KR0134811Y1 - Solid state image sensor - Google Patents

Solid state image sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
KR0134811Y1
KR0134811Y1 KR2019950020076U KR19950020076U KR0134811Y1 KR 0134811 Y1 KR0134811 Y1 KR 0134811Y1 KR 2019950020076 U KR2019950020076 U KR 2019950020076U KR 19950020076 U KR19950020076 U KR 19950020076U KR 0134811 Y1 KR0134811 Y1 KR 0134811Y1
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optical black
black region
ccd
state image
solid state
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KR2019950020076U
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KR970011228U (en
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윤성혁
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문정환
엘지반도체주식회사
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • H01L27/148Charge coupled imagers
    • H01L27/14806Structural or functional details thereof
    • H01L27/14812Special geometry or disposition of pixel-elements, address lines or gate-electrodes
    • H01L27/14818Optical shielding

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
  • Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)

Abstract

본 고안은 고체촬상소자에 관한 것으로, 정확한 암신호 측정해내기 위한 것이다. 본 고안은 포토다이오드와 CCD로 구성된 수광부와, 상기 수광부에 인접하여 위치하며 포토다이오드와 CCD로 이루어진 제1광학적 흑영역과 상기 제1광학적 흑영역과 인접하여 위치하며 CCD만으로 이루어진 제2광학적 흑영역의 조합으로 구성되며 금속막에 의해 차광된 광학적 흑영역을 구비하여 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 고체촬상소자를 제공한다.The present invention relates to a solid state image pickup device, and to measure accurate dark signals. The present invention provides a light receiving portion composed of a photodiode and a CCD, and a first optical black region comprising a photodiode and a CCD and adjacent to the first optical black region, the second optical black region comprising only a CCD. It provides a solid-state image pickup device, characterized in that the combination is composed of an optical black region shielded by a metal film.

Description

고체촬상소자Solid state imaging device

제1도는 종래의 고체촬상소자의 평면구조도.1 is a plan view of a conventional solid state image pickup device.

제2도는 본 고안에 의한 고체촬상소자의 평면구조도.2 is a plan view of a solid state image pickup device according to the present invention.

제3도는 종래의 고체촬상소자의 각 영역에 따른 출력신호 개략도.3 is a schematic diagram of an output signal according to each area of a conventional solid state image pickup device.

제4도는 본 고안에 의한 종래의 고체촬상소자의 각 영역에 따른 출력신호 개략도.Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the output signal according to each area of the conventional solid-state image pickup device according to the present invention.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1 : VCCD 2 : 포토다이오드1: VCCD 2: Photodiode

3 : HCCD 4 : 출력회로3: HCCD 4: output circuit

5 : 제1광학적 흑영역 7 : 제2광학적 흑영역5: first optical black region 7: second optical black region

8 : 제1광학적 흑영역의 출력신호 9 : 수광부의 신호8: output signal of the first optical black region 9: signal of the light receiving portion

10 : 제2광학적 흑영역의 출력신호10: output signal of the second optical black region

본 고안은 고체촬상소자(CCD ; Charge Coupled Device)에 관한 것으로, 특히 소자의 평가와 응용에 적당하도록 한 고체촬상소자의 화소 구성에 관한 것이다. 종래의 고체촬상소자의 화소 구성은 제1도에 도시된 바와 같다. 수광부는 포토다이오드(2)와 수직 CCD(VCCD ; Vertical CCD)(1) 및 수평 CCD(HCCD ; Horizontal CCD)(3)로 구성되어 있고, 광학적 흑(黑)영역(5)은 포토다이오드(2)와 수직 CCD(1) 및 수평 CCD(3)로 구성됨과 동시에 금속막에 의해 차광되어 있다. 이와 같이 구성되는 고체촬상소자는 수직 전송 클럭(V1, V2, V3, V4)과 수평 전송 클럭(H1, H2) 및 리셋 게이트에 의해 동작하여 제1도의 화살표 방향으로 전하가 전송되어 출력회로(4)로부터 신호를 읽어 낸다. 고체촬상소자에서 암신호(Dark signal)(Vdark) 는 기준 신호로 사용되므로 이의 정확한 평가가 필수적이다. 암신호는 고체촬상소자의 특성 저하에 기여도가 높은 화이트 디펙트(white defect)를 평가하는 기준이 되므로 정확한 암신호를 측정하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이상적인 경우, 어두운 상태에서는 광학적 흑영역의 암신호(VOPB)와 활성영역의 암신호(Vactive)가 같아야 하지만 실제로는 결함(defect) 및 노이즈에 의해 그렇지 못하다. 따라서 소자의 평가시에는 더미 클럭(Dummy Clock)을 두어 그 부분의 신호값을 기준 값으로 하여 암신호를 구한다(Vdark= Vactive- VDC). 제3도에 종래의 고체촬상소자의 화소 배열과 각 영역에 따른 출력신호의 개략도를 나타내었다. 도시된 바와 같이 수광부 주위에 광학적 흑영역(5)이 위치하며, 수광부의 출력신호(9)가 광학적 흑영역(5)의 출력신호(8)보다 크다. 실제 소자 응용시, 즉, 빛의 조사가 있는 경우에도 외부 노이즈에 의해 광학적 흑영역의 암신호가 높은 소자, 전하전송효율이 나쁜 소자의 경우, 후반부 광학적 흑영역에 영향을 끼치므로 기존의 광학적 흑영역은 소자의 평가에 적당하지 않다. 본 고안은 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로, 정확한 암신호 측정을 할 수 있는 광학적 흑영역 구조를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 고안의 고체촬상소자는 포토다이오드와 CCD로 구성된 수광부와, 상기 수광부에 인접하여 위치하며 포토다이오드와 CCD로 이루어진 제1광학적 흑영역과 상기 제1광학적 흑영역과 인접하여 위치하며 CCD만으로 이루어진 제2광학적 흑영역의 조합으로 구성되며 금속막에 의해 차광된 광학적 흑영역을 구비하여 구성된다. 이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 고안을 상세히 설명한다. 제2도에 본 고안에 의한 고체촬상소자의 평면구조도를 도시하였다. 본 고안에 의한 고체촬상소자의 화소 구조는 제2도에 도시된 바와 같이 수광부는 포토다이오드(2)와 VCCD(1) 및 HCCD로 구성되고, 광학적 흑영역은 제1영역(5)과 제2영역(7)으로 구성되는바, 제1광학적 흑영역(5)은 수광부에 인접한 부분에 위치하며 포토다이오드(2)와 VCCD(1) 및 HCCD(3)로 이루어지고, 제2광학적 흑영역(7)은 제1광학적 흑영역(5)과 인접한 영역에 위치하며 VCCD(1)와 HCCD(3)의 CCD영역만으로 이루어진다. 이와 같이 본 고안에 의한 광학적 흑영역은 포토다이오드와 CCD로 구성된 부분과 CCD만으로 구성된 부분의 조합으로 이루어지며, 금속에 의해 차광되어 있다. 본 고안에 의한 광학적 흑영역 구조를 적용한 고체촬상소자의 각 영역에 따른 출력신호는 제4도에 도시된바와 같다. 포토다이오드와 CCD로 구성된 제1광학적 흑영역의 출력신호(8)보다 CCD만으로 구성된 제2광학적 흑영역의 출력신호(10)가 낮은데, 이는 제2광학적 흑영역의 포토다이오드 부분이 생략되어 있기 때문이다. 고체촬상소자의 암신호 VCCD 암신호와 포토다이오드 암신호의 합으로 이루어지므로 고체촬상소자의 정확한 평가를 위해서는 이것의 구분이 필요하다. 본 고안의 광학적 흑영역을 상기한 바와같이 CCD만으로 구성된 부분과 포토다이오드와 CCD로 구성된 부분의 조합으로 구성함으로써 VCCD암신호와 포토다이오드 암신호의 구분을 명확하게 할 수 있다. 제4도의 CCD만으로 구성된 제2광학적 흑영역(7)의 출력신호(10)는 기존의 광학적 흑영역의 신호와 달리 포토다이오드 부분이 생략되어 있어 CCD의 기준 신호를 평가하는데 중요한 요소가 된다. 제4도의 참조부호 9는 수광부의 출력신호를 나타낸다. 상기와 같이 VCCD와 포토다이오드의 신호를 구분하여 알 수 있으므로 소자의 정확한 평가가 용이하게 되고, CCD만으로 구성된 제2광학적 흑영역(7)의 신호를 평가의 기준값으로 사용하므로 가상의 영역 설정에서 오는 왜곡을 방지할 수 있으며, 소자 자체의 신호를 사용하므로 더미 클럭 설정이 필요없게 된다. 이상 상술한 바와 같이 본 고안에 의하면, 고체촬상소자의 특성 저하에 기여도가 높은 화이트 디펙트를 평가하는 기준이 되는 암신호를 정확하게 측정할 수 있다.The present invention relates to a charge coupled device (CCD), and more particularly, to a pixel configuration of a solid state imaging device suitable for evaluation and application of the device. The pixel configuration of a conventional solid state image pickup device is as shown in FIG. The light receiving portion is composed of a photodiode 2, a vertical CCD (VCCD) 1 and a horizontal CCD (HCCD) 3, and the optical black region 5 is a photodiode 2 ) And a vertical CCD 1 and a horizontal CCD 3, and are shielded by a metal film. The solid state image pickup device configured as described above is operated by the vertical transfer clocks V1, V2, V3, and V4, the horizontal transfer clocks H1 and H2, and the reset gate to transfer charge in the direction of the arrow in FIG. Read the signal from). In the solid state image pickup device, a dark signal (V dark ) is used as a reference signal, so an accurate evaluation thereof is essential. Since the dark signal serves as a criterion for evaluating white defects that contribute to the deterioration of the solid state image pickup device, it is very important to accurately measure the dark signal. Ideally, in the dark state, the dark signal V OPB of the optical black region and the dark signal V active of the active region should be the same, but in reality, this is not the case due to defects and noise. Therefore, when evaluating the device, a dummy clock is provided and a dark signal is obtained based on the signal value of the part (V dark = V active -V DC) . FIG. 3 shows a pixel arrangement of a conventional solid state image pickup device and a schematic diagram of an output signal according to each area. As shown, the optical black region 5 is located around the light receiving portion, and the output signal 9 of the light receiving portion is larger than the output signal 8 of the optical black region 5. In the actual device application, that is, a device having a high dark signal in the optical black region due to external noise even when there is light irradiation, and a device having a poor charge transfer efficiency, affects the latter optical black region in the conventional optical black region. The area is not suitable for evaluation of the device. The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an optical black region structure capable of accurate dark signal measurement. The solid-state imaging device of the present invention for achieving the above object is a light receiving portion consisting of a photodiode and a CCD, and is located adjacent to the light receiving portion, and adjacent to the first optical black region and the first optical black region, the photodiode and CCD It is composed of a combination of a second optical black region consisting of only the CCD and the optical black region shielded by the metal film. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 2 is a plan view of the solid state image pickup device according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the pixel structure of the solid state image pickup device according to the present invention includes a photodiode 2, a VCCD 1, and an HCCD, and the optical black region includes the first region 5 and the second region. The first optical black region 5 is composed of a region 7 and is located at a portion adjacent to the light receiving portion, and includes a photodiode 2, a VCCD 1, and an HCCD 3, and a second optical black region ( 7) is located in the region adjacent to the first optical black region 5 and consists only of the CCD regions of the VCCD 1 and the HCCD 3. As described above, the optical black region according to the present invention is composed of a combination of a photodiode, a CCD, and a CCD, and is shielded by metal. The output signal of each region of the solid state image pickup device employing the optical black region structure according to the present invention is as shown in FIG. The output signal 10 of the second optical black region composed only of the CCD is lower than the output signal 8 of the first optical black region composed of the photodiode and CCD because the photodiode portion of the second optical black region is omitted. to be. Since the dark signal of the solid state image pickup device is made up of the sum of the VCCD dark signal and the photodiode dark signal, this classification is necessary for accurate evaluation of the solid state image pickup device. As described above, the optical black region of the present invention is constituted by a combination of a portion composed only of a CCD and a portion composed of a photodiode and a CCD, thereby making it possible to clarify the distinction between the VCCD female signal and the photodiode female signal. The output signal 10 of the second optical black region 7 composed of only the CCD of FIG. 4 is omitted from the photodiode portion, unlike the conventional optical black region signal, which is an important factor in evaluating the reference signal of the CCD. Reference numeral 9 in FIG. 4 denotes an output signal of the light receiver. Since the signals of the VCCD and the photodiode can be distinguished as described above, accurate evaluation of the device is facilitated, and the signal of the second optical black region 7 composed only of the CCD is used as a reference value for evaluation. Distortion can be avoided, and the device's own signal eliminates the need for a dummy clock setting. As described above, according to the present invention, the dark signal serving as a criterion for evaluating the white defect having a high contribution to the deterioration of the characteristics of the solid state image pickup device can be accurately measured.

Claims (1)

포토다이오드 와 CCD로 구성된 수광부와, 상기 수광부에 인접하여 위치하며 포토다이오드와 CCD로 이루어진 제1광학적 흑영역과 상기 제1광학적 흑영역과 인접하여 위치하며 CCD만으로 이루어진 제2광학적 흑영역의 조합으로 구성되며 금속막에 의해 차광된 광학적 흑영역을 구비하여 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 고체촬상소자.A light-receiving portion composed of a photodiode and a CCD, and a first optical black region formed adjacent to the light-receiving portion and positioned adjacent to the first optical black region and positioned adjacent to the first optical black region, And an optical black region shielded by a metal film.
KR2019950020076U 1995-08-03 1995-08-03 Solid state image sensor KR0134811Y1 (en)

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JP3887878B2 (en) * 1997-06-03 2007-02-28 ソニー株式会社 Method and apparatus for measuring dark signal level of solid-state imaging device
KR100399938B1 (en) * 2001-11-19 2003-09-29 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 Image sensor for measuring the dark signal

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