KR100270098B1 - Apparatus and method for quality judge of welding - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for quality judge of welding Download PDF

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Publication number
KR100270098B1
KR100270098B1 KR1019960070083A KR19960070083A KR100270098B1 KR 100270098 B1 KR100270098 B1 KR 100270098B1 KR 1019960070083 A KR1019960070083 A KR 1019960070083A KR 19960070083 A KR19960070083 A KR 19960070083A KR 100270098 B1 KR100270098 B1 KR 100270098B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
welding
luminance
heat input
allowable
welding quality
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KR1019960070083A
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Korean (ko)
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KR19980051209A (en
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강문진
김기철
최환택
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이구택
포항종합제철주식회사
신현준
재단법인 포항산업과학연구원
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Priority to KR1019960070083A priority Critical patent/KR100270098B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
    • B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/06—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating using roller electrodes
    • B23K11/061—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating using roller electrodes for welding rectilinear seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
    • B23K11/25—Monitoring devices
    • B23K11/252—Monitoring devices using digital means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A checking device for welding quality and a checking method thereof are provided to accurately check the welding quality by deciding if a welding is bad when the number of trouble is more than a specific ratio. CONSTITUTION: In a welding quality checking method, a system presets the allowable range and the reference value of brightness, an overheat generating position weight, the brightness intensity of one overheat generation, the generating length of allowable overheat, the generating area of allowable overheat and the generating number of allowable overheat. Then, the system compares a difference between electric signals of the preset reference value and brightness measured by a brightness sensor, with an allowable range. When the difference is over the allowable range, the generating number of overheat and the generating length of overheat are accumulated and the brightness intensity of overheat and the generating area of overheat are calculated. When the calculated generating area of overheat is larger than the preset generating area and the calculated generating number of allowable overheat is more than the preset generating number, the system finally decides that a welding is bad.

Description

용접품질 판정장치 및 방법Welding quality determination device and method

본 발명은 용접품질 판정장치 및 방법에 관한 것으로, 특히 용접시 발생하는 휘도를 계측하고 이 계측된 값이 피용접물의 재질과 두께에 따라 미리 설정해둔 소정의 기준치 및 허용범위를 넘어서는 경우에 이상 발생횟수를 저장하여 판의 전폭에 대하여 소정의 비율이상 발생하는 경우에만 용접불량 판정을 내려 보다 정확한 용접품질 판정을 할 수 있는 용접품질 판정장치 및 방법에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a welding quality judging device and method, in particular, when a luminance generated during welding is measured and an abnormality occurs when the measured value exceeds a predetermined reference value and an allowable range preset according to the material and thickness of the welded object. The present invention relates to a welding quality judging device and a method for making a more accurate welding quality determination by making a welding failure determination only when the number of times is stored and occurring more than a predetermined ratio with respect to the full width of the plate.

일반적인 기술에 관련되는 종래의 기술에 대한 구성은 도 1에 도시되어 있으며, 도 1은 종래의 용접품질 판정장치 구성도이다.The configuration of the conventional technique related to the general technique is shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a conventional welding quality determining apparatus.

도 1를 참조하면, 종래 발명의 하나의 실시예를 나타낸 것으로서, 종래의 용접품질 판정장치는 선행 스트립과 후행 스트립을 심(seam) 용접시 움직이지 않도록 하기 위한 클램프(11)와, 스트립과 스트립을 상하로부터 고정, 가압하기 위한 심 용접용전극 휠(12A),(12B)과, 상기 전극 휠(12A),(12B)에 의해 부여되는 가압력을 측정하기 위한 압력센서(13)와, 심 용접기에 있어서 전극 휠이 이동하여 용접할 때의 용접속도 센서(14)와, 소재내부의 전압강하를 측정하기 위한 전압계(15)와, 용접부 표면온도를 계측하기 위한 온도센서(16A),(16B)와, 심용접기 전원으로서 1차 전력을 용접에 필요한 전력으로 변환하기 위한 변압기(17)와, 용접판정에 필요한 데이터 신호처리부(20)와, 상기 신호처리부(20)에 입력된 데이터를 용접품질 평가 알고리듬(algorithnl)에 의해 용접이상 유무판정을 행하는 용접품질 판정부(21)와, 상기 신호처리부(20)에 입력된 데이터의 추적표시 및 판정부(21)에서 용접이상이라고 판정한 결과를 CRT, 프린터, 레코더 등을 통하여 작업자에게 전달하기 위한 용접품질 판정결과 표시부(22)로 구성된다. (18)은 용접기 1차측 전압신호이고, (19)는 1차측 전류신호이다.Referring to Figure 1, showing an embodiment of the conventional invention, the conventional welding quality determination device is a clamp (11), and strips and strips for preventing the preceding and subsequent strips from moving during seam welding Seam welding electrode wheels 12A and 12B for fixing and pressurizing them from above and below, a pressure sensor 13 for measuring the pressing force applied by the electrode wheels 12A and 12B, and a seam welding machine Welding speed sensor 14 when the electrode wheel moves and welds, a voltmeter 15 for measuring the voltage drop inside the material, and temperature sensors 16A and 16B for measuring the surface temperature of the welded portion. And a transformer 17 for converting primary electric power into electric power for welding as a core welding power source, a data signal processor 20 for welding determination, and data input to the signal processor 20 for welding quality evaluation. Welding abnormality caused by algorithm The welding quality determination unit 21 that performs the determination, the tracking display of the data input to the signal processing unit 20, and the result determined by the determination unit 21 as a welding abnormality are transmitted to the worker through a CRT, a printer, a recorder, or the like. The welding quality determination result display section 22 is provided. Denoted at 18 is a primary voltage signal of the welding machine, and denoted at 19 is a primary current signal.

용접품질 평가방법은 단순한 전극간 전압이 허용범위를 벗어났다고 용접상태가 이상하다고 판정을 내린다는 것은 실제 용접부 용융현상에 대한 정확한 해석없이 결론짓는 문제점이 있고, 한편 적외선 온도계 등을 이용한 용접부 온도검출에 의한 방법은 용접진행중 플래쉬(flash)등이 발생하는 경우 용접부위의 정확한 온도 해석을 어렵게 만들뿐만 아니라 계절에 따른 용접부 용융현상의 판정이 문제로 되는 등의 어려움이 있다. 또한 용접부위의 입열량 계산에 적용되는 변수들로써 변압기 1차측 전압 및 전류는 변압기를 통한 손실을 전혀 보상하지 못하고, 또한 용접부위의 기계적 불균형(misalignment)등이 발생하였을 경우에도 전혀 이를 인식하지 못하는 문제가 있었으며, 용접의 용융현상이 용접재료의 판폭을 따라서 매순간순간의 용접전류와 동저항치의 거동에 따라 결정되는 것인데 종래의 기술에서는 총입열량에 대한 개괄적 정보에 의해 판정을 내리고 있었다.In the welding quality evaluation method, it is a problem to conclude that the welding state is abnormal because the simple inter-electrode voltage is out of the allowable range, and there is a problem to conclude without accurate interpretation of the welding melting phenomenon. The method not only makes accurate temperature analysis of the welded part difficult when flash or the like occurs during the welding process, but also causes difficulty in determining the weld melting phenomenon according to the season. In addition, the primary voltage and current of the transformer do not compensate for the loss through the transformer at all as variables applied to the calculation of heat input of the welded part, and even when mechanical misalignment of the welded part occurs, it is not recognized at all. The melting phenomenon of the welding is determined by the behavior of the welding current and the copper resistance at every instant along the width of the welding material. In the prior art, the determination is made based on general information on total heat input.

본 발명은 상기한 문제점을 해결하고 개선점을 달성하기 위해 안출한 것이다.The present invention has been made to solve the above problems and to achieve an improvement.

따라서, 본 발명의 목적은 용접시 발생하는 휘도를 계측하고 이 계측된 값이 피용접물의 재질과 두께에 따라 미리 설정해둔 소정의 기준치 및 허용범위를 넘어서는 경우에 이상 발생횟수를 저장하여 판의 전폭에 대하여 소정의 비율이상 발생하는 경우에만 용접불량 판정을 내려 보다 정확한 용접품질 판정을 할 수 있는 용접품질 판정장치 및 방법을 제공함에 있다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to measure the luminance generated during welding and to store the number of abnormal occurrences when the measured value exceeds a predetermined reference value and an allowable range set in advance according to the material and thickness of the welded object, and thus the width of the plate. The present invention provides a welding quality determining apparatus and method that can make a welding quality determination more accurately by making a welding defect determination only when a predetermined ratio or more occurs.

상기한 본 발명의 목적을 달성하기 위한 기술적인 수단으로써, 본 발명에 의한 용접품질 판정장치는 용접중 상부전극휠과 피용접물 사이에 발생하는 플래쉬의 양을 계측하기 위한 휘도계측용 센서와, 상기 휘도 계측용 센서에서 계측되는 휘도의 밝기를 일정시간 간격으로 샘플링하여 전기적인 신호로 변환처리하는 데이터 신호처리부와, 상기 데이터 신호 처리부로부터 전기적인 휘도신호를 입력받아 내부 알고리즘에 의하여 용접이상 유,무를 판정하는 용접품질 판정부와, 상기 용접품질 판정부로부터 출력되는 결과를 작업자에게 알려주는 용접품질 판정결과 표시부를 구비하여, 보다 정확한 용접품질 판정을 할 수 있는 용접품질 판정장치 및 방법을 제공하는 것이다.As a technical means for achieving the above object of the present invention, the welding quality judging device according to the present invention includes a sensor for measuring the luminance for measuring the amount of flash generated between the upper electrode wheel and the welded object during welding, and A data signal processor for sampling the brightness of the luminance measured by the luminance measuring sensor at a predetermined time interval and converting the signal into an electrical signal, and receiving an electrical luminance signal from the data signal processor to detect an abnormal welding condition by an internal algorithm. It is to provide a welding quality determination device and method that includes a welding quality determination unit for determining and a welding quality determination result display unit for informing the operator of the results output from the welding quality determination unit, so as to make a more accurate welding quality determination. .

또한, 이와같은 기술적인 과제를 달성하기 위한 다른 기술적인 수단으로써, 본 발명에 의한 용접품질 판정방법은 휘도의 기준치와 그 허용범위 및 과입열 발생 위치가중치, 1회 과입열 발생 휘도강도, 허용 과입열 발생 길이, 허용 과입열 발생 면적, 허용 과입열 발생 횟수를 미리 설정하고, 상기 단계에서 미리 설정해둔 휘도 기준치와 휘도계측용 센서에서 계측된 휘도의 차이가 허용범위를 벗어나는지 비교 판단하고, 상기 단계에서 용접시의 휘도가 허용범위를 벗어나는 경우, 과입열 발생 횟수를 누산하고, 과입열 발생 길이를 누산하고, 과입열 발생 휘도강도, 및 과입열발생면적를 계산하고, 상기 단계에서 계산된 용접 후 과입열 발생 면적이 상기 단계에서 설정된 허용 과입열 발생면적보다 크면 용접불량이고, 상기 단계에서 계산된 용접 후 과입열 발생 휘도강도가 상기 단계에서 설정된 허용 과입열 발생 휘도강도보다 크면 용접불량이고, 상기 단계에서 계산된 용접 후 과입열 발생 횟수가 상기 단계에서 설정된 허용 과입열 발생 횟수보다 크면 용접불량인 것으로 최종적인 용접품질 이상 유,무를 판정하는 단계를 구비하여, 보다 정확한 용접품질 판정을 할 수 있는 용접품질 판정장치 및 방법을 제공하는 것이다.In addition, as another technical means for achieving the above technical problem, the welding quality determination method according to the present invention is a reference value of the luminance and its allowable range and the positional weight of the heat input heat generation, the intensity of the occurrence of heat input heat generation once, Preset the input heat generation length, the allowable heat input heat generation area, the number of allowable heat input heat generation in advance, and compares and determines whether the difference between the luminance reference value preset in the step and the luminance measured by the luminance measuring sensor is outside the allowable range, If the luminance at the time of welding is out of the allowable range, accumulate the number of occurrence of overheating heat, accumulate the length of overheating heat generation, calculate the overheating heat generating luminance intensity, and the overheating heat generating area, and then calculate If the overheating heat generating area is larger than the allowable overheating heat generating area set in the above step, it is a welding failure, and the post-welding overcoming calculated in the above step If the heat generating luminance intensity is larger than the allowable heat input luminance intensity set in the step, the welding failure, and if the number of heat input heat generation after welding calculated in the step is greater than the allowable heat input generation number set in the step, the welding defect is final. It is to provide a welding quality determination device and method that includes the step of determining the presence or absence of abnormal welding quality, it is possible to make a more accurate welding quality determination.

제1도는 종래의 용접품질 판정장치 구성도이다.1 is a block diagram of a conventional welding quality determination device.

제2도는 본 발명에 의한 용접품질 판정장치 구성도이다.2 is a block diagram of a welding quality determining apparatus according to the present invention.

제3도는 용접속도와 용접전류에 따른 용접가능 범위 예시 그래프이다.3 is an exemplary graph of a weldable range according to welding speed and welding current.

제4도는 본 발명에 의한 용접품질 판정방법 흐름도이다.4 is a flowchart illustrating a welding quality determination method according to the present invention.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

23 : 용접기 C 프레임 24 : 상부 전극휠23 welder C frame 24 upper electrode wheel

25 : 하부 전극휠 26 : 피용접물25: lower electrode wheel 26: welded object

27 : 휘도 계측용 센서 28 : 용접기 본체 구동용 실린더27: sensor for measuring luminance 28: cylinder for driving the main body of the welder

29 : 데이터 신호처리부 30 : 용접품질 판정부29: data signal processing unit 30: welding quality determination unit

31 : 용접품질 판정결과 표시부31: welding quality judgment result display unit

이하, 본 발명에 의한 용접품질 판정장치를 수행하기 위한 장치의 구성을 침부한 도면을 참조하여 설명한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings in which the configuration of the apparatus for performing the welding quality determination apparatus according to the present invention.

도 2은 본 발명에 의한 용접품질 판정장치 구성도이다.2 is a block diagram of a welding quality determination apparatus according to the present invention.

본 발명에 의한 용접품질 판정장치는 용접중 상부전극휠(24)과 피용접물 (26) 사이에 발생하는 플래쉬의 양을 계측하기 위한 휘도계축용 센서(27)와, 상기 휘도 계측용 센서(27)에서 계측되는 휘도의 밝기를 일정시간 간격으로 샘플링하여 전기적인 신호로 변환처리하는 데이터 신호처리부(29)와, 상기 데이터 신호 처리부 (29)로부터 전기적인 휘도신호를 임력받아 내부 알고리즘에 의하여 용접이상 유,무를 판정하는 용접품질 판정부(30)와, 상기 용접품질 판정부(30)로부터 출력되는 결과를 작업자에게 알려주는 용접품질 판정결과 표시부(31)로 구성된다.The welding quality judging device according to the present invention includes a luminance measuring sensor 27 for measuring the amount of flash generated between the upper electrode wheel 24 and the welded object 26 during welding, and the luminance measuring sensor 27 Data signal processing unit 29 for sampling the brightness of the luminance measured at a predetermined time interval and converting the signal into an electrical signal, and receiving an electrical luminance signal from the data signal processing unit 29, thereby welding abnormality by an internal algorithm. And a welding quality determination result display section 31 for determining whether or not there is a welding quality determination section 30 and a result output from the welding quality determination section 30 to an operator.

여기서, 도면중 미설명부호인 23은 용접기 C 프레임이고, 25는 하부 전극휠이고, 28은 용접기 본체 구동용 실린더이다.Here, reference numeral 23 in the figure is a welder C frame, 25 is a lower electrode wheel, and 28 is a cylinder for driving the welder body.

이하, 본 발명에 의한 용접품질 판정방법을 수행하기 위한 방법의 구성을 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 설명한다.Hereinafter, the configuration of a method for performing a welding quality determination method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 4은 본 발명에 의한 용접품질 판정방법 흐름도이다.4 is a flowchart illustrating a welding quality determination method according to the present invention.

본 발명에 의한 용접품질 판정방법은 용접시 상부전극과 피용접물 사이에서 발생하는 휘도의 기준치(Lo)와 그 허용범위(△Lo) 및 과입열 발생 위치가중치 (C1), 1회 과입열 발생 휘도강도(C2), 허용 과입열 발생 길이(ℓ1), 허용 과입열 발생 면적(A = C2 x ℓ1), 허용 과입열 발생 횟수(N1)를 미리 설정해 두는 제1단계(41)와, 상기 1단계(41)에서 미리 설정해둔 기준치(Lo)와 휘도계측용 센서(27)에서 계측된 휘도의 전기적 신호(Li)의 차이가 허용범위(△Lo)를 벗어나는지 비교 판단하는 제2단계(42)와, 상기 제2단계(42)에서 용접시의 휘도(Li)가 허용범위(△Lo)를 벗어나는 경우, 과입열 발생 횟수(Ni=지금까지 과입열 발생 횟수(Ni-1)+1)를 누산하고, 과입열 발생길이(ℓi=지금까지 과입열 발생 길이(ℓi-1)+(과입열 발생시간(t) X 용접속도(V)))를 누산하고, 과입열 발생 휘도강도(C = 과입열 발생 휘도강도 x 위치가중치(C1)), 및 과입열 발생면적(A = 과입열 발생 휘도강도 x 과입열 발생 길이(ℓi)를 계산하는 제3단계(43)와, 상기 제3단계(43)에서 계산된 용접 후 과입열 발생 면적(A)이 상기 제1단계에서 설정된 허용 과입열 발생면적(A1)보다 크면 용접불량이고, 상기 제3단계(43)에서 계산된 용접 후 과입열 발생 휘도강도(C)가 상기 제1단계에서 설정된 허용 과입열 발생 휘도강도(=1회 과입열 발생 휘도강도(C2) x 과입열 발생 위치가중치(C1))보다 크면 용접불량이고, 상기 제3단계(43)에서 계산된 용접 후 과입열 발생횟수(Ni)가 상기 제1단계에서 설정된 허용 과입열 발생 횟수 (N1)보다 크면 용접불량인 것으로 최종적인 용접품질 이상 유,무를 판정하는 제4단계(44)를 포함하여 구성된다.Welding quality determination method according to the present invention is a reference value (L o ) of the luminance generated between the upper electrode and the object to be welded during welding, its allowable range (△ L o ) and the positional heat generation value (C 1 ), and The first step in which the input heat generating luminance intensity (C 2 ), the allowable heat input heat generation length (ℓ 1 ), the allowable heat input heat generating area (A = C2 x ℓ 1 ), and the number of allowable heat input heat generation (N 1 ) are set in advance ( 41) and the difference between the reference value L o set in advance in the first step 41 and the electrical signal L i of the luminance measured by the luminance measuring sensor 27 are outside the allowable range ΔL o . In the second step 42 and the second step 42 for determining whether to compare, if the luminance (L i ) at the time of welding is out of the allowable range (△ L o ), the number of occurrence of overheating heat (N i = to date) Accumulate the number of overheating heat generation (N i-1 ) +1), and overheating heat generation length (ℓ i = overheating heat generation length (ℓ i-1 ) + (overheating heat generation time (t) X welding speed ( Accumulate V))), A third step of calculating the overheating generated luminance intensity (C = overheating generated luminance intensity x position weight value (C 1 )) and the overheated heat generating area (A = overheated heat generated luminance intensity x overheated heat generation length (ℓ i ); (43) and, if the post-welding heat input generation area A calculated in the third step 43 is larger than the allowable heat input area A 1 set in the first step, the welding failure is caused, and the third step The post-weld heat input generated luminance intensity C calculated in (43) is the allowable heat input generated luminance intensity set in the first step (= 1 time input heat generated luminance intensity C 2 ) x input heat generated position weight value C 1)) is greater than the welding defects, wherein the large welding worse than after the welding calculation in step 3, 43 and the heat input generated number (N i) is the first accepted and heat input occurs number set in step 1 (N 1) It is configured to include a fourth step (44) for determining the presence or absence of the final welding quality abnormality.

이와같이 구성된 본 발명의 용접품질 판정장치에 따른 동작을 침부도면 도 2, 도 3, 및 도 4에 의거하여 하기에 상세히 설명한다.The operation according to the welding quality determining apparatus of the present invention configured as described above will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2, 3, and 4.

도 2은 본 발명에 의한 용접품질 판정장치 구성도이다.2 is a block diagram of a welding quality determination apparatus according to the present invention.

피용접물(26)은 용접시작 전에 고정 클램프(도시되지 않음)에 의해 용접시 변형되지 않도록 확실하게 고정된다. 용접이 진행되는 방향은 전극휠(24,25)이 회전하여 진행되는 방향과 같은데 도 2에서 화살표와 같은 방향으로 진행되며 이때 상기 피용접물(26)은 고정되어 있고 용접기 C 프레임(23)이 화살표 방향으로 진행된다. 용접중 상부전극휠(24)과 피용접물(26) 사이에 발생하는 플래쉬의 양을 계측하기 위한 센서(27)는 통상 CCD 카메라등이 이용된다. 상기 센서(27)는 용접기 C 프레임(23)의 본체에 고정되어 상부 전극휠(24)과 피용접물(26)이 접하는 부위와 항상 일정한 소정의 거리를 유지한다. 또한 상기 접하는 부위를 계측하는 면적도 항상 일정한 소정의 면적을 갖도록 하고 있다. 데이터 신호처리부(29)는 상기 센서(27)로 부터 출력된 용접부위(상부전극과 피용접물 사이, 이하 '용접부위'라 칭함)의 휘도신호를 0.1msec 에서 10msec 마다 샘플링하여 전기적인 신호로 변환처리하고, 용접품질 판정부(30)는 상기 데이터 신호처리부(29)로부터 용접부위의 전기적인 휘도신호를 입력받고, 피용접물의 재질과 두께에 따른 휘도의 허용범위를 미리 설정해두고, 이 설정치와 상기 용접부 휘도신호를 비교하여 용접품질 판정 알고리즘에 의해 용접이상의 유,무를 판정하고, 용접품질 판정결과 표시부(31)는 상기 용접품질판정부 (30)에 입력된 신호와 설정치 및 판정결과를 작업자에게 표시해준다.The welded object 26 is securely fixed so as not to be deformed during welding by a fixing clamp (not shown) before the start of welding. The welding direction is the same as the direction in which the electrode wheels 24 and 25 rotate and proceed in the same direction as the arrow in FIG. 2, wherein the welded object 26 is fixed and the welder C frame 23 is arrowed. Proceeds in the direction. As the sensor 27 for measuring the amount of flash generated between the upper electrode wheel 24 and the object to be welded 26 during welding, a CCD camera or the like is usually used. The sensor 27 is fixed to the main body of the welder C frame 23 to maintain a predetermined distance at all times with the contact area between the upper electrode wheel 24 and the object to be welded 26. Moreover, the area which measures the said site | part to contact also always has a predetermined predetermined area. The data signal processing unit 29 converts the luminance signal of the welded region (between the upper electrode and the welded object, hereinafter referred to as “welded region”) output from the sensor 27 into electrical signals by sampling every 0.1msec to 10msec. The welding quality determination unit 30 receives the electrical luminance signal of the welding portion from the data signal processing unit 29, sets the allowable range of luminance according to the material and thickness of the welded object in advance, By comparing the weld luminance signal, it is determined whether or not there is a welding abnormality by a welding quality determination algorithm, and the welding quality determination result display unit 31 transmits a signal input to the welding quality determination unit 30, a set value, and a determination result to an operator. Mark it.

도 3는 용접속도와 용접전류에 따른 용접가능 범위 예시 그래프이다.3 is an exemplary graph of weldable range according to welding speed and welding current.

도 3에서 알 수 있듯이 어떤 용접전류의 설정값에 대해서 단순한 허용범위의 벗어난 것만 가지고 용접이상이라고 판정하는 것은 판정 자체에 문제가 있을 수 있다.As can be seen in FIG. 3, it is problematic in the determination itself to determine that a welding abnormality is caused by only a deviation from a simple allowable range for a set value of a welding current.

특히 용접시 플래쉬의 발생은 용접부위의 금속 뿐만 아니라 너겟의 금속까지도 비산시키게 되므로 용접부 강도에 중대한 영향을 미친다. 한편 용접작업시 전극휠과 피용접물 사이는 항상 불꽃이 발생하는데 이때 발생하는 불꽃의 양은 피용접물의 재질과 두께 그리고 용접조건(용접전류, 용접속도, 전극가압력등)에 따라서 다르게 되고, 통상 파입열의 용접조건이 형성되면 용접부 표면의 금속 뿐만 아니라 내부 너겟의 용융금속까지도 비산시키는 결과를 초래한다. 이때는 용접부위(표면)의 플래쉬의 양은 매우 많게 되고 이때 휘도는 매우 높게 된다. 반면 저입열의 조건이 형성된 상부전극과 피용접물 사이에서 발생하는 불꽃의 양은 매우 적게 되고 이때 휘도는 매우 낮게 된다. 이러한 경우 용접품질은 냉접 내지는 용접이 제대로 이루어지지 않은 상태가 된다.In particular, the generation of flash during welding scatters not only the metal of the welded portion but also the metal of the nugget, and thus has a significant impact on the weld strength. On the other hand, sparks are always generated between the electrode wheel and the object to be welded during welding. The amount of spark generated varies depending on the material and thickness of the object to be welded and the welding conditions (welding current, welding speed, electrode pressure, etc.). If the welding condition is formed, not only the metal on the weld surface but also the molten metal of the inner nugget is scattered. At this time, the amount of flash of the welded part (surface) becomes very large and the brightness becomes very high. On the other hand, the amount of sparks generated between the upper electrode and the to-be-welded material where the condition of low heat input is formed is very small and the brightness is very low. In this case, the welding quality is in a cold welding state or a poor welding state.

도 4은 본 발명에 의한 용접품질 판정방법 흐름도이다. 먼저 피용접물의 재질과 두께(이종 재료의 용접 및 두께가 다른 스트립과 스트립의 용접)에 따라서 용접시 상부전극과 피용접물 사이에서 발생하는 휘도의 기준치(Lo)와 그 허용범위(△Lo) 및 과입열 발생 위치가중치(C1), 1회 과입열 발생 휘도강도(C2), 허용 과입열 발생 길이 (ℓ1), 허용 과입열 발생 면적(A = C2 x ℓ1), 허용 과입열 발생 횟수(N1)를 미리 설정해 두고(41), 미리 설정해둔 기준치(Lo)와 휘도계측용 센서(27)에서 계측된 휘도의 전기적 신호(Li)의 차이가 허용범위(△Lo)를 벗어나는지 비교 판단하고(42), 용접시의 휘도(Li)가 허용범위(△Lo)를 벗어나는 경우, 과입열 발생 횟수(Ni=지금까지 과입열 발생 횟수(Ni-1)+1)를 누산하고, 과입열 발생 길이(ℓi=지금까지 과입열발생 길이(ℓi-1)+(과입열 발생시간(t) x 용접속도(v)))를 누산하고, 과입열 발생 휘도강도(C = 과입열 발생 휘도강도 x 위치가중치(C1)), 및 과입열 발생면적(A = 과입열 발생 휘도강도 X 과입열 발생 길이(ℓi))를 계산하여(43), 상기 계산된 용접 후 과입열 발생 면적(A)이 상기 설정된 허용 과입열 발생면적(A1)보다 크면 용접불량이고, 상기 계산된 용접 후 과입열 발생 휘도강도(C)가 상기 설정된 허용 과입열 발생 휘도강도(=1회 과입열 발생 휘도강도(C2) x 과입열 발생 위치가중치(C1))보다 크면 용접불량이고, 상기 계산된 용접 후 과입열 발생 횟수(Ni)가 상기 설정된 허용과입열 발생 횟수(N1)보다 크면 용접불량인 것으로 판단한다(44).4 is a flowchart illustrating a welding quality determination method according to the present invention. First, the reference value (L o ) of luminance generated between the upper electrode and the welded object and the allowable range (△ L o ) depending on the material and thickness of the welded object (welding of different materials and welding of strips and strips having different thicknesses). ) And input heat generation position weight value (C 1 ), single input heat generation luminance intensity (C 2 ), permissible heat input generation length (ℓ 1 ), permissible heat input generation area (A = C2 x ℓ 1 ), permissible excess The number of heat input occurrences (N 1 ) is set in advance (41), and the difference between the preset reference value (L o ) and the electrical signal (L i ) of the luminance measured by the luminance measurement sensor (27) is within the allowable range (△ L). out of a o) determined, and that the comparison (42), when the luminance at the time of welding (L i) is outside the permissible range (△ L o), and a heat input generated number (N i = heat input so far and the number of occurrences (N i- 1 ) accumulate +1), accumulate overheating heat generation length (ℓ i = overheating heat generation length (ℓ i-1 ) + (overheating heat generation time (t) x welding speed (v))), The overheating generated luminance intensity (C = overheated luminance intensity x position weight value (C 1 )) and overheated heat generating area (A = overheated heat generated luminance intensity X overheated heat generated length (ℓ i )) were calculated (43). ), If the calculated after-heat input heat generation area (A) is larger than the set allowable heat input area (A 1 ), it is a welding failure, and the calculated after-heat input heat generation luminance intensity (C) is equal to the set allowance and If the input heat generating luminance intensity is greater than (= 1 time overheating generated luminance intensity (C 2 ) x overheating heat generating position weight value (C 1 )) is a welding failure, the calculated number of heat input generation after welding (N i ) is set If it is greater than the number of allowable heat input generation (N 1 ) it is determined that the welding failure (44).

상술한 바와같은 본 발명에 따르면, 보다 정확한 용접품질의 판정을 내리므로써 용접이상 발생시 작업자가 재용접 등의 동작을 신속히 판단할 수 있으며 이러한 정량적인 판정기준에 의해서 용접불량 등을 방지할 수 있는 효과가 있다.According to the present invention as described above, by making a more accurate determination of the welding quality, the operator can quickly determine the operation of the re-welding, etc. when welding abnormality occurs, and the effect that can prevent welding defects, etc. by the quantitative determination criteria There is.

이상의 설명은 단지 본 발명의 일실시예에 대한 설명에 불과하며, 본 발명은 그 구성과 기술적 사상의 범위내에서 다양한 변경 및 개조가 가능하다.The above description is only a description of one embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is capable of various changes and modifications within the scope of the configuration and technical spirit.

Claims (2)

용접품질 판정장치에 있어서, 용접중 상부전극휠과 피용접물 사이에 발생하는 플래쉬의 양을 계측하기 위한 휘도 계측용 센서와, 상기 휘도 계측용 센서에서 계측되는 휘도의 밝기를 일정시간 간격으로 샘플링하여 전기적인 신호로 변환처리하는 데이터 신호처리부와, 상기 데이터 신호처리부로부터 전기적인 휘도신호를 입력받아 내부 알고리즘에 의하여 용접이상 유,무를 판정하는 용접품질 판정부와, 상기 용접품질 판정부로부터 출력되는 결과를 작업자에게 알려주는 용접품질 판정결과 표시부를 구비함을 특징으로 하는 용접품질 판정장치.A welding quality judging device comprising: a luminance measuring sensor for measuring the amount of flash generated between an upper electrode wheel and a welded object during welding, and a brightness of the luminance measured by the luminance measuring sensor at predetermined time intervals; A data signal processing unit for converting the electrical signal into a signal, a welding quality determining unit for receiving an electrical luminance signal from the data signal processing unit and determining whether or not there is a welding abnormality by an internal algorithm, and a result output from the welding quality determining unit. Welding quality determination device, characterized in that it comprises a welding quality determination result display unit for informing the operator. 용접품질 판정방법에 있어서, 피용접물의 재질과 두께에 따라서 용접시 상부전극과 피용접물 사이에서 발생하는 휘도의 기준치(Lo)와 그 허용범위(△Lo) 및 과입열 발생 위치가중치(C1), 1회 과입열발생 휘도강도(C2), 허용 과입열 발생 길이 (ℓ1), 허용 과입열 발생 면적(A = C2 x ℓ1), 허용 과입열 발생 횟수(N1)를 미리 설정해 두는 제1단계(41)와, 상기 1단계(41)에서 미리 설정해둔 기준치(Lo)와 휘도계측용 센서(27)에서 계측된 휘도의 전기적 신호(Li)의 차이가 허용범위(△Lo)를 벗어나는지 비교 판단하는 제2단계(42)와, 상기 제2단계(42)에서 용접시의 휘도(Li)가 허용범위(△Lo)를 벗어나는 경우, 과입열 발생 횟수(Ni)를 누산하고, 과입열 발생 길이(ℓi)를 누산하고, 과입열 발생 휘도강도(C), 및 과입열 발생면적(A)를 계산하는 제3단계(43)와, 상기 제3단계(43)에서 계산된 용접 후 과입열 발생 면적(A)이 상기 제1단계에서 설정된 허용 과입열 발생면적(A1)보다 크면 용접불량이고, 상기 제3단계(43)에서 계산된 용접 후 과입열 발생 휘도강도(C)가 상기 제1단계에서 설정된 허용 과입열 발생 휘도강도보다 크면 용접불량이고, 상기 제3단계(43)에서 계산된 용접 후 과입열 발생 횟수(Ni)가 상기 제1단계에서 설정된 허용 과입열 발생 횟수(N1)보다 크면 용접불량인 것으로 최종적인 용접품질 이상 유,무를 판정하는 제4단계 (44)를 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 용접품질 판정방법.In the welding quality determination method, the reference value L o of luminance generated between the upper electrode and the welded object, the allowable range ΔL o , and the positional input heat generation value C depending on the material and thickness of the welded object. 1 ), one-time heat input luminance intensity (C 2 ), allowable heat input length (ℓ 1 ), allowable heat input area (A = C2 x ℓ 1 ), allowable heat input number (N 1 ) The difference between the first step 41 to be set, the reference value L o set in advance in the first step 41, and the electrical signal L i of the luminance measured by the luminance measuring sensor 27 is in the allowable range ( If outside the △ L o) to and that the comparison determines a second step (42-a) out of the luminance (L i), the allowable range (△ L o) of the welding in the second step (42), and heat input occurs number accumulating (N i), and the heat input occurs length (ℓ i) the accumulation and the heat input generated luminescence intensity (C), and with a heat input generated area (a) a third step (43) for calculating, the The after welding calculation in step 3, 43 and the heat input generated area (A) is an accepted and a large welding defects than the heat input generated area (A 1) is set in the first stage, calculated in the third phase 43 If the overheating generated luminance intensity (C) after welding is greater than the allowable overheating generated luminance intensity set in the first step, it is a welding failure, and the number of overheating generated after welding (N i ) calculated in the third step (43) is And a fourth step (44) of determining whether or not the final welding quality is abnormal as a result of welding failure if the number of times of allowable heat input generation N 1 set in the first step is greater than that.
KR1019960070083A 1996-12-23 1996-12-23 Apparatus and method for quality judge of welding KR100270098B1 (en)

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