JPWO2018212071A1 - Prognostic predictor of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and prognostic method - Google Patents

Prognostic predictor of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and prognostic method Download PDF

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JPWO2018212071A1
JPWO2018212071A1 JP2019518738A JP2019518738A JPWO2018212071A1 JP WO2018212071 A1 JPWO2018212071 A1 JP WO2018212071A1 JP 2019518738 A JP2019518738 A JP 2019518738A JP 2019518738 A JP2019518738 A JP 2019518738A JP WO2018212071 A1 JPWO2018212071 A1 JP WO2018212071A1
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映仁 土橋
映仁 土橋
賢吾 竹内
賢吾 竹内
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Abstract

DLBCLの予後因子を見出し、予後予測を行うことが可能となった。R-CHOPまたは、それに類似した治療に対し、転帰が極端な2群について、全エクソームシーケンス解析を行った結果、抵抗症例群に、片方のアリルにTP53の変異が、他方のアリルに17p欠損が併存している症例、反応症例群にOSBPL10変異が偏って同定された。これら予後因子により、予後予測を行うことができる。The prognostic factor of DLBCL was found, and it became possible to predict the prognosis. The whole exome sequence analysis was performed on two groups with extreme outcomes for R-CHOP or similar treatments. As a result, in the resistant case group, one allele had a TP53 mutation and the other allele had a 17p deletion. The OSBPL10 mutation was biased and identified in the cases where coexistence was present and the reaction case group. Prognostic prediction can be performed by using these prognostic factors.

Description

本発明はびまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫(Diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma、以下DLBCLと記載する。)の予後予測因子、及び予後予測を検査する方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a prognostic factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma, hereinafter referred to as DLBCL) and a method for testing the prognostic value.

DLBCLは、リンパ腫の1種であり、B細胞から発生する非ホジキンリンパ腫である。我が国の非ホジキンリンパ腫のうち30〜50%はDLBCLであると言われており最も頻度の高いリンパ腫である。DLBCLとしての初発例以外に、他の低悪性度B細胞リンパ腫から組織学的進展する例もあり、様々な病態を示す疾患群である。   DLBCL is a type of lymphoma and is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that arises from B cells. It is said that 30-50% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Japan is DLBCL, and is the most frequent lymphoma. In addition to the first case of DLBCL, there are cases in which histological progression has been made from other low-grade B-cell lymphomas, and this is a disease group showing various pathologies.

DLBCLは、形態学的、分子生物学的、免疫組織学的に不均一な集団であり、種々のバリアント、あるいはサブグループに分類される。2004年、Hansのクライテリアと呼ばれる胚中心B細胞(germinal center B−cell、GCB)とnon-GC(CD10、BCL−6、MUM−1の発現により分類)サブタイプの2群への分類が提唱された(非特許文献1)。その後、WHOのDLBCLの分類では、幾度かの変遷を経て、2016年にGCBと活性化B細胞(activated B−cell、ABC)のサブタイプの2群に分類するようになった(非特許文献2)。   DLBCL is a heterogeneous population morphologically, molecularly biologically, and immunohistologically, and is classified into various variants or subgroups. In 2004, a classification into two groups of germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-GC (classified by expression of CD10, BCL-6, and MUM-1) called Hans criteria was proposed. (Non-Patent Document 1). After that, in the classification of DLBCL of WHO, after several transitions, in 2016, it was classified into two groups of subtypes of GCB and activated B-cell (activated B-cell, ABC) (Non-Patent Document) 2).

DLBCLの治療は、現在CHOP療法(シクロホスファミド、アドリアマイシン(ドキソルビシン)、オンコビン(商品名)(ビンクリスチン)、プレドニゾロン)に抗CD20抗体であるリツキシマブを加えたR-CHOPが標準療法となっている。DLBCLはR−CHOP療法の導入により飛躍的に予後が改善されたが、一方でR−CHOP療法の効かない患者群が存在する。WHOの分類も患者の予後とは対応しておらず、分類はされてはいるものの治療の層別化は行われていないのが現状である。   Currently, the standard treatment for DLBCL is R-CHOP, which is a combination of CHOP therapy (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin (doxorubicin), oncovin (trade name) (vincristine), prednisolone) and rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody. . Although the prognosis of DLBCL has been dramatically improved by the introduction of R-CHOP therapy, there are some patient groups who do not respond to R-CHOP therapy. The classification of WHO also does not correspond to the prognosis of patients, and although it is classified, stratification of treatment is not performed at present.

免疫組織学的な解析や、全ゲノムシーケンス、全エクソームシーケンス、トランスクリプトームシーケンスなどの解析手法を用いてDLBCLの変異が解析されているが(非特許文献3−7)、これら解析間で体細胞変異が一致しているものは10−20%に過ぎない(非特許文献8)。すなわち、DLBCLは、体細胞変異の観点から見ても多様な疾患であることが示唆される。また、遺伝子変異を治療効果予測につなげようという試みもされているが、実用化には至っていない(特許文献1、2)。   Mutations in DLBCL have been analyzed using immunohistological analysis and analysis techniques such as whole genome sequence, whole exome sequence, and transcriptome sequence (Non-Patent Documents 3-7). Only 10-20% have somatic mutation matches (Non-Patent Document 8). That is, it is suggested that DLBCL is a variety of diseases even from the viewpoint of somatic mutation. Attempts have also been made to link gene mutations to prediction of therapeutic effects, but they have not been put to practical use (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

近年、変異とR-CHOP療法などの治療法と予後との関連が解析されている(非特許文献9−13)。215症例の再発、難治性のDLBCLについて、文献や全エクソーム解析より選択した34遺伝子を解析した報告によれば、TNFAIP3及びGNA13の変異が、ABC(活性化B細胞)に分類される患者においてR-CHOP療法の予後が悪いことと相関している(非特許文献9)。また、他の再発、難治症例の全エクソーム解析によれば、ABCサブタイプでは、TBL1XR1、IRF4の変異、REL、CDKN2A、HYAL2、及びTP53のコピー数に変異が生じていることが報告されている(非特許文献10)。さらに、他の38症例の難治性のDLBCLの全エクソーム解析によれば、TP53、FOXO1、KMT2C、CCND3、NFKB1Z、及びSTAT6の変異と治療抵抗性とが相関することが報告されている(非特許文献11)。また、TP53のミスセンス変異やコピー数の欠失、CD58の変異などが予後と相関することが報告されている(非特許文献12、13)。   In recent years, the relationship between mutation, treatment methods such as R-CHOP therapy, and prognosis has been analyzed (Non-Patent Documents 9-13). According to reports on the analysis of 34 genes selected from the literature and total exome analysis for 215 cases of relapsed or refractory DLBCL, mutations in TNFAIP3 and GNA13 show that in patients classified as ABC (activated B cells), It is correlated with poor prognosis of -CHOP therapy (Non-Patent Document 9). According to the whole exome analysis of other relapsed or refractory cases, it has been reported that the ABC subtypes have mutations in the TBL1XR1, IRF4 mutations, REL, CDKN2A, HYAL2, and TP53 copy numbers. (Non-Patent Document 10). Furthermore, according to the whole exome analysis of the intractable DLBCL of the other 38 cases, it has been reported that the mutation of TP53, FOXO1, KMT2C, CCND3, NFKB1Z, and STAT6 correlates with the treatment resistance (non-patent). Reference 11). In addition, it has been reported that a missense mutation or a copy number deletion of TP53, a mutation of CD58 and the like are correlated with prognosis (Non-patent Documents 12 and 13).

特表2011−525106号公報JP 2011-525106 A 国際公開第2006/112483号International Publication No. 2006/112483

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上述のように、難治性のDLBCLと関連の高い遺伝子変異に関する報告は、数多くあるものの、変異の報告されている遺伝子が多岐にわたっており、再現性が必ずしも高くはない。そのため、遺伝子変異と治療抵抗性との関連が報告間で必ずしも一致しておらず、予後予測が十分になされているとは言えない。DLBCLに対してR−CHOP療法を行っても、治療効果がさほど期待できない患者を予め検出することができれば、代替する療法としてサルベージ療法を行うなど、患者に合わせてより良い長期治療計画を立てることが可能となる。効果のあまりない治療を継続することは、患者にとって望ましいことではないだけでなく、医療経済上も望ましいことではない。   As described above, there are many reports on gene mutations highly related to intractable DLBCL, but the genes for which mutations are reported are diverse, and reproducibility is not always high. Therefore, the relationship between gene mutation and treatment resistance does not always match between reports, and it cannot be said that prognosis is sufficiently predicted. If R-CHOP therapy for DLBCL can be detected beforehand for patients whose therapeutic effects are not expected to be significant, a better long-term treatment plan can be established for patients, such as salvage therapy as an alternative therapy. Becomes possible. Continuing ineffective treatment is not only desirable for the patient, but also for the medical economy.

また、R-CHOP療法に対して反応性が高い患者を検出することも重要なことである。R-CHOP療法で用いられるドキソルビシンは心毒性があるため、過剰な治療を避ける必要があるからである。すなわち、DLBCLの予後不良、及び予後の良い患者の両方を検出することは、治療計画を立てるうえで重要なことである。本発明は、種々の病態を示す疾患群であるDLBCLを層別化し、DLBCLの予後因子、予後予測を検査する方法を提供し、有効な治療を可能とすることを課題とする。   It is also important to detect patients who are highly responsive to R-CHOP therapy. This is because doxorubicin used in R-CHOP therapy is cardiotoxic and it is necessary to avoid excessive treatment. That is, detecting both the poor prognosis of DLBCL and the patient with a good prognosis is important in making a treatment plan. An object of the present invention is to stratify DLBCL, which is a group of diseases showing various disease states, to provide a method for examining the prognostic factors and prognostic prediction of DLBCL, and to enable effective treatment.

本発明は以下に示すびまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫(DLBCL)の予後予測の検査方法、予後予測因子、予後予測を行うための検査キットを提供する。
(1)DLBCLの予後予測検査方法であって、TP53及び/又はOSBPL10の変異を検出することを特徴とする検査方法。
(2)一方のアリルにTP53の変異が、他方のアリルに17p欠損が併存している場合に、予後不良であるとする(1)記載の検査方法。
(3)OSBPL10の変異を有する場合に、予後良好であるとする(1)記載の検査方法。
(4)DLBCLの予後予測因子であって、一方のアリルにTP53の変異が存在し、他方のアリルの17p欠損が併存していること、及び/又はOSBPL10の変異であることを特徴とする予後予測因子。
(5)(4)記載のDLBCLの予後予測因子を検出するための検出試薬を含む検出キット。
The present invention provides a test method for predicting the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a prognostic predictor, and a test kit for performing the prognostic prediction described below.
(1) A prognostic prediction method for DLBCL, which comprises detecting a mutation in TP53 and / or OSBPL10.
(2) The test method according to (1), wherein the prognosis is poor when a mutation of TP53 is present in one allele and a 17p deletion is present in the other allele.
(3) The test method according to (1), wherein a prognosis is favorable when the mutation has OSBPL10.
(4) a prognostic predictor of DLBCL, wherein one allele has a TP53 mutation and the other allele has a 17p deletion coexisting therewith, and / or a prognosis characterized by an OSBPL10 mutation Predictor.
(5) A detection kit comprising a detection reagent for detecting the DLBCL prognostic predictor according to (4).

Dp群(予後が極端に悪い症例、poor prognosis case in discovery cohort;Dp)、Dg群(予後が良い症例(3年間無増悪生存)、good prognosis case in discovery cohort;Dg)における変異の数を示す図。Dp group (cases with extremely poor prognosis, poor prognosis case in discovery cohort; Dp), Dg group (cases with good prognosis (three-year progression-free survival), and the number of mutations in D showing the good prognosis case in discovery covariate; FIG. 図2Aは探索群におけるTP53、OSBPL10の変異の位置や種類を示す図。図2Bは検証群におけるTP53、OSBPL10の変異の位置や種類を示す図。FIG. 2A is a diagram showing positions and types of mutations of TP53 and OSBPL10 in a search group. FIG. 2B is a diagram showing the positions and types of mutations of TP53 and OSBPL10 in the verification group. TP53、OSBPL10の変異と全生存期間(Overall survival、OS)、無増悪生存期間(Progression free survival、PFS)との関係を示す図。図3AはTP53の変異の検証群における全生存期間及び無増悪生存期間を示す。TP53D:TP53欠損、TP53M:TP53変異、TP53W:TP53野生型、TP53M+D:TP53変異かつ欠損。図3BはOSBPL10の変異と検証群における全生存期間及び無増悪生存期間を示す。OSBPL10W:OSBPL10野生型、OSBPL10M:OSBPL10変異。The figure which shows the relationship between the mutation of TP53 and OSBPL10, the overall survival (Overall survival, OS), and the progression-free survival (Progression free survival, PFS). FIG. 3A shows the overall survival and progression-free survival in the TP53 mutation verification group. TP53D: TP53 deletion, TP53M: TP53 mutation, TP53W: TP53 wild type, TP53M + D: TP53 mutation and deletion. FIG. 3B shows the OSBPL10 mutation and the overall survival and progression-free survival in the test group. OSBPL10W: OSBPL10 wild type, OSBPL10M: OSBPL10 mutation. 傾向スコア解析(IPW)によるTP53、OSBPL10の変異と全生存期間、無増悪生存期間との関係を示す図。図4AはTP53の変異と全生存期間及び無増悪生存期間を示す。TP53 wt:TP53野生型、TP53 mut with del:TP53変異かつ欠損を示す。図4Bは、OSBPL10の変異と全生存期間及び無増悪生存期間を示す。OSBPL10 mut:OSBPL10変異、OSBPL10 wt:OSBPL10野生型を示す。The figure which shows the relationship between the mutation of TP53 and OSBPL10 by propensity score analysis (IPW), the overall survival time, and the progression-free survival time. FIG. 4A shows TP53 mutations and overall survival and progression-free survival. TP53 wt: TP53 wild type, TP53 mut with del: TP53 mutation and deletion. FIG. 4B shows the OSBPL10 mutation and overall survival and progression-free survival. OSBPL10 mut: OSBPL10 mutation, OSBPL10 wt: OSBPL10 wild type. 図5Aは、TP53の変異かつ欠損とOSBPL10の変異を組み合わせ、検証群における全生存期間を示す。TP53M+D:TP53変異かつ欠損、WT:TP53、OSBPL10ともに野生型、OSBPL10M:OSBPL10変異。図5Bは、検証群における国際予後指標(International Prognostic Index、IPI)による全生存期間を示す。FIG. 5A shows the overall survival time in the test group, combining the mutation and deletion of TP53 with the mutation of OSBPL10. TP53M + D: TP53 mutation and deletion, WT: TP53 and OSBPL10 both wild type, OSBPL10M: OSBPL10 mutation. FIG. 5B shows the overall survival of the test group according to the International Prognostic Index (IPI).

本発明では、変異を解析するために全エクソームシーケンスを行ったが、DLBCLの予後と相関の見られる遺伝子である17番染色体短腕(17p)の欠損(17p欠損)を伴うTP53の変異、OSBPL10の変異を検出することができればどのような手法を用いてもよい。   In the present invention, whole exome sequencing was performed to analyze mutations. However, mutations in TP53 with deletion (17p deletion) of chromosome 17 short arm (17p), which is a gene correlated with the prognosis of DLBCL, Any method may be used as long as a mutation in OSBPL10 can be detected.

以下で詳細に説明するが、TP53の変異は、DNA結合領域に変異が集中している。したがって、DNA結合領域の変異の解析を行うことにより検出してもよいが、変異がコーディング領域全域にわたっていることから、コーディング領域全域のシーケンスを行うことが好ましい。OSBPL10の変異はエクソン1に偏在しているため、この領域のみをシーケンス解析すればよい。   As will be described in detail below, TP53 mutations are concentrated in the DNA binding region. Therefore, although the detection may be performed by analyzing the mutation of the DNA binding region, it is preferable to perform the sequence of the entire coding region since the mutation extends over the entire coding region. Since the OSBPL10 mutation is localized in exon 1, sequence analysis of this region alone is sufficient.

ここで、TP53の変異とは、ミスセンス変異、フレームシフト変異などp53タンパク質の機能が変わるような変異をさす。また、17p欠損とは、TP53遺伝子の存在する領域を含む17番染色体短腕が広範囲に欠失している状態を示す。後述のように、DLBCLでは、片方のアリルのTP53遺伝子にp53タンパク質の機能が変わる変異が存在し、他方のアリルの17番染色体短腕が広範囲に欠失している場合に、予後不良であることが明らかとなった。   Here, the TP53 mutation refers to a mutation such as a missense mutation or a frameshift mutation that alters the function of the p53 protein. 17p deletion refers to a state in which the short arm of chromosome 17 including the region where the TP53 gene is present is extensively deleted. As described later, in DLBCL, the prognosis is poor when a mutation that alters the function of the p53 protein is present in the TP53 gene of one allele and the short arm of chromosome 17 of the other allele is extensively deleted. It became clear.

TP53の変異は、次世代シーケンサを用いてコーディング領域全域を対象としたアンプリコンシーケンス、ターゲットキャプチャーシーケンスをすることで検出することが可能である。また、簡易的には、TP53のコーディング領域のうち、DNA結合領域に変異が集中していること(図2)から、この領域のダイレクトシーケンスにより、変異の検出が可能である。OSBPL10の変異も同様に、アンプリコンシーケンス、ターゲットキャプチャーシーケンスをすることで検出することが可能であり、さらに、エクソン1に偏在していることから、この領域のダイレクトシーケンスのみでも検出が可能である。また、17番染色体の短腕の欠損は、17番染色体の短腕に存在する一塩基多型(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism、SNP)のターゲットキャプチャーシーケンス、comparative genomic hybridization(CGH)、リアルタイムPCR法、Fuluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)などの方法を用いて検出することが可能である。   The mutation of TP53 can be detected by performing an amplicon sequence and a target capture sequence for the entire coding region using a next-generation sequencer. In addition, in a simplified manner, mutations are concentrated in the DNA-binding region of the coding region of TP53 (FIG. 2), and thus the mutation can be detected by direct sequencing of this region. Similarly, a mutation in OSBPL10 can be detected by amplicon sequence and target capture sequence, and furthermore, since it is localized in exon 1, it can be detected only by direct sequence in this region. . In addition, deletion of the short arm of chromosome 17 is caused by target capture sequence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) present in the short arm of chromosome 17, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), real-time PCR method, and fluoescence. It can be detected using a method such as situ hybridization (FISH).

2006年以降に、がん研有明病院で治療を行い、インフォームドコンセントが得られた患者の中から、標準療法であるR-CHOPまたは、それに類似した治療に対して転帰が極端な2群(R-CHOP抵抗性症例9例、反応性症例26例)を探索群(discovery cohort)とし、85例の検証群(validation cohort)で確認した。   From 2006, patients who had been treated at the Cancer Institute Ariake Hospital and received informed consent, two groups with extreme outcomes for R-CHOP, a standard therapy, or similar treatment ( R-CHOP resistant cases (9 cases, reactive cases 26 cases) were set as a search group (discovery cohort) and confirmed in 85 verification groups (validation cohort).

解析対象とする患者は、凍結組織が存在する、あるいは凍結組織か新鮮材料から抽出したDNAが得られることを選択基準とした。35のDLBCL症例(2006年1月〜2011年12月に診断)を探索群として、85症例(2012年1月〜2014年12月に診断)を検証群としてした。   Patients to be analyzed were selected based on the presence of frozen tissue or the availability of DNA extracted from frozen tissue or fresh material. 35 DLBCL cases (diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2011) were set as a search group, and 85 cases (diagnosed from January 2012 to December 2014) were set as a verification group.

探索群におけるR-CHOP抵抗性症例9例は、初期治療(R-CHOPまたは、それに類似した治療)に対して不変、あるいは進行性であり、予後が極端に悪い症例(poor prognosis case in discovery cohort、以下、Dpと記載する。)である。反応性症例26例は、初期治療に反応し、2016年11月までの観察期間において少なくとも3年間無増悪生存であった症例(good prognosis case in discovery cohort、以下、Dgと記載する。)である。探索群のうち33症例では、リンパ腫が浸潤していない骨髄試料を正常試料として解析を行った。また、骨髄試料が得られなかったDg24、Dg25症例は、末梢血から得たDNAを正常試料として解析を行った。また、検証群85症例もR-CHOPまたは、それに類似した治療を受けた症例である。すべての症例は、通常の組織学的検査を行った後、病理学者によって2008年のWHO分類により分類を行った。   Nine R-CHOP-resistant cases in the search group were unchanged or progressive with respect to the initial treatment (R-CHOP or a similar treatment) and had an extremely poor prognosis (poor prognosis case in discovery cohort). , Hereinafter referred to as Dp). The 26 responding cases were those who responded to the initial treatment and had progression-free survival for at least 3 years during the observation period up to November 2016 (good prognosis case in discovery cohort, hereinafter referred to as Dg). . In 33 cases in the search group, analysis was performed using a bone marrow sample not infiltrated with lymphoma as a normal sample. Dg24 and Dg25 cases where bone marrow samples could not be obtained were analyzed using DNA obtained from peripheral blood as a normal sample. The 85 cases in the verification group also received R-CHOP or a treatment similar thereto. All cases were classified by a pathologist according to the 2008 WHO classification after routine histological examination.

遺伝子変異は、SureSelect XT Human All Exon V5(アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社)に基づいた特別仕様のキャプチャープローブセットを用いて、35の探索群のがん部及び正常組織について全エクソームシーケンスを行った。ライブラリーはSureSelect Target Enrichiment kit(アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社)を用い、次世代シーケンサHiSeq(イルミナ株式会社)を用いて行った。解析したがん組織におけるがん細胞の含有率は平均56.4%(30.98−89.16%)と推測された。   For the gene mutation, the entire exome sequence was performed on cancerous parts and normal tissues in 35 search groups using a specially-designed capture probe set based on SureSelect XT Human All Exon V5 (Agilent Technology Co., Ltd.). The library was performed using SureSelect Target Enrichment kit (Agilent Technology Co., Ltd.) and the next-generation sequencer HiSeq (Illumina Co., Ltd.). The average cancer cell content in the analyzed cancer tissue was estimated to be 56.4% (30.98-89.16%).

予後の良い群(Dg群)と悪い群(Dp群)における検出された体細胞変異の数を示す(図1)。Dg群、Dp群の2群間で最も変異の出現頻度に差が見られるのは、TP53であり、次にOSBPL10、CTBP2に差が認められる(図1中、両群で出現頻度に差が見られるTP53、OSBPL10、CTBP2を↓で示す。)。   The numbers of detected somatic mutations in the group with good prognosis (Dg group) and the group with poor prognosis (Dp group) are shown (FIG. 1). The difference in the frequency of occurrence of the mutation between the Dg group and the Dp group is the highest in TP53, followed by the difference in OSBPL10 and CTBP2 (FIG. 1 shows a difference in the frequency of appearance between the two groups). TP53, OSBPL10 and CTBP2 that can be seen are indicated by ↓).

Integrative Genomics Viewer(IGV、非特許文献14)を用いて結果を検討し、偽陽性と考えられる変異を除き解析を行った。例えば、CTBP2の変異は、がん組織、正常組織両者に同じ変異が多数見られたことからリファレンスゲノムへのマッピングの誤りであると考えられた。したがって、TP53、及びOSBPL10(図1中★印で示す。)をDg群、Dp群の2群を区別することのできる変異であると結論づけ、TP53、OSBPL10の変異について詳細に検討を行った。   The results were examined using Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV, Non-Patent Document 14), and the analysis was performed except for mutations considered to be false positives. For example, the CTBP2 mutation was considered to be an error in mapping to the reference genome because many of the same mutations were found in both cancer tissues and normal tissues. Therefore, it was concluded that TP53 and OSBPL10 (indicated by ★ in FIG. 1) are mutations that can distinguish between the Dg group and the Dp group, and the TP53 and OSBPL10 mutations were examined in detail.

TP53、OSBPL10の変異がDLBCLの予後と相関しているとの結果が探索群で得られたことから検証群を用いてさらに解析を進めた。探索群でDLBCLの予後と相関が見出された変異(TP53、及びOSBPL10)については、サンガーシーケンスによって確認を行った。シーケンスに用いたプライマーを以下に示す。   Since the result that the mutation of TP53 and OSBPL10 correlated with the prognosis of DLBCL was obtained in the search group, the analysis was further performed using the verification group. Mutations (TP53 and OSBPL10) found to be correlated with the prognosis of DLBCL in the search group were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The primers used for the sequence are shown below.

OSBPL10
F:ATCACTGGGTTCGCTGAAGG(配列番号1)
R:CATTTCCCGGGGATTTGGAG(配列番号2)
TP53
F1:AGAGGAGCTGGTGTTGTTGG(配列番号3)
R1:TTGGGAGTAGATGGAGCCTG(配列番号4)
F2:GCCAGAGAAAAGAAAACTGAGTG(配列番号5)
R2:CCCCATGAGATGTGCAAAGT(配列番号6)
F3:ATTTACTTTGCACATCTCATGGG(配列番号7)
R3:CACTTGTGCCCTGACTTTCA(配列番号8)
なお、Fはフォワードプライマーを、Rはリバースプライマーを示し、TP53のシーケンスは、1〜3の3組のプライマーを用いて行った。
OSBPL10
F: ATCACTGGGGTTCGCTGAAGG (SEQ ID NO: 1)
R: CATTTCCCGGGGGATTTGGAG (SEQ ID NO: 2)
TP53
F1: AGAGGAGCTGGTGTTTGTTGGG (SEQ ID NO: 3)
R1: TTGGGAGGTAGTGGAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 4)
F2: GCCAGAGAAAAGAAAAACTGAGTG (SEQ ID NO: 5)
R2: CCCCATGAGATGTGCAAAGT (SEQ ID NO: 6)
F3: ATTACTTTTGCACATCTCATGGGG (SEQ ID NO: 7)
R3: CACTTGGTCCCCTGACTTTCA (SEQ ID NO: 8)
F indicates a forward primer, R indicates a reverse primer, and the sequence of TP53 was performed using three sets of primers 1 to 3.

検証群については、TruSeq Custom Amplicon Low Input Kit(イルミナ社)を用いてアンプリコンシーケンス解析を行った。なお、解析した領域は、探索群でDLBCLの予後と相関が見られたTP53の全コーディング領域、及びOSBPL10のエクソン1の領域である。解析は次世代シーケンサMiSeq(イルミナ株式会社)を用いて行った。   For the verification group, amplicon sequence analysis was performed using a TruSeq Custom Amplicon Low Input Kit (Illumina). The analyzed regions are the entire coding region of TP53 and the region of exon 1 of OSBPL10 that have been correlated with the prognosis of DLBCL in the search group. The analysis was performed using a next-generation sequencer MiSeq (Illumina Corporation).

まず、TP53、OSBPL10に、どのような変異が生じているか解析した。探索群(図2A)、検証群(図2B)に、TP53、OSBPL10の変異の位置や種類を示す。TP53の変異は、コーディング領域全体にわたっているものの、主としてDNA結合領域に見られることが明らかとなった。また、OSBPL10の変異はエクソン1でコードされる領域に偏在していた。   First, what kind of mutation occurred in TP53 and OSBPL10 was analyzed. The positions and types of mutations in TP53 and OSBPL10 are shown in the search group (FIG. 2A) and the verification group (FIG. 2B). The mutation of TP53 was found to be found mainly in the DNA-binding region, though it extends over the entire coding region. In addition, the mutation of OSBPL10 was localized in the region encoded by exon 1.

まず、TP53の変異について解析すると、Dp群においてTP53に変異が見られた5人の患者全てにおいて17番染色体短腕に欠損が見られたのに対し(TP53 missence mutation+17p deletion:3人、TP53 frameshift indel+17p deletion:2人)、Dg群ではそのような欠損が見られたのは1人の患者のみ(TP53 missence mutation+17p deletion:1人)であった。Dg群では、17p欠損を有する患者は6人、TP53変異が見られた患者は3人いたが、17p欠損を伴いTP53変異を有していた患者は1人のみで、TP53変異が見られた他の2人の患者は17p欠損を伴っていなかった。   First, when the mutation of TP53 was analyzed, the short arm of chromosome 17 was found to be deficient in all of the five patients with the mutation of TP53 in the Dp group (TP53 mismutation + 17p deletion: 3 persons, TP53 frameshift). Indel + 17p deletion: 2), and in the Dg group, such a deficiency was found only in one patient (TP53 mismutation + 17p deletion: 1). In the Dg group, there were 6 patients with a 17p deletion and 3 patients with a TP53 mutation, but only one patient with a 17p deletion and a TP53 mutation had a TP53 mutation. The other two patients did not have a 17p deletion.

検証群において、TP53の変異と予後について検討すると、TP53変異のみ12例、欠損のみ7例の各群は、ともに陰性60例の群と比較し、全生存期間、無増悪生存期間とも差は認められなかった。これに対し、TP53の変異かつ欠損がある症例群6例は、全生存期間(p=0.0016)、無増悪生存期間(p=0.023)ともに、有意に予後不良であった(図3A)。   Examination of the TP53 mutation and prognosis in the test group revealed that each of the 12 groups of TP53 mutation alone and 7 cases of deficiency only showed no difference in the overall survival time and progression-free survival time compared with the group of 60 negative cases. I couldn't. On the other hand, in the group of 6 cases with mutation and deficiency of TP53, both the overall survival time (p = 0.0016) and the progression-free survival time (p = 0.023) were significantly poor prognosis (FIG. 3A).

したがって、TP53の変異かつ欠損は、DLBCLにおける予後不良因子であると結論づけた。また、表1は、検証群におけるTP53の変異かつ欠損を有するDLBCL患者群と、TP53が野生型、あるいはTP53変異、欠損のどちらかを単独で有している患者群との比較を示したものである。TP53の変異かつ欠損を有する患者群は、ECOG−PS(全身状態、ECOG(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group)が定めるPerformance status)が有意に悪かった(p<0.01)。   Therefore, it was concluded that the mutation and deletion of TP53 was a poor prognostic factor in DLBCL. Table 1 shows a comparison between a DLBCL patient group having a mutation and a deficiency of TP53 in a verification group and a patient group having TP53 alone or having either a TP53 mutation or a deficiency in the verification group. It is. The group of patients having a mutation and deficiency in TP53 had significantly worse ECOG-PS (general condition, Performance status determined by ECOG (Eastern Oncology Group)) (p <0.01).

次に、OSBPL10の変異について解析を行った(表2)。OSBPL10の変異を有しているものは、検証群において、全生存期間(p=0.037)、無増悪生存期間(p=0.041)と有意に予後良好であった(図3B)。また、OSBPL10に変異を有する検証群21人の患者のLDH(lactate dehydrogenase、乳酸脱水素酵素)値は有意に低かった(p=0.04)。LDH値は、IPI(国際予後指標)において予後因子の一つとして用いられている指標である。   Next, the mutation of OSBPL10 was analyzed (Table 2). Those having the mutation of OSBPL10 had significantly better prognosis in the test group, with overall survival (p = 0.037) and progression-free survival (p = 0.041) (FIG. 3B). In addition, the LDH (lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase) value of 21 patients in the verification group having a mutation in OSBPL10 was significantly lower (p = 0.04). The LDH value is an index used as one prognostic factor in IPI (International Prognostic Index).

IPIの影響を除くために、傾向スコア解析(Inverse Probability Weighting法)を行った。解析は、R version 3.3.2(非特許文献15)及びIPW survival package(非特許文献16)を用いて行った(図4)。   In order to remove the influence of IPI, a propensity score analysis (Inverse Probability Weighting method) was performed. The analysis was performed using R version 3.3.2 (Non-Patent Document 15) and IPW survival package (Non-Patent Document 16) (FIG. 4).

IPW法を適用しても、17p欠損を伴うTP53変異は、有意に全生存率(p<0.01)、無増悪生存期間(p<0.01)ともに予後不良であった(図4A)。OSBPL10の変異に関しては、IPW法を適用した後は、変異を有する群は、全生存率(p=0.05)、無増悪生存期間(p=0.05)ともに、予後が良い傾向が見られた(図4B)。   Even when the IPW method was applied, the TP53 mutation associated with the 17p deletion had significantly poor prognosis in both the overall survival rate (p <0.01) and progression-free survival time (p <0.01) (FIG. 4A). . Regarding the mutation of OSBPL10, after applying the IPW method, the group having the mutation had a favorable prognosis in both the overall survival rate (p = 0.05) and the progression-free survival period (p = 0.05). (FIG. 4B).

一般的にDLBCLの予後の指標として用いられているIPIと本発明の方法との比較を行った。IPIは、年齢、臨床病期、乳酸脱水素酵素(lactate dehydrogenase、LDH)、PS(全身状態、ECOG−PS)、リンパ節以外の病変(Extranodal lesion)の予後因子から算出される値を示す。図5Bに検証群におけるIPIの分類による全生存期間を示す。   IPI, which is generally used as a prognostic indicator of DLBCL, was compared with the method of the present invention. IPI indicates a value calculated from age, clinical stage, lactate dehydrogenase (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), PS (general condition, ECOG-PS), and prognostic factors of lesions other than lymph nodes (extranal length). FIG. 5B shows the overall survival time according to the classification of IPI in the verification group.

これに対し、本発明の方法による予後予測方法(TP53の変異かつ欠損とOSBPL10の変異を組み合わせたGenomic Prognostic Index:GPI)による予後を検証群にて確認した(図5A)。IPIとGPIを比較すると、GPIは非常に精度良くDLBCLの予後を予測可能であった(p=0.0034)。   On the other hand, the prognosis by the prognosis prediction method (Genomic Prognostic Index: GPI in which the mutation and deletion of TP53 and the mutation of OSBPL10 were combined) by the method of the present invention was confirmed in the verification group (FIG. 5A). Comparing IPI and GPI, GPI was able to predict the prognosis of DLBCL very accurately (p = 0.0034).

以上、示したように、極端な転帰を示した2群の全エクソームシーケンス解析より、予後を予測し得る因子として、17番の染色体短腕の欠損を伴うTP53変異、OSBPL10の変異を見出し、検証群にて確認した。これら変異を予後予測因子として用いることによって、DLBCLの予後を予測が可能となり、DLBCL患者に対して長期の治療計画を立てることができるようになった。   As described above, from the analysis of all exome sequences of the two groups that showed extreme outcomes, TP53 mutation with deletion of the short arm of chromosome 17 and mutation of OSBPL10 were found as factors that can predict the prognosis, It was confirmed in the verification group. By using these mutations as prognostic predictors, the prognosis of DLBCL can be predicted, and a long-term treatment plan can be established for DLBCL patients.

Claims (5)

びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫(DLBCL)の予後予測検査方法であって、TP53及び/又はOSBPL10の変異を検出することを特徴とする検査方法。   A method for predicting the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), comprising detecting a mutation in TP53 and / or OSBPL10. 一方のアリルにTP53の変異が、
他方のアリルに17p欠損が併存している場合に、
予後不良であるとする請求項1記載の検査方法。
Mutation of TP53 in one allele,
When 17p deletion coexists in the other allele,
The inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the prognosis is poor.
OSBPL10の変異を有する場合に、予後良好であるとする請求項1記載の検査方法。   2. The test method according to claim 1, wherein the prognosis is favorable when the mutation has an OSBPL10 mutation. DLBCLの予後予測因子であって、
一方のアリルにTP53の変異が存在し、他方のアリルの17p欠損が併存していること、
及び/又はOSBPL10の変異であることを特徴とする予後予測因子。
A prognostic predictor of DLBCL,
Mutation of TP53 is present in one allele and 17p deletion of the other allele coexists,
And / or an OSBPL10 mutation.
請求項4記載のDLBCLの予後予測因子を検出するための検出試薬を含む検出キット。   A detection kit comprising a detection reagent for detecting a DLBCL prognostic predictor according to claim 4.
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