KR100557412B1 - High purity refining method of silver - Google Patents

High purity refining method of silver Download PDF

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KR100557412B1
KR100557412B1 KR1020040057498A KR20040057498A KR100557412B1 KR 100557412 B1 KR100557412 B1 KR 100557412B1 KR 1020040057498 A KR1020040057498 A KR 1020040057498A KR 20040057498 A KR20040057498 A KR 20040057498A KR 100557412 B1 KR100557412 B1 KR 100557412B1
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silver
solution
ingot
added
glucose
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KR20060008657A (en
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김치권
정진기
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한국지질자원연구원
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00General methods of reducing to metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/10General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

본 발명은 고순도로 은(銀)을 정제하는 방법에 관한것으로, 그 목적은 은(銀) 함량이 75wt%~99wt%인 은괴를 정제하여 은의 순도를 99wt% 이상으로 향상시키면서도 독성이 없고, 폐수처리 비용이 낮은 화학정제방법을 제공하는데 있다.The present invention relates to a method of purifying silver with high purity, and its purpose is to purify the silver ingot having a silver content of 75wt% to 99wt%, thereby improving the purity of silver to 99wt% or more, and without wastewater, It is to provide a chemical purification method with a low processing cost.

본 발명의 구성은 은의 화학정제 방법에 있어서, 은괴(銀塊)에 질산을 첨가 후 가열, 분해하여 질산은용액을 제조하고, 이 질산은용액 중에 불순물로 함유되어 있는 철, 동, 아연을 제거하기 위하여 암모니아수를 첨가하여 pH를 10~11로 보정한 후 교반시키고, 교반된 용액에 포도당(C6H12O6)을 증류수에 용해한 수용액을 서서히 첨가하여 은(銀)이온을 선택적으로 환원, 석출한후 여과, 세척 및 건조단계를 거쳐 하여 고순도 은(銀)으로 정제하는 방법을 특징으로 한다.The composition of the present invention is a chemical purification method of silver, in which a silver nitrate solution is prepared by adding and dissolving nitric acid to silver ingot, and then removing the iron, copper and zinc contained as impurities in the silver nitrate solution. The pH was adjusted to 10-11 by addition of the solution, followed by stirring. The aqueous solution of glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) dissolved in distilled water was gradually added to the stirred solution to selectively reduce and precipitate silver ions. It is characterized by a method of purifying with high purity silver (를) through filtration, washing and drying steps.

화학정제방법, 고순도, 은, 포도당, 무독성Chemical Purification Method, High Purity, Silver, Glucose, Non-Toxic

Description

고순도 은(銀)을 정제하는 방법{High purity refining method of silver} High purity refining method of silver             

도 1은 본 발명 고순도 은 정제공정을 나타낸 일 실시예도이다. 1 is an embodiment showing the high purity silver purification process of the present invention.

본 발명은 은의 정제방법에 관한 것으로, 특히 독성이 없고 폐수처리 비용이 낮으면서도 은을 고순도로 정제하는 화학정제방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for purifying silver, and more particularly, to a chemical purification method for purifying silver with high purity while having no toxicity and low cost of wastewater treatment.

은(銀)은 많은 양이 산업용으로 이용되는데 화폐, 주방기기, 필름제조, 화학공업에서의 은도금 및 약품, 도료, 전지, 전기접점, 땜납, 바이메탈, 진공증착, 베어링, 치과용 등 그 활용범위가 매우 넓다.A large amount of silver is used for industrial purposes, and it is used for money, kitchen equipment, film production, silver plating and chemicals in chemical industry, paint, battery, electrical contact, solder, bimetal, vacuum deposition, bearing, dental, etc. Is very wide.

또한 예로부터 금 다음으로 애호하여 세공의 재료로도 이용되었는데 은선, 은박, 은분으로 만들어 쓰기도 하며, 장신구, 보석함, 꽃병, 촛대, 상패 등 장식품을 만드는데 주요 재료로 사용하고 있다. 특히 급속도로 성장을 더해가고 있는 전자산업 및 통신산업에서 필수적으로 사용되고 있는 소재이다. 이렇게 다용도로 사 용되는 은의 순도는 99.99wt% 이상을 유지하여야 하고 귀금속으로 가격이 고가이므로 은 함량이 낮은 은괴를 인체에 무해하고 저렴한 정제방법을 적용하여 고순도 은으로 빨리 정제하는 것이 금리 면에서 매우 중요하다. It has been used as a material for handwork since ancient times, and it is also used as a material for handwork. In particular, it is an essential material used in the electronics and telecommunications industries, which are rapidly growing. The purity of the silver used for this purpose must be maintained at more than 99.99wt% and the precious metal is expensive. Therefore, it is very safe to refine the silver ingot which is low in the silver content into the high purity silver by applying the cheap refining method. It is important.

종래에 은을 정제하는 방법으로는 은 함량이 낮은 은괴에 질산을 가하여 가열, 분해한 후 이 용액에 하이드로 퀴논, 포름알데히드, 히드라진 수용액 첨가하여 은 이온을 환원, 석출시켜 정제하는 화학정제 방법과 은괴를 용융하여 양극으로 주조한 후 전기분해하여 정제하는 전해정제 방법이 있다.Conventionally, silver is purified by adding nitric acid to silver ingot with low silver content, heating and decomposing, and then adding hydroquinone, formaldehyde, and hydrazine aqueous solution to reduce and precipitate silver ions to purify and refine the silver ingot. There is an electrolytic refining method of melting and casting to an anode, followed by electrolysis to purify.

그러나 상기 방법 중 화학정제방법은 은 함량이 낮은 은괴를 질산을 가하여 가열, 분해한 후 하이드로퀴논, 포름알데히드, 히드라진 수용액을 사용하는데 이들은 환원력이 강하기 때문에 은 이온을 환원, 석출시킬 때 용액 중에 불순물로 함유되어 있는 철, 동, 아연의 일부가 동시에 석출하게 되어 은의 순도를 99wt% 이상으로 향상시킬 수 없으며 또한 독성이 높아 인체에 해로울 뿐만 아니라 폐수처리 비용이 높은 단점이 있다.However, the chemical refining method uses hydroquinone, formaldehyde, and hydrazine aqueous solution after heating and decomposing silver ingot with low silver content by adding nitric acid.They have strong reducing power. Part of the iron, copper, and zinc contained at the same time to be precipitated at the same time can not improve the purity of silver to more than 99wt%, and also has a high toxicity is harmful to the human body and has a disadvantage of high wastewater treatment cost.

또한 전해정제 방법은 은괴의 순도가 97% 이상인 경우에는 전해정제하여 은의 순도를 99.99wt%로 정제할 수 있으나 은괴의 순도가 97% 이하인 경우에는 전해정제할 때에 용융, 주조한 양극표면에 산화 피막이 형성되어 부동태 현상을 초래하기 때문에 분극전압의 상승으로 인한 전해정제 반응이 진행되지 않기 때문에 은괴를 양극으로 용융, 주조하기 전에 화학정제하여 양극의 은 함량을 97%이상으로 유지시켜야하므로 이 과정에서 귀금속인 은이 정제공정에 장시간 체류하게 되므로 원 재료에 대한 금리의 부담이 높은 불리점이 있다.In the electrolytic refining method, when the purity of silver ingot is more than 97%, the purity of silver can be purified to 99.99 wt% by electrolytic purification. However, when the purity of the silver ingot is 97% or less, an oxide film is deposited on the surface of the molten and cast anode during electrolytic purification. Since the electrolytic refining reaction does not proceed due to the increase of the polarization voltage because it forms a passivation phenomenon, it is necessary to chemically purify the silver ingot before casting and casting it to maintain the silver content of the anode at 97% or higher. Since phosphorus silver stays in the refining process for a long time, there is a disadvantage in that the burden of interest rates on raw materials is high.

상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위한 본 발명의 목적은 은 함량이 75wt%~99wt%인 은괴를 정제하여 은의 순도를 99wt% 이상으로 향상시키면서도 독성이 없고, 폐수처리 비용이 낮은 화학정제방법을 제공하는데 있다.
An object of the present invention for solving the above problems is to improve the purity of silver to more than 99wt% by purifying a silver ingot of 75wt% ~ 99wt% of silver, yet to provide a chemical purification method with low toxicity, low waste water treatment cost have.

상기한 바와 같은 목적을 달성하고 종래의 결점을 제거하기 위한 과제를 수행하는 본 발명의 실시예인 구성과 그 작용을 첨부도면에 연계시켜 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.When described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the configuration and the operation of the embodiment of the present invention to achieve the object as described above and to perform the task for eliminating the conventional drawbacks.

도 1은 본 발명 고순도 은 정제공정을 나타낸 일 실시예도인데, 단계별 공정을 설명하자면 은 함량이 75wt%~99wt%인 은괴(銀塊)에 질산을 첨가하여 가열, 분해하여 용액을 제조한 후, 이 용액 중에 불순물로 함유되어 있는 철, 동, 아연을 제거하기 위하여 암모니아수를 첨가하여 pH를 10~11로 보정한 후 용액의 온도를 50~60℃로 유지하여 교반시키고, 여기에 포도당(C6H12O6)을 증류수에 용해한 수용액을 서서히 첨가하여 은(銀)이온을 선택적으로 환원석출하고, 이어서 환원 석출된 은을 여과, 세척 및 건조하여 순도가 99.99% 이상인 은으로 정제하는 공정이다. Figure 1 is an embodiment showing the high purity silver purification process of the present invention, to explain the step-by-step process to prepare a solution by adding nitric acid to the silver ingot (銀 塊) having a silver content of 75wt% ~ 99wt%, heating, decomposition In order to remove iron, copper and zinc contained in the solution, ammonia water was added to correct the pH to 10-11, and the solution was kept at 50-60 ° C and stirred, and glucose (C 6 H) was added thereto. 12 O 6 ) is a process in which silver ions are selectively added to reduce precipitates by gradually adding an aqueous solution of distilled water, and the reduced precipitated silver is filtered, washed and dried to purify the silver to a purity of 99.99% or more.

이때 도 1에 기재된 온도는 해당 일 실시예에 따른 수치로 이와 같은 수치만이 본 발명의 해당 단계 수치를 한정하지는 않는다. In this case, the temperature described in FIG. 1 is a numerical value according to one embodiment, and such a numerical value does not limit the corresponding numerical value of the present invention.

상기에서 질산이란 질산이 농도가 12N인 것을 말하는데, 질산은 은괴 10g을 기준으로 질산 50㎖가 투입되는 정비례관계를 가지도록 투입한다. 이와 같은 혼합 비율을 가지는 것은 은괴 10g에 투입되는 질산의 양이 50㎖ 보다 적으면 은괴가 완전히 용해되지 않고, 50㎖ 이상을 투입하면 완전히 녹기 때문에 상기와 같은 수치조건이면 충분하다.The nitric acid refers to the concentration of nitric acid 12N, nitric acid is added to have a proportional relationship in which 50 ml of nitric acid is added based on 10 g of silver ingot. In such a mixing ratio, if the amount of nitric acid added to 10 g of silver ingot is less than 50 ml, the silver ingot is not completely dissolved. If more than 50 ml is added, the above numerical condition is sufficient.

상기에서 질산은 용액을 만들 때의 가열온도는 90℃ 이상을 유지한다. 가열온도 90℃ 이하에서도 용해하나 온도가 낮을 수록 용해시간이 장시간 필요하다. 따라서 가열온도는 용해가 충분히 일어나는 90℃ 이상을 유지하면 바람직하다.The heating temperature at the time of making a silver nitrate solution is maintained above 90 degreeC. It dissolves even at heating temperature below 90 ℃, but the lower the temperature, the longer the dissolution time is required. Therefore, the heating temperature is preferably maintained at 90 ° C. or higher at which dissolution sufficiently occurs.

상기에서 질산은 용액과 암모니아수의 혼합비율은 pH가 10~11로 나올 때 까지 혼합한다.In the above, the mixing ratio of the silver nitrate solution and the ammonia water is mixed until the pH is 10-11.

상기에서 질산은 용액에 암모니아수를 첨가하여 pH를 10~11로 보정한 후 용액의 온도를 50~60℃로 유지한다. 50℃ 이하에서도 포도당을 첨가하면 은은 환원석출하나 환원반응 시간이 장시간 소요된다. 따라서 50~60℃일 경우가 환원석출 및 환원반응 시간이 적절하다.In the above solution, the pH is adjusted to 10-11 by adding ammonia water to the silver nitrate solution, and the solution temperature is maintained at 50-60 ° C. When glucose is added even below 50 ° C, silver is reduced and precipitated, but the reduction reaction takes a long time. Therefore, when it is 50 ~ 60 ℃, reduction precipitation and reduction reaction time are appropriate.

상기에서 암모니아수가 첨가된 질산은 용액에 투입되는 증류수에 희석된 포도당(C6H12O6)과의 혼합 비율은 은괴 10g에 대하여 질산 50㎖를 가하여 제조한 질산은을 은으로 환원반응시키는데 필요한 포도당의 양은 40g이며 은이 전량회수된다. 이때 포도당의 양을 40g이하로 첨가하면 은은 완전히 석출되지 않게 된다. 즉 은의 회수율이 낮아진다. 또한 40g보다 많게 되면 포도당이 손실이 높아진다. 따라서 40g이면 충분하다.The mixing ratio of glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) diluted in distilled water added to the silver nitrate solution to which the ammonia water was added was 50 g of nitrate based on 10 g of silver ingot to reduce the silver nitrate to silver. The amount is 40g and all the silver is recovered. At this time, if the amount of glucose is added to 40g or less, the silver does not completely precipitate. In other words, the recovery rate of silver is lowered. In addition, more than 40g of glucose increases the loss. Therefore, 40 g is sufficient.

증류수에 희석된 포도당의 양은 바람직하게 농도가 100g/ℓ인 포도당 수용액 400㎖이다.The amount of glucose diluted in distilled water is preferably 400 ml of aqueous glucose solution with a concentration of 100 g / l.

또한 상기 건조단계의 온도는 70℃를 유지하는 것이 가장 바람직한 고순도 은의 수율을 나타내었다.In addition, the temperature of the drying step represented a yield of high purity silver is most preferably maintained at 70 ℃.

이하 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예 및 이와 대비되는 비교예이다. The following is a preferred embodiment of the present invention and a comparative example.

실시예Example 1 One

화학조성이 Ag 75.2wt%, Fe 12.3wt%, Cu 7.4wt%, Zn 5.1wt%인 은괴(銀塊) 10g을 내부가 테프론으로 코팅된 파이렉스제 용기에 넣고 질산 50㎖를 첨가하고 가열하여 온도를 90℃를 유지, 은괴를 완전히 분해하여 제조한 질산은 용액을 제조한다. 이 용액에 암모니아수를 가하여 pH를 11로 보정한 후 용액을 가열하여 용액의 온도를 분당 10℃ 속도로 승온하여 60℃에 도달하면 온도를 유지하여 교반하고 여기에 농도가 100g/ℓ인 포도당 수용액 400㎖을 서서히 첨가하여 30분간 반응시켜 용액 중에 함유되어 있는 은이온을 선택적으로 환원, 석출하였다. 환원, 석출된 은을 여과, 세척하여 70℃로 건조하여 원자흡광 분석법으로 결과 환원, 석출된 은 중에는 불순물로 Fe 62ppm, Cu 22ppm, Zn 16ppm이 함유되어 있었다.10 g of silver bullion with chemical composition of Ag 75.2wt%, Fe 12.3wt%, Cu 7.4wt%, Zn 5.1wt% was placed in a Pyrex container coated with Teflon inside and 50ml of nitric acid was added and heated to A silver nitrate solution prepared by completely decomposing the silver ingot was maintained at 90 ° C. The pH was adjusted to 11 by adding ammonia water to the solution, and the solution was heated to raise the temperature of the solution at a rate of 10 ° C. per minute to reach 60 ° C. while maintaining and stirring the temperature. The reaction mixture was slowly added to mL for 30 minutes to selectively reduce and precipitate the silver ions contained in the solution. The reduced and precipitated silver was filtered, washed, dried at 70 ° C., and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The reduced and precipitated silver contained Fe 62 ppm, Cu 22 ppm, and Zn 16 ppm as impurities.

실시예Example 2 2

화학조성이 Ag 82.5wt%, Fe 7.8wt%, Cu 5.1wt%, Zn 4.6wt%인 은괴(銀塊) 10g을 실시예 1에 표기한 동일한 방법으로 은을 환원, 석출하여 분석한 결과 환원, 석출된 은 중에는 불순물로 Fe 61ppm, Cu 20ppm, Zn 15ppm이 함유되어 있었다.10 g of silver ingot having the chemical composition of Ag 82.5wt%, Fe 7.8wt%, Cu 5.1wt%, Zn 4.6wt% was reduced and precipitated by the same method as described in Example 1 The silver contained contained 61 ppm of Fe, 20 ppm of Cu, and 15 ppm of Zn.

실시예Example 3 3

화학조성이 Ag 87.4wt%, Fe 5.5wt%, Cu 4.4wt%, Zn 2.7wt%인 은괴(銀塊)) 10g을 실시예 1에 표기한 동일한 방법으로 은을 환원, 석출하여 분석한 결과 환원, 석출된 은 중에는 불순물로 Fe 60ppm, Cu 20ppm, Zn 13ppm이 함유되어 있었다.10 g of silver ingot having a chemical composition of Ag 87.4 wt%, Fe 5.5 wt%, Cu 4.4 wt%, and Zn 2.7 wt% was reduced, precipitated and analyzed by the same method as described in Example 1 Precipitated silver contained Fe 60 ppm, Cu 20 ppm, and Zn 13 ppm as impurities.

실시예Example 4 4

화학조성이 Ag 93.6wt%, Fe 3.6wt%, Cu 2.2wt%, Zn 1.6wt%인 은괴(銀塊)) 10g을 실시예 1에 표기한 동일한 방법으로 은을 환원, 석출하여 분석한 결과 환원, 석출된 은 중에는 불순물로 Fe 58ppm, Cu 19ppm, Zn 13ppm이 함유되어 있었다. 10 g of silver ingot having a chemical composition of Ag 93.6 wt%, Fe 3.6 wt%, Cu 2.2 wt%, Zn 1.6 wt%) was reduced and precipitated by the same method as described in Example 1 to reduce, Precipitated silver contained 58 ppm of Fe, 19 ppm of Cu and 13 ppm of Zn as impurities.

실시예Example 5 5

화학조성이 Ag 96.8wt%, Fe 1.8wt%, Cu 0.9wt%, Zn 0.5wt%인 은괴(銀塊)) 10g을 실시예 1에 표기한 동일한 방법으로 은을 환원, 석출하여 분석한 결과 환원, 석출된 은 중에는 불순물로 Fe 55ppm, Cu 18ppm, Zn 12ppm이 함유되어 있었다. 10 g of silver ingot having a chemical composition of Ag 96.8wt%, Fe 1.8wt%, Cu 0.9wt%, Zn 0.5wt%) was reduced and precipitated by the same method as described in Example 1 In the precipitated silver, impurities contained Fe 55ppm, Cu 18ppm, and Zn 12ppm.

실시예Example 6 6

화학조성이 Ag 98.6wt%, Fe 0.8wt%, Cu 0.4wt%, Zn 0.3wt%인 은괴(銀塊)) 10g을 실시예 1에 표기한 동일한 방법으로 은을 환원, 석출하여 분석한 결과 환원, 석출된 은 중에는 불순물로 Fe 54ppm, Cu 16ppm, Zn 11ppm이 함유되어 있었다. 10 g of silver ingots having a chemical composition of Ag 98.6 wt%, Fe 0.8 wt%, Cu 0.4 wt%, and Zn 0.3 wt% were reduced, precipitated and analyzed by the same method as described in Example 1 The precipitated silver contained Fe 54 ppm, Cu 16 ppm, and Zn 11 ppm as impurities.

비교예Comparative example 1 One

화학조성이 Ag 75.2wt%, Fe 12.3wt%, Cu 7.4wt%, Zn 5.1wt%인 은괴(銀塊) 10g을 내부가 테프론으로 코팅된 파이렉스제 용기에 넣고 질산 50㎖를 첨가하고 가열하여 온도를 90℃를 유지, 은괴를 완전히 분해하여 제조한 질산은 용액을 제조한다. 이 용액에 암모니아수를 가하여 pH를 11로 보정한 후 용액을 가열하여 용액의 온도를 분당 10℃ 속도로 승온하여 60℃에 도달하면 온도를 유지하여 교반하고 여기에 농도가 100g/ℓ인 하이드로퀴논 수용액 400㎖을 서서히 첨가하여 30분간 반응시켜 용액 중에 함유되어 있는 은 이온을 선택적으로 환원, 석출하였다. 환원, 석출된 은을 여과, 세척하여 70℃로 건조하여 원자흡광 분석법으로 결과 환원, 석출된 은 중에는 불순물로 Fe 0.5wt%, Cu 0.3wt%, Zn 0.2wt%가 함유되어 있었다.10 g of silver bullion with chemical composition of Ag 75.2wt%, Fe 12.3wt%, Cu 7.4wt%, Zn 5.1wt% was placed in a Pyrex container coated with Teflon inside and 50ml of nitric acid was added and heated to A silver nitrate solution prepared by completely decomposing the silver ingot was maintained at 90 ° C. The pH was adjusted to 11 by adding ammonia water to the solution, and the solution was heated to raise the temperature of the solution at a rate of 10 ° C. per minute to reach 60 ° C. while maintaining and stirring the temperature. The aqueous hydroquinone solution having a concentration of 100 g / l was added thereto. 400 ml was slowly added and reacted for 30 minutes to selectively reduce and precipitate the silver ions contained in the solution. The reduced and precipitated silver was filtered and washed, dried at 70 ° C., and the resultant silver was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry to contain 0.5 wt% Fe, 0.3 wt% Cu, and 0.2 wt% Zn as impurities.

비교예Comparative example 2 2

화학조성이 Ag 75.2wt%, Fe 12.3wt%, Cu 7.4wt%, Zn 5.1wt%인 은괴(銀塊) 10g을 내부가 테프론으로 코팅된 파이렉스제 용기에 넣고 질산 50㎖를 첨가하고 가열하여 온도를 90℃를 유지, 은괴를 완전히 분해하여 제조한 질산은 용액을 제조한다. 이 용액에 암모니아수를 가하여 pH를 11로 보정한 후 용액을 가열하여 용액의 온도를 분당 10℃ 속도로 승온하여 60℃에 도달하면 온도를 유지하여 교반하고 여기에 농도가 100g/ℓ인 포름알데히드 수용액 400㎖을 서서히 첨가하여 30분간 반응시켜 용액 중에 함유되어 있는 은 이온을 선택적으로 환원, 석출하였다. 환원, 석출된 은을 여과, 세척하여 70℃로 건조하여 원자흡광 분석법으로 결과 환원, 석출된 은 중에는 불순물로 Fe 0.7wt%, Cu 0.5wt%, Zn 0.3wt%가 함유되어 있었다. 10 g of silver bullion with chemical composition of Ag 75.2wt%, Fe 12.3wt%, Cu 7.4wt%, Zn 5.1wt% was placed in a Pyrex container coated with Teflon inside and 50ml of nitric acid was added and heated to A silver nitrate solution prepared by completely decomposing the silver ingot was maintained at 90 ° C. Ammonia water was added to the solution to calibrate the pH to 11, and the solution was heated to raise the temperature of the solution at a rate of 10 ° C. per minute to reach 60 ° C. while maintaining and stirring the temperature. Formaldehyde solution having a concentration of 100 g / l was added thereto. 400 ml was slowly added and reacted for 30 minutes to selectively reduce and precipitate the silver ions contained in the solution. The reduced and precipitated silver was filtered, washed, dried at 70 ° C., and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The reduced and precipitated silver contained Fe 0.7 wt%, Cu 0.5 wt%, and Zn 0.3 wt%.

비교예Comparative example 2 2

화학조성이 Ag 75.2wt%, Fe 12.3wt%, Cu 7.4wt%, Zn 5.1wt%인 은괴(銀塊) 10g을 내부가 테프론으로 코팅된 파이렉스제 용기에 넣고 질산 50㎖를 첨가하고 가열하여 온도를 90℃를 유지, 은괴를 완전히 분해하여 제조한 질산은 용액을 제조한다. 이 용액에 암모니아수를 가하여 pH를 11로 보정한 후 용액을 가열하여 용액의 온도를 분당 10℃ 속도로 승온하여 60℃에 도달하면 온도를 유지하여 교반하고 여기에 농도가 100g/ℓ인 히드라진 수용액 400㎖을 서서히 첨가하여 30분간 반응시켜 용액 중에 함유되어 있는 은 이온을 선택적으로 환원, 석출하였다. 환원, 석출된 은을 여과, 세척하여 70℃로 건조하여 원자흡광 분석법으로 결과 환원, 석출된 은 중에는 불순물로 Fe 0.9wt%, Cu 0.7wt%, Zn 0.6wt%가 함유되어 있었다10 g of silver bullion with chemical composition of Ag 75.2wt%, Fe 12.3wt%, Cu 7.4wt%, Zn 5.1wt% was placed in a Pyrex container coated with Teflon inside and 50ml of nitric acid was added and heated to A silver nitrate solution prepared by completely decomposing the silver ingot was maintained at 90 ° C. The pH was adjusted to 11 by adding ammonia water to the solution, and the solution was heated to raise the temperature of the solution at a rate of 10 ° C. per minute to reach 60 ° C. while maintaining and stirring the temperature. The reaction mixture was slowly added to mL for 30 minutes to selectively reduce and precipitate the silver ions contained in the solution. The reduced and precipitated silver was filtered and washed, dried at 70 ° C., and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The reduced and precipitated silver contained Fe 0.9wt%, Cu 0.7wt%, and Zn 0.6wt% as impurities.

상기 실시예 및 비교예에 표시한 바와 같이 본 발명에 의한 포도당을 사용하여 정제한 은의 순도는 99.99wt%이상을 나타내고 있으나, 종래 수산 하이드로퀴논, 포름알데히드, 히드라진을 사용하여 정제한 은의 순도는 최대 99wt%를 나타냄을 알 수 있어 본 발명의 정제방법은 종래 정제방법에 비해 현저한 작용효과를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다.As shown in the above Examples and Comparative Examples, the purity of the silver purified using the glucose according to the present invention is not less than 99.99 wt%, but the purity of the silver purified using conventional hydroquinone, formaldehyde, and hydrazine is maximum. It can be seen that it represents 99wt%, it can be seen that the purification method of the present invention has a remarkable effect compared to the conventional purification method.

본 발명은 상술한 특정의 바람직한 실시예에 한정되지 아니하며, 청구범위에서 청구하는 본 발명의 요지를 벗어남이 없이 당해 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 누구든지 다양한 변형실시가 가능한 것은 물론이고, 그와 같은 변경은 청구범위 기재의 범위 내에 있게 된다. The present invention is not limited to the above-described specific preferred embodiments, and various modifications can be made by any person having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention claimed in the claims. Of course, such changes will fall within the scope of the claims.

상기와 같이 본 발명은 은 함량이 75wt%~99wt%인 은괴를 질산에 가열, 분해하여 제조한 질산은 용액에에 포함된 주원소인 은과 불순물인 철, 동 및 아연 중에서 고순도의 은을 환원석출하여 정제시 종래처럼 하이드로 퀴논, 포름알데히드, 히드라진과 같은 독성이 강한 화공약품을 사용하지 않고, 인체에 대한 독성이 전혀 없는 포도당 수용액을 첨가하는 공정으로 은 이온을 선택적으로 환원, 석출시켜 정 제하기 때문에 종래의 방법보다 순도가 높은 은을 정제할 수 있고, 독성이 없고, 폐수처리 비용이 낮은 화학정제방법이라는 장점을 가진 유용한 발명으로 산업상 이용이 크게 기대되는 발명인 것이다.
















As described above, the present invention reduced-precipitates silver of high purity among silver, which is a main element included in the silver nitrate solution, and iron, copper, and zinc, which are prepared by heating and decomposing silver ingot having a silver content of 75wt% to 99wt% in nitric acid. In the purification process, instead of using chemicals with high toxicity, such as hydroquinone, formaldehyde, hydrazine, and the like, a process of adding an aqueous glucose solution that is not toxic to the human body to selectively reduce and precipitate silver ions. Therefore, it is a useful invention having the advantage of a chemical purification method which can purify silver having a higher purity than the conventional method, has no toxicity, and has a low cost of wastewater treatment.
















Claims (7)

은의 화학정제 방법에 있어서,In the chemical purification method of silver, 은의 함량이 75wt~99wt%인 은괴(銀塊)에 질산을 첨가 후 가열, 분해하여 질산은용액을 제조하고, 이 질산은용액 중에 불순물로 함유되어 있는 철, 동, 아연을 제거하기 위하여 암모니아수를 첨가하여 pH를 10~11로 보정한 후 용액의 온도를 50~60℃로 유지하면서 교반시키고, 교반된 용액에 포도당(C6H12O6)을 증류수에 희석하여 용해한 수용액을 서서히 첨가하여 은(銀) 이온을 선택적으로 환원, 석출한 후 여과, 세척 및 건조단계를 거쳐 고순도 은(銀)으로 정제하되,Silver nitrate was prepared by adding nitric acid to silver ingot (75wt ~ 99wt%) and heating and decomposing, and adding ammonia water to remove iron, copper and zinc contained as impurities in silver nitrate solution. After stirring to 10-11, while maintaining the temperature of the solution to 50 ~ 60 ℃ stirred, dilute glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) in distilled water and slowly added an aqueous solution of silver (은) After selectively reducing and precipitating ions, the ions are purified to high purity silver by filtering, washing and drying. 상기 은괴에 질산을 첨가시의 조건은 은괴 10g을 기준으로 농도 12N인 질산 50㎖가 정비례관계로 투입하고,When the nitric acid was added to the silver ingot, 50 ml of nitric acid having a concentration of 12 N based on 10 g of silver ingot was added in a proportional relationship. 상기 암모니아수가 첨가된 질산은 용액과, 증류수에 희석된 포도당(C6H12O6)과의 혼합 비율은 은괴 10g에 대하여 질산 50㎖를 가하여 제조한 질산은에 포도당 40g을 정비례관계로 투입하고,The mixing ratio of the silver nitrate solution to which the ammonia water was added and glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) diluted in distilled water was added to the silver nitrate prepared by adding 50 ml of nitric acid to 10 g of silver ingot in a proportional relationship. 상기 증류수에 희석된 포도당 양은 농도가 100g/ℓ인 포도당 수용액 400㎖인 것을 특징으로 하는 고순도 은(銀)을 정제하는 방법.The amount of glucose diluted in distilled water is a method for purifying high purity silver (銀), characterized in that the concentration of 400ml aqueous glucose solution. 삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete
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