KR100313457B1 - A manufacturing Method of barnyard manure using sawdust - Google Patents
A manufacturing Method of barnyard manure using sawdust Download PDFInfo
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- KR100313457B1 KR100313457B1 KR1019990021630A KR19990021630A KR100313457B1 KR 100313457 B1 KR100313457 B1 KR 100313457B1 KR 1019990021630 A KR1019990021630 A KR 1019990021630A KR 19990021630 A KR19990021630 A KR 19990021630A KR 100313457 B1 KR100313457 B1 KR 100313457B1
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Abstract
본 발명은 탄질률이 높아 퇴비의 원재료로 사용하기 곤란한 톱밥을 액체 또는 개스상태의 암모니아로 처리하여 탄질률을 현저히 낮추어 퇴비를 제조할 수 있도록 하므로써 톱밥을 퇴비의 원재료로 사용할 수 있도록 하였고, 이로인해 종래 소량 사용되던 톱밥을 다량 소비할 수 있도록 하므로써 결과적으로 목재를 보호할 수 있도록 하였고, 이로인해 자연보호 및 원목의 수입을 줄여 국가 경제에도 도움이 될 수 있도록 한 것이다.The present invention is to treat the sawdust, which is difficult to use as a raw material for compost due to the high carbon quality, by using ammonia in a liquid or gas state to significantly reduce the carbon quality, so that the sawdust can be used as a raw material for composting, As a result, the sawdust, which was used in small quantities, can be consumed in a large amount, thereby protecting the timber, thereby contributing to the national economy by protecting nature and reducing the import of timber.
Description
본 발명은 톱밥을 이용한 퇴비제조방법에 관한 것으로, 특히 C/N비(탄소질소비율, 탄질률)를 낮춘 톱밥을 원재료로 하는 퇴비의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for producing compost using sawdust, and more particularly to a method for producing compost using sawdust having a lower C / N ratio (carbon nitrogen content, carbon quality) as a raw material.
우리 나라에서 연간 소비되는 목재는 연간 약 2천만m3로서 국민 1인당 약 0.5m3를 소비하고 있으며, 게다가 소비량의 약 2/3는 해외로 부터의 수입에 의존하고 있다.The annual timber consumption in our country is and the per capita consumption of about 0.5m 3 as 20 million m 3 per year, in addition, approximately two-thirds of the consumption depends on imports from abroad.
상기와 같은 목재를 가공하는 공정에서 다량의 폐목재가 발생하며, 그 주된 것으로는 기계톱에 의해 발생하는 톱밥으로 이들 톱밥은 과거에는 대부분 소각처리하였지만 지금은 다양한 방법으로 재활용하므로써 자연보호 및 자국의 경제적 이득을 도모하려는 노력을 계속하고 있으며, 특히 톱밥은 축산농가의 바닥깔개용으로 사용되어 우분, 돈분, 계분등의 생분(生糞)을 퇴비화하는데 사용되기도 하나, 이는 축분(畜糞)의 퇴비화효과를 높이기 위해 수분을 조절하는 용도나 통기성을 좋게 하기 위한 퇴비촉진제로만 소량 사용되는 것일 뿐, 퇴비의 직접적인 원재료로 사용되는 것은 아니다.In the process of processing wood, a large amount of waste wood is generated, and the main one is sawdust generated by a machine saw. These sawdusts have been incinerated in the past, but now they are recycled in various ways to protect nature and improve the economic Efforts are being made to promote profits. In particular, sawdust is used as a bottom covering for livestock farmers, and is also used to compost raw meal such as milk powder, pig meal, and poultry meal. It is only used in small amounts as a compost accelerator for controlling moisture to improve moisture or for improving breathability, and is not used as a direct raw material for composting.
즉 톱밥을 퇴비화하기 위한 촉진제로 사용하는 방법등은 Biosource Technology(55, 201-206, 1996, 또는 68, 43-49, 1998)등을 통해 널리 알려져 있고, 보편화되어 있으나, 이처럼 톱밥을 유기질퇴비의 촉진제로만 사용하는 것은 소량의 톱밥만을 필요로 하는 것으로, 이는 다량 폐기 처분되고있는 톱밥의 재활용측면에서는 매우 낭비적인 요소에 불과한 것이다.That is, the method of using sawdust as an accelerator for composting is widely known through Biosource Technology (55, 201-206, 1996, or 68, 43-49, 1998), and is widely used. The use only as a promoter requires only a small amount of sawdust, which is a very wasteful factor in terms of recycling sawdust which is being disposed of in large quantities.
그러므로 보다 많은 톱밥을 소비할 수 있도록 하므로써 목재의 소요량을 줄이고, 톱밥의 고부가가치적인 재활용을 위해서는 톱밥을 퇴비의 부재료가 아닌 원재료로 사용하기 위한 기술이 절실하게 요구된다고 할 것이나, 지금까지는 톱밥의 높은 C/N비(약 80-300정도, 목재의 종류에 따라서는 1000 이상) 때문에 톱밥을 퇴비의 원재료로 할 경우 미생물의 성장이 곤란해 쉽게 퇴비화할 수 없는 단점을 해결할 수 있는 방안을 찾지 못하고 있는 실정이다.Therefore, the technology to use sawdust as a raw material rather than a compost material is desperately needed to reduce the amount of wood required by making more sawdust to be consumed, and to increase the value-added recycling of sawdust. Due to the C / N ratio (about 80-300, more than 1000 depending on the type of wood), the use of sawdust as the raw material for composting prevents the growth of microorganisms and makes it difficult to solve the disadvantages that cannot be composted easily. It is true.
따라서 본 발명은 톱밥을 퇴비화하는데 있어서 톱밥의 퇴비화는 온도, 수분함유율, pH, C/N비(탄질률)등의 영향을 받으며, 특히 C/N비(탄질률)에 의해 퇴비화의 정도 및 속도가 크게 좌우되므로 탄질률이 높은 톱밥을 액체 또는 개스상태의 암모니아로 처리하여 탄질률을 현저히 낮추어 퇴비의 원재료로 사용할 수 있도록 하였다.Therefore, in the present invention, the composting of sawdust in composting of sawdust is affected by temperature, moisture content, pH, C / N ratio (carbon quality), and the degree and speed of composting by C / N ratio (carbon quality). Since the high carbon quality sawdust was treated with ammonia in liquid or gas state, the carbon quality was significantly lowered so that it could be used as a compost raw material.
본 발명의 또다른 목적은 상기와같은 톱밥을 원재료로 하는 퇴비에 패각을 첨가하고, 토양미생물을 접종하여 톱밥의 퇴비화를 효과적으로 촉진시키고 양질의퇴비를 생산할 수 있도록 하기 위한 것이다.Another object of the present invention is to add a shell to the compost as a raw material of the sawdust as described above, and to inoculate soil microorganisms to effectively promote the composting of sawdust and to produce a high quality compost.
본 발명의 방법을 구체적으로 설명하면 다음과 같다.The method of the present invention will be described in detail as follows.
톱밥을 수거하는 단계와, 상기 톱밥을 60-80℃의 온도를 유지하는 반응기에 투입하여 암모니아개스(GAS) 또는 암모니아수(水)를 공급하는 단계와, 상기 톱밥에 물을 분사시켜 수분 함유율을 50-70%으로 조절하는 단계와, 상기 반응기를 밀봉하여 0.5-3개월 동안 방치하는 단계에 의해 C/N비를 현저히 낮춘 톱밥을 회수하고, 상기 톱밥에 미생물을 첨가하여 1-4개월정도 부숙시키는 단계에 의해 퇴비를 제조할 수 있도록 하였다.Collecting sawdust, feeding the sawdust to a reactor maintaining a temperature of 60-80 ° C., supplying ammonia gas (GAS) or ammonia water (water), and spraying water on the sawdust to obtain a water content of 50 Adjusting to -70%, and sealing the reactor to stand for 0.5-3 months to recover the sawdust that significantly lowered the C / N ratio, and add the microorganisms to the sawdust for 1-4 months The compost was made possible by the steps.
본 발명에 있어서 톱밥의 C/N비는 퇴비화에 큰 영향을 미치므로 미생물의 성장을 촉진할 수 있는 가장 바람직한 C/N비, 약 30정도의 C/N비를 얻기위해서는 여러가지 조건을 만족하여야 하며, 특히 반응기 내의 온도 및 가열시간, 암모니아개스 또는 암모니아수의 공급량, 물의 공급량, 암모니아 처리후 반응기 내에선의 톱밥방치기간등이 조절이 매우 중요하였다.In the present invention, the C / N ratio of the sawdust has a great effect on the composting, so in order to obtain the most desirable C / N ratio, about 30 C / N ratio, which can promote the growth of microorganisms, various conditions must be satisfied. In particular, the temperature and heating time in the reactor, the amount of ammonia gas or ammonia water supplied, the amount of water supplied, and the sawdust leaving period in the reactor after ammonia treatment were very important.
따라서 여러번의 실험결과 반응기 내의 온도는 60-80℃가 적당하였으며, 이는 60℃이하의 온도에서는 암모니아와 톱밥의 효과적인 흡착반응이 곤란하고, 80℃이상의 온도에서는 반응기의 온도를 유지하기 위한 연료소비량이 많아 경제성이 떨어지는 단점을 갖기 때문이다.As a result of several experiments, the temperature in the reactor was 60-80 ℃, which is difficult for effective adsorption reaction of ammonia and sawdust at the temperature below 60 ℃, and the fuel consumption to maintain the reactor temperature at the temperature above 80 ℃. This is because it has many disadvantages.
또한 반응기 내에서의 암모니아개스의 공급시간은 2-4시간이 적당하였으며, 이는 2시간 미만의 경우는 암모니아개스의 흡착율이 너무 낮고, 4시간 이상의 경우는 흡착율이 포화상태가 되어 무의미한 결과가 발생하기 때문이다.In addition, the supply time of the ammonia gas in the reactor was suitable for 2-4 hours. If the adsorption rate of the ammonia gas is too low for less than 2 hours, the adsorption rate becomes saturated for more than 4 hours, resulting in meaningless results. Because.
또 미생물의 발육을 촉진하기 위해 톱밥에 공급하는 물의 양은 톱밥의 수분함유율이 미생물의 발육에 가장 적당한 50-70%의 수분함유율을 유지할 수 있도록 하였으며, 상기 톱밥을 암모니아 처리후에는 반응기 내에 0.5-3개월 동안 방치하여 톱밥이 분해되도록 하였다.The amount of water supplied to sawdust to promote the growth of microorganisms was such that the moisture content of sawdust could maintain the water content of 50-70%, which is most suitable for the growth of microorganisms. It was left for months to allow sawdust to break down.
이처럼 반응기내에서 톱밥에 공급되는 암모니아개스 또는 암모니아수(NH3)는 암모니아의 질소가 톱밥에 흡수되어 톱밥내의 질소성분이 높아지므로 C/N비는 낮아지게 되고, 탄소(C) 와 질소(N)을 영양분으로 사용하는 미생물들은 성장을 촉진할 수 있게 되는 것이다.다음 상기와 같은 단계에 의해 얻어진 톱밥에 다음 표 1에 도시한 바와같은 토양미생물을 투입하여 퇴비화 시켰다.As described above, the ammonia gas or ammonia water (NH 3 ) supplied to the sawdust in the reactor is absorbed by the nitrogen of the ammonia, so the nitrogen content in the sawdust is high, the C / N ratio is lowered, and the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) Microorganisms used as nutrients will be able to promote growth. Soil microorganisms as shown in Table 1 were composted to sawdust obtained by the above steps.
표 1. 토양미생물 배양액Table 1. Soil Microbial Cultures
이처럼 본 발명에 의해 C/N비가 현저히 낮아진 톱밥은 쉬 분해되어 미생물의 발육이 촉진되면서 부숙기간(1-4개월)이 단축되어 퇴비화 되었으며, 또한 패각(貝殼)분말을 첨가한 톱밥은 퇴비화의 진행이 더욱 빨라지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.As such, the sawdust having a significantly lower C / N ratio was composted to shorten the maturity period (1-4 months) as the microorganism was promoted to facilitate the growth of the sawdust. This was confirmed to be faster.
이는 탄산칼슘이 미생물의 성장에 필요한 무기성분(영양분)이 되어 미생물의 성장을 촉진하는 것으로 판단된다.It is believed that calcium carbonate becomes an inorganic component (nutrient) necessary for the growth of microorganisms and promotes the growth of microorganisms.
또한 본 발명에 의해 C/N비가 낮아진 톱밥과 종래 톱밥의 퇴비화정도를 알아보기 위하여 톱밥자체의 색인 나무색을 퇴비화가 전혀 진행되지 않은 상태, 즉 0%로 하고, 진갈색을 완전히 퇴비화가 진행된 상태, 즉 100%로 할 때 동일한 시간동안 종래의 톱밥은 약 25%정도 퇴비화가 진행된 색상인 밤색에서 더 이상 진전되지않고 오히려 부패되는 반면, 본발명에 의해 처리된 톱밥은 거의 갈색(75%정도의 퇴비화)과 진갈색으로 색상이 모두 변색되었으며, 또 완전히 발효되어 냄새가 전혀 나지않아 퇴비화가 완벽하게 진행되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.In addition, in order to determine the composting degree of sawdust and the conventional sawdust, the C / N ratio is lowered by the present invention, the color of the index wood of the sawdust itself is not composted at all, that is, 0%, and dark brown is completely composted. At 100%, the same sawdust during the same period of time is about 25% composted color, which is no longer advanced in brown, but rather decayed, whereas sawdust treated by the present invention is almost brown (75% composted). All of the color changed to brown and dark brown, and it was completely fermented and did not smell at all.
이하 실시예에 의해 상세히 설명하기로 한다.It will be described in detail by the following examples.
실시예 1Example 1
2㎏의 톱밥을 수거하여 70℃의 온도를 유지하는 반응기에 투입하고 1L/min 유량의 암모니아개스를 3시간동안 공급하면서 물을 분사시켜 톱밥의 수분 함유율을 60%가 되도록 조절한 다음, 상기 반응기를 밀봉하여 2개월 후 C/N비를 30정도로 낮춘 톱밥을 회수하였다.2 kg of sawdust was collected and put into a reactor maintaining a temperature of 70 ° C., and water was sprayed while supplying ammonia gas at a flow rate of 1 L / min for 3 hours to adjust the moisture content of the sawdust to 60%. After 2 months to recover the sawdust lowered to 30 C / N ratio.
실시예 2Example 2
2kg의 톱밥을 수거하여 70℃의 온도를 유지하는 반응기에 투입하고 암모니아수를 1.5kg를 공급하면서 물을 분사시켜 톱밥의 수분 함유율을 60%가 되도록 조절한 다음, 상기 반응기를 밀봉하여 2개월 동안 방치후 C/N비를 30정도로 낮춘 톱밥을 회수하였다.2 kg of sawdust is collected and put into a reactor maintaining a temperature of 70 ° C, water is sprayed while supplying 1.5 kg of ammonia water to adjust the moisture content of sawdust to 60%, and then the reactor is sealed and left for 2 months. Sawdust was recovered after lowering the C / N ratio to about 30.
실시예 3Example 3
실시예 1또는 2와 같이 처리한 톱밥을 20℃에서 5일동안 배양한 토양미생물 0.5g을 접종하여 시간에 따른 퇴비의 색상의 변화와 톱밥의 분해정도에 따른 퇴비화의 진행정도를 확인하였다.Inoculated with 0.5 g of soil microorganisms incubated for 5 days at 20 ° C sawdust treated as in Example 1 or 2 to determine the progress of composting according to the change in color of the compost over time and the decomposition of sawdust.
실시예 4Example 4
실시예 4에서 미생물을 접종한 톱밥에 패각분말 150g을 첨가하여 시간에 따른 퇴비의 색상의 변화와 톱밥의 분해정도에 따른 퇴비화의 진행정도를 확인하였다.In Example 4, 150 g of shell powder was added to the sawdust inoculated with microorganisms to confirm the progress of composting according to the change of color and the decomposition of sawdust over time.
상기 실시예 1 내지 4의 C/N비를 표 2에 나타내었다.Table 2 shows the C / N ratios of Examples 1 to 4.
표 2. 톱밥의 C/N비 분석결과 Table 2. C / N ratio analysis of sawdust
시험결과 본 발명에 의해 처리되어 C/N비가 낮아진 톱밥은 퇴비화기간이 1-4개월로 비교적 빠른 기간내에 부숙되어 퇴비가 되었으며, 시각적과 후각적으로 살펴본 결과도 갈색(75%정도의 퇴비화)과 진갈색(100%의 퇴비화)으로 변색되었고, 부패된 냄새가 전혀 나지않아 퇴비화가 거의 완벽하게 진행되었음을 알 수 있었다.As a result of the test, the sawdust treated with the present invention had a low C / N ratio, and the composting period was 1-4 months, which resulted in composting within a relatively fast period. The visual and olfactory results also showed brown (75% composting) and It was discolored to dark brown color (100% composting), and there was no decay smell at all.
이는 본발명에 의해 톱밥을 원재료로 하는 매우 우수한 품질의 퇴비를 얻을 수 있음을 의미하는 것이다.This means that according to the present invention, compost of a very good quality using sawdust as a raw material can be obtained.
이처럼 본 발명은 종래 대개 폐기처분되거나, 유기질퇴비의 촉진제로만 사용되던 폐톱밥을 퇴비의 원재료로 사용하므로써 다량 소비할 수 있도록 함과 동시에, 고 부가가치를 가지는 재활용자원으로 활용하므로써 자연보호 및 원목의 수입을 줄여 국가 경제에도 도움이 될 수 있는 매우 유용한 발명인 것이다.As described above, the present invention uses waste sawdust, which has been conventionally disposed of or used only as an organic compost accelerator, as a raw material for composting, and at the same time, it can be consumed in large quantities, and is utilized as a recycling resource having high added value. It is a very useful invention that can help the national economy by reducing income.
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| KR100421340B1 (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2004-03-06 | 주식회사 그린환경 | a |
| KR100981418B1 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2010-09-16 | 정혜만 | Wood pellet containing shell powder and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20020090828A (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-05 | 윤영수 | Sawdust compost manufacturing method for facility house using waste wood. |
| KR101587809B1 (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-01-22 | (주)화신 | Safety device for vehicle |
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| JPH02149487A (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1990-06-08 | Kaneko Agricult Mach Co Ltd | Production of forcing compost with residue of sawdust-based mushroom growing bed |
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| JPH0782068A (en) * | 1993-09-09 | 1995-03-28 | Tatsuichi Miyazaki | Method for producing fermentation product of organic waste or the like |
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| JPS57105295A (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1982-06-30 | Hitachi Kiden Kogyo Ltd | Aerobic fermentation of sewage sludge or the like |
| JPS60227640A (en) * | 1984-04-27 | 1985-11-12 | Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd | Preparation of plant material to be easily subjected to enzyme hydrolysis action |
| KR880002779A (en) * | 1986-08-25 | 1988-05-11 | 박천수 | Alkaline Fermentation Powder Fertilizer Manufacturing Method Using Manure |
| JPH02149487A (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1990-06-08 | Kaneko Agricult Mach Co Ltd | Production of forcing compost with residue of sawdust-based mushroom growing bed |
| JPH02295414A (en) * | 1989-05-08 | 1990-12-06 | Shizuoka Prefecture | Material for agricultural, forestry, domestic horticultural or environmental protection use |
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| KR100981418B1 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2010-09-16 | 정혜만 | Wood pellet containing shell powder and manufacturing method thereof |
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