KR100367716B1 - Manufacture of water soluble low-molecular alginate by autoclaving pretreatment and hot water extraction - Google Patents

Manufacture of water soluble low-molecular alginate by autoclaving pretreatment and hot water extraction Download PDF

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KR100367716B1
KR100367716B1 KR10-2000-0016014A KR20000016014A KR100367716B1 KR 100367716 B1 KR100367716 B1 KR 100367716B1 KR 20000016014 A KR20000016014 A KR 20000016014A KR 100367716 B1 KR100367716 B1 KR 100367716B1
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alginic acid
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윤의구
조순영
주동식
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윤의구
조순영
주동식
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    • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0084—Guluromannuronans, e.g. alginic acid, i.e. D-mannuronic acid and D-guluronic acid units linked with alternating alpha- and beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds; Derivatives thereof, e.g. alginates

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Abstract

본 발명은 알긴산 제조 공정중에서 산, 알칼리 처리와같은 공정대신에 고온 가압 전처리와 열수추출 공정을 하여 공정을 획기적으로 단축 시키고, 알긴산의 점도를 낮추고, 분자량이 적은 알긴산을 제조하도록 한것이며, 냉수에 쉽게 용해되고 저점도의 특성이 있어, 다양한 가공식품의 첨가물뿐 아니라, 기능성 소재로 사용할수 있다.The present invention is to reduce the viscosity of alginic acid, to produce alginic acid having a low molecular weight by significantly reducing the viscosity of alginic acid by performing a high temperature pressurization pre-treatment and hot water extraction process in the alginic acid manufacturing process instead of the acid, alkali treatment. Easily soluble and low viscosity, it can be used as a functional material as well as additives for various processed foods.

Description

고온 가압 전처리와 열수 추출에의한 수용성 저분자 알긴산의 제조방법{Manufacture of water soluble low-molecular alginate by autoclaving pretreatment and hot water extraction}Manufacture of water soluble low-molecular alginate by autoclaving pretreatment and hot water extraction}

본 발명은 미역과 다시마로부터 고온, 가압 전처리와 열수 추출로 저점도 및 저분자량의 알긴산의 제조공정에 관한 것이다. 기존에 행해지고 있는 알긴산 제조 방법은 알칼리 용액중에서 가온하면서 알긴산을 추출하는 것으로 산처리의 유무라든지 알칼리 처리농도를 달리하거나 가열조건 및 시간을 달리하여 만든 물성이 일부 변화된 나트륨형 알긴산은 여러 연구자들에의해 소개된 것이 있다.The present invention relates to a process for producing low viscosity and low molecular weight alginic acid by high temperature, pressurized pretreatment and hot water extraction from seaweed and kelp. Conventional alginic acid production method is to extract alginic acid while warming in alkaline solution. Sodium alginic acid with some changes in physical properties made by varying the concentration of alkali treatment or different heating conditions and time by the researchers. There is an introduction.

일반적으로 알긴산의 제조 공정은 탄산나트륨 처리에의한 알칼리 추출공정으로 거의 일반화 되어있고, 알긴산 제조에 대한 새로운 기술이나 공정은 개발된 바가 없으며, 크게 진보나 변화된 바 없는 상태이다.In general, the alginic acid production process is almost generalized to the alkali extraction process by sodium carbonate treatment, and no new technology or process for alginic acid production has been developed, and there is no significant progress or change.

알긴산은 탄산나트륨 등이 함유된 알칼리성 용액에서 쉽게 용해되기 때문에 알칼리 조건하에서 추출되고 있다. 이러한 알칼리 조건에서 제조된 알긴산은 대개 나트륨형 알긴산으로 분자량은 수십만에서 수백만으로 매우크고, 강한점성을 가진다. 이러한 알긴산 나트륨은 상온에서 용해시키기에는 많은 시간이 소요되는등의 어려움이 있으며, 알칼리성 용액또는 고농도 염에서는 침전하는 특성이 있다. 또한 알긴산 농도가 높아질수록 강한 점성을 가지게 되며, 일정농도 이상에서는 액상식품 특유의 물성을 소실케하는 단점을 가지고 있으며, 2%이상을 용해시키기는 어려움이 있기 때문에 이용에 제한점을 가지고 있다. 아울러 알긴산 제조중에 산처리, 알칼리처리, 수세처리등의 과정을 거치면서 많은 폐수가 유발될 가능성이 크며, 공정 및 소요시간도 매우 길어지는 단점을 가지고 있다.Alginic acid is extracted under alkaline conditions because it is readily dissolved in an alkaline solution containing sodium carbonate or the like. Alginic acid prepared under these alkaline conditions is usually sodium alginic acid, which has a very high molecular weight ranging from hundreds of thousands to several million and has a strong viscosity. Such sodium alginate is difficult to take a long time to dissolve at room temperature, and has the property of precipitation in alkaline solution or high concentration salt. In addition, as the alginic acid concentration increases, it has a strong viscosity, at a certain concentration has a disadvantage of losing the properties of the liquid food, and has a limitation in use because it is difficult to dissolve more than 2%. In addition, alginic acid during the acid treatment, alkali treatment, water treatment process, such as a lot of waste water is likely to occur, and the process and the time required is very long.

따라서 본 발명에서는 알긴산 제조공정중의 산, 알칼리 처리와 같은 공정 대신에 고온·가압 전처리와 열수추출만을 행하여 공정을 단축시키는데 일차적인 목적이 있으며, 아울러 알긴산 점도를 낮추고, 분자량이 작은 가용성 알긴산을 제조하는데 목적이 있다.Therefore, the present invention has a primary purpose of shortening the process by performing only high temperature / pressurization pretreatment and hot water extraction instead of processes such as acid and alkali treatment in the alginic acid manufacturing process. The purpose is to.

도 1은 고온 가압 전처리에의한 알긴산 제조공정1 is a process for producing alginic acid by high temperature pressurized pretreatment

1) 알긴산 제조공정1) Alginic acid manufacturing process

고온, 가압 전처리를 이용한 알긴산의 추출은 건조 원조분말(수분함량12-14%)에 75배량(w/v)의 증류수를 가한 후 일정시간(30min) 방치후 110-120℃에서10-30분 전 처리한 후, 2배량의 증류수를 가한다음, 95℃ 항온수조에서 60분간 교반 추출을 행한다. 추출된 반응액을 여과(celite 545)나 원심분리(5000rpm, 10min)하여 얻어진 추출액에 메탄올을 첨가하여 알긴산을 침전시켜 회수하고 수세후 건조하여 최종 알긴산 제품으로 한다. 제조 공정은 그림 1과 같다.Extraction of alginic acid using high temperature and pressurized pretreatment was performed after adding 75 times (w / v) of distilled water to dry aid powder (water content 12-14%) and then leaving it for a certain time (30 min) and then 10-30 min at 110-120 ° C. After pretreatment, twice the amount of distilled water was added, followed by stirring extraction for 60 minutes in a 95 ° C. constant temperature water bath. The extracted reaction solution was added to methanol extract by filtration (celite 545) or centrifugation (5000rpm, 10min) to precipitate alginic acid to recover, washed with water and dried to obtain the final alginic acid product. The manufacturing process is shown in Figure 1.

2)고온, 고압 전처리 조건에 따른 알긴산 추출2) Alginic acid extraction according to high temperature and high pressure pretreatment conditions

고온, 가압 전처리에의한 알긴산 추출과정을 간단히 살펴보면, 분말원조 2g에 150ml의 증류수를 가하여 분말해조가 충분히 수분을 흡수할 수 있도록 상온에서 30분간 방치 하였다. 그리고, 고온·가압은 멸균용 autoclave를 이용하였는데, autoclave의 온도를 110℃, 120℃로 달리 하면서 10-30분간 가열처리를 행한후, 이 시료에 150ml의 증류수를 첨가하고 추출온도 조건을 달리 하면서 교반 추출을 행하였다. 추출액을 원심분리(5000rpm, 10min)한 다음 상층액에대해 동일량의 메틸 알콜을 첨가하여 알긴산을 침전 시키고 침전물을 열풍 건조기(40℃)에서 건조한후 분쇄하여 분말 알긴산으로 하였다.Looking at the alginic acid extraction process by high temperature, pressurized pretreatment, 150ml of distilled water was added to 2g of powder aid, and the powdered algae was allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 minutes to absorb water. In addition, high temperature and pressure were used for the autoclave for sterilization, heat treatment was performed for 10-30 minutes while varying the temperature of the autoclave 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 150ml of distilled water was added to the sample and the extraction temperature conditions were changed Stirring extraction was performed. The extract was centrifuged (5000 rpm, 10 min), and then the same amount of methyl alcohol was added to the supernatant to precipitate alginic acid, and the precipitate was dried in a hot air dryer (40 ° C.) and pulverized to obtain powder alginic acid.

고온·가압 전처리 조건에 따른 수율, 용해도 및 점도 특성을 표1에 나타내고 있으며, 고온·가압 전처리 온도가 높을수록 수율은 증가하였으며, 처리온도와 시간에 따라 1.5-4.4%정도의 수율 차이를 나타내었고, 시료에 따른 차이는 다른 물리적 방법과 마찬가지로 5-7% 정도였다. 한편, 용해도는 처리온도, 시간 및 시료에 따른 차이가 거의 없었고, 98-99.5% 정도의 용해도를 나타내어, 마이크로파나 초음파 전처리 알긴산에비해 용해도는 훨씬 높음을 알 수 있었다. 점도도 용해도와 유사한 경향을 보여주고 있으나, 처리 시간에 따른 차이는 어느정도 있음이 확인 되었다.The yield, solubility, and viscosity characteristics according to the high temperature and pressure pretreatment conditions are shown in Table 1.The higher the high temperature and pressure pretreatment temperature, the higher the yield and 1.5-4.4% yield difference depending on the treatment temperature and time. The difference between samples was about 5-7%, similar to other physical methods. On the other hand, the solubility was little difference according to the treatment temperature, time and sample, showing a solubility of about 98-99.5%, so that the solubility was much higher than the microwave or ultrasonic pretreatment alginic acid. Viscosity showed a similar tendency to solubility, but it was confirmed that there was some difference according to treatment time.

시료sample 고온·가압 처리조건10분 30분A B A BHigh temperature and pressure treatment conditions 10 minutes 30 minutes A B A B 수율(%)미역 용해도(%)점도(cP)Yield (%) Seaweed Solubility (%) Viscosity (cP) 15.1 19.598.1 98.59.1 8.015.1 19.598.1 98.59.1 8.0 17.5 19.099.0 99.44.5 3.917.5 19.099.0 99.44.5 3.9 수율(%)다시마 용해도(%)점도(cP)Yield (%) Dashima Solubility (%) Viscosity (cP) 9.5 11.299.0 98.510.5 9.79.5 11.299.0 98.510.5 9.7 10.5 12.599.0 99.25.2 2.810.5 12.599.0 99.25.2 2.8

알긴산 추출조건: 95℃-열수, 30분Alginic acid extraction conditions: 95 ℃-hot water, 30 minutes

고온 가압 처리온도: A-110℃ B-120℃High temperature pressurized processing temperature: A-110 ℃ B-120 ℃

한편, 수율의 측면에서는 120℃ 10분 전처리 만으로도 알긴산 추출에 충분히 효율적일 수 있다는 것을 확인하였으며, 가열 시간이 오래 지속될수록 점도는 감소하여 분자량에도 어느정도 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다. 전체적인 수율은 기존의 탄산나트륨 추출법과 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 미역을 원료로할 경우 고온·가압 전처리 조건은 120℃, 10분, 다시마를 원료로 할 경우는 120℃, 30분이 적절한 조건으로 결정되었다.On the other hand, in terms of yield, it was confirmed that only 10 minutes pretreatment at 120 ° C. could be sufficiently efficient for extraction of alginic acid. The overall yield was not different from the conventional sodium carbonate extraction method. From the above results, it was determined that high temperature and pressure pretreatment conditions were 120 ° C for 10 minutes when seaweed was used as a raw material, and 120 ° C and 30 minutes when kelp was used as a raw material.

3) 알긴산의 추출조건3) Extraction Condition of Alginic Acid

고온·가압 전처리한 시료를 적절한 추출조건에서 처리하여 알긴산을 추출하게 되는데, 추출조건에 따른 알긴산 수율, 용해도 및 점도 특성을 확인한 결과는 표 2와 같다.Alginic acid is extracted by treating the sample subjected to high temperature and pressure pretreatment under appropriate extraction conditions. The results of confirming the alginate yield, solubility and viscosity characteristics according to the extraction conditions are shown in Table 2.

고온·가압 전처리후 추출조건에 따른 알긴산 수율, 용해도 및 점도Alginate Yield, Solubility and Viscosity According to Extraction Conditions after High Temperature and Pressure Pretreatment 시 료sample 추출조건60℃ 80℃ 95℃A B A B A BExtraction Condition 60 ℃ 80 ℃ 95 ℃ A B A B A B 수율(%)미역 용해도(%)점도(cP)Yield (%) Seaweed Solubility (%) Viscosity (cP) 11.0 13.093.1 98.014.9 14.211.0 13.093.1 98.014.9 14.2 13.2 13.492.6 98.011.4 11.913.2 13.492.6 98.011.4 11.9 16.8 19.599.0 98.510.7 8.016.8 19.599.0 98.510.7 8.0 수율(%)다시마 용해도(%)점도(cP)Yield (%) Dashima Solubility (%) Viscosity (cP) 9.4 9.197.0 98.09.5 9.79.4 9.197.0 98.09.5 9.7 9.2 10.891.9 97.99.9 10.49.2 10.891.9 97.99.9 10.4 12.3 12.996.6 99.04.5 2.812.3 12.996.6 99.04.5 2.8

추출시간(min): A-30, B-60Extraction time (min): A-30, B-60

열수 추출온도는 알긴산의 추출 수율에 미치는 영향이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났는데, 특히 다시마보다 미역에서 크다는 것을 알 수 있으며, 추출시간을 길게 할 수록 추출수율이 증대함을 알 수 있다. 다시마의 경우도 추출온도가 알긴산 추출수율에 영향을 주는것으로 확인되었으며 추출시간이 경과함에 따라 수율이 증대되고 있으나 미역에비해 그 폭은 작았다. 한편, 미역이나 다시마 모두 추출하는 온도에 따른 용해도의 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 추출온도가 낮아질경우 추출 수율은 급격히 저하되는것으로 확인되었고, 95℃ 추출조건이 수율에 적절한 조건이었다. 용해도 및 점도에 대해서도 추출조건이 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 시료에 따른 차이는 추출조건에 관계없이 확연하게 있는것으로 나타났지만, 다시마의 경우, 추출조건에 따른 그 정도의 차이는 미역에 비해 미미하였다. 이상에서 알긴산 추출 조건은 고온·가압 전처리 후 시료에 관계없이 95℃, 60분 열수 추출 조건으로 행하는 것이 가장 좋은 조건으로 결정되었다.The hot water extraction temperature was found to have a very large effect on the extraction yield of alginic acid, especially in seaweed than kelp, and the extraction yield increases as the extraction time increases. In the case of kelp, the extraction temperature was found to affect the extraction yield of alginic acid. The yield increased with the extraction time, but the width was smaller than that of seaweed. On the other hand, it was confirmed that there is little difference in solubility according to the temperature of the extraction of both seaweed and kelp. When the extraction temperature was lowered, it was confirmed that the extraction yield was sharply lowered, and 95 ° C. extraction conditions were suitable for the yield. The solubility and viscosity were confirmed to affect the extraction conditions. The difference according to the sample appeared to be obvious regardless of the extraction conditions, but in the case of kelp, the difference according to the extraction conditions was small compared to the seaweed. As mentioned above, alginic acid extraction conditions were determined to be the best conditions to be performed at 95 ° C for 60 minutes in hot water extraction conditions regardless of the sample after the high temperature and pressure pretreatment.

3)추출된 알긴산의 분자량3) Molecular weight of extracted alginic acid

본 발명에서 결정한 고온·가압 전처리 및 열수 추출방법, 기존의 탄산나트륨 추출방법과 시판제품 분자량을 측정한 결과는 표 3과 같다.High temperature, pressure pretreatment and hot water extraction method determined in the present invention, the conventional sodium carbonate extraction method and the results of measuring the molecular weight of commercial products are shown in Table 3.

시판되고 있는 알긴산의 경우, 제품종류에 따라 차이는 있지만 대개 분자량이 100만 이상인 것으로 알려져있고, 본 연구에서도 기존의 탄산나트륨을 이용한 추출법으로 제조된 알긴산은 80만이 넘는 것으로 측정되었다. 본 발명의 고온·가압 전처리 및 열수추출한 알긴산의 경우는 분자량이 이들 물리적 처리 조건의 경우보다도 훨씬 작은 40,000-110,000 정도 였다.Commercially available alginic acid is known to have a molecular weight of more than 1 million, although there are differences depending on the type of product, and in this study, alginic acid produced by the extraction method using sodium carbonate was measured to be over 800,000. In the case of the high temperature, pressure pretreatment and hot water extracted alginic acid of the present invention, the molecular weight was about 40,000-110,000 which is much smaller than those of the physical treatment conditions.

추출방법에 따라 제조된 알긴산의 분자량 비교Comparison of Molecular Weight of Alginic Acid Prepared by Extraction Method 시 료sample 분자량(×1000)Molecular Weight (× 1000) 미역으로부터 탄산나트륨 처리로 제조된 알긴산다시마로부터 탄산나트륨 처리로 제조된 알긴산미역으로부터 autoclave 전처리로 제조된 알긴산다시마로부터 autoclave 전처리로 제조된 알긴산시판제품 알긴산Alginate produced by autoclave pretreatment from alginic acid daishima prepared by autoclave pretreatment from alginic acid seaweed prepared by sodium carbonate treatment from sodium alginate prepared by sodium carbonate treatment from seaweed 800800100-11040-551,000800 800 100-11040-551,000

이러한 분자량과 앞에서 고찰한 용해도와 점도를 기존의 밥법으로 제조한 알긴산과 비교해보면, 분자량의 크기와 점도가 직접적인 상관이 있음을 알 수 있는데, 특이한점은 다른 물리적 추출방법의 경우, 다시마 원료 알긴산이 분자량이 대개 2배정도 큰 반면에 고온가압 처리의 경우는 미역원료의 알긴산이 오히려 2배 가량 분자량이 컸다는 점에서 차이를 나타낸 것이었다.Comparing the molecular weight and the solubility and viscosity discussed above with alginic acid prepared by the conventional rice method, it can be seen that the magnitude and viscosity of the molecular weight have a direct correlation. While the molecular weight was about twice as large, the high-temperature pressure treatment showed a difference in that the alginic acid of wakame raw material was twice as large in molecular weight.

본 발명은 공정이 매우 간단하게 알긴산을 제조할 수 있고, 저분자이면서 용해성이 높고 저점도인 알긴산을 제조할 수 있고, 나트륨(sodium)성분이 들어있지 않다. 따라서 본 발명에서 제조된 알긴산은 기존의 알긴산과는 물리적 특성이 전혀 다르며, 나트륨염이 붙어있지않은 화학적 특성도 뚜렷하게 구별되는 알긴산이다. 향후 기능성 소재로서의 용도 개발이 기대되며, 용도의 측면에서 기존의 알긴산이 갖는 범위를 훨씬 확대할 수 있는 효과가 있다.The present invention can produce alginic acid in a very simple process, and can produce alginic acid having low molecular weight, high solubility and low viscosity, and do not contain sodium. Therefore, the alginic acid prepared in the present invention is an alginic acid, which is completely different from the conventional alginic acid, and also has a distinct chemical property without the sodium salt attached thereto. It is expected to develop a use as a functional material in the future, and in terms of use, there is an effect that can extend the range of the existing alginic acid even more.

Claims (6)

분말상태의 갈조류를 증류수에 현탁하여 상온에 방치하는 단계,Suspending powdered brown algae in distilled water and leaving it at room temperature, 소정의 온도에서 일정시간동안 오토클레이브(autoclave)에서 전처리하는 단계와,Pretreatment in an autoclave for a period of time at a predetermined temperature; 증류수를 첨가하여 소정온도에서 열수추출하는 단계와,Adding hot water at a predetermined temperature by adding distilled water; 여과또는 원심분리후 추출액에 용매를 첨가시켜 알긴산을 회수하는 단계와,Recovering alginic acid by adding a solvent to the extract after filtration or centrifugation; 수세후 일정온도에서 건조하는 단계로 구성된것을 특징으로하는 고온가압전처리와 열수추출에의한 수용성 저분자 알긴산의 제조방법.Method for producing a water-soluble low molecular alginic acid by hot pressing pre-treatment and hot water extraction, characterized in that the step of drying at a constant temperature after washing. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 분말상태의 갈조류는 미역과 다시마로써, 첨가되는 증류수의 양은 75배량이며, 30분간 상온에 방치하는것을 특징으로하는 고온가압전처리와 열수추출에의한 수용성 저분자 알긴산의 제조방법.The powdered brown algae are seaweed and kelp, and the amount of distilled water added is 75 times and left at room temperature for 30 minutes. The method for producing water-soluble low molecular alginate by hot water extraction. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 오토클레이브(autoclave)로 전처리 하는 단계는 110-120℃의 온도로써 10-30분간 전처리하는 것을 특징으로하는 고온가압전처리와 열수추출에의한 수용성 저분자 알긴산의 제조방법.Pre-treatment with an autoclave is a method for producing a water-soluble low molecular alginic acid by hot pressurization and hot water extraction, characterized in that pre-treatment for 10-30 minutes at a temperature of 110-120 ℃. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 열수추출은 2배량의 증류수를 첨가하여 95℃의 온도에서 60분동안 추출하는것을 특징으로하는 고온가압전처리와 열수추출에의한 수용성 저분자 알긴산의 제조방법.Hot water extraction is a method for producing a water-soluble low molecular alginic acid by hot pressurization and hot water extraction, characterized in that the extraction for 60 minutes at a temperature of 95 ℃ by adding twice the amount of distilled water. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 여과또는 원심분리의 단계는, 여과(celite 545)또는 5000rpm에서 10분간 원심분리 하며, 첨가되는 용매는 메탄올인것을 특징으로하는 고온가압전처리와 열수추출에의한 수용성 저분자 알긴산의 제조방법.Filtration or centrifugation step, centrifugation for 10 minutes at filtration (celite 545) or 5000rpm, the solvent is added, hot water pressure pre-treatment and hot water extraction method of producing a water-soluble low molecular alginic acid. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 수세후 40℃로 건조하여 알긴산을 제조하는것을 특징으로하는 고온가압전처리와 열수추출에의한 수용성 저분자 알긴산의 제조방법.A method for producing a water-soluble low molecular alginic acid by hot pressing and hot water extraction, characterized in that to produce an alginic acid by drying at 40 ℃ after washing with water.
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