KR100215921B1 - Integrated gasification combined cycle - Google Patents
Integrated gasification combined cycle Download PDFInfo
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- KR100215921B1 KR100215921B1 KR1019950017011A KR19950017011A KR100215921B1 KR 100215921 B1 KR100215921 B1 KR 100215921B1 KR 1019950017011 A KR1019950017011 A KR 1019950017011A KR 19950017011 A KR19950017011 A KR 19950017011A KR 100215921 B1 KR100215921 B1 KR 100215921B1
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- gasification combined
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
Abstract
본 발명은 하부사이클의 출력 및 효율을 높일 수 있는 석탄가스화 복합발전 시스템을 개시한다. 개시된 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템은, 가스화기로부터 생성된 석탄가스를 연소시켜 동력을 발생시키는 상부사이클과, 상기 상부사이클에서 나온 배기가스의 열을 이용하여 부가동력을 발생시키는 하부사이클과, 상기 하부사이클의 폐열회수보일러로 부터 생성된 증기에 비활성기체를 혼합시키는 비활성기체 압축기를 포함한다. 따라서 엔탈피 증가로 인해 하부사이클의 출력 및 효율이 높아지게 된다.The present invention discloses a coal gasification combined cycle system that can increase the output and efficiency of the lower cycle. The disclosed coal gasification combined cycle system includes an upper cycle for generating power by burning coal gas generated from a gasifier, a lower cycle for generating additional power using heat of exhaust gas from the upper cycle, and the lower cycle. And an inert gas compressor for mixing the inert gas with the steam generated from the waste heat recovery boiler. Therefore, the increase in enthalpy results in higher power and efficiency of the lower cycle.
Description
제 1 도는 종래의 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템을 개략적으로 도시한 블록도.1 is a block diagram schematically showing a conventional coal gasification combined cycle system.
제 2 도는 본 발명에 따른 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템을 개략적으로 도시한 블록도.2 is a block diagram schematically showing a coal gasification combined cycle power generation system according to the present invention.
제 3 도는 증기에 다른기체가 첨가된 상태에서의 압축성인자를 나타낸 그래프.3 is a graph showing compressive factors in a state in which another gas is added to the steam.
제 4 도는 순수증기와 비활성기체로서의 헬륨가스가 혼합된 증기간의 엔탈피 차이를 나타낸 그래프.4 is a graph showing enthalpy differences between pure steam and vapors in which helium gas is mixed as an inert gas.
도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings
1 : 가스화기 2 : 열 교환기1: gasifier 2: heat exchanger
10 : 상부사이클 20 : 하부사이클10: upper cycle 20: lower cycle
21 : 폐열회수보일러 23 : 증기터빈21: waste heat recovery boiler 23: steam turbine
24 : 응축기 25 : 펌프24 condenser 25 pump
27 : 혼합탱크 30 : 비활성기체 압축기27: mixing tank 30: inert gas compressor
본 발명은 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템에 관한 것으로서, 특히 폐열회수보일러에서 발생되는 증기에 비활성기체를 혼합시켜 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템 하부사이클의 작동유체로 사용함으로써 시스템의 출력 및 효율을 개선할 수 있도록 한 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a coal gasification combined cycle system, in particular by mixing an inert gas to the steam generated from the waste heat recovery boiler to use as a working fluid of the coal gasification combined cycle system subcycle to improve the output and efficiency of the system The present invention relates to a coal gasification combined cycle system.
종래의 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템은 제 1 도에 개략적으로 도시되어 있는 바와같이, 석탄가스를 생성하는 가스화기(1)와, 가스화기(1)에 의해 생성된 석탄가스 내의 황성분과 고형입자를 제거하는 가스정제장치(3)와, 석탄가스와 물을 반응시켜 석탄가스내의 암모니아를 분리시키는 습식세정기(4)와, 가스정제장치(3)와 습식세정기(4)에 의해 정화뒨 석탄가스를 연소시켜 동력을 발생시키는 상부사이클(10)과, 상부사이클(10)에서 발생된 폐열을 이용하여 동력을 발생시키는 하부사이클(20)로 구성된다.The conventional coal gasification combined cycle power generation system removes sulfur components and solid particles in the coal gas produced by the gasifier 1 and the coal gas produced by the gasifier 1, as schematically shown in FIG. Combustion-purified coal gas is burned by a gas purifier (3), a wet cleaner (4) for reacting coal gas and water to separate ammonia in coal gas, and a gas purifier (3) and a wet cleaner (4). And an upper cycle 10 for generating power and a lower cycle 20 for generating power using waste heat generated in the upper cycle 10.
그리고 상부사이클(10)은, 가스정제장치(3)와 습식세정기(4)에 의해 정화된 석탄가스에 압축공기를 공급하는 공기압축기(11)와, 압축공기와 혼합된 석탄가스를 연소시키는 연소기(12)와, 1000℃ 이상의 고온이며 10기압 이상 고압인 연소가스를 대기압까지 팽창시켜 이때의 에너지 차이를 동력으로 전환시키는 가스터빈(13)으로 구성된다.The upper cycle 10 includes an air compressor 11 for supplying compressed air to the coal gas purified by the gas purifier 3 and the wet cleaner 4, and a combustor for burning coal gas mixed with the compressed air. And a gas turbine 13 which expands the combustion gas having a high temperature of 1000 ° C or higher and a high pressure of 10 atm or higher to atmospheric pressure to convert the energy difference at this time into power.
그리고 하부사이클(20)은, 가스터빈(13)에서 배출된 배기가스의 열을 회수하는 폐열회수보일러(21)와, 폐열회수보일러(21)에 의해 생성된 증기가 일시 저장되는 증기헤더(22)와, 중기헤더(22)에서 배출되는 500℃ 이상의 고온이며 100기압 이상의 고압인 증기를 대기압 이하까지 팽창시켜 이때의 에너지 차이를 부가적인 동력으로 전환시키는 증기터빈(23)과, 증기터빈(23)으로 부터 배출된 증기를 물로 전환시키는 응축기(24)와, 응축기(24)에 의해 전환된 물을 폐열회수보일러(21)로 재순환시키는 급수펌프(25)로 구성된다.The lower cycle 20 includes a waste heat recovery boiler 21 for recovering heat of exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 13 and a steam header 22 in which steam generated by the waste heat recovery boiler 21 is temporarily stored. ), A steam turbine 23 for expanding a high-temperature steam at a temperature of 500 ° C. or higher and a high pressure of 100 atm or higher to below atmospheric pressure to convert the energy difference into additional power, and a steam turbine 23. Condenser 24 for converting the steam discharged from the water to the water, and the water supply pump 25 for recycling the water converted by the condenser 24 to the waste heat recovery boiler (21).
가스화기(1)에서는 산소와 증기 및 질소를 유입하여 미분탄과 반응시킴으로써 석탄가스를 생성하게 되고, 생성된 석탄가스는 가스정제장치(3)를 거치면서 고형입자와 황성분등이 제거되고, 습식세정기(4)에서 물과 반응하여 암모니아가 제거된 후 가스정제장치(3)를 빠져나간다.In the gasifier 1, coal, gas and nitrogen are introduced and reacted with pulverized coal to generate coal gas. The generated coal gas is removed through the gas purifier 3 to remove solid particles, sulfur components, and the like. In (4), the ammonia is removed by reaction with water, and the gas purification apparatus 3 exits.
가스정제장치(3)에서 나은 정제된 석탄가스는 열교환기(2)를 거쳐 가스화기(1)에서 생성된 고온의 석탄가스와 열교환되어 예열된 후 상부사이클(10)의 연소기(12)로 유입되고, 연소기(12) 내에서 공기압축기(11)로 부터 공급된 압축공기와 혼합된 상태로 연소되어 고온가스를 발생시키게 되고, 고온의 연소가스는 가스터빈(13)으로 들어가 팽창되면서 가스터빈(13)을 작동시키고 이에따라 발전기(14)가 구동되어 전력을 발생시키게 된다.The finely purified coal gas in the gas purifier 3 is heat exchanged with the hot coal gas generated in the gasifier 1 via the heat exchanger 2, preheated and introduced into the combustor 12 of the upper cycle 10. And, in the combustor 12 is combusted in a mixed state with the compressed air supplied from the air compressor 11 to generate a hot gas, the hot combustion gas enters the gas turbine (13) and expands the gas turbine ( 13) and the generator 14 is driven accordingly to generate power.
가스터빈(13)에서 배출된 고온의 배기가스는 하부사이클(20)의 폐열회수보일러(21)로 인도되어 급수펌프(25)에 의해 폐열회수보일러(21)로 공급되는 가압된 물과 열교환됨으로써 증기를 발생시킨다. 발생된 증기는 증기헤더(22)에 모아진 후 증기터빈(23)으로 유입되어 부가적인 동력을 발생시킨다.The high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 13 is led to the waste heat recovery boiler 21 of the lower cycle 20 and heat exchanged with pressurized water supplied to the waste heat recovery boiler 21 by the feed water pump 25. Generates steam. The generated steam is collected in the steam header 22 and then introduced into the steam turbine 23 to generate additional power.
폐열회수보일러(21)로 유입된 배기가스는 연돌(5)을 통해 대기로 배출되그, 증기터빈(23)에서 배출된 증기는 응축기(24)로 유입 응축되어 급수펌프(25)에 의해 페열회수보일러(21)로 재순환되어 증기발생원으로 사용된다.The exhaust gas introduced into the waste heat recovery boiler 21 is discharged to the atmosphere through the stack 5, and the steam discharged from the steam turbine 23 flows into the condenser 24 and is condensed by the feed water pump 25. It is recycled to the boiler 21 and used as a steam generating source.
이와같이 구성된 종래의 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템은, 가스터빈 배기가스의 고온 열원을 활용하여 증기를 작동유체로 한 랭킨사이클(Rankine cycle)을 채택하그있다.The conventional coal gasification combined cycle system configured as described above employs a Rankine cycle in which steam is used as a working fluid by utilizing a high temperature heat source of gas turbine exhaust gas.
그러나 증기는 고온, 고압에서 압축성효과가 다른 기체들에 비해 작은 특성으로 인해 증기터빈을 돌릴 수 있는 엔탈피의 양도 상대적으로 작을 수 밖에 없으며, 이러한 이유로 증기만을 사용하는 랭킨 사이클을 채택하는 종래의 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템으로는 출력향상에 한계를 가진다.However, steam has a relatively small amount of enthalpy capable of turning a steam turbine due to its small compressive effect at high temperatures and pressures, and for this reason, conventional coal gasification using a Rankine cycle using steam only. The combined power generation system has a limit in output improvement.
본 발명은 상술한 바와같은 출력 향상의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 창출된 것으로서, 폐열회수보일러에서 발생되는 증기에 비활성가스를 혼합시켜 하부사이클의 작동유체로 사용함으로써 하부사이클의 출력 및 효율을 높일 수 있도록 한 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.The present invention was created in order to overcome the limitations of the above-mentioned power improvement, and to increase the output and efficiency of the lower cycle by mixing the inert gas into the steam generated by the waste heat recovery boiler as a working fluid of the lower cycle. Its purpose is to provide a coal gasification combined cycle system.
본 발명의 상기 목적은, 가스화기로부터 생성된 석탄가스를 연소시켜 동력을 발생시키는 상부사이클과, 상기 상부사이클에서 나온 배기가스의 열을 이용하여 부가동력을 발생시키는 하부사이클과, 상기 하부사이클의 폐열회수보일러로 부터 생성된 증기에 비활성기체를 혼합시키는 비활성기체 압축기를 포함하는 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템를 제공함으로써 달성될 수 있다.The above object of the present invention, the upper cycle for generating power by burning the coal gas generated from the gasifier, the lower cycle for generating additional power by using the heat of the exhaust gas from the upper cycle, It can be achieved by providing a coal gasification combined cycle power generation system comprising an inert gas compressor for mixing the inert gas into the steam generated from the waste heat recovery boiler.
이와같은 본 발명에 의하면, 하부사이클의 출력 및 효율을 높일 수 있게 된다.According to the present invention as described above, it is possible to increase the output and efficiency of the lower cycle.
본 발명에 따른 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템의 실시예를 제 2 도를 참조하여 설명하면 다음과 같다.An embodiment of the coal gasification combined cycle system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 2.
제 2 도에서 제 1 도에 도시된 부분과 동일한 부분은 동일한 부호를 사용하여 설명한다. 본 발명에 따른 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템은, 석탄가스를 생성하는 가스화기(1)와, 가스화기(1)에 의해 생성된 석탄가스내의 황성분과 고형입자를 제거하는 가스정제장치(3)와, 석탄가스와 물을 반응시켜 석탄가스내의 암모니아를 분리시키는 습식세정기(4)와, 가스정제장치(3)와 습식세정기(4)에 의해 정화된 석탄가스를 연소시켜 동력을 발생시키는 상부사이클(10)과, 상부사이클(10)에서 발생된 폐열을 이용하여 부가동력을 발생시키는 하부사이클(20)을 구비한다.In FIG. 2, the same parts as those shown in FIG. 1 will be described with the same reference numerals. The coal gasification combined cycle system according to the present invention includes a gasifier (1) for generating coal gas, a gas purifier (3) for removing sulfur components and solid particles in coal gas generated by the gasifier (1), A wet cleaner (4) for reacting coal gas and water to separate ammonia in coal gas, and an upper cycle (10) for generating power by burning coal gas purified by the gas purifier (3) and the wet cleaner (4). ) And a lower cycle 20 for generating additional power by using waste heat generated in the upper cycle 10.
그리고 상부사이클(10)은, 가스정제장치(3)와 습식세정기(4)에 의해 정화된 석탄가스에 압축공기를 공급하는 공기압축기(11)와, 압축공기와 혼합된 석탄가스를 연소시키는 연소기(12)와, 연소가스를 팽창시켜 동력을 발생시키는 가스터빈(13)을 구비한다.The upper cycle 10 includes an air compressor 11 for supplying compressed air to the coal gas purified by the gas purifier 3 and the wet cleaner 4, and a combustor for burning coal gas mixed with the compressed air. 12, and a gas turbine 13 for expanding the combustion gas to generate power.
그리고 하부사이클(20)은, 가스터빈(13)에서 배출된 배기가스의 열을 회수하는 폐열회수보일러(21)와, 폐열회수보일러(21)에 의해 생성된 증기와 비활성기체가 혼합되는 혼합탱크(27)와, 혼합탱크(27)에 모아진 증기와 비활성기체의 혼합기체를 유입 팽창시켜 동력을 발생시키는 증기터빈(23)과, 증기터빈(23)으로 부터 배출된 증기를 응축시키는 응축기(24)와, 응축기(24)에 의해 응축된 증기를 폐열회수보일러 (21)로 재순환시키는 급수펌프(25)를 구비한다.The lower cycle 20 is a mixing tank in which a waste heat recovery boiler 21 for recovering heat of exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 13 and steam and an inert gas generated by the waste heat recovery boiler 21 are mixed. (27), a steam turbine (23) for generating power by inflowing and expanding a mixed gas of steam and inert gas collected in the mixing tank (27), and a condenser (24) for condensing the steam discharged from the steam turbine (23). And a feed water pump 25 for recycling the steam condensed by the condenser 24 to the waste heat recovery boiler 21.
그리고 본 발명의 특징에 따라 하부사이클(20)의 혼합탱크(27)에는 비활성기체를 혼합탱크(27) 내부로 분사시켜 증기와 혼합시키기 위한 비활성기체 압축기(30)가 설치된다.In addition, in the mixing tank 27 of the lower cycle 20 according to a feature of the present invention, an inert gas compressor 30 for injecting inert gas into the mixing tank 27 and mixing with steam is installed.
그리고 비활성기체로는 헬륨가스가 사용되고, 헬륨가스는 증기질량기준으로 5%가 첨가되는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, helium gas is used as the inert gas, and 5% of helium gas is preferably added based on the mass of steam.
이와같이 구성된 본 발명에 따른 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템은 다음과 같이 작동된다.The coal gasification combined cycle system according to the present invention configured as described above operates as follows.
먼저 가스화기(1)내로 수분함유량 5%미만의 미분탄이 질소가스에 의해 공압수송되고, 포화증기와 95%의 순수한 산소가 유입된다. 가스화기(1)내로 유입된 미분탄과 증기 및 산소는 가스화반응을 거쳐 탄소전환율이 99.5%의 석탄가스를 생성하며, 재는 가스화기(1)의 하단부로 배출되어 처리된다. 가스화기(1)에서 생성된 석탄가스는 열교환기(2)내에서 냉각되어 가스정제장치(3)로 유입되며, 가스정제장치(3)에 의해 석탄가스내의 황성분이 가수분해반응(Sulfino1 공정)을 통해 제거된다.First, pulverized coal having a moisture content of less than 5% is pneumatically transported by nitrogen gas into the gasifier 1, and saturated steam and 95% of pure oxygen are introduced. The pulverized coal, steam and oxygen introduced into the gasifier 1 undergo a gasification reaction to produce coal gas having a carbon conversion of 99.5%, and the ash is discharged and treated to the lower end of the gasifier 1. The coal gas generated in the gasifier 1 is cooled in the heat exchanger 2 and introduced into the gas purifier 3, and the sulfur component in the coal gas is hydrolyzed by the gas purifier 3 (Sulfino1 process). Is removed through.
가스정제장치(3)를 거친 석탄가스는 온도가 섭씨 40도 정도로 냉각되어 습식세정기(4)로 유입되며 이때 암모니아는 물에 녹아 석탄가스로 부터 분리된다. 암모니아 성분이 제거된 석탄가스는 열교환기(2)를 거치는 과정에서 가스화기(1)로 부터 나온 고온의 석탄가스와 열교환을 거쳐 예열된 상태로 상부사이클(l0)의 연소기(12)로 공급되게 된다. 연소기(12)내에서는 정제된 석탄가스와 공기압축기(11)로 부터 압축된 공기가 반응하여 고온의 연소가스가 생성되고, 생성된 고온의 연소가스는 가스터빈(13)에 유입되어 대기압 상태까지 팽창되면서 가스터빈(13)을 작동시킴으로써 발전기(14)가 구동되어 전력을 발생시키게 된다.The coal gas passed through the gas purification device (3) is cooled to about 40 degrees Celsius and flows into the wet cleaner (4), where ammonia is dissolved in water and separated from the coal gas. The coal gas from which the ammonia is removed is supplied to the combustor 12 of the upper cycle 110 in a preheated state through heat exchange with hot coal gas from the gasifier 1 during the heat exchanger 2. do. In the combustor 12, the purified coal gas and the compressed air from the air compressor 11 react to generate a high temperature combustion gas, and the generated high temperature combustion gas flows into the gas turbine 13 to an atmospheric pressure state. By operating the gas turbine 13 while being inflated, the generator 14 is driven to generate power.
가스터빈(13)에서 나온 고온(약 섭씨 600도)의 배기가스는 하부사이클(20)의 폐열회수보일러(21)로 유입되게 되고, 폐열회수보일러(21)내의 도시되지 않은 고압증기 과열기와 고압증기 증발기 및 중압, 저압증기 발생기를 거치면서 펌프(25)에 의해 폐열회수보일러(21)로 공급되는 작동유체를 기화시키는 열원으로 사용된 후 연돌(5)을 통해 대기로 배출되게 된다.The high temperature (about 600 degrees Celsius) exhaust gas from the gas turbine 13 is introduced into the waste heat recovery boiler 21 of the lower cycle 20, and the high pressure steam superheater and the high pressure not shown in the waste heat recovery boiler 21 are not shown. After being used as a heat source for vaporizing the working fluid supplied to the waste heat recovery boiler 21 by the pump 25 while passing through the vapor evaporator and the medium pressure and low pressure steam generator, it is discharged to the atmosphere through the stack 5.
폐열회수보일러(21)에서 발생된 증기는 혼합탱크(27)로 모아지고, 혼합탱크(27)에 모아진 증기에 본 발명의 특징에 따른 비활성기체 압축기(30)가 비활성기체로서의 헬륨가스를 분사하여 증기와 혼합시킨다.Steam generated in the waste heat recovery boiler 21 is collected in the mixing tank 27, the inert gas compressor 30 according to the characteristics of the present invention to the steam collected in the mixing tank 27 injects helium gas as the inert gas Mix with steam.
그리고 혼합탱크(27) 내부에서 혼합된 증기/헬륨 혼합기는 증기터빈(23)으로 유입, 팽창되어 증기터빈(23)을 작동시킴으로써 발전기(26)가 구동되어 추가 전력을 발생시키게 되고, 증기터빈으로 부터 나온 기체는 응축기(24)를 거쳐 액체로 전환되고 펌프(25)에 의해 가압되어 다시 폐열회수보일러(21)로 재순환된다.The steam / helium mixer mixed in the mixing tank 27 is introduced into and expanded into the steam turbine 23 to operate the steam turbine 23 to drive the generator 26 to generate additional power. The resulting gas is converted to liquid via the condenser 24, pressurized by the pump 25 and recycled back to the waste heat recovery boiler 21.
이때 본 발명의 특징에 따라, 폐열회수보일러(21)에서 생성된 증기와 비활성 기체 압축기(30)로부터 분사된 비활성기체로서의 헬륨가스가 혼합된 증기/헬륨 혼합기가 증기터빈(23)으로 유입 팽창되어 추가 동력을 발생시키도록 되어 있으므로 헬륨가스에 의해 압축성 효과가 높아져 증기터빈에서 기계적 에너지로 전환가능한 엔탈피의 양이 늘어나게 되고, 이로인해 하부사이클의 출력 및 효율이 향상되게 된다.At this time, in accordance with a feature of the present invention, a steam / helium mixture in which the steam generated in the waste heat recovery boiler 21 and the helium gas as inert gas injected from the inert gas compressor 30 is mixed flows into the steam turbine 23 Since helium gas is designed to generate additional power, the compressibility effect is increased, thereby increasing the amount of enthalpy that can be converted into mechanical energy in the steam turbine, thereby improving the output and efficiency of the lower cycle.
이를 좀더 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다.This will be described in more detail as follows.
기체의 단위질량당 엔탈피(h)는 다음과 같이 내부에너지(u), 압력(p) 및 비체적(v)으로 표현된다.The enthalpy (h) per unit mass of gas is expressed as internal energy (u), pressure (p) and specific volume (v) as follows.
h = u + pvh = u + pv
이는 엔탈피(h)의 양이 클수록 증기터빈에서 발전기를 돌리는 기계적 에너지로 전환되는 양이 증가함을 의미한다.This means that the greater the amount of enthalpy (h), the greater the amount of conversion to mechanical energy that drives the generator in the steam turbine.
또한 실제기체의 상태방정식은,Also, the state equation of the actual gas is
pv = ZRT 이고,pv = ZRT,
이때 T 는 온도를, R 은 기체상수를, Z 는 압축성인자(compressibility factor)을 나타내며, Z 는 상수로서 기체의 종류에 따라 변화한다. 그러므로 기체 엔탈피(h)는 다음과 같다.At this time, T is the temperature, R is the gas constant, Z is the compressibility factor (compressibility factor), Z is a constant and changes depending on the type of gas. The gas enthalpy (h) is therefore:
h = u + ZRTh = u + ZRT
즉, 상기식은 하부사이클 작동유체의 압축성인자(Z)를 늘리는 것이 엔탈피(h)의 증가를 가져옴을 의미한다.That is, the above equation means that increasing the compressibility factor (Z) of the lower cycle working fluid leads to an increase in enthalpy (h).
제 3 도에는 증기에 다른 기체를 5%(증기질량기준) 첨가하여 압축성인자(Z)를 살펴본 결과로서, 헬륨과 수소의 첨가시 약 50%, 80% 정도 압축성인자(Z)의 증가를 가져온다. 그러나 수소는 폭발성 기체인 관계로 안정한 비활성기체인 헬륨이 사용되는 것이 바람직함을 알 수 있다.FIG. 3 shows the compressive factor (Z) by adding 5% (by vapor mass) of another gas to the steam, and increases the compressive factor (Z) by about 50% and 80% when helium and hydrogen are added. . However, since hydrogen is an explosive gas, helium, which is a stable inert gas, is preferably used.
제 4 도는 헬륨이 5% 첨가된 증기와 순수증기간의 엔탈피(h) 차이를 나타낸 것으로, 헬륨이 첨가된 증기의 엔탈피가 순수증기에 비해 고압, 고온 범위내에서 엔탈피(h)가 증가되며 이는 곧 증기터빈의 출력 향상으로 나타난다.4 shows the difference in enthalpy (h) between the steam containing 5% of the helium and the pure steam, and the enthalpy (h) of the steam containing helium increases in the high pressure and high temperature ranges compared to the pure steam. Improved steam turbine output.
이상에서 설명한 바와같이 본 발명에 따른 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템에 의하면, 폐열회수보일러에서 생성된 증기에 비활성기체로서의 헬륨가스를 혼합시켜 증기/헬륨 혼합기를 작동유체로 사용함으로써 종래 순수 증기를 작동유체로 사용하던 방식에 비하여 압축성 효과가 높아져 증기터빈에서 기계적 에너지로 전환가능한 엔탈피의 양이 늘어나게 됨에따라 하부사이클의 출력 및 효율이 향상되게 된다.As described above, according to the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system according to the present invention, by mixing the helium gas as an inert gas to the steam generated in the waste heat recovery boiler using a steam / helium mixer as a working fluid conventional pure steam as a working fluid Compared to the method used, the compressibility effect is increased, and the amount of enthalpy that can be converted into mechanical energy in the steam turbine is increased, thereby improving the output and efficiency of the lower cycle.
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