KR100616649B1 - Grey cast iron alloy and cast internal combustion engine component - Google Patents
Grey cast iron alloy and cast internal combustion engine component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100616649B1 KR100616649B1 KR1020047018233A KR20047018233A KR100616649B1 KR 100616649 B1 KR100616649 B1 KR 100616649B1 KR 1020047018233 A KR1020047018233 A KR 1020047018233A KR 20047018233 A KR20047018233 A KR 20047018233A KR 100616649 B1 KR100616649 B1 KR 100616649B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- cast iron
- less
- iron alloy
- gray cast
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 회주철 합금에 관한 것이다. 보다 구체적으로는, 본 발명은 피로 강도 개선을 위한 추가 합금 원소를 함유하는 실질적으로 펄라이트 조직의 회주철에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a gray cast iron alloy. More specifically, the present invention relates to gray cast iron in a substantially pearlite structure containing further alloying elements for improving fatigue strength.
본 발명은 또한, 본 발명에 따른 회주철 합금으로 주조된 내연 기관 부재에 관한 것이다.The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine member cast from a gray cast iron alloy according to the invention.
회주철은, 비용이 비교적 적게 들고 성능이 우수하기 때문에, 예를 들면 차량용 내연 기관 블록용으로 가장 관심의 대상이 되는 재료이다. 사용시의 재료의 인장 강도, 마모성 등과 같은 물성 및 비용, 가공성 등과 같은 생산성을 서로 절충시킬 수 있는 넓은 범위 내의 조성들이 이미 공지되어 있다.Gray cast iron is the material of most interest for, for example, a vehicle internal combustion engine block because of its relatively low cost and excellent performance. Compositions within a wide range are known in the art that can compromise the productivity of materials such as tensile strength, abrasion and the like in use and productivity such as cost, processability and the like.
따라서, 주조된 내연 기관 블록에 있어서, 기본 합금 0120은 이하의 표 1에 따른 조성을 갖고, 통상의 표준 합금 또한 표 1에 따른 조성을 가지며, 스카니아(Scania) 표준 합금은 비교적 높은 탄소 함량에 의하여 건전한[공동(pore)이 없는] 재료 및 펄라이트 조직의 회주철을 제공한다. Thus, in a cast internal combustion engine block, the base alloy 0120 has the composition according to Table 1 below, the conventional standard alloy also has the composition according to Table 1, and the Scania standard alloy is sounded by a relatively high carbon content. Gray iron of material and perlite structure.
그러나, 현재의 상태로도 충분히 사용은 가능하지만, 근래에는 현재의 물성 을 보완하기 위하여 개선된 피로 강도가 요망되고 있으며, 피로 강도가 개선되면 종래 기술에 의한 회주철의 용도가 확대될 것이다.However, even in the present state, the present invention can be sufficiently used, but in recent years, improved fatigue strength is desired to complement the current physical properties, and the use of gray cast iron according to the prior art will be expanded when the fatigue strength is improved.
본 발명의 목적은, 표준 합금에 비하여 비교적 건전한 조직을 가지며 양호한 가공성을 제공하며 또한 실질적으로 피로 강도가 개선된 회주철을 제공하는 것이다. It is an object of the present invention to provide gray cast iron which has a relatively healthy structure compared to standard alloys, provides good processability and substantially improves fatigue strength.
본 발명의 또 다른 목적은, 표준 합금에 비하여 실질적으로 피로 강도가 개선된 회주철로 제조된 기관 블록과 같은 내연 기관 부재를 제공하는 것이다. Another object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine member such as an engine block made of gray cast iron with substantially improved fatigue strength compared to standard alloys.
본 발명의 목적은 첨부한 특허청구범위 제1항에 따른 회주철에 의하여 달성된다. 바람직한 실시 형태들은 종속항들에 명시되어 있다. The object of the invention is achieved by gray cast iron according to the appended claims. Preferred embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
또한, 본 발명의 목적은 첨부한 특허청구범위 제9항에 따른 회주철 내연 기관 부재에 의해 달성된다. 바람직한 실시 형태들은 종속항들에 명시되어 있다.The object of the present invention is also achieved by a gray cast iron internal combustion engine member according to the appended claims. Preferred embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
도 1은, 기본 합금, 표준 합금 및 본 발명에 따른 합금의 뵐러(Boehler) 피로 곡선이다. 1 is a Boehler fatigue curve of a base alloy, a standard alloy and an alloy according to the invention.
이하의 설명에 기재된 합금들의 모든 원소들에 대한 백분율은 중량%를 나타낸다. The percentages for all elements of the alloys described in the description below represent weight percent.
본 발명에 따른 합금은 실질적으로 조직이 펄라이트이고 탄소 함량이 3.2% ~ 3.49%인 회주철이다. 비교적 높은 탄소 함량은 건전한 조직의 형성을 촉진한다. 펄 라이트/탄화물 안정화시키는 특성이 있는 Cr을 0.2% ~ 0.4% 첨가하면, 미세한 펄라이트 조직이 형성된다.The alloy according to the invention is substantially gray cast iron having a structure of pearlite and a carbon content of 3.2% to 3.49%. The relatively high carbon content promotes the formation of healthy tissues. When 0.2% to 0.4% of Cr having a pearlite / carbide stabilizing property is added, fine pearlite structures are formed.
0.1% ~ 0.4%의 Mo, 0.03% ~ 0.3%의 V, 0.007% ~ 0.015%의 Ti 및 0.15% 미만의 Nb를 첨가하면, 이 원소들은 탄화물을 형성시키는 특성이 있을 뿐만 아니라, 주조시에 미세한 펄라이트 및 박편(flake)형 흑연 조직(1차 및 2차 석출 탄화물)을 형성시키는 핵으로서 작용한다. 또한 Mo는 고온에서 펄라이트를 안정화시킨다.When 0.1% to 0.4% Mo, 0.03% to 0.3% V, 0.007% to 0.015% Ti and less than 0.15% Nb are added, these elements not only have the property of forming carbides, It acts as a nucleus to form pearlite and flake graphite structures (primary and secondary precipitated carbides). Mo also stabilizes pearlite at high temperatures.
Si는 1.8% ~ 2.2%의 함량으로 존재하여 회주철 형성을 촉진한다.Si is present in an amount of 1.8% to 2.2% to promote gray cast iron formation.
0.3% ~ 0.8%의 Mn은 펄라이트 안정제로서 존재한다.0.3% to 0.8% Mn is present as a pearlite stabilizer.
본 발명에서 0.3% ~ 1.0%의 함량으로 존재하는 Cu는 펄라이트 형성을 촉진하고 펄라이트를 안정화시키며, 또한 미세 조직의 형성을 촉진한다.Cu present in the content of 0.3% to 1.0% in the present invention promotes pearlite formation, stabilizes pearlite, and also promotes formation of microstructures.
S 및 P의 함량은 0.15% 미만으로 유지되어야 한다.The content of S and P should be kept below 0.15%.
0.005% ~ 0.017%의 N은 박편형 흑연을 압밀화하고 펄라이트 형성을 촉진하며, 0.01% 미만의 Al은 흑연 형성제로서 작용한다.0.005% to 0.017% of N compacts flaky graphite and promotes pearlite formation, and less than 0.01% of Al serves as a graphite former.
회주철 합금은 잔부 Fe 및 통상의 불순물을 또한 함유한다. Ti, N 및 Al의 함량은 통상의 불순물 범위 내에서 존재하지만 바람직할 수도 있다. Gray cast iron alloys also contain the balance Fe and common impurities. The contents of Ti, N and Al are present within the usual impurity range but may be preferred.
<실시예><Example>
1회 처리량을 1500kg으로 준비하여, 각 처리량을 4개의 300kg 기관 블록으로 주조하였다. 1420℃에서 주조를 개시하였고, 주조 공정 중에 온도가 약 10℃ 강하하였다.One throughput was prepared at 1500 kg and each throughput was cast into four 300 kg tracheal blocks. Casting was started at 1420 ° C. and the temperature dropped about 10 ° C. during the casting process.
기본 합금을 사용하여 Mo, V, Ti, Nb를 조합한 10 종류의 주물들을 제조하였 다.Ten types of castings were prepared by combining Mo, V, Ti, and Nb using a base alloy.
또한, N과 Al의 함량을 변화시켜 핵 형성제(접종제)가 다른 16 종류의 주물들을 제조하였다.
본 발명에 따른 회주철 합금을 제조하기 위한 그 밖의 공정 조건에 대해서는, 당해 분야에 공지된 통상의 공정 단계 및 수단을 채용하였다.In addition, 16 kinds of castings having different nucleating agents (inoculation agents) were prepared by changing the contents of N and Al.
For other process conditions for producing gray cast iron alloys according to the invention, conventional process steps and means known in the art were employed.
각 주물로부터 피로 시험편을 채취하여 피로 시험을 실시하였다.Fatigue test pieces were extract | collected from each casting, and the fatigue test was done.
또한, 선행 시험에서의 가장 양호한 결과를 나타내는 조성을 조합한 주물들을 생산하여 피로 시험을 실시하였다.In addition, fatigue tests were carried out by producing castings in combination with the compositions that exhibited the best results in the preceding tests.
본 발명에 따른 조성 범위 내의 조성에 해당하는 결과를 도 1에 곡선 3으로 도시하였으며, 이 조성을 표 1에 또한 나타내었다.The result corresponding to the composition within the composition range according to the present invention is shown by
본 발명에 따른 회주철은 기본 합금의 회주철보다 약 40% 높은 피로 강도를 나타내고 기관 블록용 표준 회주철보다 약 30% 높은 피로 강도를 나타내며, 또한 본 발명은 가공성 및 건전성 등에 있어서도 우수한 성능을 실현하는 회주철을 제공한다.Gray cast iron according to the present invention exhibits a fatigue strength of about 40% higher than gray cast iron of the base alloy and about 30% higher fatigue strength than the standard gray cast iron for engine blocks. to provide.
전술한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 회주철은 기관 블록 부재와 같은 내연 기관 주물 부재용으로 극히 유용하며, 본 발명에 따른 합금은 가공성, 건전성 및 높은 피로 강도를 겸비한다. 본 발명에 따른 합금은 실린더 헤드 등과 같은 기타 부재에도 또한 유용하다. As mentioned above, the gray cast iron according to the present invention is extremely useful for internal combustion engine casting members such as engine block members, and the alloy according to the present invention combines workability, soundness and high fatigue strength. The alloy according to the invention is also useful for other members such as cylinder heads and the like.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0201431-4 | 2002-05-13 | ||
SE0201431A SE526903C2 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2002-05-13 | Gray iron alloy and cast internal combustion engine component |
PCT/SE2003/000770 WO2003095692A1 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-05-12 | Gray cast iron alloy and cast internal combustion engine component |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20050010796A KR20050010796A (en) | 2005-01-28 |
KR100616649B1 true KR100616649B1 (en) | 2006-08-28 |
Family
ID=20287840
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020047018233A KR100616649B1 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-05-12 | Grey cast iron alloy and cast internal combustion engine component |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1506323B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4137054B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100616649B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1320150C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE477347T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003243063A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0309975B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60333748D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1506323T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2350478T3 (en) |
SE (1) | SE526903C2 (en) |
SI (1) | SI1506323T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003095692A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109182890A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-11 | 中车大连机车车辆有限公司 | A kind of gray cast iron and its smelting process |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE0300752L (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2004-09-20 | Volvo Lastvagnar Ab | Gray iron for engine cylinder blocks and top caps |
DE102004010917C5 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2018-05-17 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Cast iron material with high strength |
KR100656470B1 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2006-12-11 | 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 | Apparatus and method for controlling driver of semiconductor memory |
US8333923B2 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2012-12-18 | Caterpillar Inc. | High strength gray cast iron |
FR2948744B1 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2015-04-24 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | CYLINDER SHOE FOR THE CUTTING OF THE CYLINDRICAL WALL OF A CYLINDER OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
CN102465230A (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-23 | 常州朗锐活塞有限公司 | Piston material for alloy cast iron |
SE535043C2 (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-03-27 | Scania Cv Ab | Gray iron alloy and brake disc including gray iron alloy |
CN102409246B (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-01-02 | 河南省中原内配股份有限公司 | Bainite cylinder jacket lining and preparation method thereof |
EP2816127B1 (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2017-03-15 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Cast iron and brake part |
CN102876963A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2013-01-16 | 忻峰 | Anti-fatigue cast iron alloy |
CN102864369A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2013-01-09 | 陈敏 | Anti-fatigue cast iron alloy |
CN102864367A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-09 | 虞海盈 | Gray cast iron alloy |
CN102851567A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-02 | 虞海香 | Cast iron alloy |
CN102864370A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-09 | 黄宣斐 | Grey cast iron alloy material |
CN103572150A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-02-12 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Engine air cylinder cover gray cast iron |
CN104561750B (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2016-08-17 | 河南星鹏铸件有限责任公司 | Ferrum liquid and the casting method of pressure disc foundry goods for casting pressure dish foundry goods |
CN103834852A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-06-04 | 四川大学 | Tin and niobium composite alloying gray pig iron and production process thereof |
CN104313456A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-28 | 熊荣鑫 | Anti-fatigue iron alloy |
CN104962839A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-10-07 | 南京飞燕活塞环股份有限公司 | Piston ring material high in wear resistance, fracture resistance, and hardness |
CN104962820A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-10-07 | 龙口市和义机械配件有限公司 | Alloy steel for racing car brake disc and preparation method of alloy steel |
KR101794876B1 (en) | 2016-09-05 | 2017-11-07 | 티피알 가부시키가이샤 | Cylindrical member made of flake graphite cast iron |
CN108070778A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-05-25 | 山东恒圆精工部件股份有限公司 | Piston ring cast-iron alloy and its manufacturing method |
CN107119221B (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-08-07 | 含山县朝霞铸造有限公司 | A kind of micro alloyed high strength grey cast iron part and its method of smelting |
CN108913985A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-11-30 | 东风商用车有限公司 | A kind of high-carbon equivalent high-strength gray cast iron and preparation method thereof |
CN110079726B (en) * | 2019-06-01 | 2021-04-06 | 亚新科国际铸造(山西)有限公司 | Process for improving normal-temperature tension-compression fatigue strength of gray cast iron engine cylinder cover |
CN111334705A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-06-26 | 中原内配集团股份有限公司 | High-strength pearlite antifriction cast iron and preparation method and application thereof |
US11879168B2 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2024-01-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | High-modulus, high-strength, low alloy gray cast iron for cylinder liners and automotive applications |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU773124A1 (en) * | 1979-04-25 | 1980-10-23 | Институт Проблем Литья Ан Украинской Сср | Cast iron |
SU1310451A1 (en) * | 1985-08-30 | 1987-05-15 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Технологии Арматуростроения | Cast iron |
CN1019987C (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1993-03-03 | 济南钢铁总厂 | Heatfatigue deterioration-proof grey cast iron |
FR2685914B1 (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1994-04-15 | Avisa | NOVEL CAST IRON CAST IRON MOLD, APPLYING MOLD AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING SUCH A MOLD. |
US5242510A (en) * | 1992-09-25 | 1993-09-07 | Detroit Diesel Corporation | Alloyed grey iron having high thermal fatigue resistance and good machinability |
RU2039117C1 (en) * | 1992-11-24 | 1995-07-09 | Киевское государственное предприятие "Изумруд" | Cast iron for cutting disks |
CN1100150A (en) * | 1993-09-09 | 1995-03-15 | 株洲市机械工业研究所 | Impact fatigue-resistant wear-proof alloy cast iron |
JP3779370B2 (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 2006-05-24 | 株式会社リケン | Cast iron and piston rings |
-
2002
- 2002-05-13 SE SE0201431A patent/SE526903C2/en unknown
-
2003
- 2003-05-12 BR BRPI0309975-0A patent/BR0309975B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-12 KR KR1020047018233A patent/KR100616649B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-12 AT AT03750007T patent/ATE477347T1/en active
- 2003-05-12 ES ES03750007T patent/ES2350478T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-12 WO PCT/SE2003/000770 patent/WO2003095692A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-05-12 CN CNB03811027XA patent/CN1320150C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-12 AU AU2003243063A patent/AU2003243063A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-12 SI SI200331893T patent/SI1506323T1/en unknown
- 2003-05-12 EP EP03750007A patent/EP1506323B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-12 DE DE60333748T patent/DE60333748D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-12 JP JP2004503680A patent/JP4137054B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-12 DK DK03750007.1T patent/DK1506323T3/en active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109182890A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-11 | 中车大连机车车辆有限公司 | A kind of gray cast iron and its smelting process |
CN109182890B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-05-26 | 中车大连机车车辆有限公司 | Gray cast iron and smelting method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK1506323T3 (en) | 2010-11-22 |
BR0309975A (en) | 2005-02-22 |
CN1653202A (en) | 2005-08-10 |
EP1506323A1 (en) | 2005-02-16 |
SI1506323T1 (en) | 2011-01-31 |
JP4137054B2 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
KR20050010796A (en) | 2005-01-28 |
AU2003243063A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
ES2350478T3 (en) | 2011-01-24 |
SE526903C2 (en) | 2005-11-15 |
WO2003095692A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
CN1320150C (en) | 2007-06-06 |
JP2005525468A (en) | 2005-08-25 |
EP1506323B1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
SE0201431D0 (en) | 2002-05-13 |
ATE477347T1 (en) | 2010-08-15 |
SE0201431L (en) | 2003-11-14 |
BR0309975B1 (en) | 2010-12-14 |
DE60333748D1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR100616649B1 (en) | Grey cast iron alloy and cast internal combustion engine component | |
US9132478B2 (en) | Cast iron alloy for cylinder heads | |
US20020000273A1 (en) | Process for nodulizing silicon in casting aluminum silicon alloys | |
CA2994195C (en) | Impact resistant ductile iron castings | |
KR102148756B1 (en) | Heat-resistant spherical graphite cast iron, methods of preparing spherical graphite cast iron and exhaust system part including spherical graphite cast iron | |
US5279902A (en) | Air hardening steel | |
EP0272788B1 (en) | A method of making wear resistant gray cast iron | |
CA1229508A (en) | Method of making high strength ferritic ductile iron parts | |
WO1994008062A1 (en) | Alloyed grey iron having high thermal fatigue resistance and good machinability | |
JPH05140700A (en) | Ferritic heat resistant cast steel member and its manufacture | |
JPH0734204A (en) | Ferritic heat resistant cast steel and its production | |
JPH1096040A (en) | High strength gray cast iron excellent in cutting workability | |
JP3874133B2 (en) | Wear-resistant steel | |
JP5475380B2 (en) | Austenitic cast iron, its manufacturing method and austenitic cast iron casting | |
JP2020002402A (en) | Nodular graphite cast iron | |
KR20070028809A (en) | Composition of ferritic ductile cast iron for engine's exhaust manifold | |
JPS63114936A (en) | Low thermal expansion cast iron and its production | |
JPH05339675A (en) | Graphite cast steel | |
JPH07179984A (en) | Cast iron of high strength and low expansion and its production | |
KR20230043437A (en) | Manufacturing Method of High-Cr Cast Iron By Precipitation Hardening Through Phase Prediction | |
CN115074611A (en) | Ferrite matrix gray cast iron and manufacturing method and application thereof | |
JP2003138337A (en) | Low thermal expansion cast alloy | |
JPS6247456A (en) | High-silicon graphite cast steel and its manufacture | |
JP2001026849A (en) | Heat resistant cast steel and its production | |
JPS59208053A (en) | High chromium cast iron |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20120802 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20130801 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20150717 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
LAPS | Lapse due to unpaid annual fee |