). This washing process is performed every time the wheel nuts passed through one step are transferred to the next step, thereby preventing the problem of mixing one step solution with the next step solution.
탈지된 휠너트들을 수세한 후 음극전해탈지시키는 전기탈지단계(S20)를 갖는다. 전기탈지단계(S20)를 통해 휠너트 표면의 불순물 및 산화피막을 제거한다. 전기탈지된 휠너트를 수세한 후 휠너트 캡 둘레의 스케일을 제거시키는 산처리단계(S30)를 갖는다.After washing the degreased wheel nuts and has an electrodegreasing step (S20) of the cathode electrolytic degreasing. The degreasing step (S20) removes impurities and oxide film on the wheel nut surface. After washing the degreased wheel nut has an acid treatment step (S30) for removing the scale around the wheel nut cap.
산처리된 휠너트들을 무전해 니켈도금액에 담가서 휠너트들의 외주면 및 내주면 전체에 무전해로 니켈을 도금하는 무전해 니켈도금단계(S40)를 갖는다. The acid-treated wheel nuts are immersed in an electroless nickel plating solution, and the electroless nickel plating step (S40) of electroless nickel plating is performed on the outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the wheel nuts.
이 무전해 니켈도금단계(S40)에서 무전해 니켈도금액은, 니켈이온공급원, 환원제, 착화제, 안정제, 습윤제로 이루어진다. In this electroless nickel plating step (S40), the electroless nickel plating solution is composed of a nickel ion source, a reducing agent, a complexing agent, a stabilizer, and a wetting agent.
니켈이온공급원은 니켈 금속을 포함하고 있는 전해질로써, 황산니켈, 염화니켈 중 어느 하나의 것으로 이루어지며, 휠너트의 안밖에 무전해 니켈 도금이 이루어지도록 한다. 환원제는 니켈이온을 니켈 금속으로 환원시키므로 니켈이온이 휠너트의 외주면 및 내주면 전체에 잘 달라 붙도록 하는 역할을 하며, 차아인산나트륨, 차아인산칼륨 중 어느 하나로 이루어진다. 착화제는 니켈이온의 반응을 제어하여서 휠너트 안밖에 달라 붙는 니켈 양을 조절하는 역할을 하며, 구연산, 글리콘산 중 어느 하나로 이루어진다. 완충제는 pH의 변화를 완충시키는 역할을 하며, 아세트산으로 이루어진다. 안정제는 도금속도를 제어하고 도금액의 분해를 방지하는 역할을 하며 황화합물인 인히비터로 이루어진다. 습윤제는, 계면활성제로 이루어진다.The nickel ion source is an electrolyte containing nickel metal, and is made of either nickel sulfate or nickel chloride, and the electroless nickel plating is performed outside the wheel nut. The reducing agent reduces nickel ions to nickel metal so that the nickel ions stick to the entire outer circumferential surface and inner circumferential surface of the wheel nut and are made of any one of sodium hypophosphite and potassium hypophosphite. The complexing agent controls the reaction of nickel ions to control the amount of nickel sticking inside and outside the wheel nut, and is made of either citric acid or glyconic acid. The buffer serves to buffer changes in pH and consists of acetic acid. The stabilizer controls the plating rate and prevents decomposition of the plating solution and consists of an sulfur compound inhibitor. Wetting agents consist of surfactants.
이러한 재료들로 이루어진 무전해 니켈도금액은, 니켈이온공급원 59∼69 중 량%, 환원제 13∼23 중량%, 착화제 0.1∼1.1 중량%, 완충제 13∼23 중량%, 안정제 0.1∼0.3 중량%, 습윤제 0.05∼0.2 중량%로 이루어진다.The electroless nickel plating solution composed of these materials is 59-69% by weight of nickel ion source, 13-23% by weight reducing agent, 0.1-1.1% by weight complexing agent, 13-23% by weight buffer, 0.1-0.3% by weight stabilizer. And wetting agent 0.05 to 0.2 wt%.
니켈이온공급원은 59∼69 중량%를 갖는다. 니켈이온공급원이 59 중량% 미만이면, 니켈이온이 충분하지 못하여 휠너트 안밖에 충분한 니켈 도금이 이루어지지 못하며, 조악 표면이 형성된다. 니켈이온공급원이 69 중량%를 초과하면 휠너트의 안밖에 니켈 도금이 불필요하게 두껍게 도금되며, 도금 단가가 크게 상승되는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 니켈이온공급원 59∼69 중량%가 가장 적합하다.The nickel ion source has 59 to 69 weight percent. If the nickel ion source is less than 59% by weight, the nickel ion may not be sufficient and sufficient nickel plating may be performed inside and outside the wheel nut, and a coarse surface is formed. If the nickel ion source exceeds 69% by weight, nickel plating is unnecessarily thickly plated inside and outside the wheel nut, and there is a problem in that the plating unit price is greatly increased. Therefore, 59-69% by weight of nickel ion source is most suitable.
환원제는 13∼23 중량%로 이루어진다. 환원제가 13 중량% 미만이면, 니켈이온을 니켈금속으로 충분히 환원시키지 못하므로 휠너트의 안밖에 무전해 니켈도금이 제대로 이루어지지 않으며, 환원제가 23 중량%를 초과하면 과반응이 일어나면서 이 또한 무전해 니켈도금이 제대로 이루어지지 않는다. 따라서 환원제는 13∼23 중량%가 가장 적합하다.The reducing agent consists of 13 to 23% by weight. If the reducing agent is less than 13% by weight, the nickel ions are not sufficiently reduced by nickel metal, and thus, electroless nickel plating is not properly performed inside and outside the wheel nut, and when the reducing agent is more than 23% by weight, overreaction occurs and it is also electroless. Nickel plating does not work properly. Therefore, the reducing agent is most suited 13 to 23% by weight.
착화제는 0.1∼1.1 중량%로 이루어진다. 착화제는 니켈이온의 반응을 제어하여서 휠너트 안밖에 달라 붙는 니켈 양을 조절하는 역할을 하므로 착화제가 0.1 중량% 미만이면, 니켈이온이 휠너트의 안밖에 제대로 달라 붙지 않으므로 니켈도금이 제대로 이루어지지 않는다. 착화제가 1.1 중량%를 초과하면 휠너트 안밖에 달라 붙는 니켈이온 함량이 과다하여 도금 단가가 급격히 상승되며, 인의 용해성을 증가시켜서 도금액 안에 불필요한 부산물을 증가시키는 문제점이 발생된다. 따라서 착화제는 0.1∼1.1 중량%를 유지하는 것이 가장 바람직하다.The complexing agent consists of 0.1 to 1.1% by weight. The complexing agent controls the reaction of the nickel ions to control the amount of nickel stuck to the wheel nut. If the complexing agent is less than 0.1% by weight, the nickel ions do not stick properly to the inside of the wheel nut. If the complexing agent exceeds 1.1% by weight, the plating cost increases rapidly due to the excessive amount of nickel ions sticking out of the wheel nut, thereby increasing the solubility of phosphorus and increasing unnecessary by-products in the plating solution. Therefore, the complexing agent is most preferably maintained at 0.1 to 1.1% by weight.
완충제는 13∼23 중량%로 이루어지며, 이러한 완충제는 pH의 변화를 완충시 키는 역할을 한다. 완충제가 13 중량% 미만이면 pH의 변화가 심해지며 도금층이 불안정하고 도금층의 박리현상이 발생된다. 완충제가 23 중량%를 초과하면 도금속도가 불균일해지며 이에 따라 도금상태가 불량해진다. 따라서 완충제는 13∼23 중량%가 가장 적합하다.The buffer consists of 13 to 23% by weight, and this buffer serves to buffer the change in pH. If the buffer is less than 13% by weight, the pH is severely changed, the plating layer is unstable and peeling of the plating layer occurs. If the buffer exceeds 23% by weight, the plating speed becomes nonuniform, resulting in poor plating. Therefore, 13 to 23% by weight of the buffer is most suitable.
안정제는 0.1∼0.3 중량%로 이루어지며, 도금속도를 제어하고 도금액의 분해를 방지한다. 이러한 안정제가 0.1 중량% 미만이면, 도금액의 분해가 쉽게 이루어지므로 도금액의 수명이 그만큼 짧아진다. 안정제가 0.3 중량%를 초과하면 도금액에 불순물로써 존재하게 되며 도금표면에 좋지 않은 영향을 미치게 한다. 따라서 안정제는 0.1∼0.3 중량%가 가장 적합하다.The stabilizer is 0.1 to 0.3% by weight, controls the plating rate and prevents decomposition of the plating liquid. If the stabilizer is less than 0.1% by weight, the plating liquid is easily decomposed and the life of the plating liquid is shortened by that amount. If the stabilizer exceeds 0.3% by weight, it is present as an impurity in the plating solution and adversely affects the plating surface. Therefore, the stabilizer is most suitable 0.1 to 0.3% by weight.
이러한 무전해 니켈도금액에 의해 이루어지는 무전해 니켈도금단계(S40)는, 도금온도는 80∼100℃이고, 무전해 니켈도금액은 pH4∼pH6이며, 도금시간은 10∼15분동안 이루어진다.The electroless nickel plating step (S40) made of such an electroless nickel plating solution has a plating temperature of 80 to 100 ° C, an electroless nickel plating solution of pH 4 to pH 6, and a plating time of 10 to 15 minutes.
도금온도가 80℃ 미만이면 무전해 니켈도금이 제대로 이루어지지 않으며, 도금온도가 100℃를 초과하면 무전해 니켈도금 속도가 너무 빨라져서 휠너트의 도금 표면이 거칠어진다.If the plating temperature is less than 80 ℃ electroless nickel plating is not performed properly, if the plating temperature exceeds 100 ℃ electroless nickel plating speed is too fast, the surface of the wheel nut plating becomes rough.
무전해 니켈도금액이 pH4 미만이면 도금속도가 불균일해지며 이에 따라 도금상태가 불량해진다. 무전해 니켈도금액이 pH6를 초과하면 도금층이 불안정하고 도금층의 박리현상이 발생된다. 따라서 무전해 니켈도금액은 pH4∼pH6를 유지하는 것이 바람직하다. 휠너트들을 무전해 니켈도금액에 담가서 무전해 니켈도금을 하다 보면 차아인산나트륨과의 반응에 의해 pH가 점차 상승되며 이때 아세트산을 투입하 여서 무전해 니켈도금액이 pH4∼pH6를 유지하도록 한다.If the electroless nickel plating solution is less than pH4, the plating speed becomes nonuniform, resulting in poor plating. When the electroless nickel plating solution exceeds pH6, the plating layer becomes unstable and peeling phenomenon occurs. Therefore, it is preferable that the electroless nickel plating solution maintains pH 4 to pH 6. When the wheel nuts are immersed in an electroless nickel plating solution and electroless nickel plating, the pH is gradually increased by reaction with sodium hypophosphite. At this time, the electroless nickel plating solution is maintained at pH 4 to pH 6 by adding acetic acid.
무전해 니켈도금단계(S40)에서 도금시간은 10∼15분동안 이루어진다. 도금시간이 10분 미만이면 최적의 도금두께인 3마이크로미터의 두께를 유지하지 못하며 이에 따라 도금불량 문제가 발생된다. 도금시간이 15분을 초과하면 최적의 도금두께보다 더 두껍게 도금되면서 도금단가가 급격히 상승된다. 따라서 도금시간은 10∼15분이 가장 바람직하다.In the electroless nickel plating step (S40), the plating time is made for 10 to 15 minutes. If the plating time is less than 10 minutes, the thickness of 3 micrometers, which is the optimal plating thickness, cannot be maintained, thereby causing plating failure. If the plating time exceeds 15 minutes, the plating cost increases sharply while plating thicker than the optimum plating thickness. Therefore, the plating time is most preferably 10 to 15 minutes.
도 2는 무전해 니켈도금단계(S40)를 통해 휠너트 안밖에 무전해 니켈 도금이 이루어진 후 경도를 측정한 결과를 보인 그래프이다.2 is a graph showing a result of measuring hardness after electroless nickel plating is performed outside the wheel nut through the electroless nickel plating step (S40).
이러한 무전해 니켈 도금으로 이루어진 무전해 니켈 피막은 500∼700 HK100 (45∼58 HRC)의 경도를 갖는다. 한편, 열처리를 했을 경우, 경질크롬과 동등한 1100 HK100 까지 경도가 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있다.The electroless nickel film made of such electroless nickel plating has a hardness of 500 to 700 HK 100 (45 to 58 HRC). On the other hand, when the heat treatment, it can be seen that the hardness increases to 1100 HK 100 equivalent to hard chromium.
이와 같은 방법으로 무전해 니켈도금단계(S40)가 이루어지면 수세한 후 다수의 휠너트들을 래크에 끼워서 장착시키는 랙킹단계(S50)를 갖는다. If the electroless nickel plating step (S40) is made in such a manner, the washing step includes a racking step (S50) of mounting a plurality of wheel nuts by inserting them into the rack.
랙킹단계(S50) 후 래크에 장착된 다수의 휠너트들을 염화니켈 및 염산으로 이루어진 니켈스트라이크용액에 담가서 도금이 들뜨지 않도록 하는 니켈스트라이크단계(S60)를 갖는다.After the racking step (S50) has a nickel strike step (S60) to immerse a plurality of wheel nuts mounted on the rack in a nickel strike solution consisting of nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid so that the plating is not lifted.
염화욕이라고도 하는 니켈스트라이크단계(S60)는 무전해 니켈층과 반광택 니켈층 사이에 도금되어서 반광택 니켈층이 들뜨지 않도록 하는 단계이다. 이 니켈스트라이크단계(S60)에 사용되는 니켈스트라이크용액은, 염화니켈 99.5∼99.9 중량% 와 염산 0.1∼0.5 중량%가 혼합되어 이루어진다.The nickel strike step (S60), also called a chloride bath, is a step in which the semi-gloss nickel layer is prevented from being lifted by being plated between the electroless nickel layer and the semi-gloss nickel layer. The nickel strike solution used in the nickel strike step (S60) is made by mixing 99.5 to 99.9 wt% of nickel chloride and 0.1 to 0.5 wt% of hydrochloric acid.
염화니켈은 99.5∼99.9 중량%가 혼합되는데, 염화니켈의 혼합비율이 99.5 중량% 미만이면 휠너트 안밖에 피막이 제대로 형성되지 않으므로 도금불량이 발생된다. 염화니켈이 99.9 중량%를 초과하면 도금속도가 너무 빨라져서 도금된 휠너트의 표면이 거칠어진다. 따라서 니켈스트라이크용액에 혼합되는 염화니켈은 99.5∼99.9 중량%가 가장 적합하다.Nickel chloride is mixed 99.5 ~ 99.9% by weight, if the mixing ratio of nickel chloride is less than 99.5% by weight because the coating film is not properly formed inside the wheel nut, poor plating occurs. If nickel chloride exceeds 99.9% by weight, the plating speed becomes so high that the surface of the plated wheel nut becomes rough. Therefore, 99.5 to 99.9 wt% of nickel chloride mixed in the nickel strike solution is most suitable.
염산은 0.1∼0.5 중량%가 혼합된다. 염산의 혼합비율이 0.1 중량% 미만이면 도금층이 휠너트의 안밖에 제대로 부착되지 못하고 박리되는 현상이 발생된다. 염산의 혼합비율이 0.5 중량%를 초과하면 도금 표면이 손상되면서 도금불량의 원인이 된다. 따라서 니켈스트라이크용액에 혼합되는 염산의 혼합비율은 0.1∼0.5 중량%가 가장 바람직하다.Hydrochloric acid is mixed with 0.1 to 0.5% by weight. If the mixing ratio of hydrochloric acid is less than 0.1% by weight, the plating layer may not be properly attached to the inside of the wheel nut and peeling occurs. If the mixing ratio of hydrochloric acid is more than 0.5% by weight, the plating surface is damaged, causing a plating failure. Therefore, the mixing ratio of hydrochloric acid mixed in the nickel strike solution is most preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
니켈스트라이크단계(S60)는, 상술한 니켈스크라이크용액에서 전류밀도 5∼10A/dm2, 15∼25℃의 온도, 1∼2분 동안 이루어진다.The nickel strike step (S60) is performed for 1 to 2 minutes at a temperature of 5 to 10 A / dm 2 , a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C., in the nickel strike solution described above.
전류밀도가 5A/dm2 미만이면 도금속도가 너무 느려서 작업능률이 저하되며, 전류밀도가 10A/dm2를 초과하면 도금속도는 빨라지나 도금표면이 거칠어지는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 전류밀도 5∼10A/dm2 가 가장 바람직하다.If the current density is less than 5A / dm 2, the plating speed is too slow, the work efficiency is lowered. If the current density exceeds 10A / dm 2 , the plating speed is faster, but the plating surface is rough. Therefore, the current density of 5-10 A / dm 2 is most preferred.
니켈스트라이크단계(S60)에서 용액의 온도는 15∼25℃를 유지한다. 용액의 온도가 15℃ 미만이면 도금속도가 너무 느려서 작업능률이 저하되며, 용액의 온도 가 25℃를 초과하면 도금속도는 빨라지나 도금표면이 거칠어지는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 용액의 온도는 15∼25℃가 가장 바람직하다.The temperature of the solution in the nickel strike step (S60) is maintained at 15-25 ℃. If the temperature of the solution is less than 15 ℃ plating rate is too slow to reduce the work efficiency, if the temperature of the solution exceeds 25 ℃ the plating speed is faster but there is a problem that the plating surface is rough. Therefore, the temperature of the solution is most preferably 15 to 25 ℃.
니켈스트라이트단계(S60)에서 휠너트의 침지시간은 1∼2분 동안 이루어진다. 휠너트의 침지시간이 1분 미만이면 도금두께가 그만큼 얇아지게 되어서 제품불량의 원인이 되며, 휠너트의 침지시간이 2분을 초과하면 도금두께가 불필요하게 두꺼워지면서 도금단가가 크게 상승된다.The nickel nut immersion time of the wheel nut in the step (S60) is made for 1 to 2 minutes. If the immersion time of the wheel nut is less than 1 minute, the plating thickness becomes thin that much, which causes the defect of the product. If the immersion time of the wheel nut exceeds 2 minutes, the plating thickness is unnecessarily thick and the plating cost is greatly increased.
이러한 니켈스트라이크단계(S60) 후 수세하고 휠너트들을 반광택 니켈도금액에 담가서 반광택 니켈도금을 하는 반광택 니켈도금단계(S70)를 갖는다. 이 반광택니켈도금단계(S70)를 거치면서 내식성이 확보된다.After the nickel strike step (S60) has a semi-gloss nickel plating step (S70) of washing with water and immersing the wheel nuts in a semi-gloss nickel plating solution to semi-gloss nickel plating. Corrosion resistance is secured through this semi-gloss nickel plating step (S70).
반광택 니켈도금단계(S70) 후 수세하고 휠너트들을 광택 니켈도금액에 담가서 광택 니켈도금을 수행하는 광택 니켈도금단계(S80)를 갖는다. 이 단계를 통해서 휠너트의 장식성이 향상된다.After the semi-gloss nickel plating step (S70) has a polished nickel plating step (S80) to rinse and immerse the wheel nuts in a bright nickel plating solution to perform a bright nickel plating. This step improves the decorativeness of the wheel nuts.
광택 니켈도금단계(S80) 후 수세하고 휠너트의 도금 표면에 미세 기공을 부여하기 위한 M.P(Micro Porous)니켈도금단계(S90)를 갖는다. M.P니켈도금단계(S90)를 통해서 도금된 휠너트의 내식성이 확보된다.After the polished nickel plating step (S80) it has a M.P (Micro Porous) nickel plating step (S90) for washing with water and imparting micro pores to the plating surface of the wheel nut. Corrosion resistance of the plated wheel nut is secured through the M.P nickel plating step (S90).
M.P니켈도금단계(S90) 후 수세하고 휠너트를 크롬도금액에 담가서 크롬도금을 수행하는 크롬도금단계(S100)를 가지며, 이 크롬도금단계(S100)를 통해서 휠너트의 장식성이 향상되고, 휠너트의 경도 및 내마모성이 증대된다.After the MP nickel plating step (S90), it has a chrome plating step (S100) of washing with water and immersing the wheel nut in the chromium plating solution to perform chrome plating. The chrome plating step (S100) improves the decoration of the wheel nut, and the hardness of the wheel nut. And wear resistance is increased.
도 3은 본 발명의 자동차 휠너트 도금용 무전해 니켈도금장치를 보인 개략도 로써, 이는 전해탈지부(10), 유수분리기(20), 산처리부(30), 무전해 니켈도금부(40), 수세부(50), 구동부(60)로 이루어진다.3 is a schematic view showing an electroless nickel plating apparatus for automobile wheel nut plating of the present invention, which is an
전해탈지부(10)는, 물탱크(11)와, 물탱크(11)의 내부에 설치되어서 물탱크(11) 내의 물이 40∼50℃를 유지하도록 가열하는 물가열히터(12)와, 물탱크(11)의 내부에 회전되도록 설치되고 다수의 휠너트들이 투입되며 투입된 휠너트들을 회전시키면서 그 외면의 기름을 탈지시키는 탈지용바렐(13)로 이루어진다.The
유수분리기(20)는, 전해탈지부(10)의 일측에 설치되고 탈지된 물탱크(11) 내의 기름을 제거한다. 전해탈지부(10)의 물탱크(11) 내에는 휠너트로부터 탈지된 기름이 섞여 있거나 물 위에 뜨게 된다. 유수분리기(20)는 물탱크(11) 내의 물에서 이러한 기름을 제거하므로 전해탈지가 원활히 이루어지도록 한다. The oil /
이러한 유수분리기(20)는 기름과 물의 밀도차에 의해 수중의 기름을 부력을 이용하여 분리하는 장치로서 API유수분리기, PPI유수분리기, CPI유수분리기 등이 있다. 에멀션화한 기름을 함유한 폐수의 유수분리기를 설명하면 다음과 같다.The oil-
교반조에 폐수를 넣고 분리제와 흡착제를 첨가하여 급격히 교반시키면 분리제의 작용에 의해 에멀션은 물과 기름으로 분리된다. 분리된 기름은 흡착제에 흡수되고 폐수는 물과 기름을 흡착한 두 개의 흡착제로 나누어진다. 이때 폐수는 80℃로 가온하여 5∼10분간 교반시킨다. 유수분리한 폐수는 여과실로 옮겨 물과 오일케이크로 나눈다. 처리수 중의 잔유량은 20㎎/L 이하가 된다. The waste water is added to the stirring tank, the separator and the adsorbent are added and stirred rapidly. The emulsion is separated into water and oil by the action of the separator. The separated oil is absorbed by the adsorbent and the wastewater is divided into two adsorbents that adsorb water and oil. At this time, the wastewater is heated to 80 ℃ and stirred for 5 to 10 minutes. The separated waste water is transferred to the filtration chamber and divided into water and oil cake. The residual amount in the treated water is 20 mg / L or less.
유리유(遊離油)를 함유한 폐수의 처리에는 API식 유수분리기 등이 사용된다. 폐수 중에 100∼300㎎/L 범위의 미세한 유적(油滴)이 현탁되어 있을 때는 백반 4∼ 25㎎/L, 유산반토 0∼6㎎/L을 첨가하여 가압부상분리(加壓浮上分離) 조작을 행하면 75∼90%의 기름이 분리된다. 이 방법은 유적군에 기포가 부착하여 수면에 스컴(scum)층을 형성한다. 이 스컴층은 기계로 긁어 제거한다. 분리수는 내측에 설치된 격벽판과 외벽 사이를 통해 배출된다API-type oil-water separator etc. are used for the treatment of wastewater containing a free oil. When fine oils in the range of 100 to 300 mg / L are suspended in the wastewater, pressurized flotation is carried out by adding 4 to 25 mg / L of alum and 0 to 6 mg / L of lactic alumina. 75 to 90% of oil will be separated. In this method, bubbles are attached to the remains group to form a scum layer on the surface of the water. This scum layer is scraped off with a machine. Separation water is discharged between the partition wall and the outer wall installed inside.
산처리부(30)는 전해탈지부(10)의 일측에 설치되고 탈지된 휠너트들이 투입되며 휠너트 캡 둘레의 스케일을 제거한다.The
무전해 니켈도금부(40)는, 니켈도금액탱크(41), 도금액가열히터(42), 무전해 니켈도금바렐(43), 여과기(44)로 이루어진다. 니켈도금액탱크(41)는, 산처리부(30)의 일측에 설치되고 무전해 니켈도금액(45)이 저장된다. 도금액가열히터(42)는, 니켈도금액탱크(41) 내부에 설치되어서 무전해 니켈도금액(45)의 온도가 80∼100℃를 유지하도록 가열한다. 무전해 니켈도금바렐(43)은, 니켈도금액탱크(41)의 내부에 회전되도록 구비되고 다수의 휠너트들이 투입되며 투입된 휠너트들을 회전시킨다. 무전해 니켈도금바렐(43)이 회전됨에 따라 휠너트들이 지속적으로 유동되고 섞이면서 도금하는 동안 형성되는 수소 기체를 제거하고 휠너트들의 외면 및 내면 전체에 지속적으로 신선한 용액을 공급하며 국부 과열을 방지하고 전체적으로 균일한 온도를 유지시키는 역할을 한다. 여과기(44)는, 니켈도금액탱크(41)에 설치되어서 무전해 니켈도금액(45) 내의 이물질을 여과한다.The electroless
수세부(50)는 전해탈지부(10), 산처리부(30), 무전해 니켈도금부(40)의 일측에 설치되어서 휠너트들이 전해탈지, 산처리, 무전해 니켈도금을 거친 휠너트들이 세척된다.The
구동부(60)는, 탈지용바렐(13), 무전해 니켈도금바렐(43)에 연결되어서 이들을 제어한다. 이러한 구동부(60)는 탈지용바렐(13), 무전해 니켈도금바렐(43)를 회전시키기 위한 구조이면 어느 것이든 가능하며, 탈지용바렐(13) 및 무전해 니켈도금바렐(43)의 회전축을 회전시키기 위한 구동모터, 구동모터와 회전축 사이를 연결하는 체인 또는 기어들로 이루어질 수 있다.The
이러한 본 발명이 자동차 휠너트 도금방법 및 무전해 니켈도금장치는 다음과 같은 장점이 있다.The present invention is a wheel nut plating method and an electroless nickel plating apparatus of the present invention has the following advantages.
무전해로 니켈도금이 이루어지며 다수의 휠너트들이 무전해 니켈도금액(45)에 침지된 상태로 도금되므로 무전해 니켈도금액(45)에 접촉되는 휠너트들의 모든 접촉면에서 동일한 조건으로 도금이 이루어진다. 따라서 무전해 니켈도금액(45)에 접촉되는 휠너트들의 외주면은 물론 내주면 전체에서 동일한 조건의 화학반응이 일어나면서 무전해 니켈도금되므로 휠너트들의 외주면 및 내주면 전체에 도금두께가 균일하다.Nickel plating is performed by electrolessness, and a plurality of wheel nuts are plated while being immersed in the electroless
무전해 니켈도금은 균일 석출성이 뛰어나고 피막특성도 안정적이어서 전기 도금법에서는 얻을 수 없는 많은 장점들을 갖는다. 특히 차아인산염을 환원제로 이용한 무전해 니켈도금은 내식성이 뛰어난 피막을 얻을 수 있고 저비용과 생산성이 향상되며 피막의 경도가 크게 향상되는 장점을 갖는다. Electroless nickel plating has many advantages that are not obtained by the electroplating method because it has excellent uniformity of deposition and stable coating properties. In particular, electroless nickel plating using hypophosphite as a reducing agent has a merit that a coating having excellent corrosion resistance can be obtained, low cost and productivity are improved, and coating hardness is greatly improved.
도 1은 본 발명의 자동차 휠너트 도금방법을 순차적으로 보인 개략적 순서도1 is a schematic flow chart showing sequentially the wheel nut plating method of the present invention
도 2는 무전해 니켈 도금된 피막의 경도를 나타낸 그래프2 is a graph showing the hardness of the electroless nickel plated coating
도 3은 본 발명의 자동차 휠너트 도금용 무전해 니켈도금장치를 보인 개략도3 is a schematic view showing an electroless nickel plating apparatus for automobile wheel nut plating of the present invention
*도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명** Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings *
10 : 전해탈지부 11 : 물탱크10: electrolytic degreasing unit 11: water tank
12 : 물가열히터 13 : 탈지용바렐12: water heating heater 13: degreasing barrel
20 : 유수분리기 30 : 산처리부20: oil-water separator 30: acid treatment unit
40 : 무전해 니켈도금부 41 : 니켈도금액탱크40: electroless nickel plating part 41: nickel plating tank
42 : 도금액가열히터 43 : 무전해 니켈도금바렐42: plating liquid heating heater 43: electroless nickel plating barrel
44 : 여과기 50 : 수세부44: filter 50: water
60 : 구동부60 drive unit
Claims (7)
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101137493B1 (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2012-04-20 | 이광우 | A electro plating method for aluminum alloy wheels |
| KR101169328B1 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2012-07-30 | 임미자 | Electroless nickel plating method of a vacuum chamber and nickel-plated vacuum chamber plated by the same |
| KR101339776B1 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2013-12-11 | 임미자 | Electroless nickel plating method of a ball valve and nickel-plated ball valve chamber plated by the same |
| KR101461934B1 (en) | 2014-04-29 | 2014-11-14 | 전진구 | System of iron core-plating process for car headrest |
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| JPH06146069A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-05-27 | Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd | Formation of ornamental chromium plating film |
| KR20000055326A (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2000-09-05 | 송선호 | Wheel nut plating method |
| JP2004323945A (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2004-11-18 | Olympus Corp | Die for injection molding, plating method, and plating tool |
| JP2007039772A (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Kakihara Kogyo Kk | Method for forming copper-free plated film on resin |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06146069A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-05-27 | Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd | Formation of ornamental chromium plating film |
| KR20000055326A (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2000-09-05 | 송선호 | Wheel nut plating method |
| JP2004323945A (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2004-11-18 | Olympus Corp | Die for injection molding, plating method, and plating tool |
| JP2007039772A (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Kakihara Kogyo Kk | Method for forming copper-free plated film on resin |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101137493B1 (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2012-04-20 | 이광우 | A electro plating method for aluminum alloy wheels |
| KR101169328B1 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2012-07-30 | 임미자 | Electroless nickel plating method of a vacuum chamber and nickel-plated vacuum chamber plated by the same |
| KR101339776B1 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2013-12-11 | 임미자 | Electroless nickel plating method of a ball valve and nickel-plated ball valve chamber plated by the same |
| KR101461934B1 (en) | 2014-04-29 | 2014-11-14 | 전진구 | System of iron core-plating process for car headrest |
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