KR0121298Y1 - Buffer device of percussion boring tool - Google Patents

Buffer device of percussion boring tool Download PDF

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Publication number
KR0121298Y1
KR0121298Y1 KR2019950014955U KR19950014955U KR0121298Y1 KR 0121298 Y1 KR0121298 Y1 KR 0121298Y1 KR 2019950014955 U KR2019950014955 U KR 2019950014955U KR 19950014955 U KR19950014955 U KR 19950014955U KR 0121298 Y1 KR0121298 Y1 KR 0121298Y1
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
impact
absorbing member
movement tool
impact movement
support bracket
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KR2019950014955U
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Korean (ko)
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KR970002112U (en
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조병봉
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박주탁
주식회사수산중공업
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Priority to KR2019950014955U priority Critical patent/KR0121298Y1/en
Publication of KR970002112U publication Critical patent/KR970002112U/en
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Publication of KR0121298Y1 publication Critical patent/KR0121298Y1/en

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/96Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
    • E02F3/966Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements of hammer-type tools
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/008Reduction of noise or vibration

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

본 고안은 단단한 암석의 분쇄 및 철근구조물을 해체하는 데 사용하고 특히 충격운동공구를 지지하는 지지브라켓(1)(11)을 상·하부분리형으로 하여 조립분해가 용이한 충격운동공구의 완충장치에 있어서, 충격운동공구(9)의 상·측면상의 상하 분리 및 진동발생원의 최접 위치에 밀착키 방식의 소프트한 점탄성 재질인 상·측면 충격흡수부재들(21)(7)를 설치하고 외력에 의한 충격운동공구(9)의 상하, 좌우의 움직임을 방지코자 충격흡수부재 고정용 클램프(10)를 구비하여 구성한 충격운동공구의 완충장치로서 암석분쇄 및 파괴작업시 발생되는 소음 및 진동을 감쇠하여 환경공해를 예방하고, 상기 충격운동공구(8)를 감싸는 구조물의 수명을 연장할 수 있으며, 구조가 간단하고 부피가 적은 클램프(10)를 사용하여 상기 구조물의 면적을 줄일 수 있고 생산공정의 단순화에 따른 생산단가를 절감할 수 있으며 현장에서의 조립분해가 용이한 특징이 있다.The present invention is used to crush hard rock and dismantle reinforcing steel structures, and to support shock absorbers of impact motion tools, which are easy to assemble and disassemble, especially with support brackets (1) and (11) for supporting impact motion tools. In the upper and the side of the impact movement tool 9, the upper and the side impact absorbing members 21, 7 which are soft viscoelastic materials are installed at the closest positions of the upper and lower sides and the vibration source. It is a shock absorber of the impact movement tool configured to prevent the movement of the impact movement tool 9 up, down, left and right, and the shock absorbing member fixing clamp 10, which attenuates the noise and vibration generated during rock grinding and destruction work. Prevent pollution and extend the life of the structure surrounding the impact movement tool (8), the structure of the structure can be reduced and produced by using a simple structure and a small volume clamp 10 To reduce the manufacturing cost according to the definition and simplify the assembly is characterized by the breakdown of the field easily.

Description

충격운동공구의 완충장치Shock Absorber of Impact Tool

제1도 (a)(b)는 본 고안중 클램프부착상태 측면도와 정면도.Figure 1 (a) (b) is a side view and front view of the clamp attached state of the present invention.

제2도 (a)(b)는 본 고안중 상·측면 충격흡수부재 부착상태 측면도와 정면도.Figure 2 (a) (b) is a side and front view of the upper and side impact absorbing member attached state of the present invention.

제3도 (a)(b)는 본 고안에 따른 충격운동공구의 완충장치의 측면도와 단면도.Figure 3 (a) (b) is a side view and a cross-sectional view of the shock absorber of the impact tool according to the present invention.

제4도는 본 고안 중 클램프의 사시도.4 is a perspective view of the clamp of the present invention.

제5도는 본 고안 중 측면 충격흡수부재와 충격운동공구의 분해사시도.5 is an exploded perspective view of the side impact absorbing member and the impact movement tool of the present invention.

제6도는 종래의 충격운동공구를 지지브라켓에 장착한 상태도.6 is a state in which a conventional impact movement tool is mounted on a support bracket.

*도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

7:측면충격흡수부재 9,69:충격운동공구7: side impact absorbing member 9,69: impact tool

11,1:상하부지지브라켓 10:충격흡수부재고정클램프11, 1: Upper and lower support bracket 10: Shock absorbing member fixing clamp

18:삽입요홈 19:타격로드18: Insertion groove 19: Strike rod

21상면충격흡수부재21 Top Shock Absorption Member

본 고안은 충격운동공구의 완충장치에 관한 것으로서 특히 철근구조물 파쇄현장이나 토건현장에서 유압이나 공압을 이용한 실린더내의 피스톤의 왕복운동에 의해 타격로드가 상하로 왕복운동하여 파쇄대상물에 강한 충격에너지를 전달함으로써 단단한 암석의 분쇄 및 철근구조물을 해체하는데 사용하는 충격운동공구의 완충장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a shock absorber of the impact movement tool. Especially, the impact rod is reciprocated up and down by the reciprocating movement of a piston in a cylinder using hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a reinforcing structure fracture site or a construction site to deliver strong impact energy to the fracture object. The present invention relates to a cushioning device for impact movement tools used to crush hard rock and dismantle reinforcing steel structures.

종래에는 충격운동공구의 조립형태가 제6도에서 참조되는 바와 같이 충격운동공구(69)와 한쌍의 지지브라켓(61) 사이에 한쌍의 금속고정판(62)을 개재하고 상기 금속고정판들의 돌출부(621)를 충격운동공구(69)의 홈부(691)에 삽착하며 체결볼트들(64)로 상기 지지브라켓(61)과 금속고정판(62) 및 충격운동공구(69)를 고정함으로써 구성되었는데, 상기 충격운동공구(9)의 타격로드(19)가 피스톤의 힘을 전달받아 암석 또는 파쇄대상물을 타격시 강한 반발력과 작업자의 불규칙한 위치에서의 작업에 의해서 상기 충격운동공구(69)가 상하 및 좌우로 심하게 진동하고 이 진동을 상기 금속 고정판(62)을 통해 전달받은 지지브라켓들(61)은 심한 소음과 함께 방사진동을 발생하여 작업자의 피로감 및 환경소음을 야기하였으며 특히 지지브라켓들(61)의 심한 진동은 상기 체결볼트(64)에 반복충격하중 및 피로진동에 의한 많은 결손을 가져다 줌으로써 충격운동공구 조립체의 수명을 단축시키는 요인이 되었으며 상기 지지브라켓들(61)은 축방향으로 긴 단일부재로 되어 충격운동공구(69)의 착탈시에 적어도 동 지지브라켓들(61)의 축방향길이 만큼의 조립행정을 가져야 했기 때문에 그만큼 크레인 등의 설치공간을 더욱 많이 필요로 하는 단점이 있었기 때문에 본원출원인이 1995. 5. 4.자 95-9497호로 선출원한 충격운동공구(69)의 완충장치에서는 상기 조립행정의 길이를 짧게 하기 위해 지지브라켓을 상·하부분리형으로 하여 상호 착탈이 자유로이 조립할 수 있게 하였고 충격운동공구의 방사진동에 따른 소음 및 충격을 완화하게 위해 상기 충격운동공구의 케이싱 외측면상에 좌우면 플레이트들 및 십자형 플레이트들을 입설하고 상기 좌우면 플레이트들의 상하면 및 상기 십자형 플레이트들의 돌출부에 완충고무들을 설치하고 타격로드의 외주면에 탄성고무링을 삽착하였으나 상기 완충고무들을 설치하기 위하여 지지브라켓과 하우징 사이에 상기 좌우면 플레이트들 및 십자형 플레이트를 따로 설치함으로써 충격운동공구를 감싸는 구조물의 면적이 증가하였고 구조물의 제작이 용이하지 않아 생산원가의 상승요인이 되었다.Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 6, an assembly form of the impact movement tool is provided between the impact movement tool 69 and the pair of support brackets 61, and the projections 621 of the metal fixing plates are interposed therebetween. ) Is inserted into the groove 691 of the impact movement tool 69 and is fixed by fastening the support bracket 61 and the metal fixing plate 62 and the impact movement tool 69 with the fastening bolts 64. When the striking rod 19 of the movement tool 9 receives the force of the piston, the impact movement tool 69 is severely moved up and down and left and right by a strong repulsive force and an operation at an irregular position of the worker when striking a rock or a crushed object. The support brackets 61, which vibrated and received this vibration through the metal fixing plate 62, generated anti-gravity movements with severe noise, causing worker fatigue and environmental noise. Particularly, the support brackets 61 vibrated severely. Silver sieve By bringing a lot of defects due to repeated impact load and fatigue vibration in the bolt bolt 64, it was a factor to shorten the life of the impact tool assembly and the support bracket 61 is a single member long in the axial direction impact tool At the time of attachment and detachment of (69), at least as much as the axial length of the support brackets 61 had to have an assembly stroke. 4. In the shock absorber of the impact motion tool 69, which was filed by the ruler 95-9497, the support brackets were formed in the upper and lower parts in order to shorten the length of the assembly stroke so that the detachable parts could be freely assembled and the radiation of the impact motion tool was released. In order to alleviate the noise and impact caused by the vibration, left and right plates and cross plates are placed on the outer surface of the casing of the impact movement tool. The upper and lower surfaces of the left and right plates and the protrusions of the cross plate are installed with rubber buffers and an elastic rubber ring is inserted into the outer circumferential surface of the striking rod, but the left and right plates and the cross plate between the support bracket and the housing to install the buffer rubbers. By separately installing, the area of the structure enveloping the impact movement tool was increased and the production cost was increased because the structure was not easy to manufacture.

본원고안은 상기한 바와 같은 문제점을 보완하고자 한쌍의 고정용클램프와 점탄성 재질의 충격흡수부재들을 충격운동공구 및 상하부 지지브라켓에 직접 부착하여 고안한 것으로서 이를 첨부도면에 따라 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.The present application was devised by directly attaching a pair of fixing clamps and shock absorbing members made of viscoelastic material to the impact movement tool and the upper and lower support brackets to solve the problems as described above.

본 고안의 충격운동공구용 완충장치는 제1도에서 참조되는 바와 같이 밀폐형의 수평플레이트(11-1)와 중앙에 개구부를 형성한 수평츨레이트를 상하부에 각각 부착하고 내부를 통공으로 한 상부지지브라켓(11)과, 상기 상부지지브라켓(11)의 수평플레이트들(11-1)(11-2)에 대응하는 수평플레이트들(1-1)(1-2)을 상하면에 부착하고 내부를 통공으로 하여 상면이 상기 상부지지브라켓(11)의 하면과 착탈이 가능하게 볼트들(13-1)(13-2)과 너트들(12-1)(12-2)로 결합한 하부지지브라켓(1)과, 내측 하부에 왕복운동이 가능한 타격로드(19)를 구비하고 외측부를 케이싱(9-1)으로 보지하여 상기 상·하부 지지브라켓(11)(1) 내에 장착한 충격운동공구(9)와, 상기 타격로드(19)의 외주면에 감입한 후 막음플레이트(18)를 사용하여 고정한 완충고무링(8)을 구비하여 이루어진 충격운동공구의 완충장치에 있어서, 제1도와 제4도에서 참조되는 바와같이 상부에 상기 볼트들(13-1)에 대응하는 볼트공들(10-1)을 천설한 플레이트(10-2)를 형성하고 하부에 밀착요구(10-3)를 요설하며 상기 상하부 지지브라켓(11)(1)의 연결부에 위치한 상하 수평 플레이트들(1-1)(1-2)과 함께 상기 볼트들(13-1)과 너트들(12-1)을 체결하여 고정한 한쌍의 충격흡수부재 고정클램프(10)와, 제2도 내지 제3도와 제5도에서 참조되는 바와 같이 측부에 형성한 돌출부(24)를 상기 충격운동공구(9)의 외측부 양측에 형성한 삽입요홈(18) 내에 삽착하고 상면 및 측면 일부를 상기 충격흡수부재 고정용 클램프들(10)의 밀착요구(19-3)내에 긴밀히 밀착하여 고정한 측면 충격흡수배재(7) 및 상기 충격운동공구(9)의 상면에 안착하고 상면이 상부지지브라켓(11)의 상부플레이트(11-1) 상면과 당접하여 고정한 상면 충격흡수부재(21)를 구비하여 이루어지는데 상기 상면충격흡수부재(21)의 재질은 점탄성의 경화수지, 경화나일론 또는 우레탄 등으로 하고, 제5도에서 참조되는 바와 같이 상기 측면 충격 흡수부재(7)는 상기 돌출부(24)를 포함하고 스틸을 재질로 하는 내편(7-1)과, 점탄성의 경화수지, 경화나일론 또는 우레탄을 재질로 하고 상기 내편(7-1)과 용융결합되는 외편(7-2)으로 하여 구성한다. 이상과 같이 구성되는 본 고안의 작용효과를 설명하면 다음과 같다.The shock absorber for the impact movement tool of the present invention attaches a horizontal horizontal plate 11-1 of closed type and a horizontal crate having an opening in the center to the upper and lower portions, respectively, as referred to in FIG. Attach the bracket 11 and the horizontal plates 1-1 and 1-2 corresponding to the horizontal plates 11-1 and 11-2 of the upper support bracket 11 to the upper and lower surfaces thereof, The lower support bracket coupled with the bolts 13-1, 13-2 and nuts 12-1, 12-2 so that the upper surface is detachable with the lower surface of the upper support bracket 11 through the through hole 1) and an impact movement tool (9) having a striking rod (19) capable of reciprocating motion in the lower portion of the inner side and holding the outer portion as a casing (9-1) and mounted in the upper and lower support brackets (11) (1). ) And a shock motion ball having a buffer rubber ring 8 fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the hitting rod 19 and fixed using a blocking plate 18. In the shock absorber of Fig. 1, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, the plate 10-2 on which the bolt holes 10-1 corresponding to the bolts 13-1 are formed is formed. The bolts 13-1 together with the upper and lower horizontal plates 1-1 and 1-2 positioned at the connection portions of the upper and lower support brackets 11 and 1, insisting a close contact 10-3 on the lower portion. And the pair of shock absorbing member fixing clamps 10 which are fixed by fastening the nut 12-1 and the protrusions 24 formed on the side as referred to in FIGS. 2 to 3 and 5. Side impacts which are inserted into the insertion recesses 18 formed on both sides of the outer side of the exercise tool 9, and the upper surface and a part of the side surface are closely adhered to and fixed in the close contact 19-3 of the clamps 10 for fixing the shock absorbing member. It is seated on the upper surface of the absorbent discharge material (7) and the impact movement tool (9) and the upper surface is in contact with the upper surface of the upper plate (11-1) of the upper support bracket (11) The upper shock absorbing member 21 is fixed. The upper shock absorbing member 21 is made of viscoelastic hardening resin, hardened nylon or urethane, and the side shock absorbing member as referred to in FIG. 7 is an inner piece 7-1 including the protruding portion 24 and made of steel, and an outer piece made of viscoelastic hardening resin, hardened nylon or urethane, and melt-bonded with the inner piece 7-1. It consists of (7-2). Referring to the effect of the present invention is configured as described above are as follows.

상기 측면충격흡수부재의 돌출부(24)를 스틸로 하여 충격운동공구의 삽입요홈(18)에 결합시 밀착키의 역할을 하여 결속을 강화하고, 하부 지지브라켓(1)의 내면과 당접하는 상기 외편(7-2)은 점탄성 재질로 하여 타격로드(19)의 파쇄대상물의 파쇄작업시 발행하는 심한 소음 및 진동이 상기 상하 지지브라켓(11)(1)으로 전달되는 것을 방지하며, 상기 상면 충격흡수부재(21)가 상기 파쇄작업시 타격로드(19)에 가해지는 수직반발력을 흡수함으로써 상기 충격운동공구(9)의 상승력을 멈추게 함과 동시에 상하 지지브라켓(11)(1)으로 전파되는 방사진동 및 방사소음을 흡수하며, 상기 충격흡수부재고정용 클램프(10)를 이용하여 상기 측면 충격(7) 흡수부재(7)를 에워싸므로써 상기 타격로드(19)에 의해 가해지는 수직·수평력에 위한 측면충격흡수부재(7)의 전후좌우로의 움직임을 방지하게 된다.The outer side contacting with the inner surface of the lower support bracket (1) to strengthen the binding by acting as a close key when engaging the insertion groove (18) of the impact movement tool by using the protrusion 24 of the side shock absorbing member made of steel (7-2) is made of a viscoelastic material to prevent the severe noise and vibration issued during the crushing operation of the crushing object of the striking rod 19 to the upper and lower support brackets (11) (1), the upper surface shock absorption The member 21 absorbs the vertical repulsive force applied to the striking rod 19 during the crushing operation to stop the upward force of the impact movement tool 9 and at the same time propagate to the upper and lower support brackets 11 and 1. And absorbs radiation noise and surrounds the lateral shock (7) absorbing member (7) by using the clamp for clamping the shock absorbing member (10) for the vertical and horizontal forces applied by the striking rod (19). Front, rear, left and right of the side shock absorbing member (7) Thereby preventing the movement.

따라서 암석분쇄 및 파괴작업시 발생되는 소음 및 진동을 감쇠하여 환경공해를 예방하고 상기 충격운동공구(9)를 감싸는 구조물의 수명을 연장할 수 있으며 구조가 간단하고 부피가 적은 클램프(10)를 사용하여 상기 구조물의 면적을 줄일 수 있고 생산공정의 단순화에 따른 생산단가를 절감할 수 있으며 작업현장에서의 조립분해가 용이한 효과도 있다.Therefore, by attenuating noise and vibration generated during rock grinding and breaking operations, it is possible to prevent environmental pollution and to extend the life of the structure surrounding the impact movement tool 9 and to use the clamp 10 having a simple structure and a small volume. It is possible to reduce the area of the structure and to reduce the production cost according to the simplification of the production process, there is also an effect of easy assembly and disassembly in the workplace.

Claims (3)

밀폐형이 수평플레이트(11-1)와 중앙에 개구부를 형성한 수평플레이트(11-2)를 상하부에 각각 부착하고 내부를 통공으로 한 상부지지브라켓(11)과, 상기 상부지지브라켓(11)의 수평플레이트들(11-1)(11-2)에 대응하는 수평플레이트들(1-1)(1-2)을 상하면에 부착하고 내부를 통공으로 하여 상면이 상기 상부 지지브라켓(11)와 하면과 착탈이 가능하게 볼트들(13-1)(13-2)과 너트들(12-1)(12-2)로 결합한 하부지지브라켓(1)과, 내측하부에 왕복운동이 가능한 타격로드(19)를 구비하고 외측부를 케이싱(9-1)으로 보지하여 상기 상·하부지지브라켓(11)(1)내에 장착한 충격운동공구(9)와, 상기 타격로드(19)의 외주면에 감입한 후 막음플레이트(19)를 사용하여 고정한 완충고무링(8)을 구비하여 이루어진 충격운동공구의 완충장치에 있어서, 상부에 상기 볼트들(13-1)에 대응하는 볼트공들(10-1)을 천설한 플레이트(10-2)를 형성하고 하부에 밀착요구(10-3)를 요설하며 상기 상하부 지지브라켓(11)(1)의 연결부에 위치한 상기 상하 수평플레이트들(1-1)(1102)과 함께 상기 볼트들(13-1)과 너트들(12-1)을 체결하여 고정한 한쌍의 충격흡수부재 고정클램프(10)와, 측부에 형성한 돌출부(24)를 상기 충격운동공구(9)의 외측부 양측에 형성한 삽입요홈(18) 내에 삽착하고 상면 및 측면일부를 상기 충격흡수부재 고정용클램프들(10)의 밀착요구(10-3)내에 긴밀히 밀착하여 고정한 측면 충격흡수부재(7) 및 상기 충격운동공구(9)의 상면에 안착하고 상면이 상부지지브라켓(11)의 상부플레이트(11-1) 상면과 당접하여 고정한 상면충격 흡수부재(21)를 구비하여 이루어짐을 특징으로 하는 충격운동공구의 완충장치.The upper support bracket 11 and the upper support bracket 11 having a sealed type are attached to the upper and lower portions of the horizontal plate 11-1 and the horizontal plate 11-2 having an opening at the center thereof, respectively. Horizontal plates (1-1) (1-2) corresponding to the horizontal plates (11-1) (11-2) are attached to the upper and lower surfaces, and the upper surface is the lower surface and the upper support bracket (11) with the through hole inside. And a lower support bracket 1 coupled with bolts 13-1, 13-2 and nuts 12-1, 12-2 so that attachment and detachment are possible, and a blow rod capable of reciprocating in the inner lower portion ( 19) and the outer side is held by the casing 9-1, and the impact movement tool 9 mounted in the upper and lower support brackets 11 and 1 and the outer periphery of the striking rod 19 are inserted. In the shock absorber of the impact movement tool comprising a cushioning rubber ring (8) fixed by using a blocking plate (19), a bolt corresponding to the bolts (13-1) at the top Forming the plate 10-2 on which the field 10-1 is laid, and the upper and lower horizontal plates positioned at the connection portion of the upper and lower support brackets 11 and 1, forming a close contact 10-3 at the bottom thereof. 1-1 and 1102 together with the bolts 13-1 and the nuts 12-1, a pair of shock absorbing member fixing clamps 10 and the protrusions 24 formed on the side Inserted into the insertion groove (18) formed on both sides of the outer side of the impact movement tool (9), and the upper and side portions of the impact absorbing member fixing clamps (10) in close contact with the tightly fixed (10-3) A top shock absorbing member 21 seated on a top surface of the side impact absorbing member 7 and the impact movement tool 9 and fixed to the top surface of the upper plate 11-1 of the upper support bracket 11 and fixed thereto. Shock absorber of the impact movement tool, characterized in that made by. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 상면 충격흡수부재(21)의 재질은 점탄성의 경화수지, 경화나일론 또는 우레탄 등으로 구성함을 특징으로 하는 충격운동공구의 완충장치.The shock absorber of claim 1, wherein the upper shock absorbing member (21) is made of a viscoelastic hardening resin, hardened nylon, urethane, or the like. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 측면 충격흡수부재(7)는 상기 돌출부(24)를 포함하고 스틸을 재질로 하는 내편(7-1)과, 점탄성의 경화수지, 경화나일론 또는 우레탄을 재질로 하고 내편(7-)과 용융결합되는 외편(7-2)으로 구성함을 특징으로 하는 충격운동공구의 완충장치.2. The side impact absorbing member (7) according to claim 1, wherein the side impact absorbing member (7) comprises the inner portion (7-1) made of steel and the viscoelastic hardening resin, hardened nylon, or urethane including the protruding portion (24). Shock absorber of the impact movement tool, characterized in that consisting of (7-) and the outer piece (7-2) that is melt-bonded.
KR2019950014955U 1995-06-28 1995-06-28 Buffer device of percussion boring tool KR0121298Y1 (en)

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