KR100623854B1 - Integrated system of semi dry reactor and elctrostatic precipitator for the desulfurization and dust collection - Google Patents

Integrated system of semi dry reactor and elctrostatic precipitator for the desulfurization and dust collection Download PDF

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KR100623854B1
KR100623854B1 KR1020050136205A KR20050136205A KR100623854B1 KR 100623854 B1 KR100623854 B1 KR 100623854B1 KR 1020050136205 A KR1020050136205 A KR 1020050136205A KR 20050136205 A KR20050136205 A KR 20050136205A KR 100623854 B1 KR100623854 B1 KR 100623854B1
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dust
collected
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정동규
박종훈
안선준
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
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Abstract

본 발명은 각종 산업체의 보일러 연소 및 소각 후처리 공정에서 배출되는 황산화물(SOx) 및 염화수소(HCl)등과 같은 유해산성가스와 비산 연소재등과 같은 먼지를 동시에 제거하기 위한 대기오염방지설비로서 유해가스(SOx, HCl)처리와 집진이 일체형 장치에서 동시에 처리될 수 있게 하여, 설치공간 절약, 공정에너지손실 저감, 운전관리의 편리성등을 도모한다.

[대표도]와 같이 유해가스는 반건식반응기(일명, SDR: Semi Dry Reactor)의 형식을 하고 있는 내통(③)에서 처리되고, 먼지 및 반응생성물(주로 CaSO3 및 CaCl2등과 같은 고상의 염가루)은 하부의 원심회전부(⑥)에서 대부분 포집되고, 일부 미세먼지들만 내통(③)과 외통(④)사이의 전기집진기(ESP : Electrostatic Precipitator)의 형식을 갖는 환통(annular cylinder)부에서 포집된다.

유해가스 및 먼지는 [대표도]에서 유입구(①)를 통해 인입되고, 상부 선회가속부(②)를 거쳐 내통(③)으로 선회유입되면서, 내통 상단면에 있는 이류체노즐들(⑩)로 부터 Ca(OH)2 슬러리가 분무되어, 유해가스상과 액상 미세액적과의 흡수반응에 의한 탈황 및 탈염소등이 일어나는 반건식흡수(SDA: Semi Dry Absorb) 과정을 거쳐, 건조된 반응생성물(주로 CaSO3, CaCl2)과 먼지중에서 큰 입자들(주로 10~100㎛)은 하부의 원심회전부(⑥)에서 원심집진방식으로 집진되어, 로타리밸브등이 있는 포집구(⑦)을 거쳐 포집통(⑧)에서 포집되고, 그 밖의 작은 입자 먼지들(주로 10㎛ 미만)은 내통(③)과 외통(④)사이의 환통부에서 선회상승하면서, 환통부 둘레로 설치된 코로나방전극(⑤)과 외통(④)와의 전기하전 작용에 의해 외통(④)의 안쪽면과 내통(③)의 바깥면에서 포집되고, 정화된 가스만이 유출구(⑨)로 배출된다.

Figure 112005078660837-pat00001

배연탈황(De-SOx), 탈염소(De-HCl), 집진(Dust Collection), 반건식반응기(SDR), 전기집진기(ESP), 일체형동시처리장치(Integrated Pollution Control Device)

The present invention is harmful as an air pollution prevention facility for simultaneously removing harmful acid gases such as sulfur oxides (SOx) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) and dust such as fugitive combustion materials emitted from boiler combustion and incineration aftertreatment processes of various industries. Gas (SOx, HCl) treatment and dust collection can be handled simultaneously in an integrated device, saving installation space, reducing process energy loss, and convenient operation management.

Hazardous gases are treated in an inner barrel (③) in the form of a semi-dry reactor (SDR), and dust and reaction products (mainly solid salts such as CaSO3 and CaCl2) Most of the dust is collected in the lower centrifugal rotating part (⑥), and only some fine dust is collected in an annular cylinder part having an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) type between the inner cylinder (③) and the outer cylinder (④).

Hazardous gases and dust are introduced through the inlet (①) in the [representative diagram], and are introduced into the inner cylinder (③) via the upper turning acceleration part (②), and into the airflow nozzles (⑩) on the upper surface of the inner cylinder. Ca (OH) 2 slurry is sprayed, semi-dried absorbent (SDA: Semi-Dry Absorb) process, which causes desulfurization and dechlorination by absorption reaction between harmful gas phase and liquid microdroplets, and dried reaction product (mainly CaSO3, CaCl2) and large particles (mainly 10 ~ 100㎛) are collected by centrifugal dust collection method at the lower centrifugal rotation part (⑥), and collected in the collecting container (⑧) through the collecting port (⑦) with rotary valves, etc. And other small particle dusts (mainly less than 10 μm) are swung up in the annular portion between the inner cylinder ③ and the outer cylinder ④, and the electricity between the corona moth electrode ⑤ and the outer cylinder ④ provided around the cylindrical portion is increased. It is collected on the inner surface of the outer cylinder (④) and the outer surface of the inner cylinder (③) by the charging action, Only the purified gas is discharged to the outlet (⑨).

Figure 112005078660837-pat00001

Flue Gas Desulfurization (De-SOx), Dechlorination (De-HCl), Dust Collection, Semi-Dry Reactor (SDR), Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP), Integrated Pollution Control Device

Description

일체형 반건식반응기 및 전기집진 장치 {Integrated System of Semi Dry Reactor and Elctrostatic Precipitator for the desulfurization and dust collection} Integrated System of Semi Dry Reactor and Elctrostatic Precipitator for the desulfurization and dust collection}

[도 1]은 전체 공정 및 형상을 나타냄Figure 1 shows the overall process and shape

도면의 기호 설명Symbol description in drawings

① 유입구 ②선회가속부 ③내통 ④외통 ⑤코로나방전극 ⑥원심회전부 ⑦포집구 ⑧포집통 ⑨유출구 ⑩이류체노즐 ⑪둘레방향의 방전극① Inlet ② Swivel accelerator ③ Inner cylinder ④ Outer cylinder ⑤ Corro-moth electrode ⑥ Centrifuge ⑦ Collector ⑧ Collector ⑨ Outlet ⑩ Airflow nozzle ⑪ Discharge electrode in the circumferential direction

발명이 속하는 기술분야는 대기오염방지기술 분야중에서 배출오염가스(특히, SOx, HCl등)처리 및 집진분야에 속하며, 유해가스처리(주로, 탈황 및 탈염소)는 반건식반응기(일명 SDR : Semi Dry Reactor) 기술 분야에 속하고, 집진은 전기집진(ESP : Electrostatic Precipitator))기술 분야에 속한다.The technical field of the invention belongs to the field of exhaust pollutant gas (especially SOx, HCl, etc.) treatment and dust collection in the field of air pollution prevention technology, and the hazardous gas treatment (mainly, desulfurization and dechlorination) is a semi-dry reactor (aka SDR: Semi Dry). It belongs to the field of reactor technology, and dust collection belongs to the field of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) technology.

종래기술로는 유해가스와 집진을 일체형장치에서 동시에 처리하는 유사 특허로서, ① "유해산성가스 및 수은, 중금속등을 포함한 먼지 동시 제거용 일체형 원심반응여과장치", 특허 제0375566, The prior art is a similar patent that simultaneously handles harmful gases and dust collection in an integrated device. ① "Integrated centrifugal reaction filtration device for simultaneous removal of harmful acids and mercury, heavy metals, etc.", Patent No. 0375566,

②"백필터에서 분진부하를 줄이는 반건식반응탑",특1998-072660호, ③ "반건식 반응기와 백 필터를 일체화 한 소각 배출 가스 처리 장치",특허출원1999-027193 등이 있다.② "Semi-dry reaction tower to reduce dust load in bag filter", No. 1998-072660, ③ "Incineration off-gas treatment unit integrating semi-dry reactor and bag filter", patent application 1999-027193.

상기와 같은 유사특허에서 반건식반응탑 방식으로 유해가스를 제거하는 방법은 본 특허기술과 유사한 점이 있으나, 집진처리 방식은 서로 차이점이 분명하다. ①번 특허는 본 특허 출원권자의 종래 특허기술로서 싸이클론집진과 백필터 집진 및 반건식 반응탑이 일체화 되어 있는 집진탈황 동시처리 장치이다. ②번 특허는 반건식반응탑 외측에 집진효과를 더 높일 수 있도록 단순 외통을 두고 있으며, ③ 번 특허는 반건식반응탑 외측 공간에 백필터를 설치하여 집진기능을 추가하고 있다. 특히 ③번 특허는 본 발명기술과 가장 유사하나, 반건식반응탑에서 처리는되는 가스의 습도가 높고, 미반응 생성물등이 완전히 건조가 되지 않는 경우에 백필터의 눈막힘 현상이 자주 일어나며, 백필터에 부착된 먼지의 수분이 많아 탈진이 잘 되지 않는 단점이 있다. 따라서, 본 출원특허에서는 이러한 백필터의 단점을 제거하기 위해서 전기집진기의 원리를 적용하여 내외통 사이의 공간에 방전극이 둘레방향으로 설치되고 내외통 벽면이 집진판의 역할을 하여 대전된 먼지가 부착되도록 하는 기능을 추가하여, 한 공정에서 유해산성가스의 제거와 먼지입자의 제거가 동시에 일어날 수 있도록 고안되어 있다.In the similar patent as described above, the method of removing the noxious gas in the semi-dry reaction tower method is similar to the present patent technology, but the dust collection method is clearly different from each other. Patent No. 1 is a conventional patented technology of the applicant of the patent, and cyclone dust collection, bag filter dust collection, and semi-dry reaction tower are integrated dust collection and desulfurization simultaneous processing device. Patent No. 2 has a simple outer cylinder to enhance the dust collection effect outside the semi-dry reaction tower, and Patent No. 3 adds a dust collection function by installing a bag filter in the space outside the semi-dry reaction tower. Particularly, Patent No. 3 is the most similar to the present invention, but the clogging of the bag filter occurs frequently when the humidity of the gas being treated in the semi-dry reaction tower is high and the unreacted product is not completely dried. There is a disadvantage that the dust is attached to a lot of moisture is not well dusted. Therefore, in the present patent application, in order to eliminate the disadvantages of the bag filter, by applying the principle of the electrostatic precipitator, the discharge electrode is installed in the circumferential direction in the space between the inner and outer cylinders, and the inner and outer cylinder walls serve as the dust collecting plate so that the charged dust is attached. In addition, it is designed to simultaneously remove harmful acid gas and remove dust particles in one process.

상기에서 열거한 종래의 유사 특허기술에서 유해산성가스(주로 SOx, HCl)는 반건식반응방식(SDR)이고 집진은 여과집진방식(Bag Filter)을 취하고 있으나, 본 기술에서는 유해산성가스(SOx 및 HCl)처리는 반건식방식과 동일하지만 집진은 여과집진 대신에 전기집진방식을 채택하는 것에 중요한 차이가 있다.In the above-mentioned conventional similar patent technologies, the harmful acid gases (mainly SOx and HCl) are semi-dry reaction method (SDR) and the dust collection is a bag filter method. However, in the present technology, the harmful acid gases (SOx and HCl) are used. The treatment is the same as the semi-dry method, but the dust collection has an important difference in adopting the electrostatic collection method instead of the filter dust collection method.

중유연소보일러에서 배출되는 비산 연소재는 점착성(끈적임)이 매우 강하여 일반 여과집진방식에서는 여과포의 눈막힘(백필터의 기공을 막음) 현상이 심각하며, 반건식 중화반응(탈황, 탈염소반응)시 출구부의 수분과 습도가 높아 여과포의 기능이 상실되는 경우가 있다.The fugitive combustor discharged from the heavy oil combustion boiler is very sticky (sticky), so the clogging of the filter cloth (blocking the pores of the bag filter) is severe in the general filter dust collection method, and during semi-dry neutralization reaction (desulfurization, dechlorination) Due to the high moisture and humidity at the outlet, the function of the filter cloth may be lost.

따라서, 본 기술에서는 [도 1]에서와 같이 내통(③)과 외통(④)으로 된 환형부에 코로나방전극(⑤)을 설치하여 음극(-)전압을 걸고, 내외통(③,④) 양면의 집진극에 양극(+)전압을 가하는 형태의 코로나 전기집진방식을 고안한다.Therefore, in the present technology, as shown in FIG. 1, a coronal moth electrode ⑤ is provided on an annular portion formed of an inner cylinder (③) and an outer cylinder (④) to apply a negative voltage (-), and both inner and outer cylinders (③, ④) We devise a corona electrostatic precipitating type in which a positive voltage is applied to a dust collecting pole of.

본 발명기술에는 전기집진이 환형부(내통 및 외통의 사이)에서 일어남으로 써 기존의 평형 집진판 개념과는 달리 방전극의 배치 및 형상에 큰 영향을 받을 수 있다. 따라서 방전극 설계에 있어, 방전극 핀과 집진판간의 거리, 방전핀의 형상, 방전핀간의 간격등이 주요한 형상 설계 인자가 되어, 전문적인 전산유동 및 전기장해석을 통해야 만 최적설계를 할 수 있다. 또한, 반건식 반응탑에서 고습도의 배가스가 연소재와 미반응 소석회등과 같이 전기집진부로 배출되면서 집진을 일으키기 때문에 과전류가 발생하거나, 탈진시 재비산되는 현상이 생길 수 있어, 설계에 많은 주의가 필요하다.In the present technology, since the electrostatic precipitation occurs in the annular portion (between the inner and outer cylinders), unlike the conventional balanced dust collecting plate concept, it may be greatly influenced by the arrangement and shape of the discharge electrode. Therefore, in the discharge electrode design, the distance between the discharge electrode pin and the dust collecting plate, the shape of the discharge pin, and the distance between the discharge pins are the main shape design factors, and the optimal design can be achieved only through professional computational flow and electric field analysis. In addition, since high-humidity flue-gases are discharged to the electrostatic precipitator such as combustion materials and unreacted slaked lime in the semi-dry reaction tower, overcurrent may occur or re-spread during dedusting. Do.

본 발명의 주요 구성은 [도 1]에서와 같이 반건식반응장치부 (유입구(①), 선회가속부(②), 내통(③), 둘레방향의 이류체노즐(⑩)등), 포집부 (원심회전부(⑥), 포집구(⑦), 포집통(⑧)등) 및 전기집진부(내통(③)와 외통(④)사이의 환형부, 코로나방전극(⑤)과 원주둘레방향의 배치(⑪)), 유출구(⑨)로 구성되어 있다.The main configuration of the present invention is a semi-dry reaction apparatus portion (inlet (①), swing acceleration portion (②), inner cylinder (③), drift body nozzle (이) in the circumferential direction, as shown in Figure 1), the collecting portion ( Centrifugal rotating part (⑥), collecting hole (⑦), collecting container (⑧), and electrostatic precipitating part (annular part between inner cylinder (③) and outer cylinder (④), arrangement in the direction of the circumferential circumference (⑤) )) And outlet (⑨).

보다 구체적인 구성으로 탈황 및 탈염소반응을 하는 약품(주로 소석회, Ca(OH)2등)을 미세한 액적으로 분무하는 이류체노즐(⑩)이 상단의 둘레방향으로 분무량에 따라 여러개가 설치되고, 환형부(내통(③)과 외통(④)사이)의 둘레방향으로 코로나방전극(⑤)을 요구되는 전기하전량과 균일한 전기장을 형성하기 위해 여러개 설치된다. 코로나방전극(⑤)은 수직길이 방향으로 다수의 다양한 방전극 형상(wire type, 톱니형태, 열십자형태등)을 취할 수 있다. 또한, 집진극 역할을 하는 내통(③)의 바깥면과 외통(④)의 안쪽면에서 포집되어 붙어 있는 먼지를 주기적으로 털어내기 위한 탈진 진동자 혹은 햄머가 설치된다.More specifically, a plurality of two-fluid nozzles are sprayed in the circumferential direction of the upper end to spray chemicals (mainly hydrated lime, Ca (OH) 2, etc.), which are desulfurized and dechlorinated, into fine droplets. In the circumferential direction of the portion (between the inner cylinder (③) and the outer cylinder (④)), the corona moth electrode (⑤) is provided in order to form a required electric charge and a uniform electric field. The corona moth electrode ⑤ may take a number of various discharge electrode shapes (wire type, sawtooth shape, cross shape, etc.) in the vertical length direction. In addition, an oscillation vibrator or hammer is provided for periodically dusting off the dust collected on the outer surface of the inner cylinder ③ and the inner surface of the outer cylinder ④ serving as a dust collecting pole.

1) 본 발명은 유해가스처리( 주로 탈황(De-SOx) 및 탈염소(De-HCl))와 집진이 하나의 장치내에서 동시에 처리되도록 되어 있어 설치공간이 작으며, 운전관리가 용이하다.1) In the present invention, the harmful gas treatment (desulfurization (De-SOx) and dechlorination (De-HCl)) and dust collection are simultaneously processed in one device, the installation space is small, and easy operation management.

2) 반건식 탈황 혹은 탈염소처리후의 반응생성물(주로, CaSO3, CaCl2)과 미반응물(Ca(OH)2)등과 먼지들이 여과포집진방식과는 달리 고온, 고습에 덜 민감한 전기집진방식에서 처리될 수 있다.  2) Reaction products (mainly CaSO3, CaCl2) and unreacted product (Ca (OH) 2) and dust after semi-dry desulfurization or dechlorination can be treated in an electrostatic precipitating method which is less sensitive to high temperature and high humidity, unlike the filter bagging method. have.

3) [도 1]의 내통(③)이 외통(④) 내부에 있어 열손실을 줄일 수 있어 반응효율을 높으며, 공정에너지손실이 적고, 단열시공이 줄어든다. 4) 여과포 집진방식보다 점착성이 강한 중유연소재의 집진이 용이하다.3) The inner cylinder (③) of [Figure 1] can reduce the heat loss inside the outer cylinder (④), thereby increasing the reaction efficiency, less process energy loss, and less heat insulation construction. 4) It is easy to collect heavy oil-combustible materials that are more sticky than filter cloth dust collection.

Claims (1)

산업용 중유보일러 연소로 및 폐기물 소각로에서 배출되는 SOx 및 HCl가스와 비산 연소재를 일체형 반건식 반응장치(SDR)와 전기집진장치(ESP)에서 동시에 처리할 수 있는 장치로서, 구체적으로 연소먼지를 포함한 유해배연가스가 장치의 접선으로 유입되게 유도하는 사각단면의 유입구(①), 상기 유입구를 거쳐 선회가속을 시키는 선회가속부(②), 상기 선회가속부에서 선회 가속되면서, 화학흡수반응을 하는 내통(③)부, 상기 내통의 상단면에 둘레방향으로 소석회(Ca(OH)2) 슬러리를 분사하는 다수로 설치된 이류체 노즐(⑩)부, 상기 내통부내에서 유해산성가스인 SOx, HCl등은 분사된 소석회(Ca(OH)2) 슬러리 액적과 기액 흡수반응을 거쳐 중화된 반응생성물과 먼지들을 생성하고, 상기 생성물과 먼지들 중에서 무거운 입자들이 원심회전력에 의해 포집될 수 있게하는 하부의 원심회전부(⑥), 상기 원심회전부에서 포집된 입자를 배출하는 하부의 포집통(⑧), 나머지 가벼운 입자들은 전기집진방식으로 포집이 가능하도록 한 내통(③)과 외통(④) 및 그 사이에 설치되는 다수의 코로나 방전극(⑤)으로 이루어져 있는 전기집진부, 상기 전기집진부를 거쳐 최종적으로 정화된 가스를 배출하는 외통(④)에 접선으로 부착된 사각 단면의 유출구(⑨)등을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 유해가스(SOx, HCl등) 및 먼지 제거 장치.It is a device that can simultaneously treat SOx and HCl gas and fugitive combustion materials from industrial heavy oil boiler combustion furnace and waste incinerator in the integrated semi-dry reactor (SDR) and electrostatic precipitator (ESP). Inlet (①) of the square section to induce flue gas to enter the tangential of the device, the turning acceleration portion (②) to accelerate the turning through the inlet, the inner cylinder for the chemical absorption reaction while turning in the turning acceleration portion ( ③) part, a multi-fluid nozzle part installed to inject the slurry (Ca (OH) 2) slurry in the circumferential direction on the upper surface of the inner cylinder, SOx, HCl, etc., which are harmful acid gases in the inner cylinder, Slurry (Ca (OH) 2) slurry droplets and gas-liquid absorption reactions produce neutralized reaction products and dusts, and heavy particles of the products and dusts can be collected by centrifugal rotation. Centrifugal rotary part (⑥) of the lower part, the lower collecting cylinder (⑧) for discharging the particles collected by the centrifugal rotating part, the inner light (③) and outer cylinder (④) and the remaining light particles to be collected by the electrostatic precipitating method and It includes an electrostatic precipitating portion consisting of a plurality of corona discharge electrode (⑤) installed in between, the outlet (⑨) of the rectangular cross section attached tangentially to the outer cylinder (④) for discharging the finally purified gas through the electrostatic precipitating portion. Harmful gases (SOx, HCl, etc.) and dust removal device, characterized in that.
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