JPWO2020028485A5 - - Google Patents

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JPWO2020028485A5
JPWO2020028485A5 JP2021505253A JP2021505253A JPWO2020028485A5 JP WO2020028485 A5 JPWO2020028485 A5 JP WO2020028485A5 JP 2021505253 A JP2021505253 A JP 2021505253A JP 2021505253 A JP2021505253 A JP 2021505253A JP WO2020028485 A5 JPWO2020028485 A5 JP WO2020028485A5
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cells
battery
battery management
management system
discharge
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Priority claimed from PCT/US2019/044330 external-priority patent/WO2020028485A1/en
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また、他の実施形態は、２またはそれ以上のセルのセットを備える少なくとも１つのバッテリであって、それぞれのセルのセットは、１またはそれ以上のセルを備えるバッテリと、それぞれのセルのセットに接続された少なくとも１つのスイッチを備える統合スイッチ制御システムと、を備え、統合スイッチ制御システムは、少なくとも１つのスイッチを制御して負荷と負荷に現在接続されるセルのセットの間の接続期間と、接続において供給された放電容量と、１またはそれ以上のパラメータを有する関数の値と、の少なくとも１つに基づいてセルのセットを選択的に放電するように構成される、バッテリパックに関する。
Other embodiments also include at least one battery comprising two or more sets of cells, each set of cells comprising a battery comprising one or more cells; an integrated switch control system comprising at least one connected switch, the integrated switch control system controlling the at least one switch to establish a connection period between a load and a set of cells currently connected to the load; The present invention relates to a battery pack configured to selectively discharge a set of cells based on at least one of a discharge capacity provided at a connection and a value of a function having one or more parameters.

いくつかの他の実施形態は、少なくとも１つのバッテリの２またはそれ以上のセルのセットのそれぞれのセルのセットに接続された少なくとも１つのスイッチを備える統合スイッチ制御システムを用いて、少なくとも１つのスイッチを制御して、負荷と負荷に現在接続されるセルのセットの間の接続期間と、接続において供給された放電容量と、１またはそれ以上のパラメータを有する関数の値と、の少なくとも１つに基づいてセルのセットを選択的に放電するステップを備え、それぞれのセルのセットは、１またはそれ以上のセルを備えるバッテリパックの制御方法に関する。
Some other embodiments use an integrated switch control system that includes at least one switch connected to each set of cells of two or more cells of at least one battery. to control at least one of the duration of the connection between the load and the set of cells currently connected to the load, the discharge capacity provided at the connection, and the value of a function having one or more parameters. selectively discharging a set of cells based on the method, each set of cells being related to a method of controlling a battery pack comprising one or more cells.

発明者は、バッテリのサイクル寿命は、セルのサイクル及び様々な特性（例えば、負荷と負荷に現在接続されるセルまたは複数のセルの間の接続期間、または複数のパラメータを考慮するさらに複雑な関数）を監視すること及び「ラウンドロビン」のような多くの単純な選択プロセスに依存するまたは前の放電プロセスの数を考慮する、特に従来技術と比較して、この監視に基づいて放電するセルを選択することによってさらに改善されることを認識し、理解した。
The inventors believe that the cycle life of a battery is a more complex function that takes into account the cycles of the cells and various characteristics (e.g., the load and the connection duration between the cell or cells currently connected to the load, or multiple parameters). ) and rely on many simple selection processes like "round robin" or considering the number of previous discharge processes, especially compared to the prior art, which cells to discharge based on this monitoring. I realized and understood that I can improve even more by making choices.

代わりにまたはさらに、基準は、例えば次の負荷及び負荷に現在接続されるセルのセットの間の接続期間（いくつかの実施形態において少なくとも０．０１秒である）、接続において供給された放電容量、及び１またはそれ以上のパラメータを有する関数の値のいずれか１またはそれ以上を考慮することによってなど状況依存である。ある実施形態において、基準は、セルのセットの前の放電サイクルの数を含まない。
Alternatively or additionally, the criteria may be, for example, the connection duration (which is at least 0.01 seconds in some embodiments) between the next load and the set of cells currently connected to the load, the discharge capacity provided in the connection, , and by considering any one or more of the values of a function having one or more parameters. In some embodiments, the criteria does not include the number of previous discharge cycles for the set of cells.

いくつかの実施形態において、センサ（例えば１１６）は、基準及び／または関数のパラメータのいずれかを測定する。例えば、センサは、所定のセルのセットの電流のアンペアを測定する電流センサを含む。基準は、複数または単数であり、現在放電するセルのセットに関連する及び／または次のセルのセットを決定する。
In some embodiments, the sensor (eg, 116) measures any of the criteria and/or parameters of the function. For example, the sensor includes a current sensor that measures the amperage of current in a given set of cells. The criteria may be plural or singular and relate to the currently discharging set of cells and/or determine the next set of cells.

いくつかの実施形態において、スイッチ制御システム（例えば２１８）は、例えば以下図３Ａ及び３Ｂに関連してさらに記載されるスイッチのアレイなど、スイッチのアレイを含み、スイッチ制御システムはコントローラを含む。さらに、スイッチ制御システムは、上記図１に関して議論されるように、個々にそれぞれのセルのセット及び／またはバッテリのそれぞれのセルに接続される。いくつかの実施形態において、スイッチ制御システムは、バッテリパックに一体化される。さらに、スイッチ制御システムは、（例えばスイッチアレイで）スイッチを制御して、例えばセルまたはセルのセットと関連付けられる所定の順序で、順次的にセルまたはセルのセットを放電する。代わりにまたはさらに、スイッチ制御システムは、スイッチを制御して、次の負荷及び負荷に現在接続されるセルのセットの間の接続期間（いくつかの実施形態において少なくとも０．０１秒である）、接続において供給された放電容量。及び関数の値のいずれか１またはそれ以上に基づいてセルまたはセルのセットを放電する。ある実施形態において、制御ための基礎は、セルのセットの前の放電サイクルの数を含まなくてもよい。
In some embodiments, the switch control system (eg, 218) includes an array of switches, such as the array of switches described further in connection with FIGS. 3A and 3B below, and the switch control system includes a controller. Furthermore, the switch control system is individually connected to each set of cells and/or to each cell of a battery, as discussed with respect to FIG. 1 above. In some embodiments, the switch control system is integrated into the battery pack. Further, the switch control system controls the switches (eg, in a switch array) to sequentially discharge the cells or sets of cells, eg, in a predetermined order associated with the cells or sets of cells. Alternatively or additionally, the switch control system controls the switch to determine the duration of the connection between the next load and the set of cells currently connected to the load (which in some embodiments is at least 0.01 seconds); Discharge capacity supplied at the connection. and discharge the cell or set of cells based on one or more of the values of the function. In some embodiments, the basis for control may not include the number of previous discharge cycles for a set of cells.

例えば、センサ（例えば図１の１１６など）は、負荷と負荷に現在接続されたセルのセットの間の接続において供給された放電容量を測定する、またはセルのセットの電流を測定する。代わりにまたはさらに、センサは、次の：接続期間（いくつかの実施形態において、少なくとも０．０１秒である）、負荷とセルのセットの間の複数の接続にわたって蓄積された容量、セルのセット及び／または少なくとも１つの他のセルのセットの電圧、セルのセットのカットオフ放電電圧、セルのセットの電力と、セルのセットのエネルギ、セルのセットの充電または放電サイクルの数、セルのセットのインピーダンス、接続の間のセルのセットの電圧フェージングの速度、セルのセットの温度、セルのセットの圧力とのいずれかを測定する。
For example, a sensor (eg, 116 in FIG. 1) measures the discharge capacity provided in a connection between a load and a set of cells currently connected to the load, or measures the current in a set of cells. Alternatively or in addition, the sensor may measure the following: the duration of the connection (which in some embodiments is at least 0.01 seconds), the accumulated capacity over multiple connections between the load and the set of cells, the set of cells. and/or the voltage of at least one other set of cells, the cut-off discharge voltage of the set of cells, the power of the set of cells and the energy of the set of cells, the number of charge or discharge cycles of the set of cells, the set of cells. Measure either the impedance of the connection, the rate of voltage fading of the set of cells, the temperature of the set of cells, or the pressure of the set of cells.

いくつかの実施形態において、代表的なプロセス６００は、行為６３０を含み、スイッチは、一体化されたスイッチ制御システムを用いて、基準に基づいてバッテリパック（例えば２１０）のセル（例えば１２１Ａ－Ｃ）のセット（例えば１２１、１２２、１２３及び／または１２４）を放電するように制御される（例えば上記された１１４などのコントローラによって）。さらに、多重化スイッチ装置は、バッテリまたは複数のバッテリの２またはそれ以上のセルのセットと接続される。それぞれのセルのセットは、１またはそれ以上のセルを備える。いくつかの実施形態において、基準は、次の：負荷及び負荷に現在接続されるセルのセットの間の接続期間、接続において供給された放電容量、及び１またはそれ以上のパラメータを有する関数の値のいずれかを含む。
In some embodiments, the exemplary process 600 includes an act 630 in which a switch selects cells (e.g., 121A-C) of a battery pack (e.g., 210) based on criteria using an integrated switch control system. ) (eg, 121, 122, 123 and/or 124) (eg, by a controller such as 114 described above). Further, the multiplexing switch device is connected to a set of two or more cells of a battery or batteries. Each set of cells comprises one or more cells. In some embodiments, the criteria are: the duration of the connection between the load and the set of cells currently connected to the load, the discharge capacity provided in the connection, and the value of a function having one or more parameters. Contains any of the following.

Claims (43)

２またはそれ以上のセルのセットを備える少なくとも１つのバッテリであって、それぞれの前記セルのセットは、１またはそれ以上のセルを備える、バッテリと、
それぞれの前記セルのセットに接続された多重化スイッチ装置と、
前記多重化スイッチ装置を用いて少なくとも１つの基準に基づいて前記セルのセットを選択的に放電するように構成された少なくとも１つのコントローラと、を備え、
少なくとも１つの前記コントローラは、前記多重化スイッチ装置を用いて前記セルのセットを充電する第２の速度の少なくとも２倍である第１の速度で前記セルのセットを選択的に放電するように構成される、バッテリ管理システム。 at least one battery comprising a set of two or more cells, each set of cells comprising one or more cells;
a multiplexing switch device connected to each said set of cells;
at least one controller configured to selectively discharge the set of cells based on at least one criterion using the multiplexing switch device ;
At least one of the controllers is configured to selectively discharge the set of cells at a first rate that is at least twice the second rate of charging the set of cells using the multiplexing switch device. battery management system . 前記第１の速度は、前記第２の速度の４倍である、請求項１に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the first rate is four times the second rate. それぞれの前記セルのセットは、単一のセルを備える、請求項１又は２のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 3. A battery management system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein each set of cells comprises a single cell. 少なくとも１つの前記コントローラは、前記セルのセットの放電を一時的に重ねるように構成される、請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 4. A battery management system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one said controller is configured to temporally overlap the discharges of said set of cells. 少なくとも１つの前記コントローラは、異なるセットの間を切り替える間、前記セルのセットから電力を供給し続けるように構成される、請求項１乃至４のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 5. A battery management system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one said controller is configured to continue to provide power from said set of cells while switching between different sets. 少なくとも１つの前記基準は、前記セルのセットを放電する順序を含む、請求項１乃至５のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 6. A battery management system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the criteria includes an order for discharging the set of cells. 少なくとも１つの前記基準は、 At least one of said criteria is
負荷と前記負荷に現在接続されるセルのセットの間の接続期間と、 a connection period between a load and a set of cells currently connected to said load;
前記接続において供給された放電容量と、 a discharge capacity provided in the connection;
１またはそれ以上のパラメータを有する関数の値と、の少なくとも１つを備える請求項１乃至６のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 7. A battery management system according to any preceding claim, comprising at least one of: a value of a function having one or more parameters. １またはそれ以上の前記パラメータは、 One or more of said parameters are:
前記負荷と前記セルのセットの間の複数の接続に渡って蓄積された容量と、 a capacitance accumulated across multiple connections between the load and the set of cells;
前記接続において供給された放電容量と、 a discharge capacity provided in the connection;
前記セルのセットの電流と、 a current in the set of cells;
前記セルのセット及び／または少なくとも１つの他の前記セルのセットの電圧と、 a voltage of the set of cells and/or at least one other of the set of cells;
前記セルのセットのカットオフ放電電圧と、 a cutoff discharge voltage of the set of cells;
前記セルのセットの電力と、 a power of the set of cells;
前記セルのセットのエネルギと、 the energy of said set of cells;
前記セルのセットの充電または放電サイクルの数と、 the number of charge or discharge cycles of said set of cells;
前記セルのセットのインピーダンスと、 the impedance of the set of cells;
前記接続の間の前記セルのセットの電圧フェージングの速度と、 the rate of voltage fading of the set of cells during the connection;
前記セルのセットの温度と、 a temperature of the set of cells;
前記セルのセットの圧力と、の少なくとも１つを含む、請求項８に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 9. The battery management system of claim 8, comprising at least one of: a pressure of the set of cells. さらに少なくとも１つの前記基準及び／または１またはそれ以上の前記パラメータを測定するために少なくとも１つのセンサを備える、請求項７または８に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 Battery management system according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising at least one sensor for measuring at least one said criterion and/or one or more said parameters. 少なくとも１つの前記コントローラは、少なくとも１つのプロセッサを備える、請求項１乃至８のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 9. A battery management system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one said controller comprises at least one processor. 少なくとも１つの前記バッテリは、少なくとも１つのリチウム金属バッテリを備える、請求項１乃至１０のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 11. A battery management system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one said battery comprises at least one lithium metal battery. 少なくとも１つの前記コントローラは、前記多重化スイッチ装置を用いて負荷によって用いられるトポロジで前記負荷と前記セルのセットを接続するように構成される、請求項１乃至１１のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 12. At least one of the controllers is configured to connect the load and the set of cells in a topology used by the load using the multiplexing switch device. Battery management system. それぞれのセルは、同じ電気化学を利用する、請求項１乃至１２のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 13. A battery management system according to any preceding claim, wherein each cell utilizes the same electrochemistry. 少なくとも１つの前記基準は、前記セルのセットの前の放電サイクルの数を含まない、請求項１乃至１３のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 14. A battery management system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one said criterion does not include the number of previous discharge cycles of said set of cells. 負荷と前記負荷と現在接続される前記セルのセットの間の接続期間は、少なくとも０．０１秒である、請求項１乃至６に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 7. A battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the connection period between a load and the set of cells currently connected to the load is at least 0.01 seconds. 少なくとも１つの前記コントローラは、前記多重化スイッチ装置を用いて、他のセルのセットが放電しない間、放電するために単一のセルのセットを分離するように構成される、請求項１乃至１５のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 Claims 1 to 15, wherein the at least one controller is configured to use the multiplexing switch device to isolate a single set of cells for discharge while other sets of cells do not discharge. The battery management system according to any one of the above. 少なくとも１つの前記コントローラは、並列接続で前記セルのセットを充電するために前記多重化スイッチ装置を用いるように構成される、請求項１乃至１６のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 17. A battery management system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the controllers is configured to use the multiplexing switch device to charge the set of cells in parallel connection. 少なくとも１つの前記コントローラは、前記多重化スイッチ装置を用いて、他のセルが放電されない間、放電するための単一のセルを分離するように構成される、請求項１乃至１５、１７のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 18. Any one of claims 1-15, 17, wherein the at least one controller is configured to use the multiplexing switch device to isolate a single cell for discharge while other cells are not discharged. The battery management system according to item 1. 所定のサイクルにおいて、それぞれのセルは、全てのセルが２度放電される前に１度放電される、請求項１乃至１８のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 19. A battery management system according to any preceding claim, wherein in a given cycle each cell is discharged once before all cells are discharged twice. ２またはそれ以上のセルのセットを備える少なくとも１つのバッテリであって、それぞれの前記セルのセットは、１またはそれ以上のセルを備えるバッテリと、 at least one battery comprising a set of two or more cells, each set of cells comprising one or more cells;
それぞれの前記セルのセットに接続された少なくとも１つのスイッチを備える統合スイッチ制御システムと、を備え、 an integrated switch control system comprising at least one switch connected to each of the sets of cells;
前記統合スイッチ制御システムは、順次前記セルのセットを放電するために少なくとも１つの前記スイッチを制御するように構成される、バッテリパック。 The integrated switch control system is configured to control at least one of the switches to sequentially discharge the set of cells. ２またはそれ以上のセルのセットを備える少なくとも１つのバッテリであって、それぞれの前記セルのセットは、１またはそれ以上のセルを備えるバッテリと、 at least one battery comprising a set of two or more cells, each set of cells comprising one or more cells;
それぞれの前記セルのセットに接続された少なくとも１つのスイッチを備える統合スイッチ制御システムと、を備え、 an integrated switch control system comprising at least one switch connected to each of the sets of cells;
前記統合スイッチ制御システムは、少なくとも１つの前記スイッチを制御して、 The integrated switch control system controls at least one of the switches,
負荷と前記負荷に現在接続されるセルのセットの間の接続期間と、 a connection period between a load and a set of cells currently connected to said load;
前記接続において供給された放電容量と、 a discharge capacity provided in the connection;
１またはそれ以上のパラメータを有する関数の値と、の少なくとも１つに基づいて前記セルのセットを選択的に放電するように構成され、 configured to selectively discharge the set of cells based on at least one of: a value of a function having one or more parameters;
前記統合スイッチ制御システムは、前記セルのセットを充電する第２の速度の少なくとも２倍である第１の速度で前記セルのセットを選択的に放電するように前記少なくとも一つのスイッチを制御するよう、構成される、バッテリパック。 The integrated switch control system is configured to control the at least one switch to selectively discharge the set of cells at a first rate that is at least twice the second rate at which the set of cells is charged. , consists of a battery pack. 前記セルのセットはそれぞれ、単一のセルを有する、請求項２０又は２１に記載のバッテリパック。 22. A battery pack according to claim 20 or 21, wherein each set of cells comprises a single cell. 前記統合スイッチ制御システムは、前記少なくとも一つのスイッチが前記セルのセットの放電と一時的に重ねるように制御するよう、構成される、請求項２０乃至２２のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリパック。 23. A battery pack according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the integrated switch control system is configured to control the at least one switch to temporally overlap the discharge of the set of cells. 前記統合スイッチ制御システムは、異なるセット間を切り替える間、前記セルのセットから電力を提供し続けるように前記少なくとも一つのスイッチを制御するよう、構成される、請求項２０乃至２３のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリパック。 24. The integrated switch control system is configured to control the at least one switch to continue to provide power from the set of cells while switching between different sets. The battery pack described in . 前記少なくとも一つのバッテリは、少なくとも一つのリチウム金属バッテリを有する、請求項２０乃至２４のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリパック。 25. A battery pack according to any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein the at least one battery comprises at least one lithium metal battery. 少なくとも１つのバッテリの２またはそれ以上のセルのセットに接続される多重化スイッチ装置を用いて、少なくとも１つの基準に基づいてそれぞれの前記セルのセットを選択的に放電するとともに、前記セルのセットを充電する第２の速度の少なくとも２倍である第１の速度で前記セルのセットを選択的に放電し、 selectively discharging each of said sets of cells based on at least one criterion using a multiplexing switch device connected to two or more sets of cells of at least one battery; selectively discharging said set of cells at a first rate that is at least twice a second rate of charging;
前記セルのセットはそれぞれ１又はそれ以上のセルを有する、バッテリ管理方法。 A method of battery management, wherein each set of cells has one or more cells. 前記第１の速度は、前記第２の速度の４倍である、請求項２６に記載のバッテリ管理方法。 27. The battery management method of claim 26, wherein the first rate is four times the second rate. それぞれの前記セルのセットは、単一のセルを備える、請求項２６又は２７のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理方法。 28. A battery management method according to any one of claims 26 or 27, wherein each set of cells comprises a single cell. 前記セルのセットの放電を一時的に重ねる、請求項２６乃至２８のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理方法。 29. A battery management method according to any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein the discharges of the set of cells are temporarily overlapped. 異なるセットの間を切り替える間、前記セルのセットから電力を供給し続ける、請求項２６乃至２９のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理方法。 30. A battery management method according to any one of claims 26 to 29, further comprising continuing to supply power from the set of cells while switching between different sets. 少なくとも１つの前記基準は、負荷と前記負荷に現在接続されるセルのセットの間の接続期間を備える請求項２６乃至３０のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理方法。 31. A battery management method according to any one of claims 26 to 30, wherein at least one said criterion comprises a connection period between a load and a set of cells currently connected to said load. 少なくとも１つの前記基準は、前記接続において供給された放電容量を備える請求項２６乃至３１のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理方法。 32. A battery management method according to any one of claims 26 to 31, wherein at least one said criterion comprises a discharge capacity provided in said connection. 前記少なくとも一つのバッテリは、少なくとも１つのリチウム金属バッテリを備える、請求項２６乃至３２のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理方法。 33. A method of battery management according to any one of claims 26 to 32, wherein the at least one battery comprises at least one lithium metal battery. 並列接続で前記セルのセットを充電するために前記多重化スイッチ装置を用いる、請求項２６乃至３３のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理方法。 34. A battery management method according to any one of claims 26 to 33, wherein the multiplexing switch arrangement is used to charge the set of cells in parallel connection. 所定のサイクルにおいて、それぞれのセルは、全てのセルが２度放電される前に１度放電される、請求項２６乃至３４のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理方法。 35. A battery management method according to any one of claims 26 to 34, wherein in a given cycle each cell is discharged once before all cells are discharged twice. 少なくとも１つのバッテリの２またはそれ以上のセルのセットのそれぞれのセルのセットに接続された少なくとも１つのスイッチを備える統合スイッチ制御システムを用いて、少なくとも１つの前記スイッチを制御して順次前記セルのセットを放電するステップを備え、
それぞれの前記セルのセットは、１またはそれ以上のセルを備え、
前記統合スイッチ制御システムは、前記セルのセットを充電する第２の速度の少なくとも２倍である第１の速度で前記セルのセットを選択的に放電するように前記少なくとも一つのスイッチを制御するよう、構成される、バッテリパック。 An integrated switch control system comprising at least one switch connected to each set of two or more cells of at least one battery is used to control the at least one switch to sequentially control the cells. Equipped with a step to discharge the set,
each said set of cells comprises one or more cells;
The integrated switch control system is configured to control the at least one switch to selectively discharge the set of cells at a first rate that is at least twice the second rate at which the set of cells is charged. , consists of a battery pack . 少なくとも１つのバッテリの２またはそれ以上のセルのセットのそれぞれのセルのセットに接続された少なくとも１つのスイッチを備える統合スイッチ制御システムを用いて、少なくとも１つの前記スイッチを制御して、
負荷と前記負荷に現在接続されるセルのセットの間の接続期間と、
前記接続において供給された放電容量と、
１またはそれ以上のパラメータを有する関数の値と、の少なくとも１つに基づいて前記セルのセットを選択的に放電するステップを備え、
それぞれの前記セルのセットは、１またはそれ以上のセルを備え、
前記統合スイッチ制御システムは、前記セルのセットを充電する第２の速度の少なくとも２倍である第１の速度で前記セルのセットを選択的に放電するように前記少なくとも一つのスイッチを制御するよう、構成される、バッテリパック。 controlling the at least one switch using an integrated switch control system comprising at least one switch connected to each set of two or more cells of the at least one battery;
a connection period between a load and a set of cells currently connected to said load;
a discharge capacity provided in the connection;
selectively discharging the set of cells based on at least one of: a value of a function having one or more parameters;
each said set of cells comprises one or more cells;
The integrated switch control system is configured to control the at least one switch to selectively discharge the set of cells at a first rate that is at least twice the second rate at which the set of cells is charged. , consists of a battery pack . 前記第１の速度は、前記第２の速度の４倍である、請求項３６又は３７のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリパック。 38. A battery pack according to any one of claims 36 or 37, wherein the first speed is four times the second speed. それぞれの前記セルのセットは、単一のセルを備える、請求項３６乃至３８のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリパック。 39. A battery pack according to any one of claims 36 to 38, wherein each set of cells comprises a single cell. 前記セルのセットの放電を一時的に重ねる、請求項３６乃至３９のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリパック。 40. A battery pack according to any one of claims 36 to 39, wherein the discharges of the set of cells are temporally overlapped. 異なるセットの間を切り替える間、前記セルのセットから電力を供給し続けるように構成される、請求項３６乃至４０のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリ管理システム。 41. A battery management system according to any one of claims 36 to 40, configured to continue to provide power from the set of cells while switching between different sets. 少なくとも１つの前記バッテリは、少なくとも１つのリチウム金属バッテリを備える、請求項３６乃至４１のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリパック。 42. A battery pack according to any one of claims 36 to 41, wherein at least one said battery comprises at least one lithium metal battery. 所定のサイクルにおいて、それぞれのセルは、全てのセルが２度放電される前に１度放電される、請求項３６乃至４２のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリパック。 43. A battery pack according to any one of claims 36 to 42, wherein in a given cycle each cell is discharged once before all cells are discharged twice.
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