KR100631714B1 - 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents

휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치 및 방법 Download PDF

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KR100631714B1
KR100631714B1 KR20040050695A KR20040050695A KR100631714B1 KR 100631714 B1 KR100631714 B1 KR 100631714B1 KR 20040050695 A KR20040050695 A KR 20040050695A KR 20040050695 A KR20040050695 A KR 20040050695A KR 100631714 B1 KR100631714 B1 KR 100631714B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
video signal
unit
group block
screen
lambda
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KR20040050695A
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English (en)
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KR20060001556A (ko
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서광덕
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엘지전자 주식회사
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Priority to KR20040050695A priority Critical patent/KR100631714B1/ko
Priority to JP2005183416A priority patent/JP4420862B2/ja
Priority to US11/171,968 priority patent/US7801222B2/en
Priority to EP05014112.6A priority patent/EP1624683B1/en
Priority to CNB2005100823300A priority patent/CN100466734C/zh
Publication of KR20060001556A publication Critical patent/KR20060001556A/ko
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Publication of KR100631714B1 publication Critical patent/KR100631714B1/ko

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Abstract

본 발명은 휴대단말기에서 영상신호를 전송하는 경우, 인트라 갱신과 인터 갱신을 하이브리드 하여 최적 목표 비트율로 레이트 콘트롤하고 전송하는 것으로, 입력되는 영상신호의 화면을 다수 그룹블록으로 구분하며 각 그룹블록별 람다값을 구하고 레이트 콘트롤하여 전송하는 제어부; 제어부의 제어에 의하여 화면을 소정 크기의 그룹블록으로 분할하여 출력하는 지오비부; 제어부의 제어에 의하여 각 그룹블록별과 화면별의 람다값을 구하여 출력하는 람다부; 제어부에 접속되어 큐시아이에프 형식 영상신호를 기록하는 영상부가 포함되어 이루어지는 장치구성과, 또한, 휴대단말기의 영상신호를 무선송신하는 경우에 화면을 설정된 크기의 그룹블록으로 분할하는 시작과정; 분할된 영상신호의 첫 번째 그룹블록과 나머지 그룹블록에 순서대로 각각 설정된 수학식을 적용하여 연산하는 과정; 각 그룹블록별 연산된 값으로 람다값을 갱신하고 레이트 콘트롤하며 해당 목표비트량과 차이값을 연산 갱신하는 레이트 과정; 각 그룹블록 람다값을 갱신하고 레이트 콘트롤하며 목표비트량과 차이값을 갱신하는 과정을 마지막 화면의 마지막 그룹블록까지 반복하는 진행과정으로 이루어지는 방법을 특징으로 하여, 화면간 비트 변화량을 줄이고, 점유한 채널의 데이터 전송속도를 최대한 효율적으로 이용하는 효과가 있다.

Description

휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치 및 방법{A METHOD AND A APPARATUS OF IMPROVED RATE CONTROLLING AT TRANSMITTING IMAGE SIGNAL FOR MOBILE PHONE}
도1 은 일반적인 영상신호의 전송률-왜곡 관계 그래프,
도2 는 종래의 최적화 전송률-왜곡 비트율 제어방식의 화면간 람다 업데이트 설명도,
도3 은 본 발명 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치 기능 구성도,
도4 는 본 발명 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방법 순서도,
도5 는 본 발명의 큐시아이에프 영상신호의 그룹블록 분할 상태 설명도,
도6 은 본 발명의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 람다값 갱신적용 방식 설명도.
** 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호 설명 **
100 : 무선부 110 : 제어부 120 : 메모리부
130 : 영상부 140 : 입출력부 150 : 람다부
160 : 지오비부
본 발명은 휴대단말기에서 영상신호를 레이트 콘트롤(RATE CONTROL)에 의하여 최적상태로 전송하는 것으로, 특히, 이동통신 시스템의 제한된 데이터 전송조건에서 티엠엔5(TMN5) 방식을 개선하여 인트라 갱신과 인터 갱신을 하이브리드 적용하여 목표 비트율에 맞추므로 영상신호를 보다 최적상태로 전송하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치 및 방법에 관한 것이다.
일반적으로 이용되는 상대방과 의사소통 매체수단은, 소리(AUDIO 또는 SOUND)를 전달하는 것과 영상(IMAGE)을 포함하여 전달하는 것과 부호를 전달하는 것과 감각을 전달하는 것 등등이 있으며, 통신(COMMUNICATION)에서는 가청 할 수 있는 소리를 이용하는 것이 보편적이다.
이동통신 시스템은, 가입된 휴대단말기를 이용하여 이동하면서 언제 어디서나 상대방과 즉시 무선통신을 하도록 하는 것으로, 초기에는 음성(VOICE) 통신을 위주로 하였으나 기술의 발달에 힘입어 문자를 이용하는 데이터(DATA) 통신으로 발전하고, 최근의 제3 세대 이동통신 시스템에서는 영상(IMAGE) 또는 동영상(VIDEO)이 포함되는 멀티미디어(MULTIMEDIA) 통신이 가능하도록 발전되었다.
그러나, 상기와 같은 멀티미디어의 영상 신호는 음성(VOICE) 신호나 문자 신호보다 전송할 데이터의 양이 많으므로 넓은 대역폭(BANDWIDTH)과 고속 데이터전송을 필요로 하고, 이동통신 시스템에서는 할당된 주파수 영역 또는 대역폭이 제한되며, 다수의 가입자가 동시 통신을 하여야 하므로, 채널단위로 데이터 전송속도를 계속 높이지 못하고 고정 할당 또는 제한하는 기술적인 문제가 있는 등의 많은 제약이 따른다.
상기 이동통신 시스템에서 영상신호 부호화 전송에 사용하는 표준기술은, 국제적인 H.263 표준규격이며, 상기 표준규격에 의한 기술은, 일 예로, 초당 10 프레임의 영상(IMAGE) 신호를 전송하는 경우, 첫째 프레임은 전체 프레임의 영상신호를 전송하는 I 프레임이고, 나머지 9 프레임은 움직임 벡터(MOTION VECTOR) 값만을 전송하는 P 프레임이며, 수신측에서 I 프레임과 P 프레임을 이용하여 10 프레임의 영상신호로 복원 및 표시하는 것이고, B 프레임도 있으나 잘 사용하지 않으며, MPEG4 VISUAL SIMPLE PROFILE 규격도 사용된다.
상기 I 프레임(I-FRAME)은 임시 예측(TEMPORAL PREDICTION)을 전혀 사용하지 않고, 다른 영상(IMAGE) 정보와 관계없이 자신의 데이터를 이용하여, 독립적인 한 장의 영상을 복호화하는 것이므로, 압축했을 경우의 비트(BIT) 크기, 즉, 전송할 데이터(DATA) 량이 매우 많다.
상기 피 프레임(P-FRAME)은 시간적으로 이전에 위치한 화상으로부터 예측된 화상과의 움직임 벡터 또는 오류(ERROR) 값을 부호화하여 전송하므로, 독립적으로 복호화할 수 없고, 이전 프레임의 영상데이터가 정상적으로 복원되는 경우에만 복호화될 수 있으나, 영상 한 장을 부호화하는데 필요한 비트 량 또는 데이터 량은 상기 아이 프레임에 비하여 매우 크게 줄어든다.
상기 비 프레임(B-FRAME)은 시간적으로 이전 화상과 다음 화상을 이용하여 현재 화상을 예측하는 것으로, 상기 아이 프레임이나 피 프레임에 비해서 효율적으 로 압축을 할 수 있는 경우가 많지만, 알고리즘(ALGORITHM)의 복잡성(COMPLEXITY)과 지연(TEMPORAL LATENCY)에 의하여 거의 사용되지 않고 있다.
상기 이동통신 시스템에서는 아이 프레임과 피 프레임으로 멀티미디어 영상신호를 전송하며, 상기 피 프레임의 경우, 화면상의 움직임 변화가 적으면 데이터 발생량이 적고, 화면움직임의 변화가 클 경우 데이터 발생량이 많다.
상기 이동통신 시스템이 서비스하는 무선채널은, 전송할 수 있는 데이터 량이 제한되고, 전송되는 영상신호의 좋은 화질을 유지하기 위해서는 데이터의 전송량을 늘려야 한다.
상기 이동통신 시스템의 무선채널이 전송할 수 있는 데이터 량을 최대한 활용하여 최대한의 데이터를 전송하고 최적 영상 화질을 유지하는 것이 레이트 콘트롤(RATE CONTROL)이다.
상기 레이트 콘트롤은, 전송할 영상신호의 데이터를 분산 제어하여, 할당된 채널이 전송할 수 있는 데이터 크기 또는 목표 비트량에 적합하게 최적 상태로 분산 전송하여 최적의 화질을 유지 전송하는 것이다.
상기 레이트 콘트롤에서 많이 사용하는 방식이 티엠엔5(TMN5: TEST MODEL NEAR TERM 5)이며, 상기 티엠엔 5 방식에 의한 레이트 콘트롤은 전송 비트율을 높이는 장점이 있으나, 발생 비트량 기준으로 INTRA, INTER, SKIP 등의 매크로 블록 부호화 모드가 결정되므로, 왜곡(D: DISTORTION) 발생 없이, 좋은 화질 상태를 유지하기 어려운 문제가 있다.
따라서, 상기 티엠엔5 방식의 전송률-왜곡(R-D: RATE-DISTORTION) 관점에서 최적화된 레이트 콘트롤 제어방법을 개발할 필요가 있다.
이하, 종래 기술에 의한 휴대단말기의 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방식을 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 설명한다.
종래 기술을 설명하기 위하여 첨부된 것으로, 도1 은 일반적인 영상신호의 전송률-왜곡 관계 그래프 이고, 도2 는 종래 기술에 의한 최적화 전송률-왜곡 비트율 제어방식의 화면간 람다 업데이트 설명도 이다.
영상신호를 전송하는 티엠엔5 방식은, 화면 전체를 표시하는 아이 프레임의 INTRA 부호화 모드, 이전 화면으로부터 예측된 화면의 움직임 벡터값을 표시하는 INTER 부호화 모드, 이전 화면과 지금 화면에서 동일한 매크로 블록이 존재하는 SKIP 부호화 모드를 발생 비트량 기준으로 결정하므로, 화면의 선명도를 최적 상태로 유지하지 못한다.
상기와 같은 티엠엔5 방식의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 전송률-왜곡 관점에서 최적화된 비트율 제어방법으로 제시된, 종래 기술은, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 1996년 4월호(VOL. 6, NO. 2)에서 THOMAS WIEGAND 등에 의하여 발표된 RATE-DISTORTION OPTIMIZED MODE SELECTION FOR VERY LOW BIT RATE VIDEO CODING AND THE EMERGING H.263 STANDARD 기술이다.
상기 기술은 양자화 파라미터(QUANTIZATION PARAMETER)를 사용하지 않는 대신에 라그랑지 멀티플라이어(LAGRANGE MULTIPLIER) 람다(λ)를 사용한다.
상기 도1을 설명하면, 전송률-왜곡(R-D) 관계를 나타낸 그래프(GRAPH)로, 람다(λ)는 원하는 목표 비트량의 기울기로, 화면의 특성에 의하여 얻어진 R-D 관계 에서 목표 비트율(Rt)이 정해지면 왜곡을 최소로 하는 람다(λ)가 결정된다.
즉, 화면의 특성에 의하여 얻어진 R-D 관계 그래프에서 기울기 람다(λ) 값을 결정해주면, 해당 비트율과 왜곡을 결정하는 것으로, 람다값에 의해 비트율의 제어가 가능함을 의미한다.
휴대단말기를 이용한 영상통화는, 상대방을 보면서 하는 멀티미디어 통신이므로, 화면의 움직임 변화량이 매우 작고 일반적으로 얼굴과 어깨부분까지만 전송하므로, 이전 화면의 람다값과 현재 화면의 람다값의 차이가 크지 않다.
상기 사실에 의하여 화면이 바뀌어도 람다(λ) 값을 갱신하기 위한 계산량이 상당히 줄어들게 된다.
상기와 같은 결과를 THOMAS WIEGAND는 다음과 같은 수학식을 통하여 화면간(INTER) 람다(λ) 값을 갱신이 적은 계산량으로 얻을 수 있다고 제안하였다.
(수학식 1)
Figure 112004029025534-pat00001
상기 수학식에서 k는 화면 프레임(FRAME)의 순서를 표시하고, λ^(k+1)는 k+1 번째 라그랑지 멀티플라이어(LAGRANGE MULTIPLIER)를 표시하며, 또한, R^k는 k 번째 화면을 부호화하여 얻어진 비트량이고, Rt는 목표비트율에 따른 화면의 목표 비트량이다.
다음 순서 화면의 람다(λ)를 결정하는 것은, 현재 화면을 부호화하여 얻은 비트량과 목표 비트량을 비교하여 결정하는 것으로, 화면 단위로 람다(λ) 값이 갱신된다.
상기 첨부된 도2를 참조하여 설명하면, 화면 단위로 람다(λ) 값이 갱신되는 인트라(INTRA) 갱신(UPDATE) 방식을 도시한 것으로, 첫 번째 화면에서는 람다1의 값으로 레이트 콘트롤하고, 두 번째 화면에서는 람다2의 값으로 레이트 콘트롤하며, k 번째 화면에서는 람다k의 값으로 레이트 콘트롤(RATE CONTROL) 하는 상태를 보여준다.
상기 인트라 갱신 방식은, 영상전화 또는 영상회의 등과 같이 움직임이 적은 상태의 영상신호를 전송하는 경우처럼, 적은 크기의 비트량을 전송하는 화면에서는 어느 정도 효과적이다.
상기의 R-D 최적화된 비트율 제어방식은 화면간에 영상신호의 비트량 변화 또는 특성변화가 많이 않아야 되는 것으로, 즉, 이전 화면의 영상신호 특성과 현재 화면의 영상신호 특성이 거의 같은 경우에, 이전 화면에 적용되었던 람다값을 기반으로 현재 화면의 람다값을 효과적으로 구한다.
그러나, 상기와 같은 구성의 종래 기술에 의한 INTER-UPDATE 방식은, 화면 단위로 적용할 비트량의 변화가 비교적 많으면, 발생되는 비트량의 오차가 커지게 되어 비트율 제어가 효과적이지 못하므로, 수신측에서의 화질변화가 크게 나타나는 문제가 있다.
즉, 상기와 같이 화면 단위로 람다(λ)를 갱신시키며 목표 비트율을 맞추는 방식은, 화면의 움직임 변화가 커서, 발생 비트량의 변동(FLUCTUATION)이 심한 경우, 복호화 측에서 보다 큰 버퍼 크기를 요구하고, 연산량이 많으며, 선명한 화질의 영상신호를 전송하지 못하는 문제가 있다.
본 발명은 휴대단말기의 멀티미디어 영상 전송에 있어서, 인트라 갱신 방식과 인터 갱신 방식을 하이브리드로 혼합하므로 화면 내에서 블록단위 최적 화질로 보상하여 화면간의 전체 발생 비트량 변화를 줄이고 최적 화질을 확보하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치 및 방법을 제공하는 것이 그 목적이다.
상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 안출한 본 발명은, 입력되는 영상신호의 화면을 다수 그룹블록으로 구분하며 각 그룹블록별 람다값을 구하고 레이트 콘트롤하여 전송하는 제어부와; 상기 제어부의 제어에 의하여 화면을 소정 크기의 그룹블록으로 분할하여 출력하는 지오비부와; 상기 제어부의 제어에 의하여 각 그룹블록별과 화면별의 람다값을 구하여 출력하는 람다부와; 상기 제어부에 접속되어 영상신호를 기록하는 영상부가 포함되어 이루어지는 장치구성을 특징으로 한다.
또한, 상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 안출한 본 발명은, 휴대단말기의 영상신호를 무선송신하는 경우에 화면을 설정된 크기의 그룹블록으로 분할하는 시작과정과; 상기 분할된 영상신호의 첫 번째 그룹블록과 나머지 그룹블록에 순서대로 각각 설정된 수학식을 적용하여 연산하는 과정과; 상기 각 그룹블록별 연산된 값으로 람다값을 갱신하고 레이트 콘트롤하며 해당 목표비트량과 차이값을 연산 갱신하는 레이트 과정과; 상기 각 그룹블록 람다값을 갱신하고 레이트 콘트롤하며 목표비트량과 차이값을 갱신하는 과정을 마지막 화면의 마지막 그룹블록까지 반복하는 진행과정으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 한다.
이하, 본 발명에 의한 것으로, 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치 및 방법을 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 설명한다.
본 발명을 설명하기 위하여 첨부된 것으로, 도3 은 본 발명에 의한 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치 기능 구성도 이고, 도4 는 본 발명에 의한 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방법 순서도 이며, 도5 는 본 발명에 의한 큐시아이에프 영상신호의 그룹블록 분할 상태 설명도 이고, 도6 은 본 발명에 의한 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 람다값 갱신적용 방식 설명도 이다.
상기 도3을 참조하여 본 발명에 의한 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치를 설명하면, 입력되는 큐시아이에프(QCIF: QUARTER COMMON INTERMEDIATE FORMAT) 형식의 영상신호 화면을 다수 그룹블록(GOB: GROUP OF BLOCK)으로 구분하며 각 그룹블록(GOB)별 람다(λ)값을 구하고 레이트 콘트롤(RATE CONTROL)하여 전송하는 것으로, 입출력부(140)로부터 인가되는 큐시아이에프(QCIF) 단위 영상신호를 영상부(130)의 할당된 영역에 기록저장하고, 영상부(130)에 기록저장된 영상신호를 지오비부(160)에 인가하여 설정된 그룹블록으로 분할하며, 지오비부(160)에 의하여 그룹블록으로 분할된 영상신호를 람다부(150)에 인가하여 이전 화면단위의 그룹블록 대비 갱신된 람다(λ) 값을 연산하고, 상기 그룹블록단위로 연산된 람다(λ) 값에 의하여 해당 그룹블록(GOB)의 영상신호를 레이트 콘트롤(RATE CONTROL)하며 무선부(100)에 인가 무선송신하는 제어부(110)와,
상기 제어부(110)의 제어에 의하여 큐시아이에프(QCIF) 화면을 소정 크기의 그룹블록으로 분할하여 출력하는 것으로, 제어부(110)의 제어에 의하여 176과 144 픽셀(PIXEL) 크기 화면단위로 입력되는 큐시아이에프(QCIF) 형식 영상신호를 176과 16 픽셀 크기의 그룹블록(GOB)으로 분할 구분하여 출력하는 지오비(GOB)부(160)와,
상기 제어부(110)의 제어에 의하여 각 그룹블록(GOB)별과 화면별의 람다값을 구하여 출력하는 것으로, 제어부(110)의 제어에 의하여 그룹블록(GOB)단위로 분할 입력되는 화면단위 영상신호를 이전 화면단위 그룹블록에 의한 람다(λ) 값으로부터 갱신(UPDATE) 연산하여 출력하는 람다부(150)와,
상기 제어부(110)에 접속되어 큐시아이에프(QCIF) 형식 영상신호를 기록저장하고 출력하는 것으로, 제어부(110)의 제어에 의하여 입출력부(140)로부터 촬영 입력되는 영상신호와 무선부(100)로부터 수신 인가되는 영상신호를 각각 176과 144 픽셀(PIXEL)의 큐시아이에프(QCIF) 형식 영상신호 단위로 할당된 영역에 기록저장하고 출력하는 영상부(130)와,
상기 제어부(110)의 제어에 의하여 큐시아이에프(QCIF) 형식 영상신호를 무선송수신하는 무선부(100)와,
상기 제어부(110)에 접속하고 초기화 프로그램과 운용 데이터를 기록저장 출력하는 메모리부(120)와,
상기 제어부(110)에 접속하고 멀티미디어(MULTIMEDIA) 신호를 입출력하며 다이얼링(DIALING) 신호와 제어명령을 입력하는 입출력부(140)가 포함되어 이루어지는 구성이다.
이하, 상기와 같은 구성의 본 발명에 의한 것으로, 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치를 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명한다.
상기 휴대단말기(MS)의 입출력부(140)는, 멀티미디어 신호를 입출력하는 것으로, 상대방에게 전송하고자 하는 영상신호를 촬영하고, 상기와 같이 촬영된 영상신호는 제어부(110)의 제어에 의하여 176 픽셀 * 144 픽셀 형식의 큐시아이에프(QCIF) 영상신호로 출력된다.
상기와 같은 큐시아이에프(QCIF) 형식의 영상신호는, 상기 제어부(110)의 제어에 의하여 영상부(130)의 할당된 영역에 기록저장되고 출력된다.
또한, 상기 무선부(100)가 무선수신하여 입력한 큐시아이에프(QCIF) 영상신호도, 상기 제어부(110)의 제어에 의하여 영상부(130)의 할당된 영역에 기록저장되고 출력된다.
상기 입출력부(140)에 의하여 촬영되고, 큐시아이에프(QCIF) 형식으로 출력되어 영상부(130)의 할당된 영역에 기록저장되는 영상신호를, 상기 입출력부(140)로부터 입력되는 해당 제어명령에 의하여 지정된 상대방에게 전송하고자 하는 경우, 상기 제어부는, 해당 큐시아이에프 형식 영상신호를 지오비부(160)에 인가하여 설정된 크기로 분할한다.
상기 첨부된 도5를 참조하면, 상기 지오비부(160)가 큐시아이에프(QCIF) 형 식의 176 * 144 픽셀(PIXEL) 크기 영상신호를 176 * 16 픽셀 크기의 그룹블록(GOB) 신호로 분할하는 상태를 상세히 도시하고 있다.
상기와 같이 전송하고자 하는 영상신호의 각 화면은, 그룹블록(GOB)으로 분할하고, 상기와 같이 분할된 각각의 그룹블록(GOB)은, 상기 제어부(110)의 제어에 의하여 상기 람다부(150)에 인가된다.
휴대단말기(MS)로 움직이는 물체를 촬영하는 동영상 신호의 경우, 초(S: SECOND) 단위로 소정 숫자의 다수 화면을 촬영하며, 상기 촬영되는 각 화면은 그룹블록(GOB)으로 분할된다.
이동통신 시스템에서 사용하는 각 무선채널은, 한번에 전송할 수 있는 데이터 비트(BIT)의 숫자, 즉, 한번에 전송할 수 있는 데이터 량이 일정하게 고정 제한되며, 상기 영상신호는 매우 많은 데이터 량으로 구성된다.
일반적으로, 데이터 전송속도가 일정하게 고정된 채널을 통하여 영상신호를 전송하는 경우, 채널 점유시간을 많이 할애하여 많은 데이터를 전송하면, 수신측에서 좋은 화질의 영상신호를 재생하지만, 영상신호 전송에 시간이 많이 소요되어 움직임이 느려지는 등등의 문제가 있다.
또한, 상기 데이터 전송속도가 일정한 채널을 통하여, 각 영상신호의 화면이 구성하는 비트 숫자 또는 데이터 크기를 줄이어 전송하는 경우는, 단위시간 동안에 많은 화면의 영상신호를 전송하므로, 수신측에서 실시간의 영상신호를 재생하지만, 재생되는 화질이 나빠지는 등의 문제가 있다.
휴대단말기의 영상통신에 필요한 규격을 정한, 상기 H.263 국제표준에 의하 면, I 프레임(FRAME)은 화면을 구성하는 전체 영상신호를 전송하므로 데이터 량이 크고, P 프레임은 이전화면 대비 현재 화면의 움직임 벡터 값 만을 전송하는 것이므로 데이터 량이 작다.
즉, 데이터 전송량이 일정한 채널을 통하여 표준시간에 I 프레임을 전송 숫자와 P 프레임의 전송숫자는 다르게 되며, 동일한 P 프레임의 경우에도 움직임 벡터값이 많은 경우와 작은 경우에 각각 상이한 프레임 전송숫자를 예상할 수 있다.
상기와 같이 현재 할당된 채널이 전송할 수 있는 전송속도를 최대한 풀(FULL)로 활용하는 기술이 레이트 콘트롤(RATE CONTROL)이고, 채널이 전송할 수 있는 데이터 크기를 목표 비트량이라고 하며, 상기 화면을 부호화한 비트량과 목표비트량을 비교하여 다음 순서 화면의 람다(λ)값이 결정된다.
상기와 같이 H.263 부호화기에 적용 가능한 R-D 관점에서의 최적 비트율 제어방법은, 부호화하고자 하는 화면을 직접 부호화하여 얻은 정보로 레이트 콘트롤하지 않고, 이전 영상에서 얻어진 간접적인 정보를 이용하여 현재 영상에 대한 비트율 제어 또는 레이트 콘트롤을 하므로, 정확한 레이트 콘트롤 제어가 쉽지 않다.
즉, 각각의 화면 단위로 화면 변화가 크거나 작으므로, 즉, 상기의 움직임 벡터값이 크거나 작을 수 있으므로, 레이트 콘트롤이 어렵다.
본 발명에서는, 현재 영상의 목표 비트율을 맞추기 위하여 그룹블록(GOB) 단위로 상기의 기울기 값인 람다(λ) 값을 연산하고 갱신하여 적용하므로, 해당 채널이 전송할 수 있는 전송속도를 최대한 활용하는 동시에 최적 화질을 수신하도록 하는 것이다.
상기 제어부(110)의 제어를 받는 람다부(150)는, 화면이 분할된 각각의 그룹블록(GOB)에 최적 상태의 기울기 값인 라그랑지 멀티플라이어(LAGRANGE MULTIPLIER) 람다(λ) 값을 연산하여 출력 적용한다.
상기 첨부된 도6을 참조하여 설명하면, 본 발명에 의한 그룹블록 단위로 R-D 최적화를 위한 라그랑지 멀티플라이어 람다를 갱신(UPDATE)하는 방법이 도시되어 있으며, 상기 도6에 도시되어 있는 람다값
Figure 112004029025534-pat00002
에서 상부의 n 은 화면의 순서번호를 표시하고, 하부의 m 값은 한 화면에서의 그룹블록(GOB) 순서번호를 표시한다.
종래 기술에서 인용된 도2는, 상기 람다값을 화면간(INTRA) 갱신하는 방식이고, 상기 도6 에서는, 그룹블록(GOB) 사이의 갱신방식(INTER UPDATE)과 화면 사이의 갱신방식(INTRA UPDATE)을 혼합한 하이브리드(HYBRID) 방식으로, 비트율 제어성능인 레이트 콘트롤 효과를 향상 개선시킨다.
상기 화면 사이의 갱신방식(INTRA UPDATE)은, 현재 화면의 목표 비트량을 만족시키기 위하여 현재 그룹블록(GOB)의 람다(λ)값을 같은 화면 내의 바로 이전 그룹블록 부호화 결과를 이용하여 갱신하는 방식이다.
상기와 같은 경우, 현재 그룹블록(GOB) 까지의 사용 비트량이 목표치 또는 전송한계를 벗어나는 경우, 다음 그룹블록(GOB)에서 목표 비트량을 조절하여 화면 전체에 할당되는 비트량을 목표량에 맞추게 된다.
상기 그룹블록(GOB) 사이 갱신방식(INTER UPDATE)은, 첫 번째 그룹블록(GOB)의 정보가 화면 사이(INTRA)에서 수평적으로 전달되어, 이전 화면의 첫 번째 그룹블록(GOB)에 의한 람다(λ) 값이 현재 화면의 첫 번째 그룹블록(GOB) 람다(λ) 값 을 결정하는데 사용된다.
상기 그룹블록 갱신(INTER UPDATE) 방식은, 그룹블록 화면의 특성이 거의 비슷한 이전 화면의 같은 위치 그룹블록이 부호화된 결과를 이용하므로, 목표비트율을 만족시킴과 동시에 현재 그룹블록에 항상 적당한 비트량을 할당한다.
상기 그룹블록의 첫 번째 경우에 갱신되는 라그랑지 멀티플라이어 람다값은 다음 수학식과 같이 연산되어 산출된다.
(수학식 2)
Figure 112004029025534-pat00003
상기 식을 다시 설명하면, n 번째 화면의 첫 번째 그룹블록(GOB)에 의한 람다(λ) 값은 n-1 번째 화면의 첫 번째 그룹블록(GOB)의 람다(λ) 값으로부터 갱신(UPDATE) 된다.
상기 수학식 2의
Figure 112004029025534-pat00004
은 n-1번째 영상의 m번째 그룹블록(GOB)을 부호화하여 얻은 비트량을 나타내며,
Figure 112004029025534-pat00005
은 현재 화면의 목표비트량을 나타내고, g는 한 화면 안에서의 그룹블록(GOB) 숫자를 나타낸다.
즉, 상기 수학식에 의하여 이전 화면의 첫 번째 그룹블록을 부호화하여 얻은 비트량을 적당한 목표 비트량과 비교하여 람다(λ)를 갱신하며, 또한, 첫 번째 화면(n=1)의 첫 번째 그룹블록(GOB)에 대한 람다값은 임의로 적당한 값을 할당하며, 상기 할당된 람다값이 정확하지 못하더라도 이후의 몇 개 그룹블록(GOB)에 대한 부호화가 진행됨에 따라, 정확한 값으로 람다(λ)가 수렴되어 갱신(UPDATE) 된다.
상기 화면 안에서의 그룹블록(GOB) 사이에 람다(λ) 갱신인 INTRA-UPDATE는 다음 수학식에 의하여 연산된다.
(수학식 3)
Figure 112004029025534-pat00006
상기 " bit_diff "는 한 화면 안에서 현재의 그룹블록(GOB) 까지 할당된 총 비트량과, 목표비트량을 총 그룹블록(GOB) 개수로 나누어 현재 그룹블록 숫자만큼 곱한 값 사이의 차이값이다.
즉, 한 화면의 목표 비트량과 비교하여 현재 그룹블록(GOB) 까지, 총 할당된 비트량의 결과가 목표 비트량과 얼마나 벗어나 있는지를 연산 계산하고, 상기 연산 계산된 값이 양수이면, 현재 그룹블록(GOB)에 사용된 비트량이 목표 비트량에 비하여 많음을 나타내고, 음수이면 적은 비트량을 사용하였음을 나타낸다.
상기 수학식에서 얻어진 bit_diff 값을 이용하여 재 설정된 목표 비트율
Figure 112004029025534-pat00007
값은 다음 수학식에 의하여 갱신된다.
(수학식 4)
Figure 112004029025534-pat00008
상기 수학식에서의 상수 b는, 현재 그룹블록(GOB) 까지 발생된 오차를 향후 몇 개의 그룹블록을 통하여 보상할 것인지 결정하는 상수이다.
일 예로, 상기 상수 b 값이 1일 경우는, 현재까지 발생한 비트량의 오차를 바로 다음의 그룹블록(GOB)에서 전부 보상하도록 설정하는 것이며, 상기 상수 b 값이 5이면, 향후 5 번의 람다(λ) 갱신을 통하여 현재 그룹블록(GOB) 까지의 비트량 오차를 보상하게 된다.
결과적으로 각 화면의 두 번째 그룹블록(GOB)부터 람다(λ) 값 갱신은, 다음 수학식에 의하여 연산된다.
(수학식 5)
Figure 112004029025534-pat00009
즉, 각 화면의 첫 번째 그룹블록(GOB)에 적용되는 람다(λ) 값은 수학식 2에 의하여 연산되고, 각 화면의 두 번째부터 마지막까지의 그룹블록(GOB)에 적용되는 람다(λ) 값은 수학식 5에 의하여 연산된다.
상기와 같은 구성의 본 발명은, 각 화면을 다수 그룹블록(GOB)으로 분할하고, 이전 그룹블록(GOB)에 의한 람다(λ) 값에 의하여 현재 그룹블록(GOB)의 람다(λ) 값을 구하는 것으로, 화면간 갱신(INTRA UPDATE) 방식과 화면 내부에서의 갱신(INTER UPDATE) 방식을 하이브리드(HYBRID) 하므로, 보다 효과적으로 레이트 콘트롤(RATE CONTROL)하여, 최적 상태의 화질을 보장하는 장점이 있다.
이하, 상기 첨부된 도4를 참조하여 본 발명에 의한 것으로, 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방법을 설명한다.
휴대단말기(MS)의 영상신호를 무선송신하는 경우에 화면을 설정된 크기의 그룹블록으로 분할하는 것으로, 휴대단말기(MS)를 이용하여 지정된 상대방에게 영상신호를 무선송신하고자 하는지 판단하는 과정(S100); 상기 과정(S100)에서 영상신호를 무선송신하는 경우 큐시아이에프(QCIF) 형식 화면을 설정된 크기의 그룹블록(GOB)으로 분할하는 과정(S110)으로 이루어지는 시작과정과,
상기 시작과정에서 분할된 영상신호의 첫 번째 그룹블록(BOG)과 나머지 순서의 그룹블록(GOB)에 각각 설정된 해당 수학식을 적용하는 것으로, 상기 분할된 그룹블록(GOB)이 첫 번째 순서의 그룹블록(GOB)인지를 판단하는 과정(S120); 상기 과정(S120)에서 첫 번째 분할된 그룹블록(GOB)이 아니면, 설정된 수학식 5
Figure 112004029025534-pat00010
로 연산하고 람다값을 갱신하는 과정(S130); 상기 과정(S120)에서 첫 번째 분할된 그룹블록이면, 설정된 수학식2
Figure 112004029025534-pat00011
로 연산하고 람다값을 갱 신하는 과정(S140)으로 이루어지는 연산과정과,
상기 연산과정에서 각 그룹블록별 연산된 값으로 람다값을 갱신하고 레이트 콘트롤하며 해당 목표비트량과 차이값을 연산 갱신하는 것으로, 상기 갱신(UPDATE)된 해당 그룹블록의 람다(λ)값으로 레이트 콘트롤(RATE CONTROL)을 하는 과정(S150); 상기 과정(S150)의 해당 그룹블록에 수학식3
Figure 112004029025534-pat00012
과 수학식4
Figure 112004029025534-pat00013
를 적용하여 목표비트량과 차이값을 각각 구하고 갱신하는 과정(S160)으로 이루어지는 레이트 과정과,
상기 레이트 과정의 각 그룹블록 람다값을 갱신하고 레이트 콘트롤하며 목표비트량과 차이값을 갱신하는 과정을 마지막 화면의 마지막 그룹블록까지 반복하는 것으로, 상기 과정에서 처리된 그룹블록(GOB)이 마지막 순서로 분할된 그룹블록인지 판단하고, 마지막 순서가 아니면 상기 연산과정(S120)으로 궤환하는 과정(S170); 상기 과정(S170)에서 마지막 순서의 그룹블록으로 판단되면, 무선송신할 영상신호의 마지막 순서 화면인지를 판단하고, 마지막 순서가 아니면 상기 시작과정(S110)으로 궤환하는 과정(S180)으로 이루어지는 진행과정으로 구성된다.
이하, 상기와 같은 구성의 본 발명에 의한 것으로, 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방법을 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명한다.
휴대단말기(MS)로 영상신호를 무선송신할 것인지 판단하고(S100), 상기 판단에서 영상신호를 무선송신하는 경우, 화면을 설정된 그룹블록(GOB)으로 분할하며(S110), 첫 번째 순서의 그룹블록(GOB) 인지를 판단한다(S120).
상기 판단(S120)에서 첫 번째 순서의 그룹블록(GOB)으로 판단되면, 상기 수학식 2를 적용하여 라그랑지 멀티플라이어 람다(λ) 값을 연산 산출하고(S140), 상기 판단(S120)에서 두 번째 순서부터 마지막 순서까지의 그룹블록(GOB)으로 판단되면, 상기 수학식 5를 적용하여 상기의 라그랑지 멀티플라이어 람다(λ) 값을 연산 산출한다(S130).
상기와 같이 연산하여 산출한 람다(λ) 값은 해당 그룹블록(GOB)의 갱신된 람다값으로 적용되어 목표비트량으로 레이트 콘트롤되고(S150), 상기 수학식 3과 수학식 4를 적용하여 목표비트량과 그 차이값을 갱신 연산한다(S160).
상기 람다(λ) 값을 연산한 그룹블록(GOB)이 마지막 순서의 그룹블록(GOB) 인지를 판단하고(S170), 상기 판단(S170)에서 마지막 순서의 그룹블록(GOB)이 아니면 상기 연산과정(S120)으로 궤환(FEEDBACK)하여 반복하며, 상기 과정(S170)에서 마지막 순서의 그룹블록(GOB)으로 판단되면, 마지막 순서의 화면인지를 판단한다(S180).
상기 판단(S180)에서 마지막 순서의 화면이 아니면, 상기 시작과정(S110)으로 궤환(FEEDBACK)하고, 상기 판단(S180)에서 마지막 순서의 화면이면, 더 이상 전송할 화면이 없으므로 종료로 진행한다.
즉, 상기 본 발명은, 첫 번째 그룹블록(GOB)에서, INTER 갱신을 적용하여 이전 화면의 첫 번째 그룹블록(GOB)에서 사용된 람다값을 기반으로 간단하게 갱신하고, 나머지 그룹블록(GOB)에는 INTRA 갱신을 적용하여 화면 내에서 발생된 비트 오차를 화면 내에서 그룹블록 단위로 보상하므로 화면간 비트량의 변화를 크게 줄이 는 장점이 있다.
상기와 같은 구성의 본 발명은, 휴대단말기(MS)로 멀티미디어 영상신호를 전송하는 경우, 채널이 전송할 수 있는 데이터 량을 최대한 이용하고, 특히, H.263 국제표준 규격에 의한 각 화면에 구성되는 데이터 비트량을, 현재 점유된 채널이 최대 전송 가능한 데이터 량에 맞추어 전송하므로, 수신측에서 최적 화질을 확인하도록 하는 장점이 있다.
상기와 같은 구성의 본 발명은, 휴대단말기에서 영상신호를 전송하는 경우, 화면 단위의 INTRA 갱신과, 화면 내부 그룹블록 단위의 INTER 갱신을 하이브리드 형식으로 적용하므로 화면간 비트 변화량을 줄이어 점유한 채널의 데이터 전송속도를 최대한 효율적으로 이용하는 산업적 이용효과가 있다.
또한, 휴대단말기가 점유한 채널의 고정된 데이터 전송량을 이용하여 최적의 화질을 전송하는 사용상 편리한 효과가 있다.

Claims (15)

  1. 입력되는 영상신호의 화면을 그룹블록으로 구분하고 갱신된 그룹블록별 람다값으로 레이트 콘트롤하여 송신하도록 제어 감시하는 제어부와,
    상기 제어부의 제어에 의하여 상기 화면을 소정 크기의 그룹블록으로 분할하여 출력하는 지오비부와,
    상기 제어부의 제어에 의하여 각 그룹블록별과 화면별의 람다값을 구하여 출력하는 람다부와,
    상기 제어부에 접속되어 영상신호를 기록 저장하는 영상부가 포함되어 이루어지는 구성을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치.
  2. 삭제
  3. 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 지오비부는,
    상기 제어부의 제어에 의하여 화면단위로 입력되는 영상신호를 그룹블록으로 분할 구분하여 출력하는 구성으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치.
  4. 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 람다부는,
    상기 제어부의 제어에 의하여 그룹블록단위로 분할 입력되는 화면단위 영상신호를 이전 화면단위 그룹블록에 의한 람다값으로부터 갱신 연산하여 출력하는 구성으로 이루어지는 구성을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치.
  5. 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 영상부는,
    상기 제어부의 제어에 의하여 입출력부로부터 촬영 입력되는 영상신호와 무선부로부터 수신 인가되는 영상신호를 각각 할당된 영역에 기록저장하고 출력하는 구성으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치.
  6. 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 제어부는,
    상기 입출력부로부터 인가되는 영상신호를 영상부의 할당된 영역에 기록저장하고, 상기 영상부에 기록저장된 영상신호를 지오비부에 인가하여 설정된 그룹블록으로 분할하며, 상기 지오비부에 의하여 그룹블록으로 분할된 화면단위 영상신호를 람다부에 인가하여 이전 화면단위의 그룹블록 대비 갱신된 람다값을 연산하고, 상기 블록단위로 연산된 람다값에 의하여 해당 블록의 영상신호를 레이트 콘트롤하며 무선부에 인가 무선송신하는 구성으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치.
  7. 휴대단말기의 영상신호를 무선송신하는 경우에 화면을 설정된 크기의 그룹블록으로 분할하는 시작과정과,
    상기 분할된 영상신호의 첫 번째 그룹블록과 나머지 그룹블록에 순서대로 각각 설정된 수학식을 적용하여 연산하는 과정과,
    상기 각 그룹블록별 연산된 값으로 람다값을 갱신하고 레이트 콘트롤하며 해당 목표비트량과 차이값을 연산 갱신하는 레이트 과정과,
    상기 각 그룹블록 람다값을 갱신하고 레이트 콘트롤하며 목표비트량과 차이값을 갱신하는 과정을 마지막 화면의 마지막 그룹블록까지 반복하는 진행과정으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방법.
  8. 제7 항에 있어서, 상기 시작과정은,
    상기 휴대단말기를 이용하여 지정된 상대방에게 영상신호를 무선송신하고자 하는지 판단하는 과정과,
    상기 영상신호를 무선송신하는 경우 화면을 설정된 크기의 그룹블록으로 분할하는 과정으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방법.
  9. 제7 항에 있어서, 상기 연산과정은,
    상기 시작과정에서 분할된 그룹블록이 첫 번째 순서의 그룹블록인지를 판단하는 과정과,
    상기 첫 번째 순서로 분할된 그룹블록으로 판단되면, 설정된 수학식2로 연산하고 람다값을 갱신하는 과정과,
    상기 첫 번째 순서로 분할된 그룹블록이 아닌 것으로 판단되면, 설정된 수학식 5로 연산하고 람다값을 갱신하는 과정으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방법.
  10. 제9 항에 있어서, 상기 수학식 2 는,
    Figure 112004029025534-pat00014
    로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘 트롤 방법.
  11. 제9 항에 있어서, 상기 수학식 5는,
    Figure 112004029025534-pat00015
    로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방법.
  12. 제7 항에 있어서, 상기 레이트 과정은,
    상기 연산과정에서 갱신된 해당 그룹블록의 람다값으로 레이트 콘트롤을 하는 과정과,
    상기 그룹블록에 수학식3과 수학식4를 적용하여 목표비트량과 차이값을 각각 구하고 갱신하는 과정으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방법.
  13. 제12 항에 있어서, 상기 수학식 3은,
    Figure 112004029025534-pat00016
    로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방법.
  14. 제12 항에 있어서, 상기 수학식 4는,
    Figure 112004029025534-pat00017
    로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방법.
  15. 제7 항에 있어서, 상기 진행과정은,
    상기 갱신된 그룹블록이 마지막 순서 그룹블록인지 판단하고, 마지막 순서가 아니면 상기 연산과정으로 궤환하는 과정과,
    상기 그룹블록이 마지막 순서로 판단되면, 무선송신할 영상신호의 마지막 순서 화면인지를 판단하고, 마지막 순서가 아니면 상기 시작과정으로 궤환하는 과정으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 방법.
KR20040050695A 2004-06-30 2004-06-30 휴대단말기의 개선된 영상신호 레이트 콘트롤 장치 및 방법 KR100631714B1 (ko)

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JP2005183416A JP4420862B2 (ja) 2004-06-30 2005-06-23 移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法
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US7801222B2 (en) 2010-09-21
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CN1717057A (zh) 2006-01-04
US20060002478A1 (en) 2006-01-05
JP4420862B2 (ja) 2010-02-24
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JP2006020305A (ja) 2006-01-19
CN100466734C (zh) 2009-03-04
EP1624683A2 (en) 2006-02-08

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