KR100393680B1 - Multilayer coated Nd-Fe-B magnet and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
Multilayer coated Nd-Fe-B magnet and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- KR100393680B1 KR100393680B1 KR10-1999-0061392A KR19990061392A KR100393680B1 KR 100393680 B1 KR100393680 B1 KR 100393680B1 KR 19990061392 A KR19990061392 A KR 19990061392A KR 100393680 B1 KR100393680 B1 KR 100393680B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
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- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
- H01F41/24—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates from liquids
- H01F41/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates from liquids using electric currents, e.g. electroplating
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Abstract
본 발명은 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 니켈과 동을 도금함으로써 균일 전착성과 밀착성 및 내식성을 향상시킨 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석 및 그 제조방법을 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer plated Nd-Fe-B magnet and a method of manufacturing the same, which improve the uniform electrodeposition, adhesion and corrosion resistance by plating nickel and copper on the Nd-Fe-B magnet.
위와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명에 따르면, Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 있어서, 상기 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에는 1 ∼ 5㎛두께로 니켈이 도금되어 있고, 니켈이 도금된 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에는 5 ∼ 10㎛두께로 동이 도금되어 있으며, 동이 도금된 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에는 10 ∼ 20㎛두께로 니켈이 도금되어 있다. 그리고, 위와 같은 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석은 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 1 ∼ 5㎛두께로 니켈로 전기도금하는 단계와, 니켈이 도금된 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 5 ∼ 10㎛두께로 동을 전기도금하는 단계 및, 동이 도금된 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 10 ∼ 20㎛두께로 니켈로 무전해 전기도금하는 단계를 통해 제조된다.According to the present invention for achieving the above object, in the Nd-Fe-B-based magnet, the Nd-Fe-B-based magnet is nickel plated with a thickness of 1 to 5㎛, nickel-plated Nd-Fe Copper is plated with a thickness of 5 to 10 μm on the -B magnet, and nickel is plated with a thickness of 10 to 20 μm on the copper-plated Nd-Fe-B magnet. In addition, the multi-layer plating Nd-Fe-B-based magnets as described above are electroplated with nickel to the Nd-Fe-B-based magnets with a thickness of 1 to 5 µm, and the nickel-plated Nd-Fe-B-based magnets 5 to 5. Electroplating the copper to a 10㎛ thickness, and electroless electroplating with nickel to the copper-plated Nd-Fe-B-based magnet to 10 ~ 20㎛ thickness.
Description
본 발명은 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 관한 것이며, 특히, Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 니켈과동을 도금함으로써 균일 전착성과 밀착성 및 내식성을 향상시킨 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 관한 것이다. 또한, 본 발명은 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 니켈과 동을 도금함으로써 균일 전착성과 밀착성 및 내식성을 향상시킨 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의 제조방법에 관한 것이기도 하다.The present invention relates to an Nd-Fe-B-based magnet, and more particularly, to a multi-layer plated Nd-Fe-B-based magnet in which uniform electrodeposition, adhesion and corrosion resistance are improved by plating nickel copper on the Nd-Fe-B-based magnet. will be. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a multi-layer plated Nd-Fe-B magnet, which has improved uniform electrodeposition, adhesion and corrosion resistance by plating nickel and copper on the Nd-Fe-B magnet.
일반적으로 금속표면에는 산화층이 자연적으로 생성되는 데, 이러한 산화층은 도금층과의 결합력이 좋지 않아 도금 후 도금층과의 밀착력을 저하시킨다. 그리고, 전기도금시에도 이런 산화층이 완전히 제거되지 않거나 용액내에서 재산화가 일어나는 등의 이유로 도금층과 소지금속과의 사이에는 산화층이 존재할 수 있어 밀착력을 떨어뜨리는 요인이 되고 있다.In general, an oxide layer is naturally formed on the metal surface, and the oxide layer has a poor bonding strength with the plating layer, thereby reducing adhesion to the plating layer after plating. In addition, even during electroplating, an oxide layer may exist between the plating layer and the base metal because such an oxide layer is not completely removed or reoxidation occurs in a solution, thereby degrading adhesion.
진공증착 방법으로 도금할 경우에는 진공 증착기 내에 Ar 등의 불활성 가스를 도입하고 고압을 걸어 스퍼터링하는 방법으로 표면 산화층을 제거하고 있다. 또한, 밀착력을 높이기 위하여서 증발 물질을 이온화시켜 증착하는 이온플레이팅 방법을 사용하기도 한다. 그러나, 이러한 방법은 기판에 고압을 걸기 위한 전원장치와 가스를 일정량 공급하여야 하는 장치들이 추가로 설치되어야 하며, 공정이 복잡하고 전체 코팅시간이 많이 걸리는 문제점이 있다.When plating by the vacuum deposition method, the surface oxide layer is removed by introducing an inert gas such as Ar into the vacuum evaporator and applying a high pressure to sputtering. In addition, in order to increase adhesion, an ion plating method of ionizing and depositing an evaporation material may be used. However, in this method, a power supply device for supplying a high pressure to the substrate and a device for supplying a certain amount of gas must be additionally installed, and there is a problem in that the process is complicated and the entire coating time is long.
특히, Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의 경우에는 Fe의 산화층이 도금시 밀착력을 저하시키는 주된 요인으로 생각된다. 한편, 철산화물과 밀착력이 우수하다고 생각되는 Ni 의 경우에는 도금두께가 두꺼워지면 피막의 응력이 증가하여 크랙이 발생하여 내식성을 저하시키는 문제점이 있다. 또한, 전기도금 Ni의 경우에 있어 시료가 복잡한 형상일 경우에는 구멍 안쪽 등 후미진 곳은 도금이 잘 안되는 등 균일 전착성에도 문제점이 발생한다.In particular, in the case of Nd-Fe-B-based magnets, the oxide layer of Fe is considered to be a major factor that lowers the adhesion at the time of plating. On the other hand, in the case of Ni, which is considered to have excellent adhesion to iron oxide, when the plating thickness is thick, there is a problem in that the stress of the coating increases, so that cracks occur and the corrosion resistance is lowered. In addition, in the case of electroplating Ni, when the sample has a complicated shape, problems arise in the uniform electrodeposition property such as poor plating on the trailing part such as the inside of the hole.
Nd-Fe-B 계 자석은 내식성이 떨어져 이의 향상을 위하여 표면을 수지로 코팅하거나 Cr을 습식도금하는 경우가 있다. 또한, 알루미늄을 진공증착하는 경우가 있으나 밀착성이 떨어지고, 이온 플레이팅 방법도 사용하고 있지만 이는 공정조건이 복잡하고 장치가격이 높아 많은 문제점이 있다.Nd-Fe-B-based magnets are poor in corrosion resistance and may be coated with a resin or wet plated with Cr for improvement. In addition, although aluminum may be vacuum-deposited, adhesion is poor, and ion plating is also used. However, this is a complicated process condition and a high price of the device.
또한, Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 동도금하는 경우도 있는 데, 이 경우에는 소결 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석과는 밀착력이 떨어지며 내식성도 좋지 않아 단독으로 도금하는 경우에는 많은 문제점이 있다.In addition, copper plating may be performed on Nd-Fe-B-based magnets. In this case, adhesion to the sintered Nd-Fe-B-based magnets is poor and corrosion resistance is not good.
위와 같은 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석은 1982년 일본의 스미토모 특수금속에서 개발하여 상업화한 자석으로 최대 자기에너지가 매우 큰 강력한 영구자석으로서, 기존의 SmCo자석에 비하여 저가이며, 자원제약도 적고, 대량생산에 적합한 분말야금 공정을 이용하여 제조할 수 있어 최근 수요가 급속히 확대되고 있어서, 위와 같은 문제점들을 극복할 수 있는 구체적인 대안이 절실히 필요한 설정이다.The Nd-Fe-B magnets, developed and commercialized by Sumitomo Special Metals in Japan in 1982, are strong permanent magnets with very high maximum magnetic energy. They are inexpensive, resource-restricted, and bulky. Since it can be manufactured using a powder metallurgy process suitable for production, the demand is rapidly expanding in recent years, a specific alternative that can overcome the above problems is urgently needed to set up.
따라서, 본 발명은 앞서 설명한 바와 같은 종래 기술의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로서, Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 니켈과 동을 다층 도금함으로써 균일 전착성과 밀착성 및 내식성을 향상시킨 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석 및 그 제조방법을 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다.Therefore, the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, multi-layer plating Nd-Fe-B improved the uniform electrodeposition, adhesion and corrosion resistance by multilayer plating nickel and copper on the Nd-Fe-B-based magnet An object of the present invention is to provide a system magnet and a method of manufacturing the same.
도 1은 본 발명의 한 실시예에 따른 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의 단면도이고,1 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-layer plating Nd-Fe-B-based magnet according to an embodiment of the present invention,
도 2는 도 1에 도시된 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의 제조방법을 설명하기 위한 블록도이며,FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a multilayer plated Nd-Fe-B magnet shown in FIG. 1.
도 3은 도 1에 도시된 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 제조하는 데 사용되는 전기도금장치의 개략도.3 is a schematic diagram of an electroplating apparatus used to manufacture the multilayer plated Nd-Fe-B based magnet shown in FIG.
♠ 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명 ♠♠ Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawing ♠
1 : 시료 2 : 바렐1: sample 2: barrel
3 : 전극 4 : 히터3: electrode 4: heater
5 : 온도계 6 : 모터5: thermometer 6: motor
7 : 전기 도금조 8 : 정류기7: electroplating tank 8: rectifier
위와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명에 따르면, Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 있어서, 상기 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에는 1 ∼ 5㎛두께로 니켈이 도금되어 있고, 니켈이 도금된 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에는 5 ∼ 10㎛두께로 동이 도금되어 있으며, 동이 도금된 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에는 10 ∼ 20㎛두께로 니켈이 도금된 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석이 제공된다.According to the present invention for achieving the above object, in the Nd-Fe-B-based magnet, the Nd-Fe-B-based magnet is nickel plated with a thickness of 1 to 5㎛, nickel-plated Nd-Fe Copper is plated with a thickness of 5 to 10 μm on the -B magnet, and a multi-layer plated Nd-Fe-B magnet with plated nickel on the copper plated Nd-Fe-B magnet is provided.
또한, 본 발명에 따르면, Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의 제조방법에 있어서, 상기 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 1 ∼ 5㎛두께로 니켈로 전기도금하는 단계와, 니켈이 도금된 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 5 ∼ 10㎛두께로 동을 전기도금하는 단계 및, 동이 도금된 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 10 ∼ 20㎛두께로 니켈로 무전해 전기도금하는 단계를 포함하는 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의 제조방법이 제공된다.In addition, according to the present invention, in the manufacturing method of the Nd-Fe-B-based magnet, the step of electroplating the Nd-Fe-B-based magnet with nickel at a thickness of 1 to 5㎛, and nickel-plated Nd-Fe Multi-plating Nd comprising electroplating copper to a 5-10 μm thickness of the B-based magnet and electroless electroplating of nickel with a copper-plated Nd-Fe-B magnet to a thickness of 10-20 μm A method for producing a Fe-B magnet is provided.
또한, 본 발명에 따르면, 동이 도금된 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 니켈로 무전해 전기도금시에 광택제를 부가적으로 첨가하여 도금하는 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의 제조방법이 제공된다.Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a multi-layer plated Nd-Fe-B magnet, in which a copper-plated Nd-Fe-B magnet is plated with nickel by additionally adding a polishing agent during electroless electroplating. .
또한, 본 발명에 따르면, 상기 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 니켈로 전기도금하기 전에 약한 염산용액 또는 황산용액에 침적하여 표면 산화층을 제거하고 활성화시킨 후 도금하는 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의 제조방법이 제공된다.In addition, according to the present invention, before the electroplating the Nd-Fe-B-based magnets with nickel, a multi-layer plating Nd-Fe-B-based magnets are plated in a weak hydrochloric acid solution or sulfuric acid solution to remove the surface oxide layer and activate and plate Provided is a method for preparing.
일반적으로 금속의 표면에는 약 5㎚정도의 산화층이 자연적으로 생성되는 데, 이러한 산화층은 도금층과의 결합력을 떨어뜨리는 요인이 된다.In general, an oxide layer of about 5 nm is naturally formed on the surface of the metal, and this oxide layer is a factor that degrades the bonding strength with the plating layer.
Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의 경우에도 주로 Fe에 의한 표면 산화층 때문에 밀착성을 떨어뜨리는 요인이 되고 있다. 그러나, Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의 경우에는 표면 산화층과 철 또는 니켈과는 밀착성이 우수하며, 니켈과 동과는 결합성이 우수하다. 이때, 니켈과 동의 결합성이 우수한 이유는 연속적인 도금 공정에 있어 계면에서의 산화의 우려없이 도금할 수 있기 때문이다.Even in the case of Nd-Fe-B-based magnets, the adhesion of the Nd-Fe-B magnets is mainly due to the surface oxide layer formed by Fe. However, in the case of Nd-Fe-B magnets, the adhesion between the surface oxide layer and iron or nickel is excellent, and the bonding properties between nickel and copper are excellent. At this time, the reason why the copper bond with nickel is excellent is that plating can be performed without fear of oxidation at the interface in the continuous plating process.
본 발명에서는 이상과 같이 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 니켈을 1 ∼ 5㎛정도의 두께로 니켈을 전기도금하는 데, 이 때 도금두께가 1㎛이하에서는 밀착력이 확보되지 못하고, 5㎛이상으로 니켈을 전기도금할 경우에는 도금층 자체의 응력(stress)이 증가하여 도금층에 균열이 생길 우려가 있기 때문이다.In the present invention, nickel is electroplated on the Nd-Fe-B magnet with a thickness of about 1 to 5 μm. At this time, when the plating thickness is 1 μm or less, the adhesion is not secured and the thickness is 5 μm or more. When nickel is electroplated, the stress of the plating layer itself increases, which may cause cracks in the plating layer.
위와 같이, 일차로 니켈을 전기도금한 후에는 즉시 동도금을 5 ∼ 10㎛의 두께로 도금하는 데, 이는 도금두께를 증가시켜 내식성을 향상시키고 니켈층의 응력을 제거하기 위해서다. 이 때, 동도금의 두께는 5㎛이상이 되어야 응력제거 효과가 우수하지만, 동도금 두께가 너무 커질 경우에는 도금시간이 증가하고 전체 도금 두께가 증가하는 문제가 발생함으로 10㎛이하로 함이 바람직하다.As described above, after first electroplating nickel, copper plating is immediately plated to a thickness of 5 to 10 μm, in order to increase the thickness of the plating to improve corrosion resistance and to remove stress of the nickel layer. At this time, the copper plating thickness is more than 5㎛ excellent stress relief effect, but if the copper plating thickness is too large, the plating time is increased and the overall plating thickness is increased, it is preferable to be less than 10㎛.
그리고, 마지막으로 니켈을 무전해 방법으로 도금을 하는 데, 이는 균일 전착성이 좋아져 시료가 복잡한 형태일지라도 균일한 도금층을 형성할 수 있기 때문이다. 이 때, 광택제를 첨가하게 되면 표면을 버프 연마할 필요없이 광택이 우수한 표면을 얻을 수 있다. 이 때, 도금 두께는 10㎛이상이 되어야 내식성을 확보할 수 있으나, 20㎛이상이 되면 피막의 응력이 증가하여 크랙이 생길 염려가 있으므로, 그 이하의 두께로 도금하는 것이 바람직하다.And, finally, nickel is plated by an electroless method, since the uniform electrodeposition property is improved, so that a uniform plating layer can be formed even if the sample is a complicated form. At this time, when a brightening agent is added, a surface having excellent gloss can be obtained without the need for buffing the surface. In this case, the plating thickness should be 10 μm or more to ensure corrosion resistance, but when the thickness is 20 μm or more, the stress of the film may increase, causing cracks.
아래에서는, 본 발명에 따른 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석 및 그 제조방법의 양호한 실시예를 첨부한 도면을 참조로 하여 상세히 설명하겠다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings a preferred embodiment of a multi-layer plated Nd-Fe-B-based magnet and a method for manufacturing the same according to the present invention will be described in detail.
도면에서, 도 1은 본 발명의 한 실시예에 따른 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의단면도이고, 도 2는 도 1에 도시된 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의 제조방법을 설명하기 위한 블록도이며, 도 3은 도 1에 도시된 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 제조하는 데 사용되는 전기도금장치의 개략도이다.1 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-layer plating Nd-Fe-B magnet according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is to explain the manufacturing method of the multi-layer plating Nd-Fe-B magnet shown in FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electroplating apparatus used to fabricate the multilayer plated Nd-Fe-B based magnet shown in FIG.
도 3에 보이듯이, 전기도금장치의 시료(1)는 전기도금 용액내에서 회전하는 바렐(2)의 내부에 장착되어 있으며, 시료(1)에는 전극(3)이 연결접촉되어 있다. 이 때, 전극(3)은 직류전원장치에 연결되어 있고, 음극에는 시료(1), 양극에는 도금하려는 물질이 각각 접촉되어 있다. 그리고, 전기도금 용액내에는 히터(4)와 온도계(5)가 장착되어 원하는 온도에서 도금할 수 있도록 되어 있다.As shown in Fig. 3, the sample 1 of the electroplating apparatus is mounted inside the barrel 2 which rotates in the electroplating solution, and the electrode 1 is in contact with the sample 1 in connection. At this time, the electrode 3 is connected to the DC power supply, the sample 1 to the negative electrode, the material to be plated to the positive electrode, respectively. In addition, the heater 4 and the thermometer 5 are mounted in the electroplating solution so as to be plated at a desired temperature.
전기도금장치에서 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 제조하기 위해서는, 먼저 대기중에서 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 통상의 탈지공정을 거쳐 전기도금장치내에 장입시킨다. 이 때, 시료(1)는 바렐(2)에 담아 전기도금 중에는 이를 회전시켜 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 도금층이 증착되도록 함이 바람직하다.In order to manufacture Nd-Fe-B magnets in the electroplating apparatus, first, the Nd-Fe-B magnets are charged into the electroplating apparatus through a normal degreasing process in the air. At this time, it is preferable that the sample 1 is contained in the barrel 2 and rotated during electroplating so that the plating layer is deposited on the Nd-Fe-B magnet.
도금전에 시료는 약한 염산용액이나 황산용액에 침적하여 표면 산화층을 제거하고 활성화를 시킨 후 도금하는 것이 밀착성 향상에 도움이 된다. 이렇게 전처리된 시료는 전기도금장치내에서 먼저 전기도금방식으로 니켈을 도금한다. 이 때, 니켈은 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석과 밀착성이 뛰어나지만 두께가 너무 증가하게 되면 도금층내의 응력으로 인하여 크랙이 생길 수가 있으므로 도금 두께를 1 ∼ 5㎛ 범위내에서 함이 바람직하다(S1).Before plating, the sample is immersed in a weak hydrochloric acid solution or sulfuric acid solution to remove the surface oxide layer and activate and then plate the sample to help improve adhesion. This pretreated sample is first plated with nickel in an electroplating apparatus. At this time, nickel is excellent in adhesion with the Nd-Fe-B magnet, but if the thickness is too large, cracks may occur due to stress in the plating layer, so the plating thickness is preferably within the range of 1 to 5 μm (S1). .
이렇게 니켈이 도금된 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석은 즉시 수세와 산처리를 거쳐 동도금을 행한다. 이런 동도금은 연하여(무르다) 하지도금으로 이용하면 균일 전착성이좋아지고 내식성에도 도움을 주므로 삽입층으로 매우 좋은 특성을 갖는다. 이 때, 동도금은 도금두께를 증가시켜 내식성을 향상시키고 니켈층의 응력을 제거할 수 있도록 5 ∼ 10㎛의 두께로 도금한다(S2).The nickel-plated Nd-Fe-B magnet is immediately plated with water and acid treated to copper plate. Such a copper plating is soft (soft), and when used as a base plating, it has a very good characteristic as an intercalation layer because it improves uniform electrodeposition and helps corrosion resistance. At this time, copper plating is plated to a thickness of 5 ~ 10㎛ to increase the plating thickness to improve the corrosion resistance and to remove the stress of the nickel layer (S2).
그런 다음, 최종적으로 동도금된 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 10 ∼ 20㎛의 두께로 니켈도금을 하여, 내식성이 우수하고 색상이 미려하며, 경도가 적당하도록 한다(S3). 이 때, 광택제를 사용하면 버프 연마를 하지 않고서도 광택이 우수한 최종 제품을 얻을 수 있다. 이런 과정을 통해 다층 도금이 완료된 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석은 수세와 건조를 거쳐 회수되는 데, 그러면, 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이 형성된다.Then, nickel-plated to a thickness of 10 to 20㎛ to the finally copper-plated Nd-Fe-B-based magnet, so as to have excellent corrosion resistance, beautiful color, moderate hardness (S3). In this case, the use of a brightener can provide a final product having excellent gloss without buffing. Through this process, the Nd-Fe-B magnet having the multilayer plating completed is recovered by washing with water and drying, and then, as shown in FIG. 1.
이상과 같은 방법을 사용하여 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 니켈을 도금하게 되면 니켈 도금층의 밀착력을 획기적으로 증가시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 균일 전착성과 내식성도 우수한 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석을 제조 할 수 있다.If nickel is plated on Nd-Fe-B magnets by using the method described above, the adhesion of the nickel plating layer can be significantly increased, and Nd-Fe-B magnets with excellent electrodeposition and corrosion resistance can be manufactured. have.
도 3에서 미설명부호 6은 모터, 7은 전기 도금조, 8은 정류기를 각각 나타낸다.In FIG. 3, reference numeral 6 denotes a motor, 7 denotes an electroplating bath, and 8 denotes a rectifier.
아래에서는, 앞서 설명한 바와 같은 제조방법에 의해 제조된 본 발명의 자석(본발명)과 종래기술의 자석(비교예)에 대한 실험결과를 표 1를 참조로 하여 설명하겠다.In the following, the experimental results of the magnet of the present invention (invention) and the prior art magnet (comparative example) manufactured by the manufacturing method as described above will be described with reference to Table 1.
표 1에 나타낸 바와 같이, 본 발명의 방법을 사용하여 상용의 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석에 니켈과 동 및 니켈에 대한 전기 도금을 행하였다. 전기도금은 바렐을 이용하였으며 그 결과 본 발명의 방법에서와 같이 니켈 도금층이 1 ∼ 5㎛, 동은 5 ∼ 10㎛, 광택 니켈 도금층은 10 ∼ 20㎛의 범위에서 가장 우수한 내식성과 밀착성 및균일 전착성을 나타내었다. 이 때, 밀착성은 테이프를 붙인후 떨어져 나오는 정도로 판단하였으며, 염수 분무실험은 온도 36℃, 94%의 습도에서 행하였으며 시편에 붉은색 녹이 발생하기 시작하는 시점을 기준으로 하였다.As shown in Table 1, nickel, copper and nickel were electroplated on a commercially available Nd-Fe-B based magnet using the method of the present invention. As the electroplating, the barrel was used. As a result, the nickel plating layer was 1 to 5 µm, the copper was 5 to 10 µm, and the bright nickel plating layer was 10 to 20 µm, which showed the best corrosion resistance and adhesion and uniform electrodeposition. Sex. At this time, the adhesiveness was judged to come off after attaching the tape, the salt spray experiment was carried out at a temperature of 36 ℃, 94% humidity and was based on the time when red rust began to occur in the specimen.
표 1에서 " O : 좋음, △ : 중간, x : 나쁨"을 각각 나타낸다.In Table 1, "O: good, Δ: medium, x: bad" are shown, respectively.
앞서 상세히 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명의 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석은 동과 니켈을 도금하기 전에 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석의 표면 산화층과 동 사이의 결합 매개층으로 니켈을 전기 도금함으로써 밀착성을 개선하고, 이후 동과 니켈을 도금함으로써 내식성과 균일 전착성을 증가시킬 수 있다.As described in detail above, the multilayer plated Nd-Fe-B-based magnet of the present invention has an adhesive property by electroplating nickel with a bonding medium layer between the surface oxide layer and copper of the Nd-Fe-B-based magnet before plating copper and nickel. It is possible to increase the corrosion resistance and the uniform electrodeposition by further improving and then plating copper and nickel.
이상에서 본 발명의 다층 도금 Nd-Fe-B 계 자석 및 그 제조방법에 대한 기술사상을 첨부도면과 함께 서술하였지만 이는 본 발명의 가장 양호한 실시예를 예시적으로 설명한 것이지 본 발명을 한정하는 것은 아니다.In the above description, the technical idea of the multi-layer plated Nd-Fe-B magnet and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention have been described together with the accompanying drawings, but the exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described by way of example and are not intended to limit the present invention. .
또한, 이 기술분야의 통상의 지식을 가진 자이면 누구나 본 발명의 기술사상의 범주를 이탈하지 않는 범위내에서 다양한 변형 및 모방이 가능함은 명백한 사실이다.In addition, it is obvious that any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and imitations without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.
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| JPH0613218A (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1994-01-21 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | Surface processing method of fe-b-r base sintered magnet |
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| JPH05205926A (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1993-08-13 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Rare earth element transition metal base permanent magnet enhanced in corrosion resistance and manufacturing method thereof |
| JPH0613218A (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1994-01-21 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | Surface processing method of fe-b-r base sintered magnet |
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